| 1. |
- Ehn, Mattias, 1972-
(författare)
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Life Strategies, Work and Health in People with Usher Syndrome
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: People with Usher syndrome (USH) have an inherited disorder causing congenital deafness or hearing loss combined with progressive vision loss and, in some cases, balance problems. Previous research has shown that people with USH have poor physical and psychological health. Research has, however, demonstrated that there are in-group health differences that have not yet been explored and that there is a lack of studies on life strategies as well as health in relation to working life.Aim: The aim was to explore the relationship between work and health in people with USH1 and 2 and to explore the experiences of life strategies in people with USH 2.Methods: A quantitative and a qualitative explorative design was employed comprising two cross-sectional studies of the relationship between work and health in people with USH2 (n=67) and USH1 (n=47). The third study, of life strategies, comprised focus group interviews with people with USH2a (n=14) analyzed by content analysis. The fourth study explored the lived experiences of working life by interviewing people with USH2 (n=7) using an interpretative phenomenological approach.Results: Study 1 and 2 demonstrated significant differences in health between working and nonworking people. Nonworking people showed significantly poorer health. In study 3, a variety of strategies to prevent and resolve challenges in life, as well as to comfort oneself was identified. The lived experiences of working life in people with USH2 (study 4) disclosed feelings of satisfaction, striving towards a work life balance. Work also disclosed feelings of limitations and uncertainty about the future.Conclusion: The results, which are discussed in relation to the Meikirsh model of health, demonstrated a complexity. Individual life strategies, psychological flexibility and environmental aspects, such as social determinants have to be considered to receive a comprehensive picture of the relationship between work and health in people with USH. This thesis provides new insights into the health of people with USH.
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| 2. |
- Ehn, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between work and health in persons with Usher syndrome type 2
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. - New York, USA : American Foundation for the Blind. - 0145-482X .- 1559-1476. ; 110:4, s. 233-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Persons with deafblindness may have additional physical and psychological health problems. In this study we have focused on health from a work-life perspective in persons with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2), a disorder with sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work and disability pension and physical and psychological health in persons with USH2.Methods: Participants were recruited from the Swedish Usher database. Eighty-four persons (aged 18 to 65 years) received a health-related questionnaire and 67 (36 women and 31 men) agreed to participate. The participants formed two groups (working group, n = 34; disability pension group, n = 33). A Swedish Health on Equal Terms questionnaire comprising questions on psychological and physical health, living conditions, work activity, and social relationships was used. A chi-square test of significance was used with a significance level of p < 0.05.Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of age, gender, degree of hearing loss, visual acuity, or visual field loss. The working group had statistically significant better health compared to the disability pension group in areas such as being overweight, handling problems, concentration, feeling unhappy, depressive symptoms, and feelings of worthlessness. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were significantly more common in the disability pension group.Discussion: Persons with USH2 generally reported very poor physical and psychological health, with significant differences between persons who were working and those who were not. This study highlights the need for early rehabilitation, vocational training, and opportunities to access the labor market. Implications for practitioners: It is important that persons with USH2 receive vocational support from an early age and that professionals in the field of rehabilitation always include work activity as a key element of interventions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Arellano, Santiago, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3516 .- 1866-3508. ; 13:3, s. 1167-1188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic SO2. Although space-based observations have provided this global insight into some aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions, historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain. Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of SO2 flux and plume parameters obtained during the period March 2005 to January 2017 of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation, and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of global volcanic emission. Datasets for each volcano are made available at https://novac.chalmers.se (last access: 1 October 2020) under the CC-BY 4 license or through the DOI (digital object identifier) links provided in Table 1.