| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Atypical abstract associations in aphasia measured by a semantic space model
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference, The frontal lobes. - Toronto : Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic similarity between concrete and abstract cue words and free association words was measured for aphasic subjects with left perisylvian lesions using a semantic space model. Aphasic participants showed more atypical associations the more abstract the cue words were. They also generally produced less abstract words than control subjects. The results support models assuming that the meanings of concrete words are represented in bi-hemispheric networks of semantic features in the brain, whereas the representation of abstract words is more dependent on the left perisylvian language network.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johansson, Victoria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Språk och hjärna
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
-
Språk och hjärna
- 2013. - 1
-
Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
-
Språk och hjärna
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
-
Språk och hjärna
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindberg, Frida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Aesthetic ultrasound devices : Current state of knowledge and suggested measurement set-up for characterization of exposure
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report concerns the ultrasound devices used for the aesthetic purposes of body contouring and fat reduction (ablation of adipose tissue). Such devices have recently become more frequent on the Swedish market. These ultrasound devices are currently not medically regulated in Sweden and little is known about their safety and potentially harmful exposure when using them.This report aims to provide relevant information about present guidelines and scientific results in the area, a survey of the Swedish market and also recommendations on how to characterize the ultrasound emitted by these devices. This information provides an important basis for possible future regulatory actions.All aesthetic ultrasound devices found on the Swedish market use low-frequency non-thermal ultrasound. These types of devices (with one exception) have not yet been studied in peer-reviewed publications and the technical specifications from the suppliers are often incomplete. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the devices in order to gain adequate knowledge about possible risks associated with their use.Ultrasound exposure should be characterized by its frequency and acoustic pressure. It has not been fully investigated whether the mathematical equation for the mechanical index is valid for the low frequencies used by aesthetic ultrasound equipment on the Swedish market. In this report, two different hydrophone measurement set-ups for characterization of ultrasound exposure are proposed. The most common reason behind adverse events or exposure of non-target tissue regions is most likely handling errors by the operator. Hence, only characterization of the ultrasound field does not necessarily imply the safe use of aesthetic ultrasound devices.It is recommended that the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency discuss their respective future responsibility and how aesthetic ultrasound devices should be regulated.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindberg, Frida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of ultrasound Tissue Velocity Imaging : a phantom study of velocity estimation in skeletal muscle low-level contractions
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342. ; 13:1, s. 16-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tissue Velocity Imaging (TVI) is an ultrasound based technique used for quantitative analysis of the cardiac function and has earlier been evaluated according to myocardial velocities. Recent years several studies have reported applying TVI in the analysis of skeletal muscles. Skeletal tissue velocities can be very low. In particular, when performing isometric contractions or contractions of low force level the velocities may be much lower compared to the myocardial tissue velocities. Methods: In this study TVI was evaluated for estimation of tissue velocities below the typical myocardial velocities. An in-house phantom was used to see how different PRF-settings affected the accuracy of the velocity estimations. Results: With phantom peak velocity at 0.03 cm/s the error ranged from 31% up to 313% with the different PRF-settings in this study. For the peak velocities at 0.17 cm/s and 0.26 cm/s there was no difference in error with tested PFR settings, it is kept approximately around 20%. Conclusions: The results from the present study showed that the PRF setting did not seem to affect the accuracy of the velocity estimation at tissue velocities above 0.17 cm/s. However at lower velocities (0.03 cm/s) the setting was crucial for the accuracy. The PRF should therefore preferable be reduced when the method is applied in low-level muscle contraction.
