| 1. |
- Cappel, Ute B, et al.
(författare)
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Partially Reversible Photoinduced Chemical Changes in a Mixed-Ion Perovskite Material for Solar Cells.
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:40, s. 34970-34978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ) with the element specificity and chemical sensitivity of core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. By carrying out measurements at a synchrotron beamline optimized for low X-ray fluxes, we are able to avoid sample changes due to X-ray illumination and are therefore able to monitor what sample changes are induced by visible illumination only. We find that laser illumination causes partially reversible chemistry in the surface region, including enrichment of bromide at the surface, which could be related to a phase separation into bromide- and iodide-rich phases. We also observe a partially reversible formation of metallic lead in the perovskite structure. These processes occur on the time scale of minutes during illumination. The presented methodology has a large potential for understanding light-induced chemistry in photoactive materials and could specifically be extended to systematically study the impact of morphology and composition on the photostability of metal halide perovskites.
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| 2. |
- Coumoundouros, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and facilitators to implementing e-mental health interventions – a systematic review focusing in on interventions for informal cancer and dementia caregivers
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers.Methods Electronic databases were searched for studies published since 2007 reporting on implementation of e-mental health interventions for caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. A thematic synthesis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to identify implementation barriers and facilitators.ResultsImplementation barriers and facilitators were reported for 15 unique interventions designed for cancer (n=8) or dementia (n=7) caregivers. Intervention and individual characteristics were the most commonly addressed CFIR domains. Facilitators related to intervention’s easy-to-use design and presentation of tailored materials. Barriers included a lack of intervention support and difficulty identifying with materials due to low diversity in caregiver demographics and dyad types presented. Perspectives from stakeholders other than caregivers were infrequently reported, however challenges finding resources and financing interventions posed a barrier to real-world implementation. Themes for cancer and dementia caregiver interventions were similar, however a specific dimension related to cancer caregiver interventions was the (un)desirability of dyadic interventions. Conclusion and clinical implicationsE-mental health interventions for caregivers tend to be well-designed, however many dimensions of implementing these interventions remain largely unexplored. Future intervention development and evaluations should include feedback from stakeholders such as clinicians and care organizations to create a more complete picture of important factors for real-world intervention implementation. Review findings are part of a programme of research aiming to develop an implementation ready e-mental health intervention for cancer caregivers which will also be briefly discussed.
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| 3. |
- Coumoundouros, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers: a systematic review
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Informal caregivers of people with chronic health conditions can experience anxiety, distress, depression, and other mental health difficulties as a result of their caregiving role. E-mental health interventions present a way to provide effective and accessible mental health support to informal caregivers, however implementation of e-mental health interventions can be challenging. A systematic review was conducted aiming to (1) examine implementation barriers and facilitators, and (2) identify implementation and intervention features associated with intervention effectiveness, to inform the design and implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. Methods:Studies published since 2007 were searched for in six electronic databases, clinical trial registries and OpenGrey. Eligible studies reported on the implementation and/or effectiveness of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. Studies reporting on implementation were included in a thematic synthesis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify implementation barriers and facilitators. Randomized controlled trials reporting on intervention effectiveness were included in a qualitative comparative analysis to determine conditions related to implementation (e.g. interventionist training) and intervention characteristics (e.g. presence of support) sufficient for an intervention to be effective. Findings: A total of 34 studies have been included, representing 18 unique interventions for informal cancer (n=8), dementia (n=9) or stroke (n=1) caregivers. The majority of interventions were self-administered, and were either based on cognitive behavioral therapy or stress and coping frameworks. Aim 1: Implementation data were identified in 27 studies, representing 15 interventions. Intervention and individual (primarily informal caregiver) characteristics were the domains of the CFIR most commonly addressed. A barrier to implementation was lack of diversity among the informal care situations presented in interventions (e.g. not showing informal caregivers of different ages, ethnicities and care dyad types). Lack of support provided to informal caregivers was an additional barrier to implementation, however not all types of support are equally desirable (e.g. peer discussion forums). Implementation facilitators included intervention’s user-friendly designs and use of materials that informal caregivers could apply to their daily lives and routines. Perspectives from stakeholders at implementing organizations were not often explored, however, resource constraints (e.g. time) was one barrier to implementing e-mental health programs for informal caregivers.Aim 2: The qualitative comparative analysis included 8 randomized controlled trials and explored conditions such as the presence of peer support, professional support and the type of intervention theory. However, the analysis could not be conducted as the consistency level across the included studies was too low. Discussion: A variety of implementation barriers and facilitators were identified that can be used to inform future intervention development and implementation planning. Few studies were included in the qualitative comparative analysis, however there was low consistency in conditions sufficient for intervention effectiveness. Future research about e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers should seek out perspectives from a broader group of stakeholders, such as clinicians and care organizations, to gain further insight into implementation barriers and facilitators at different organizational levels.
