| 1. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Kemiska hälsorisker
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 309-337
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Mårtensson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A national survey of how acupuncture is currently used in midwifery care at Swedish maternity units
- 2011
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 27:1, s. 87-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: it is known how acupuncture is used in midwifery care in Sweden and what kind of requirements health-care providers have for midwives and acupuncture training programmes. The aims of this study were to survey indications for the use of acupuncture in midwifery care in Sweden, and to examine the criteria and requirements used for purchase of acupuncture education programmes.Design: a postal survey using a structured questionnaire.Setting: 45 maternity units in Sweden.Participants: the midwife-in-charge of the units.Measurements and findings: the most common indications for the use of acupuncture were relaxation, pain relief, retained placenta, after pains, milk stasis during lactation, hyperemesis and pelvic instability. Specific requirement for acupuncture education were provision of a short course during weekdays including a follow-up course.Key conclusion: acupuncture is widely used for many indications in Swedish maternity units despite weak or no evidence to support effectiveness in midwifery care. Requirements for acupuncture education did not seem to be in accordance with what might be expected for this type of qualified intervention.Implications for practice: the use of acupuncture in midwifery care should not persist until systematic evaluation of the effect of this method is carried through.
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| 3. |
- Mårtensson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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National survey of how acupuncture education is organised for Swedish midwives
- 2011
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 27:1, s. 93-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden, acupuncture education is required before midwives can use the method in clinical practice. Courses in acupuncture are usually organised by private individuals or companies, and each health facility decides on the adequacy of the educational package. Therefore, there is no overall standard or quality control for free-standing courses of acupuncture education for midwives. The aim of this study was to survey the education given to Swedish midwives in the use of acupuncture treatment in the obstetric area. Design: a postal survey using a structured questionnaire. Setting: organisers of acupuncture education. Participants: 18 acupuncture instructors. Measurements and findings: acupuncture courses were usually organised outside universities and colleges. The courses were similar in terms of extent and content, and were mainly based on a Western medical approach. The recommended indications were extensive despite a lack of scientific evidence.The most common instructor profile was a midwife without any academic degree. Key conclusions and implications for practice: courses differed considerably in the extent to which they were research based. Continuing professional education for midwives should be given at the same academic level, at least, as basic midwifery education.
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| 4. |
- Aidemark, Jan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges for heart failure patients’ self-care systems – analysis of patients’ needs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia Technology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0173. ; 16, s. 1256-1264, s. 1256-1264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-care is important for heart failure patients. However, what are the views of patients on their situation when it comes to realizing self-care? The aim of the paper is to investigate the self-care needs of HF patients, by understanding the issues they embrace in their self-care processes. In this paper we make a review of 17 interviews and make a classification of what the needs are for possible information technology support systems. Based on the analysis of these interviews, we identify the diversity of needs in support of activities related to different background conditions and the dynamics of change of learning and changes in the heart failure condition. The contribution of the paper is a framework for understanding the diversity of needs and the specific situations of this group of patients.
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| 5. |
- Aidemark, Jan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Heart Failure Care as a Patient Learning Process
- 2013
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Ingår i: HCist'2013 - International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies - leveraging health and social care through people, processes and information systems, to be held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 23 to 25 October, 2013.. - : Elsevier. ; 9, s. 930-939
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper deals with the planning of eHealth systems in the area of chronic care from a patient-centred perspective. The particular area is heart failure (HF) and systems that support patients’ possibilities to be active learners during the care processes. A better understanding of this process is hoped to create a basis for the development of appropriate information systems or information technology (IS/IT) support of learning processes. The objective of this paper is the development of a better understanding of the challenges of chronic illness with special focus on HF. The results are presented as a planning framework that guides the choice and design of ICT-based support systems.
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| 6. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and Risk
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work and technology on human terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 425-461
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhet och risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 425-461
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Aliasgharzad, Nasser, et al.
(författare)
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Acidification of a sandy grassland favours bacteria and disfavours fungal saprotrophs as estimated by fatty acid profiling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 42:7, s. 1058-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the structure of a microbial community in semi-natural sandy grassland in southeast Sweden. The sand is rich in lime, but in most places the soil is decalcified in the upper layers, and therefore this site shows a large variation in pH within short distances. We collected samples at three different soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) and found the pH to range from 5 to 8 in the topsoil and from 4.5 to 9.5 in the deepest layer. The abundance of saprophytic fungi and bacteria was investigated using signature phospholipid fatty acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using the neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1 omega 5. The PLFA pattern of the topsoil was different from that in the other two layers, as indicated by principal component analysis. The saprotrophic fungi were associated with high pH, and bacteria with low pH in these sandy soils. No relation was found between pH and AMF in the topsoil, while a positive relation was found in the deepest soil layer. The saprophytic fungi-to-bacteria ratio was constant with depth, while the AMF-to-bacteria ratio increased with soil depth. The results showed that high soil pH favoured fungal saprophytes in sandy grasslands and that AMF are relatively more abundant than the other two groups in deeper soil layers: particularly so when the pH is high. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Concept based mapping as a tool to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research on growing media and hydroponics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 163-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cascading use of valorized constituents from societal side-streams in growing media (GM), but also the reuse of growing media, has brought increased attention to their biological properties and processes. These processes are complex, dynamic and interconnected. They are a result of the origin and treatment in previous steps of the cascading use as well as in the re-use. Furthermore, they are affected by physical and chemical characteristics in the GM and in the environment that they are exposed to. Thus, the complexity of factors and events shapes the outcome of research studies as well as product development and the manner how such outcome may be interpreted and how manufacturing processes and product quality can be standardized. In addition, the recent development of high-throughput methods for culture independent description of microbial community composition, gathering a copious volume of data, increases the level of complexity even more. To draw clear-cut conclusions on biological characteristics, processes and dynamics in GM, this complex picture needs to be disentangled, a process that already has to be in place at the early step of the study, process or product design. Based on three examples, we describe the power of conceptbased mapping to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research and product development of GM and hydroponics and show its potential for big data analysis and modeling.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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Arbete och teknik på människans villkor