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Kristian F., et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Recurrent Fracture Risk and Implementation of Fracture Liaison Services in Four Swedish Hospitals: A Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:7, s. 1216-1223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Structured secondary preventions programs, called fracture liaison services (FLSs), increase the rate of evaluation with bone densitometry and use of osteoporosis medication after fracture. However, the evidence regarding the effect on the risk of recurrent fracture is insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate if implementation of FLS was associated with reduced risk of recurrent fractures. In this retrospective cohort study, electronic health records during 2012 to 2017 were used to identify a total of 21,083 patients from four hospitals in Western Sweden, two with FLS (n = 15,449) and two without (n = 5634). All patients aged 50 years or older (mean age 73.9 [SD 12.4] years, 76% women) with a major osteoporotic index fracture (hip, clinical spine, humerus, radius, and pelvis) were included. The primary outcome was recurrent major osteoporotic fracture. All patients with an index fracture during the FLS period (n = 13,946) were compared with all patients in the period before FLS implementation (n = 7137) in an intention-to-treat analysis. Time periods corresponding to the FLS hospitals were used for the non-FLS hospitals. In the hospitals with FLSs, there were 1247 recurrent fractures during a median follow-up time of 2.2 years (range 0–6 years). In an unadjusted Cox model, the risk of recurrent fracture was 18% lower in the FLS period compared with the control period (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.92, p = 0.001), corresponding to a 3-year number needed to screen of 61, and did not change after adjustment for clinical risk factors. In the hospitals without FLSs, no change in recurrent fracture rate was observed. Treatment decisions were made according to the Swedish treatment guidelines. In conclusion, implementation of FLS was associated with a reduced risk of recurrent fracture, indicating that FLSs should be included routinely at hospitals treating fracture patients. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 8. |
- Bersellini Farinotti, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage-binding antibodies induce pain through immune complex-mediated activation of neurons
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 216:8, s. 1904-1924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis-associated joint pain is frequently observed independent of disease activity, suggesting unidentified pain mechanisms. We demonstrate that antibodies binding to cartilage, specific for collagen type II (CII) or cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), elicit mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, uncoupled from visual, histological and molecular indications of inflammation. Cartilage antibody-induced pain-like behavior does not depend on complement activation or joint inflammation, but instead on tissue antigen recognition and local immune complex (IC) formation. smFISH and IHC suggest that neuronal Fcgr1 and Fcgr2b mRNA are transported to peripheral ends of primary afferents. CII-ICs directly activate cultured WT but not FcRγ chain-deficient DRG neurons. In line with this observation, CII-IC does not induce mechanical hypersensitivity in FcRγ chain-deficient mice. Furthermore, injection of CII antibodies does not generate pain-like behavior in FcRγ chain-deficient mice or mice lacking activating FcγRs in neurons. In summary, this study defines functional coupling between autoantibodies and pain transmission that may facilitate the development of new disease-relevant pain therapeutics.
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| 9. |
- Claudio, P., et al.
(författare)
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Geochemical modelling application for a 1-d arsenic reactive transport study in alluvial aquifers, Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. - 2035-8008. ; 6, s. 364-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanistic modelling was used to investigate the hydrochemical evolution along a vertical column, should cross-contamination occur. 1-D reactive transport was carried out to assess sorption effects on aqueous/solid arsenic distribution in Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh. Thermodynamic relationships between aqueous ions and aquifer materials have been investigated: comparison between redox couples shows electrochemical disequilibrium; sorption mainly occurs on weak and strong Hydrous Ferric-Oxides, described by the Surface Complexation Mode. The basis for reactive transport calculations is given by a static model, that evaluates the competing ions net effect: they reduce by ca. 50% arsenic bounding. Desorption process alone can give unacceptable As (aq) concentrations, starting from only a few mg/kg As (sorb). Redox zonation was the starting point for the model conception, which allowed calculating the contamination evolution in an oxidising As-low aquifer. Groundwater analysis is worked out for a 20 cells column of aquifer material, whose top represents the upper reducing aquifer, the bottom the oxidising aquifer; contamination takes place through an As-rich solution percolating into the column. Results are a function of the flow velocity, that needs to be carefully defined before further modelling.