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| 4. |
- Coumoundouros, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers – a systematic review of what we know and where to go next
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: E-mental health interventions have the potential to provide accessible mental health support to informal caregivers who commonly experience mental health problems. However, e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers are frequently not implemented. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken to explore what factors impact the implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers. Within the review, a thematic synthesis utilizing primarily deductive coding based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to identify implementation barriers and facilitators.Results: The thematic synthesis included 44 reports resulting in identification of 152 barriers and facilitators. Barriers and facilitators were commonly related to the intervention and individual characteristic domains of the framework, including barriers such as lack of diversity in informal care scenarios included in the intervention and lack of support, and facilitators such as user-friendly design and providing benefits to informal caregivers (e.g. improved wellbeing). Barriers and facilitators related to the outer and inner setting, and the implementation process were less commonly explored but included lack of resources as a barrier, and alignment between the intervention and organizational goals as a facilitator. Conclusions: Implementation barriers and facilitators identified in this review can be used to inform future intervention development and implementation strategy development and planning. Future research should focus on exploring the perspectives of professionals who may be involved in implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers to improve our understanding of factors that influence e-mental health implementation within implementing organisations.
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| 5. |
- Coumoundouros, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with chronic diseases : a systematic review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 15, s. P10-P10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Many informal caregivers experience mental health difficulties. E-mental health interventions offer effective and accessible mental health support; however, these interventions are often not implemented. To explore implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers, a systematic review was conducted to (1) examine implementation barriers and facilitators, and (2) identify implementation and intervention features associated with intervention effectiveness.Method:Multiple electronic databases were searched for studies published since 2007 reporting on the implementation and/or effectiveness of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. A thematic synthesis of data related to implementation will be used to identify implementation barriers and facilitators. A qualitative comparative analysis, using data from pragmatic randomized controlled trials, will be used to determine combinations of conditions related to an intervention’s implementation or program features, sufficient for intervention effectiveness.Results:Electronic database searches yielded 9248 unique records to undergo title/abstract screening. The literature screening process is currently underway to identify full-texts eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Preliminary findings will be presented. Implementation barriers and facilitators identified in the thematic synthesis will be presented. These barriers and facilitators will be linked to initial results from the qualitative comparative analysis, as barriers and facilitators may relate to conditions important for intervention effectiveness. Practical applications of these findings will be discussed. If a qualitative comparative analysis cannot be completed prior to the conference, pragmatic trials reporting on intervention effectiveness will be descriptively summarized and analysis plans discussed.Conclusions:This review will identify key factors to consider during implementation of e-mental health interventions for informal caregivers and present potential solutions to overcome implementation barriers. These findings can be used to inform intervention design and implementation strategies to facilitate the implementation of e-mental health services for informal caregivers.Acknowledgements:This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie-Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 814072.