- 2015. - 3
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att förstå samspelet mellan människor och mellan människor och teknik, krävs kunskaper inom flera olika områden. Boken inkluderar därför begrepp, kunskaper och metoder från bland annat psykologi, medicin, sociologi, fysik, kemi, ekonomi och juridik.Boken vänder sig främst till studerande inom arbetsvetenskap, ergonomi och liknande ämnesbenämningar på tekniska universitets- och högskoleutbildningar. Den passar också yrkesverksamma arbetsmiljöingenjörer, ergonomer och sjukgymnaster med flera.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship in a School Setting : Constructing a Generation of Self-Conducted Managers?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 29th RENT conference, 2015. - : EIASM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: to enhance our understanding of how entrepreneurship is translated into the school setting and possible consequences of its interpretations in regard to citizens and the surrounding society. Design/methodology/approach – We take a discourse approach drawing upon governmentality and the concepts of program and technology. In this paper we have a specific focus on how a programmatic initiative - a strategy for implementing entrepreneurship in schools - is made operable in practice by means of a technology – a competence development initiative - which is something that so far has been scarce in prior research. Findings – The results shows the process of how entrepreneurship gets translated into a new discourse of an entrepreneurial approach, which takes on a broader perspective including a life-long learning, cooperation with the society and democratic values. In this way stretching the program beyond its initial intentions. Moreover, that the entrepreneurial approach could come with unintended consequences that are related to democratic values which the discourse tend to marginalize or exclude. Originality/value of the paper – There has been a lack of studies that focus on the process of how programs of entrepreneurship is translated and made operable in the school setting. We are also questioning what is often taken for granted when it comes to entrepreneurship in schools i.e. what is good for business is good for education and society in large
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bagonza, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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'I know those people will be approachable and not mistreat us' : a qualitative study of inspectors and private drug sellers' views on peer supervision in rural Uganda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Globalization and Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1744-8603. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Peer supervision improves health care delivery by health workers. However, in rural Uganda, self-supervision is what is prescribed for licensed private drug sellers by statutory guidelines. Evidence shows that self-supervision encourages inappropriate treatment of children less than 5 years of age by private drug sellers. This study constructed a model for an appropriate peer supervisor to augment the self-supervision currently practiced by drug sellers at district level in rural Uganda.METHODS: In this qualitative study, six Key informant interviews were held with inspectors while ten focus group discussions were conducted with 130 drug sellers. Data analysis was informed by the Kathy Charmaz constructive approach to grounded theory. Atlas ti.7 software package was used for data management.RESULTS: A model with four dimensions defining an appropriate peer supervisor was developed. The dimensions included; incentives, clearly defined roles, mediation and role model peer supervisor. While all dimensions were regarded as being important, all participants interviewed agreed that incentives for peer supervisors were the most crucial. Overall, an appropriate peer supervisor was described as being exemplary to other drug sellers, operated within a defined framework, well facilitated to do their role and a good go-between drug sellers and government inspectors.CONCLUSION: Four central contributions advance literature by the model developed by our study. First, the model fills a supervision gap for rural private drug sellers. Second, it highlights the need for terms of reference for peer supervisors. Third, it describes who an appropriate peer supervisor should be. Lastly, it elucidates the kind of resources needed for peer supervision.
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| 17. |
- Bagonza, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Peer supervision experiences of drug sellers in a rural district in East-Central Uganda : a qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Nature. - 1475-2875. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Support supervision improves performance outcomes among health workers. However, the national professional guidelines for new licenses and renewal for Class C drug shops in Uganda prescribe self-supervision of licensed private drug sellers. Without support supervision, inappropriate treatment of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age continues unabated. This study assessed experiences of drug sellers and peer supervisors at the end of a peer supervision intervention in Luuka District in East Central Uganda. Methods Eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with peer supervisors while five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among registered drug sellers at the end of the peer supervision intervention. The study assessed experiences and challenges of peer supervisors and drug sellers regarding peer supervision. Transcripts were imported into Atlas.ti 7 qualitative data management software where they were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results Initially, peer supervisors were disliked and regarded by drug sellers as another extension of drug inspectors. However, with time a good relationship was established between drug sellers and peer supervisors leading to regular, predictable and supportive peer supervision. This increased confidence of drug sellers in using respiratory timers and rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pneumonia symptoms and uncomplicated malaria, respectively, among children under 5 years. There was also an improvement in completing the sick child register which was used for self-assessment by drug sellers. The drug shop association was mentioned as a place where peer supervision should be anchored since it was a one-stop centre for sharing experiences and continuous professional development. Drug sellers proposed including community health workers in monthly drug shop association meetings so that they may also gain from the associated benefits. Untimely completion of the sick child registers by drug sellers and inadequate financial resources were the main peer supervision challenges mentioned. Conclusion Drug sellers benefitted from peer supervision by developing a good relationship with peer supervisors. This relationship guaranteed reliable and predictable supervision ultimately leading to improved treatment practices. There is need to explore the minimum resources needed for peer supervision of drug sellers to further inform practice and policy.