|
|
| 9. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Abstract, concrete and emotional words in the mental lexicon : A coding scheme for analyzing verbal descriptions of word meanings
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Third Conference of the Scandinavian Association for Language and Cognition, SALC III. - Copenhagen : University of Copenhagen. ; , s. 86-87
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has suggested that abstract and concrete semantics are processed and conceptualized differently (Pulvermüller 1999, Crutch & Warrington 2005; Fuster 2009). Specifically, concrete semantics is assumed to be processed by posterior, sensory brain areas, as opposed to an anterior processing of abstract semantic information. In addition, other researchers raise the question whether emotional words should be included in the abstract category (Altarriba & Bauer 2004, Kousta et al. 2009).Following this, the present study proposes a method for analyzing spontaneous discourse produced by aphasic and healthy subjects describing the meanings of abstract, concrete, and emotional words. Linguistic data related to word meanings were obtained by asking subjects to describe the meanings of nouns varying in concreteness and emotional arousal freely and as detailed as possible, a method based on Barsalou & Wiemer-Hastings (2005). Subjects with anterior/posterior lesions and healthy controls were hypothesized to differ in their retrieval and verbalization of semantic information related to the cue words, with posterior lesions affecting concrete semantic features and anterior lesions affecting higher levels of abstraction and structuring of information. Emotional information, partly processed by subcortical structures, was expected to be well-preserved despite cortical lesions.A coding scheme was developed in order to capture semantic and structural information in the transcribed material, taking the following factors into account:Type of information in an utterance: general/personal:episodic/personal:evaluative/procedural cuesClauses: main/subordinateRelation between produced content word and cue word: contextual/ property-basedSemantic information of produced content words: abstract/ concrete/emotionalWhether the topic is maintainedWhether the information is semantically acceptableThe proposed coding scheme makes it possible to investigate how different brain lesions affect retrieval and expression of semantic information with differing degrees of abstractness.Altarriba, J. & Bauer, L.M. (2004). The distinctiveness of emotion concepts: A comparison between emotion, abstract, and concrete words. The American Journal of Psychology 117(3), 389-410.Barsalou, L.W. & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (2005). Situating Abstract Concepts. In Grounding Cognition: The Role of Perception and Action in Memory, Language, and Thinking. Pecher, D. & Zwaan, R.A.(Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Crutch, S.J. & Warrington, E.K. (2005). Abstract and concrete concepts have structurally different representational frameworks. Brain 128, 615-627.Fuster, J. (2009) Cortex and memory: Emergence of a new paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21,11, 2047-2072.Kousta, S-T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D.P Andrews, M. (2009). Happiness is... an abstract word. The role of affect in abstract knowledge representation. In N.A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1115-1120. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.Pulvermüller, F. (1999). Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, 253-336.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling the meaning of words : Neural correlates of abstract and concrete noun processing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis. - 0065-1400 .- 1689-0035. ; 71:4, s. 455-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a model relating analysis of abstract and concrete word meaning in terms of semantic features and contextual frames within a general framework of neurocognitive information processing. The approach taken here assumes concrete noun meanings to be intimately related to sensory feature constellations. These features are processed by posterior sensory regions of the brain, e.g. the occipital lobe, which handles visual information. The interpretation of abstract nouns, however, is likely to be more dependent on semantic frames and linguistic context. A greater involvement of more anteriorly located, perisylvian brain areas has previously been found for the processing of abstract words. In the present study, a word association test was carried out in order to compare semantic processing in healthy subjects (n=12) with subjects with aphasia due to perisylvian lesions (n=3) and occipital lesions (n=1). The word associations were coded into different categories depending on their semantic content. A double dissociation was found, where, compared to the controls, the perisylvian aphasic subjects had problems associating to abstract nouns and produced fewer semantic frame-based associations, whereas the occipital aphasic subject showed disturbances in concrete noun processing and made fewer semantic feature based associations.
|
|
| 15. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling the Meaning of Words : Neural Correlates of Abstract and Concrete Noun Processing
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference, The frontal lobes.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We outline a proposal to relate modelling of word meaning in terms of semantic features and frames to a general hierarchical model of neurocognitive processing [1]. The model assumes that concrete features are processed in low-level, posterior sensory networks, whereas abstract conceptualization involves integration of frame-based information, making it more dependent on higher cognitive functions orchestrated by frontal networks. Episodic memory networks are suggested to be at an intermediate level, i.e. more concrete than general semantic frames, but less concrete than sensory-based information. A word association test was used to investigate the processing of concrete and abstract nouns. Speakers with stroke-related aphasia due to anterior and posterior lesions and healthy controls participated. Assuming visual memory networks to be important for concrete noun processing, left occipital lesions were hypothesized to impair the interpretation of concrete words. Lesions affecting left anterior areas were expected to give rise to the reverse pattern due to difficulties in accessing general semantic frames. Results supported the hypotheses. Compared with controls, anterior aphasic subjects produced fewer semantic frame-based associations, but more associations based on episodic memories and sensory feature similarity. In contrast, occipital lesions implicated fewer associations based on sensory features but more on semantic frames.References1. Fuster. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2009, 21, 2047-2072