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| 6. |
- Coumoundouros, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of e–Mental Health Interventions for Informal Caregivers of Adults With Chronic Diseases : Mixed Methods Systematic Review With a Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Thematic Synthesis
- 2022
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Ingår i: JMIR Mental Health. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2368-7959. ; 9:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Informal caregivers commonly experience mental health difficulties related to their caregiving role. e–Mental health interventions provide mental health support in a format that may be more accessible to informal caregivers. However, e–mental health interventions are seldom implemented in real-world practice.Objective: This mixed methods systematic review aimed to examine factors associated with the effectiveness and implementation of e–mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. To achieve this aim, two approaches were adopted: combinations of implementation and intervention characteristics sufficient for intervention effectiveness were explored using qualitative comparative analysis, and barriers to and facilitators of implementation of e–mental health interventions for informal caregivers were explored using thematic synthesis.Methods: We identified relevant studies published from January 1, 2007, to July 6, 2022, by systematically searching 6 electronic databases and various secondary search strategies. Included studies reported on the effectiveness or implementation of e–mental health interventions for informal caregivers of adults with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, heart disease, or stroke. Randomized controlled trials reporting on caregivers’ mental health outcomes were included in a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis. We assessed randomized controlled trials for bias using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and we assessed how pragmatic or explanatory their trial design was using the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary 2 tool. Studies of any design reporting on implementation were included in a thematic synthesis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to identify barriers to and facilitators of implementation.Results: Overall, 53 reports, representing 29 interventions, were included in the review. Most interventions (27/29, 93%) focused on informal cancer or dementia caregivers. In total, 14 reports were included in the qualitative comparative analysis, exploring conditions including the presence of peer or professional support and key persuasive design features. Low consistency and coverage prevented the determination of condition sets sufficient for intervention effectiveness. Overall, 44 reports were included in the thematic synthesis, and 152 barriers and facilitators were identified, with the majority related to the intervention and individual characteristic domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implementation barriers and facilitators in the inner setting (eg, organizational culture) and outer setting (eg, external policies and resources) domains were largely unexplored.Conclusions: e–Mental health interventions for informal caregivers tend to be well-designed, with several barriers to and facilitators of implementation identified related to the intervention and individual user characteristics. Future work should focus on exploring the views of stakeholders involved in implementation to determine barriers to and facilitators of implementing e–mental health interventions for informal caregivers, focusing on inner and outer setting barriers and facilitators.Trial Registration: PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42020155727; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020155727
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| 7. |
- Giangrisostomi, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Low Dose Photoelectron Spectroscopy at BESSY II : Electronic structure of matter in its native state
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224:SI, s. 68-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of a high-transmission, angular-resolved time-of-Right electron spectrometer with a 1.25 MHz pulse selector at the PM4 soft X-ray dipole beamline of the synchrotron BESSY II creates unique capabilities to inquire electronic structure via photoelectron spectroscopy with a minimum of radiation dose. Solid-state samples can be prepared and characterized with standard UHV techniques and rapidly transferred from various preparation chambers to a 4-axis temperature-controlled measurement stage. A synchronized MHz laser system enables excited-state characterization and dynamical studies starting from the picosecond timescale. This article introduces the principal characteristics of the PM4 beamline and LowDosePES end-station. Recent results from graphene, an organic hole transport material for solar cells and the transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 are presented to demonstrate the instrument performances. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 8. |
- Kuehn, Danilo, et al.
(författare)
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Directional sub-femtosecond charge transfer dynamics and the dimensionality of 1T-TaS2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2, we establish through a unique experimental approach and density functional theory, how ultrafast charge transfer in 1T-TaS2 takes on isotropic three-dimensional character or anisotropic two-dimensional character, depending on the commensurability of the charge density wave phases of 1T-TaS2. The X-ray spectroscopic core-hole-clock method prepares selectively in-and out-of-plane polarized sulfur 3p orbital occupation with respect to the 1T-TaS2 planes and monitors sub-femtosecond wave packet delocalization. Despite being a prototypical two-dimensional material, isotropic three-dimensional charge transfer is found in the commensurate charge density wave phase (CCDW), indicating strong coupling between layers. In contrast, anisotropic two-dimensional charge transfer occurs for the nearly commensurate phase (NCDW). In direct comparison, theory shows that interlayer interaction in the CCDW phase - not layer stacking variations - causes isotropic three-dimensional charge transfer. This is presumably a general mechanism for phase transitions and tailored properties of dichalcogenides with charge density waves.