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| 18. |
- Bagonza, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory inspection of registered private drug shops in East-Central Uganda-what it is versus what it should be : a qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 2052-3211. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regulatory inspection of private drug shops in Uganda is a mandate of the Ministry of Health carried out by the National Drug Authority. This study evaluated how this mandate is being carried out at national, district, and drug shop levels. Specifically, perspectives on how the inspection is done, who does it, and challenges faced were sought from inspectors and drug sellers. Methods Six key informant interviews (KIIs) were held with inspectors at the national and district level, while eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among nursing assistants, and two FGDs were held with nurses. The study appraised current methods of inspecting drug sellers against national professional guidelines for licensing and renewal of class C drug shops in Uganda. Transcripts were managed using Atlas ti version 7 (ATLAS.ti GmbH, Berlin) data management software where the thematic content analysis was done. Results Five themes emerged from the study: authoritarian inspection, delegated inspection, licensing, training, and bribes. Under authoritarian inspection, drug sellers decried the high handedness used by inspectors when found with expired or no license at all. For delegated inspection, drug sellers said that sometimes, inspectors send health assistants and sub-county chiefs for inspection visits. This cadre of people is not recognized by law as inspectors. Inspectors trained drug sellers on how to organize their drug shops better and how to use new technologies such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in diagnosing malaria. Bribes were talked about mostly by nursing assistants who purported that inspectors were not interested in inspection per se but collecting illicit payments from them. Inspectors said that the facilitation they received from the central government were inadequate for a routine inspection. Conclusion The current method of inspecting drug sellers is harsh and instills fear among drug sellers. There is a need to establish a well-recognized structure of inspection as well as establish channels of dialogue between inspectors and drug sellers if meaningful compliance is to be achieved. The government also needs to enhance both human and financial resources if meaningful inspection of drug sellers is to take place.
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| 19. |
- Barreiro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural Land Degradation in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Impact of Agriculture on Soil Degradation II : A European Perspective. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783031320514 ; 121:121, s. 299-323
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current status of agricultural soils in Sweden is dominated by a tendency of land abandonment in some areas vs. intensification which leads to soil degradation in other areas, like the south of the country. Overgrazing, slash-and-burn agricultural practices or salinization is currently not a problem for Swedish agriculture. On the other hand, soil compaction and erosion represent problems, mostly in some areas of Sweden. Agricultural soils are also exposed to different soil contaminants, pesticides and microplastics which can have negative or unclear effects in the soil ecosystem.
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| 20. |
- Barreiro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Perennial Grain in Grain Crops Rotation: The Role of Rooting Pattern in Soil Quality Management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Agronomy. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4395. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium(Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey) may have the potential to sustain soil health and fertility through the development of an extensive root system. However, references are scarce to demonstrate its potential influence in a context of a limited perennial grain growth phase, integrated into annual grain crops succession. This study aims at determining how early a perennial crop rooting system differs from that of an annual crop through root development and root traits and microbial indicators. Our results indicate that the two-year-old intermediate wheatgrass promotes a denser and deeper rooting system with proportionally more root biomass and length deeper in the soil profile. From the first growing season, the perennial grain demonstrated a suite of root traits typical of a more resource-conservative strategy, and more belowground-oriented resource allocation. Soil fungal biomass indicators were enhanced. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) indicators were notably found to be improved at 1 m depth during the second growing season. This study provides evidence that grain-based agriculture can benefit from the potential of deeper and long-lived root systems of intermediate wheatgrass to manage soils. The periodic use of a short-term perennial phase in the crop rotation has the potential to improve soil functioning in the long term.
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| 21. |
- Barreiro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Small-scale agricultural grassland management can affect soil fungal community structure as much as continental scale geographic patterns
- 2021
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European transect was established, ranging from Sweden to the Azores, to determine the relative influence of geographic factors and agricultural small-scale management on the grassland soil microbiome. Within each of five countries (factor ‘Country’), which maximized a range of geographic factors, two differing growth condition regions (factor ‘GCR’) were selected: a favorable region with conditions allowing for high plant biomass production and a contrasting less favorable region with a markedly lower potential. Within each region, grasslands of contrasting management intensities (factor ‘MI’) were defined: intensive and extensive, from which soil samples were collected. Across the transect, ‘MI’ was a strong differentiator of fungal community structure, having a comparable effect to continental scale geographic factors (‘Country’). ‘MI’ was also a highly significant driver of bacterial community structure, but ‘Country’ was clearly the stronger driver. For both, ‘GCR’ was the weakest driver. Also at the regional level, strong effects of MI occurred on various measures of the soil microbiome (i.e. OTU richness, management-associated indicator OTUs), though the effects were largely regional-specific. Our results illustrate the decisive influence of grassland MI on soil microbial community structure, over both regional and continental scales, and, thus, highlight the importance of preserving rare extensive grasslands.
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| 22. |
- Barreiro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Soil bacteria respond to regional edapho-climatic conditions while soil fungi respond to management intensity in grasslands along a European transect
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393 .- 1873-0272. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil microbial community structure is determined by environmental conditions and influenced by other factors, such as the intensity of the land use management. Studies addressing the effect of environmental factors and management on grassland soil microbial communities at the continental scale are missing, and the wide range of ecosystem services provided by these ecosystems are thus also wanting. To address this knowledge gap, this study presents data on grassland soil microbial communities along a pan-European agro-ecological gradient. The transect included five geographical locations (Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal mainland, Portugal Azores). At each location, soils were collected in two regions characterized by favourable and less favourable conditions for plant growth. In each of these ten regions, grasslands along a gradient of management intensity were selected, i.e. grassland under intensive, less intensive and extensive management. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) was used to characterize the microbial community structure (PLFA pattern) in relation to climatic and soil properties. Over the whole geographical range, the environmental properties determined the soil microbial community structure. In Sweden and Switzerland, the regional growth conditions had the strongest influence on the soil microbial communities, while in Germany, Portugal mainland and Azores the management intensity was more important. Splitting up this whole community response into individual groups reveals that, in general, saprotrophic fungal biomarkers were highest in extensively managed grasslands while bacterial biomarkers differed mainly between the regions. We conclude that at the transect level, climate and soil properties were the most important factors influencing soil bacterial community structure, while soil fungal groups were more responsive to grassland management intensity. Overall agricultural sustainability could benefit from informed soil health promoting management practices, and this study contributes to such knowledge, showing the importance of management for the soil microbial biomass and community structure.