|
|
| 16. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory-specific anomic aphasia following left occipital lesions : data from free oral descriptions of concrete word meanings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Scandinavian Association for Language and Cognition. SALC IV, June 12-14, 2013. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu. - Joensuu : University of Eastern Finland.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nouns with a high degree of semantic specificity (e.g., ‘robin’) can be assumed to be more closelyrelated to sensory information as opposed to more non-specific nouns belonging to the same lexicalsemantic hierarchy (e.g., ‘animal’) (Rosch, 1978). As the majority of concrete nouns denote thingsthat can be experienced visually, activation of visual information might be necessary for concrete noun processing, in which case damage to visual (occipital) cortex might selectively affect morespecific nouns. Supporting this idea, nouns (e.g., ’table’) and verbs (e.g., ’kick’) have been found toactivate brain regions involved in experiencing their referred objects and actions (Pulvermüller & Fadiga 2010).Individuals with lesions in visual brain areas have previously been shown to have difficulties accessing words related to the visual modality (Manning 2000; Gainotti 2004). In these studies, the focus has been on comparing different modes of presentation (e.g., visual/tactile/verbal). However, it could further be hypothesised that when visual areas are damaged, the degree of visual semantic content would also affect performance.The present study investigated hierarchical lexical semantic structure in free oral descriptions of concrete word meanings produced by a subject (ZZ) diagnosed with anomic aphasia due to left occipital lesions. The focus of the analysis was production of a) nouns at different levels of semanticspecificity (e.g. ‘robin’–‘bird’–‘animal’) and b) words describing sensory or motor experiences (e.g. ‘blue’, ‘soft’, ‘fly’).Results showed that in contrast to healthy and aphasic controls, who produced words at all levels of specificity and mainly vision-related sensory information, ZZ produced almost exclusively nouns at the most non-specific levels and words associated with sound and movement, suggesting that his anomia is sensory-specific and dependent on the modality of the semantic content of words.ReferencesCrutch, S.J. & Warrington, E.K. (2008). Contrasting patterns of comprehension for superordinate, basic level, and subordinate names in semantic dementia and aphasic stroke patients. Cognitive Neuropsychology 25(4), 582-600.Gainotti, G. (2004). A metanalysis of impaired and spared naming for different categories of knowledge in patients with a visuo-verbal disconnection. Neuropsychologia 42, 299-319.Manning, L. (2000). Loss of visual imagery and defective recognition of parts of wholes in optic aphasia.NeuroCase 6 (2), 111-128.Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In: Rosch, Eleanor and Barbara B. Lloyd, eds., Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 27-48.Pulvermüller, F. & Fadiga, L. (2010). Active perception: sensorimotor circuits as a cortical basis for language. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11, 351-360.
|
|
| 17. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory-specific anomic aphasia following left occipital lesions : Data from free oral descriptions of concrete word meanings
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Neurocase. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-4794 .- 1465-3656. ; 20:2, s. 192-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated hierarchical lexical semantic structure in oral descriptions of concrete word meanings produced by a subject (ZZ) diagnosed with anomic aphasia due to left occipital lesions. The focus of the analysis was production of a) nouns at different levels of semantic specificity (e.g., "robin"-"bird"-"animal") and b) words describing sensory or motor experiences (e.g., "blue," "soft," "fly"). Results show that in contrast to healthy and aphasic controls, who produced words at all levels of specificity and mainly vision-related sensory information, ZZ produced almost exclusively nouns at the most non-specific levels and words associated with sound and movement.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Atypical associations to abstract words in Broca's aphasia
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Cortex. - : Elsevier BV. - 1973-8102 .- 0010-9452. ; 48:8, s. 1068-1072
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Left frontal brain lesions are known to give rise to aphasia and impaired word associations. These associations have previously been difficult to analyze. We used a semantic space method to investigate associations to cue words. The degree of abstractness of the generated words and semantic similarity to the cue words were measured. Method Three subjects diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia and twelve control subjects associated freely to cue words. Results were evaluated with latent semantic analysis (LSA) applied to the Swedish Parole corpus. Results The aphasic subjects could be clearly distinguished from controls by a lower degree of abstractness in the words they generated. The aphasic group’s associations showed a negative correlation between semantic similarity to cue word and abstractness of cue word. Conclusions By developing novel semantic measures, we showed that Broca’s aphasic subjects’ word production was characterized by a low degree of abstractness and low degree of coherence in associations to abstract cue words. The results support models where meanings of concrete words are represented in neural networks involving perceptual and motor areas, whereas the meaning of abstract words is more dependent on connections to other word forms in the left frontal region. Semantic spaces can be used in future developments of evaluative tools for both diagnosis and research purposes.
|
|