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| 9. |
- Kühn, Danilo, et al.
(författare)
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Capabilities of Angle Resolved Time of Flight electron spectroscopy with the 60 degrees wide angle acceptance lens
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simultaneous detection of energy, momentum and temporal information in electron spectroscopy is the key aspect to enhance the detection efficiency in order to broaden the range of scientific applications. Employing a novel 60 degrees wide angle acceptance lens system, based on an additional accelerating electron optical element, leads to a significant enhancement in transmission over the previously employed 30 degrees electron lenses. Due to the performance gain, optimized capabilities for time resolved electron spectroscopy and other high transmission applications with pulsed ionizing radiation have been obtained. The energy resolution and transmission have been determined experimentally utilizing BESSY II as a photon source. Four different and complementary lens modes have been characterized. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Mårtensson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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“Privilege is invisible to those who have it”: Some evidence that men underestimate the magnitude of gender differences in income.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Research in Social Psychology. - 1088-7423. ; 27, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigated gender differences in misperceptions of gender differences in income. We hypothesized that men misperceive and underestimate the magnitude of gender income differences to a greater extent than women. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire, and respondents' (N = 314) perceptions of income differences were compared with official statistics. Results indicated that men misperceive and underestimate the magnitude of gender differences in income more than women, which supports and extends previous research implying a selfreference effect in relation to misperceptions of economic inequality and gender issues.
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| 12. |
- Mårtensson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological interventions for depression among informal caregivers of older adult populations : protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Increased life expectancy has led to an increased demand for family members to provide informal care for their older relatives in the home. Many studies suggest informal caregivers are at greater risk of experiencing symptoms of depression. However, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting these symptoms alongside clinical and methodological moderators potentially associated with intervention effectiveness. This review aims to address this gap and will inform the development of a psychological intervention targeting depression among adult-child caregivers of older parents, given many studies show that among informal caregivers of older adults, adult children experience specific difficulties and needs for psychological support. Further, the lack of studies targeting adult children specifically necessitates conducting this review targeting caregivers of older adults in general.Methods and analysis: Randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions targeting symptoms of depression among informal caregivers will be identified via a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica DataBase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and supplemented by handsearching of previous systematic reviews, reference and forward citation checking, and expert contact. If possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted to examine the: (1) effectiveness of psychological interventions for depression among informal caregivers of older adults, (2) effectiveness of psychological interventions for secondary outcomes such as anxiety, stress, caregiver burden, psychological distress, quality of life, well-being and self-efficacy and (3) moderating effects of clinical and methodological factors on effectiveness.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval will not be necessary for this study given primary data will not be collected. Results will inform the development of a psychological intervention for adult-child caregivers of older parents and will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020157763.