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| 23. |
- Bergh, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of the Acceptance Symptom Assessment Scale in assessing labour pain
- 2012
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 28:5, s. e684-e688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to investigate the reliability and validity of the Acceptance Symptom Assessment Scale (ASAS) in assessing labour pain.Design: a test-retest approach was used to assess reliability and validity.Setting: labour ward with approximately 2,400 deliveries annually in western part of Sweden.Participants: forty-seven pregnant women in the latent or active phase of labour.Methods: a total of five pain assessments with both the ASAS and the VAS were conducted in three sessions.Main outcome measures: correlation between ASAS and VAS.Findings: both scales demonstrated high and significant test–retest correlations (r=0.83–0.92; p<0.001). High and significant alternative-form reliability correlations (r=0.76–0.93, p<0.001) were found between ASAS and VAS ratings at all five assessments. Construct validity was established when both the ASAS and the VAS identified a pain reduction(p<0.001) 2 hrs after birth, compared to the previous assessment. Over two-thirds of the women preferred the ASAS to the VAS ,mainly(n=30) because the ASAS provided more choices relating to the pain experience, making it possible to label pain acceptable/unacceptable.Conclusions: the ASAS is interchangeable with the VAS for assessing labour pain. Over two-thirds of the women preferred it to the VAS.
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| 24. |
- Blanck, Ylva-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Plant species richness in a natural Argentinian matorral shrub-land correlates negatively with levels of plant phosphorus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 345:1-2, s. 11-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between plant species richness and plant-available N, P and water in an environment subject to little anthropogenic disturbance. To accomplish this we studied the vegetation in matorral shrub-lands in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Due to the variation in slope, precipitation and aspect between the sites water status was determined using the C-12/C-13 fraction, delta C-13, to investigate whether this was a confounding factor. The numbers of herb, shrub, liana and tree species were determined at 20 sites along an estimated precipitation gradient. Leaf P and N content and the delta C-13 of Berberis buxifolia were determined, as well as the soil P and N content at the different sites. A negative correlation was found between species richness and Berberis buxifolia foliar P concentration (52% of the species richness variation was accounted for), and a positive correlation was found between plant species richness and Berberis buxifolia foliar N: P ratios (54% of the species richness variation was accounted for). The relationship between species richness and foliar P was seen when all layers of vegetation were included (trees, lianas, shrubs and herbs). Foliar N showed no correlation with species richness, while soil extractable NH4 showed a weak positive correlation with the number of shrub layer species (lianas, shrubs and trees). The species richness of the shrub layer increased with decreasing values of delta C-13. Low soil P availability thus affects local species richness in the matorral shrub-lands of Patagonia in Argentina although the growth of vegetation in the area has been shown to be limited by N. We suggest that low P levels increase plant species richness because low soil P concentration is associated with a high P partitioning and high potential for niche separation.
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| 25. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Health Risks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 307-337
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Designing work and technology on human terms
- 2009. - 1:1
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Ingår i: Work and technology on human terms. - Stockholm : Prevent. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 9-18
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 27. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Fysikaliska faktorer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 191-307
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Factors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 191-306
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Camponeschi, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Human CD38 regulates B cell antigen receptor dynamic organization in normal and malignant B cells.
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 219:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD38 is a multifunctional protein expressed on the surface of B cells in healthy individuals but also in B cell malignancies. Previous studies have suggested a connection between CD38 and components of the IgM class B cell antigen receptor (IgM-BCR) and its coreceptor complex. Here, we provide evidence that CD38 is closely associated with CD19 in resting B cells and with the IgM-BCR upon engagement. We show that targeting CD38 with an antibody, or removing this molecule with CRISPR/Cas9, inhibits the association of CD19 with the IgM-BCR, impairing BCR signaling in normal and malignant B cells. Together, our data suggest that CD38 is a new member of the BCR coreceptor complex, where it exerts a modulatory effect on B cell activation upon antigen recognition by regulating CD19. Our study also reveals a new mechanism where α-CD38 antibodies could be a valuable option in therapeutic approaches to B cell malignancies driven by aberrant BCR signaling.
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| 30. |
- Carlsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Perennial species mixtures for multifunctional production of biomass on marginal land
- 2017
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:1, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional agriculture provides noncommodity functions and services along with food, feed and bioenergy feedstocks, for example by preserving or promoting biodiversity, improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change and environmental degradation, and contributing to the socio-economic viability of rural areas. Producing biomass for bioenergy from low-input perennial species mixtures on marginal land has the potential to support biodiversity and soil carbon sequestration in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. We compared biomass production in species-rich mixtures of perennial grasses, legumes and forbs with pure-stand grasses and relatively species-poor mixtures under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Field experiments were performed on different types of marginal land, that is agricultural field margins and land with poor soil fertility, at four sites in southernmost and western Sweden. Biomass production was measured for three years in perennial grasses grown as pure stands, in legume-grass mixtures, and legume-grass-forb mixtures across a species richness gradient. In unfertilized species-rich mixtures, average biomass yields per experimental site and year were in the range from 3 to 9 metric ton DM ha−1 yr−1. While the most productive pure-stand grasses fertilized with 60–120 kg N ha−1 yr−1 often produced higher biomass yields than unfertilized mixtures, these differences were generally smaller than the variations between years and sites. Calculations of climate impact using the harvested biomass for conversion to biogas as vehicle fuel showed that the average greenhouse gas emissions per energy unit were about 50% lower in unfertilized systems than in treatments fertilized with 100–120 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Our findings thereby show that unfertilized species-rich perennial plant mixtures on marginal land provide resource-efficient biomass production and contribute to the mitigation of climate change. Perennial species mixtures managed with low inputs thus promote synergies between productivity and biodiversity in the perspective of climate-smart and multifunctional biomass production.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Chen, Dongfeng, et al.
(författare)
-
CD99 expression is strongly associated with clinical outcome in children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 184:3, s. 418-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study aimed to determine the expression pattern and clinical relevance of CD99 in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL). Our findings demonstrate that high expression levels of CD99 are mainly found in high-risk BCP-ALL, e.g. BCR-ABL1 and CRLF2 Re/Hi, and that high CD99 mRNA levels are strongly associated with a high frequency of relapse, high proportion of positive for minimal residual disease at day 29 and poor overall survival in paediatric cohorts, which indicate that CD99 is a potential biomarker for BCP-ALL.
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| 33. |
- Chen, Dongfeng, et al.
(författare)
-
RAG1 co-expression signature identifies ETV6-RUNX1-like B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7634. ; 10:12, s. 3997-4003
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) can be classified into subtypes according to the genetic aberrations they display. For instance, the translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), representing the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene (ER), is present in a quarter of BCP-ALL cases. However, around 10% of the cases lack classifying chromosomal abnormalities (B-other). In pediatric ER BCP-ALL, rearrangement mediated by RAG (recombination-activating genes) has been proposed as the predominant driver of oncogenic rearrangement. Herein we analyzed almost 1600 pediatric BCP-ALL samples to determine which subtypes express RAG. We demonstrate that RAG1 mRNA levels are especially high in the ETV6-RUNX1 (ER) subtype and in a subset of B-other samples. We also define 31 genes that are co-expressed with RAG1 (RAG1-signature) in the ER subtype, a signature that also identifies this subset of B-other samples. Moreover, this subset also shares leukemia and pro-B gene expression signatures as well as high levels of the ETV6 target genes (BIRC7, WBP1L, CLIC5, ANGPTL2) with the ER subtype, indicating that these B-other cases are the recently identified ER-like subtype. We validated our results in a cohort where ER-like has been defined, which confirmed expression of the RAG1-signature in this recently described subtype. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the RAG1-signature identifies the ER-like subtype. As there are no definitive genetic markers to identify this novel subtype, the RAG1-signature represents a means to screen for this leukemia in children.
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| 34. |
- Chen, Dongfeng, et al.
(författare)
-
The Expression Pattern of the Pre-B Cell Receptor Components Correlates with Cellular Stage and Clinical Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precursor-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) signaling represents a crucial checkpoint at the pre-B cell stage. Aberrant pre-BCR signaling is considered as a key factor for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) development. BCP-ALL are believed to be arrested at the pre-BCR checkpoint independent of pre-BCR expression. However, the cellular stage at which BCP-ALL are arrested and whether this relates to expression of the pre-BCR components (IGHM, IGLL1 and VPREB1) is still unclear. Here, we show differential protein expression and copy number variation (CNV) patterns of the pre-BCR components in pediatric BCP-ALL. Moreover, analyzing six BCP-ALL data sets (n = 733), we demonstrate that TCF3-PBX1 ALL express high levels of IGHM, IGLL1 and VPREB1, and are arrested at the pre-B stage. By contrast, ETV6-RUNX1 ALL express low levels of IGHM or VPREB1, and are arrested at the pro-B stage. Irrespective of subtype, ALL with high levels of IGHM, IGLL1 and VPREB1 are arrested at the pre-B stage and correlate with good prognosis in high-risk pediatric BCP-ALL (n = 207). Our findings suggest that BCP-ALL are arrested at different cellular stages, which relates to the expression pattern of the pre-BCR components that could serve as prognostic markers for high-risk pediatric BCP-ALL patients.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Agronomic performance, nitrogen acquisition and water-use efficiency of the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium in a monoculture and intercropped with alfalfa in Scandinavia
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Agronomy for Sustainable Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1774-0746 .- 1773-0155. ; 42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perennial forage grass Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey, commonly known as intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) or by the commercial name Kernza (TM), is being developed as a perennial grain crop, i.e. being bred for its improved agronomic performance and food qualities. Intercropping legumes and grasses is a strategy for improving resource use and sustainability in cropping systems. Here, we show for the first time the agronomic performance of IWG as a perennial cereal grown as a monocrop and as an intercrop (alternate row, 0.5:0.5) with Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa/lucerne) in southern Sweden. The seeds of cycle 3 IWG were accessed from The Land Institute (TLI) of Salinas, Kansas, USA, and used to establish a local seed production plot (in 2014) for the establishment of the perennial systems (in 2016) utilised in this study. Both the monocrop and intercrop were sown with 25 cm row spacing with alternate rows of IWG and alfalfa in the intercrop (i.e. replacement design) with unknown sowing density. Intercropping provided sustained IWG grain production under the dry conditions of 2018, but also in the following year. This was evidently associated with a higher nitrogen accumulation in intercropped practice. Thus, intercropping seems to have stabilised the IWG grain production in the dry conditions of 2018, when the grain production in the intercrop was similar to that of the monocrop in the same year. This result was further supported by the lower discrimination against C-13 (as an indicator of water use efficiency) in the intercrop components compared to the sole crop in 2018. The lower discrimination indicates high water use efficiency in the intercropped IWG in comparison to the IWG in monoculture, and we conclude that intercropping perennial cereal grain crops with legumes provides better growing conditions in terms of nitrogen acquisition, and water status, to cope with more extreme drought spells expected from climate change.