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| 13. |
- Mårtensson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological interventions for symptoms of depression among informal caregivers of older adult populations : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 320, s. 474-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Symptoms of depression are commonly experienced by informal caregivers of older adults, howeverthere is uncertainty concerning effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting symptoms of depression inthis population. Further, there is uncertainty concerning important clinical moderators, including interventiontype and care recipient health condition. This review examined the effectiveness of psychological interventionstargeting symptoms of depression in informal caregivers of older adults.Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched. Risk of biaswas assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.Results: Fifteen studies were identified and twelve (1270 participants) provided data for the meta-analysis. Interventionsincluded cognitive behavioral therapy (4 studies), problem-solving therapy (4 studies); non-directivesupportive therapy (4 studies) and behavioral activation (3 studies). A small effect size favouring the interventionwas found for symptoms of depression (g = - 0.49, CI = - 0.79, - 0.19, I2 = 83.42 %) and interventions wereeffective in reducing incidence of major depression (OR = 0.177, CI = 0.08, 0.38), caregiver burden (g = - 0.35,CI = - 0.55, - 0.15) and psychological distress (g = - 0.49, CI = - 0.70, - 0.28). Given high heterogeneity,findings should be interpreted with caution. Overall risk of bias was high.Limitations: Studies were limited to those in English or Swedish.Conclusion: Psychological interventions may be effective in reducing symptoms of depression among informalcaregivers of older adults. However, evidence is inconclusive due to heterogeneity, high risk of bias, and indirectnessof evidence.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sloboda, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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A method for studying pico to microsecond time-resolved core-level spectroscopy used to investigate electron dynamics in quantum dots
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy can give insights into carrier dynamics and offers the possibility of element and site-specific information through the measurements of core levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that this method can access electrons dynamics in PbS quantum dots over a wide time window spanning from pico- to microseconds in a single experiment carried out at the synchrotron facility BESSY II. The method is sensitive to small changes in core level positions. Fast measurements at low pump fluences are enabled by the use of a pump laser at a lower repetition frequency than the repetition frequency of the X-ray pulses used to probe the core level electrons: Through the use of a time-resolved spectrometer, time-dependent analysis of data from all synchrotron pulses is possible. Furthermore, by picosecond control of the pump laser arrival at the sample relative to the X-ray pulses, a time-resolution limited only by the length of the X-ray pulses is achieved. Using this method, we studied the charge dynamics in thin film samples of PbS quantum dots on n-type MgZnO substrates through time-resolved measurements of the Pb 5d core level. We found a time-resolved core level shift, which we could assign to electron injection and charge accumulation at the MgZnO/PbS quantum dots interface. This assignment was confirmed through the measurement of PbS films with different thicknesses. Our results therefore give insight into the magnitude of the photovoltage generated specifically at the MgZnO/PbS interface and into the timescale of charge transport and electron injection, as well as into the timescale of charge recombination at this interface. It is a unique feature of our method that the timescale of both these processes can be accessed in a single experiment and investigated for a specific interface.
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| 17. |
- Pettman, Danelle, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Ingår i: 6th International Congress of Clinical Psychology and Health with Children and Adolescents. - : Ediciones Pirámide (Grupo Anaya, S. A.). ; , s. 84-84
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Postpartum depression (PPD) can interfere witha mother’s ability to engage in sensitive caregiving,however a recent systematic review and meta-analysisby our group (Pettman et al., 2020) revealed the majority of existing PPD interventions focus on the mothersmood alone, without additional support with parenting.Further, in a recent randomised controlled feasibilitytrial telephone supported internet-administered behavioural activation (BA) intervention for PPD demonstrated feasibility and acceptability with a large effectsize for depression at post-treatment (-0.87, 95% CI0.42-1.32), maintained at 6 months (O’Mahen et al.,2014). Attrition rates were low, with 10% attrition inthe BA group at post-treatment and 14% at 6-monthfollow-up. However, only small effect sizes were foundfor self-reported perception of relationship with infant(parental bonding). The purpose of this research is todevelop an accessible internet-based intervention thatintegrates BA treatment for PPD with parenting skillsand to adapt it to a Swedish population. Adopting theMedical Research Council (United Kingdom) phase I(development) framework, this qualitative study willuse a participatory action research (PAR) approach.Using PAR will place Swedish mothers with lived experience of PPD at the centre of the intervention development process. Through a series of iterative workshops,meetings and online feedback, a Mother ResearcherPartner Panel of mothers with lived experience ofPPD and Health Care Professional Advisory Group willassist the research team in iteratively developing theintegrated PPD and parenting intervention. Resultswill report mothers’ intervention design and deliverypreferences, including technical elements, visual andaudio elements, and amount and format of professional support. Results will also describe adaptations toimprove the cultural appropriateness, relevance, andacceptability of the intervention to Swedish mothers.
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