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| 37. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Det fleråriga spannmålet Kernza™ som ett element i växtföljden: En pilotstudie om metoder för att bryta beståndet och dess förfruktseffekter på rödbeta
- 2022
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fleråriga spannmål, baljväxter och oljeväxter representerar ett paradigmskifte inom jordbruket och har potential att bidra till ökad hållbarhet i produktionssystemen1 . En flerårig spannmålsgröda, såsom perenn vetegräs (Kernza™; Thinopyrum intermedium; bild 1) har många miljömässiga fördelar jämfört med ettårig spannmål2,3,4. I ekologiska växtföljder använder vi fleråriga vallgrödor för att bryta livscykeln för ogräs5 och för att bygga upp markens bördighet och kvalitet6 . Här kan Kernza™ utgöra ett alternativ med sin tilläggstjänst för att producera en kärnskörd för humankonsumtion. Icke-kemiska metoder för att bryta en flerårig örtartad gröda är önskvärt i ekologisk där vallar ofta plöjs. Plöjning kan ha positiva effekter på markstrukturen men negativa effekter på markens innehåll av organiskt material7 , aktiv markmikrobiell biomassa8 , daggmaskförekomst9 och därmed jordens bördighet och kvalitet10. Vidare bygger ogräshanteringen i ekologisk produktion främst på mekanisk markstörning, så som falsk såbädd innan huvudgrödan etableras11 eller radhackning i de redan etablerade grödorna12. Forskning på odlingsåtgärder i ett odlingssystemperspektiv är viktigt för att vi ska kunna dra nytta av de många funktioner som fleråriga spannmålsgrödor, som Kernza™, erbjuder. Forskning om växtföljdseffekter av IWG är fortfarande begränsad. Detta faktablad presenterar resultaten från ett försök där ett femårigt bestånd av Kernza™ avbrutits och använts för odling av rödbeta (Beta vulgaris subsp. Vulgaris, bild 2). I det ena försöket tittade vi på tre olika strategier för att bryta beståndet med Kernza™ och följde därefter förfruktseffekter av Kernza™ på rödbeta. I våra studier har vi testat följande hypoteser: När vi avslutar ett bestånd Kernza™ så antar vi att oönskad återväxt av Kernza™ är lägre efter djupare än efter mera grund jordbearbetning. När vi avslutar ett bestånd Kernza™ så antar vi att skörden av den efterföljande rotfrukten, rödbetan, samt ogrästillväxten, lägst efter djupare än efter mera grund jordbearbetning. När vi avslutar ett bestånd Kernza™ så antar vi att markens egenskaper är bättre bevarade efter ytligare än efter djupare jordbearbetning.
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| 38. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria
(författare)
-
Determining the footprint of breeding in the seed microbiome of a perennial cereal
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Environmental Microbiome. - 2524-6372. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Seed endophytes have a significant impact on plant health and fitness. They can be inherited and passed on to the next plant generation. However, the impact of breeding on their composition in seeds is less understood. Here, we studied the indigenous seed microbiome of a recently domesticated perennial grain crop (Intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium L.) that promises great potential for harnessing microorganisms to enhance crop performance by a multiphasic approach, including amplicon and strain libraries, as well as molecular and physiological assays.Results Intermediate wheatgrass seeds harvested from four field sites in Europe over three consecutive years were dominated by Proteobacteria (88%), followed by Firmicutes (10%). Pantoea was the most abundant genus and Pantoea agglomerans was identified as the only core taxon present in all samples. While bacterial diversity and species richness were similar across all accessions, the relative abundance varied especially in terms of low abundant and rare taxa. Seeds from four different breeding cycles (TLI C3, C5, C704, C801) showed significant differences in bacterial community composition and abundance. We found a decrease in the relative abundance of the functional genes nirK and nifH as well as a drop in bacterial diversity and richness. This was associated with a loss of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacilli, which could be partially compensated in offspring seeds, which have been cultivated at a new site. Interestingly, only a subset assigned to potentially beneficial bacteria, e.g. Pantoea, Kosakonia, and Pseudomonas, was transmitted to the next plant generation or shared with offspring seeds.Conclusion Overall, this study advances our understanding of the assembly and transmission of endophytic seed microorganisms in perennial intermediate wheatgrass and highlights the importance of considering the plant microbiome in future breeding programs.
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| 39. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria
(författare)
-
Earthworm populations and diversity under annual and perennial wheat in a North to South gradient in Western Europe
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Biology. - 1164-5563 .- 1778-3615. ; 119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The challenge to sustain food security while halting the loss of biodiversity and soil quality might be achieved by a transformation in agriculture from high-input management of annual crops to a more nature-based solution introducing perennial cropping systems. This study analysed earthworm communities (numbers, biomass, ecological categories) and diversity over two years, from annual wheat and perennial intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium, Kernza (R)) within the EU-Biodiversa project NAPERDIV from Southern to Northern Europe. Study sites in France, Belgium and Sweden represented diverse soil, climatic and plant growth conditions. In total, 16 species were identified with IWG in France having the highest (13) and annual wheat in Belgium and Sweden the lowest (7) species numbers. Improved biodiversity under perennial wheat was indicated by alpha-diversity indices (Simpson index, Shannon-Weaver index, Evenness). Earthworm abundance and biomass were generally significantly higher in IWG across the three sites (GLMM model). The overall mean earthworm number under IWG was 424.7 No. m(-2) compared to 164.7 No. m(-2) for annual wheat. Mean earthworm biomass under IWG was 83.7 g m(-2) relative to 45.9 g m(-2) under annual wheat, respectively. Remarkably, mean number of juvenile earthworms was several times higher on IWG sites relative to the annual comparatives. Moreover, endogeic and epigeic earthworms were supported on the IWG plots. Beta diversity (Sorensen coefficient) emphasised highest similarity between Belgium and Sweden and lowest between France and Sweden, indicating a possible South to North distribution within Western Europe. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed discrete clusters for study sites and species distribution (including the subtypes of Allolobophora chlorotica) in relation to soil parameters (pH, soil texture, TOC, TN, WHC, C-N ratio). The CCA additionally discriminated between annual and perennial plots in France. In summary, earthworm communities were more diverse under IWG and seemed to follow a South to North gradient.
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| 40. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
En perenn revolution i jordbruket?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: YstadNatur.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det sägs att perenna, dvs. fleråriga, grödor är nästa revolution i jordbruket! I nuläget använder vi redan perenner i våra vallar och betesmarker, men kanske kan perenn stråsäd, t ex Kernza, utgöra ett väsentligt bidrag eftersom den har visat sig ha många miljömässiga fördelar jämfört med till exempel ettårigt vete. Förra året etablerades den första bruksodlingen av Kernza i Europa, i Högestad utanför Ystad.
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| 41. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the use of edible and evergreen perennials in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 15, s. 84-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed a field experiment to investigate the survival and vitality of perennial plants in a living wall installed in an industrial area in Malmo, southern Sweden. The main aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of growing edible and evergreen perennial plants in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate. We conclude that the edible perennial plants Allium schoenoprasum, Calamintha nepeta, and Fragaria vesca are feasible in living wall systems in the Scandinavian climate. Thymus vulgaris is sensitive to the Scandinavian climate, and performed equally poorly in Rockwool panels and in soil-filled containers (controls). We also conclude that the evergreen perennial plant species Chamaecyparis pisifera, Euonymus fortuneii, Euphorbia polychroma, Vinca minor, and Waldsteinia ternata can be grown in green walls, and that the edible evergreen plant Vaccinium vitis-idea is highly suitable for living walls in this climatic region. A. schoenoprasum, C. pisifera, E. fortuneii, I. crenata, L. sylvatica, V. minor, and V. vitis-idea showed 100% survival rates, however, the visual quality of e.g. I. crenata and L. sylvatica was not acceptable for ornamental purposes. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Markens minsta invånare i produktionsgräsmarker
- 2020
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att uppnå ett mera hållbart jordbruk, är det viktigt att vi förlitar oss mer på ekosystemens egna funktioner, istället för externa och syntetiska resurser. Marken blir alltmer erkänd som en viktig resurs som behöver förvaltas på ett bra sätt. I nuläget saknas det tillräckligt med kunskaps- och erfarenhetsunderlag, samt möjligheter för lokal anpassning, för att vi ska kunna ge goda och säkra råd om förvaltningen av markens minsta innevånare och deras funktioner. Därför bedriver vi forskning om hur markens bördighet och mikroorganismer påverkas av hur vi brukar jorden och hur vi kan använda denna kunskap för att förbättra våra produktionssystem med avseende på markens förmåga att förse oss med ekosystemtjänster. Här presenterar vi resultat från en Europeisk studie över mikroorganismer i gräsmarker med olika skötselintensitet.
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| 43. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria
(författare)
-
Methods of establishing species-rich meadow biotopes in urban areas
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 103, s. 134-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biodiversity of meadow vegetation can be preserved in several ways, ranging from the conservation of historical traditionally managed meadows to the establishment of new meadow biotopes managed with modern machinery. Municipal plans often state that the value of natural habitats and the quality or functionality of green infrastructure should be improved. This requires scientific knowledge on the creation of new habitats with distinctive ecosystem services in the urban and peri-urban landscape. This paper presents a re-analysis of the results of research on methods of establishing species-rich grassland vegetation in the urban setting carried out in Sweden during the 1980s. It was found that hay or straw, used as mulch to protect meadow plant seeds, improved the success of establishment (higher number of individuals per m(2)) compared to establishment on bare soil. The use of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a nursery plant also improved the establishment compared to bare soil, whereas using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a nursery plant had no effect on the establishment of meadow species. The stripping method used to break up an existing sward did not affect the success of sown meadow plant species establishment, whereas broader strips improved the longer-term establishment (four years after sowing). The gapping method used to open up a closed grass sward was, however, important; sward removal resulted in successful establishment of meadow plant species, while burning did not. Gap size was found to be important for the establishment success rate of sown meadow plant species in the longer term (three years after sowing). Generally, the number of individuals per m(2) was higher in the first year than the second year after sowing and Leucanthemum vulgare and Rumex acetosa showed the highest number of individuals per m2 among the species included in the experiments. Planting plug plants directly in a closed grass lawn sward was found to be very successful, and the rate of survival was high. Further research is required on methods of establishing meadow plant species or meadow biotopes in an urban context, including the investigation of conflicting views on land use and residents' needs in urban and peri-urban areas. The ways in which constructed meadow biotopes contribute to the fulfilment of environmental goals and provide ecological functions and ecosystem service should also be assessed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Mykorrhiza i jorden i lågintensiv, artrik biomassproduktion
- 2020
-
Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att uppnå ett mera hållbart jordbruk, är det viktigt att vi förlitar oss mer på ekosystemens egna funktioner, istället för externa och syntetiska resurser. Marken blir alltmer erkänd som en viktig resurs som behöver förvaltas på ett bra sätt. I nuläget saknas det tillräckligt med kunskaps- och erfarenhetsunderlag, samt möjligheter för lokal anpassning, för att vi ska kunna ge goda och säkra råd om förvaltningen av markens minsta innevånare och deras funktioner. Därför bedriver vi forskning om hur markens bördighet och mikroorganismer påverkas av hur vi brukar jorden och hur vi kan använda denna kunskap för att förbättra våra produktionssystem med avseende på markens förmåga att förse oss med ekosystemtjänster. Här presenterar vi resultat från en Europeisk studie över mikroorganismer i gräsmarker med olika skötselintensitet.
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| 45. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria
(författare)
-
Perennial cereal grain cultivation: Implication on soil organic matter and related soil microbial parameters
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393 .- 1873-0272. ; 174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel perennial grains in agriculture have the potential of providing soil ecosystem services and boosting plant-soil microbial relationships via increasing soil organic matter (SOM). Hence, we evaluated the implication of perennial intermediate wheatgrass agroecosystems (+/− alfalfa intercrop) in contrast to organic and conventional rotation systems on SOM and related soil microbial parameters. Soil samples were obtained from perennial intermediate wheatgrass (IWG), sole (IWG-SC) or intercropped with alfalfa (IWG-IC), as well as organic (ORG-A) and conventional (CON-A) rotation systems of annual wheat. Soil samples were taken in two depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm) and analyzed for total and fractionated soil organic C (SOC), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), basal microbial respiration (Rb), potential enzyme activities related to C and N cycling (Cellobiohydrolase (CBH), Leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP)), and abundance of functional genes related to N cycling (amoA, nifH) and 16S rRNA genes. Despite the lack of fertilization in the IWG systems, SOC concentration and the amount of C in the particulate organic matter were higher in the 30–60 cm depth of IWG systems than ORG-A and CON-A. Higher MBN and LAP activities were observed in the 0–30 cm depth of ORG-A than both IWG and CON-A. Mass specific CBH activities and metabolic quotient qCO2 were lower in the 30–60 cm depth of IWG systems, implying reduced C losses and high C use efficiency in these systems. Similarly, we observed higher amounts of 16S rRNA in the 30–60 cm depth of IWGs than ORG-A and CON-A. Hence, IWG systems increased SOC and microbial biomass and activities in the 30–60 cm depth than ORG-A and CON-A. However, the more diverse IWG (+ alfalfa intercrop) did not increase microbial biomass and activities than IWG monoculture. Our study provides a reflection of how perennial grain agroecosystems, in conjunction with organic rotation systems, induce a positive influence on SOC and microbial activities than CON-A. It further suggested that perennial grain cultivation goes beyond the reach of organic farming dominated by annual crops to induce SOC and support relevant soil microbial functions in subsoils.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The Perennial Grain Crop Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey (Kernza (TM)) as an Element in Crop Rotations: A Pilot Study on Termination Strategies and Pre-Crop Effects on a Subsequent Root Vegetable
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Agriculture. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0472. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) may benefit soil fertility in crop rotations. To investigate termination strategies, i.e., autumn ploughing (AP), autumn harrowing (AH) and spring harrowing (SH) on a five-year-old IWG stand, a pilot study was performed. After the treatments, beetroots were sown and the IWG plants were counted twice during the beetroot growing season. The number of IWG plants was highest (20) after the SH strategy, intermediate (14) after the AH, and lowest (3) after the conventional termination strategy, AP. After the first plant count, the plots were subject to mechanical weeding in the form of a stale seedbed (i.e., harrowing twice before sowing). At beetroot harvest, the number of IWG plants was low (3 in SH and AH, 0 in AP) and similar between the treatments. The beetroot production was highest after AP and lowest in SH, and intermediary in AH, which showed no difference from AP and SH. At beetroot harvest, the weed biomass did not differ between the termination strategies. The weeds were mainly annuals. There were no differences in soil bulk density between termination strategies. Our results show that shallow soil tillage is enough to terminate IWG, as long as it repeated. We suggest further studies that investigate the dynamics of crop sequences with IWG, and how to benefit from this crop in rotations.
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| 49. |
- Dimitrova Mårtensson, Linda-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Water use efficiency and shoot biomass production under water limitation is negatively correlated to the discrimination against 13C in the C3 grasses Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea and Phalaris arundinacea
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0981-9428 .- 1873-2690. ; 113, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change impacts rainfall patterns which may lead to drought stress in rain-fed agricultural systems. Crops with higher drought tolerance are required on marginal land with low precipitation or on soils with low water retention used for biomass production. It is essential to obtain plant breeding tools, which can identify genotypes with improved drought tolerance and water use efficiency (WOE). In C-3 plant species, the variation in discrimination against C-13(Delta,13C) during photosynthesis has been shown to be a potential indicator for WOE, where discrimination against C-13 and WUE were negatively correlated. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in the discrimination against C-13 between species and cultivars of three perennial C-3 grasses (Dactylis glomerate (cocksfoot), Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) and Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass)) and test the relationships between discrimination against C-13, season-long water use WUEB, shoot and root biomass production in plants grown under well-watered and water-limited conditions. The grasses were grown in the greenhouse and exposed to two irrigation regimes, which corresponded to 25% and 60% water holding capacity, respectively. We found negative relationships between discrimination against C-13 and WUEB and between discrimination against C-13 and shoot biomass production, under both the well-watered and water-limited growth conditions (p < 0.001). Discrimination against C-13 decreased in response to water limitation (p < 0.001). We found interspecific differences in the discrimination against C-13, WUEB, and shoot biomass production, where the cocksfoot cultivars showed lowest and the reed canary grass cultivars highest values of discrimination against C-13. Cocksfoot cultivars also showed highest WUEB, shoot biomass production and potential tolerance to water limitation. We conclude that discrimination against C-13 appears to be a useful indicator, when selecting C-3 grass crops for biomass production under drought conditions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Kim, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic management accounting for change and flexibility
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Public Sector Accounting. - : Routledge. - 9781032282510 - 9781003295945 ; , s. 111-123
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In public sector organizations, strategies and management accounting are often developed with the ambition of providing a combination of long-term objectives and short-term evaluations. This combination is sometimes labelled Strategic Management Accounting (SMA). The purpose of this chapter is to enhance our knowledge about SMA in the public sector context. We do this through a qualitative study of the Swedish Public Employment Service, which in 2020 launched a new strategic direction to manage changes in the agency’s environment, along with a balance scorecard (BSC). The research question for this case was: How is the BSC used by a public sector agency as an SMA tool? Our results show that the agency’s operational managers and controllers use the BSC as an SMA tool to create active management and control, while at the same time being reactive with a short-term focus. We address these results in relation to an idea of flexibilization, more specifically the desire to become a flexible agency that can change and adapt to short-term changes.
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