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| 10. |
- Collin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Undermatching butt welds in high strength steel
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sustainable infrastructure. - Zürich : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. - 9783857481215 ; , s. 280-281
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dehghannejad, Mahdieh, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution reflection seismic imaging for the planning of a double-train-track tunnel in the city of Varberg, southwest Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Near Surface Geophysics. - : EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS. - 1569-4445 .- 1873-0604. ; 15:3, s. 226-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly developed broadband digital-based seismic landstreamer system was employed for the planning of a double-train-track tunnel in the city of Varberg, southwest Sweden. Twenty-five seismic profiles, totalling more than 7.5 km of data, were acquired using a 2-to 4-m receiver and source spacing. At places where it was not possible to move the streamer such as road crossings, wireless recorders connected to 28-Hz geophones were used. In addition to the earlier refraction data analysis and first-break traveltime tomographic modelling, reflection processing of the data was considered in this study, given the realisation of reflections in raw shot gathers and their good quality. Bedrock is strongly reflective in most cases but is not evident in the sections when it gets near the surface. Bedrock undulation is noticeable in most reflection sections, and at one occasion, strong diffraction is observed in the bedrock or near to it. The diffraction is originated, not known during the survey, from a 400-m3 cylindrical (of about 3-m-height and 13-m-diameter) concrete-made fire-protection water tank situated in the bedrock and used in emergency situations. Reflection seismic data greatly complement the tomographic models and support deep bedrock where the excavation of the tunnel is planned in downtown Varberg. This interpretation implies different reinforcements and tunnel construction methods (e.g., roofed concrete) at this section of the tunnel. In addition, weakness zones associated with fracture systems are inferred from the reflection characteristics and in conjunction with the velocity models requiring verification by additional boreholes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Edman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of enhanced tree growth rate on the decay capacities of three saprotrophic wood-fungi
- 2006
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 232:1-3, s. 12-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of Scandinavian boreal forests has changed in many ways as a result of modern intensive forestry. One of the most fundamental changes is the loss of coarse woody debris (CWD), which has adversely affected many wood-inhabiting species. The consequences of reductions in CWD and its variability have received much attention in the literature recently. However, a neglected substratum change with possible profound ecological implications is enhanced tree growth rate due to forestry practices such as thinning and fertilization. In the study presented here we investigated how tree growth rate influenced the decay capacity of two threatened species, Phlebia centrifuga and Fomitopsis rosea, and a common species, F. pinicola, of saprotrophic wood-decay fungi. Their decay capacity was measured as the weight loss they caused in Picea abies wood-discs categorised as fast-, moderately-, and slow-grown. The results show that the rates of decay caused by all three species were highest in fast-grown wood cut in thinnings, and lowest in slow-grown wood cut in extensively managed stands. None of the stands had been fertilised. Interestingly, rate of decay caused by the common generalist fungus F. pinicola was 50% higher in fast-grown wood than in slow-grown wood, suggesting that the turnover of dead wood is much higher in intensively managed forests. Thus, the time window for wood-living species to colonize CWD, which is a transient habitat even in old-growth forests, is even shorter in intensively managed forests. This may adversely affect species with poor dispersal ability. Moreover, F. rosea decayed the slow-grown wood significantly more rapidly than the other species. This suggests that it may be adapted to such substrates, and that F. rosea may be favoured in old-growth forests where trees generally have slower growth rates than in managed forest. For P. centrifuga, there was a large variation in its decay capacity among genets, indicating a need for further studies on the genetics of threatened wood-fungi, given the species’ fragmented distribution.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ehn, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Health, work, social trust, and financial situation in persons with Usher syndrome type 1
- 2018
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 60:2, s. 209-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research has demonstrated that persons with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) have significantly poorer physical and psychological health compared to a reference group.PURPOSE: To explore the relation between work, health, social trust, and financial situation in USH1 compared to a reference group.MATERIAL: Sixty-six persons (18-65 y) from the Swedish Usher database received a questionnaire and 47 were included, 23 working and 24 non-working. The reference group comprised 3,049 working and 198 non-working persons.METHODS: The Swedish Health on Equal Terms questionnaire was used and statistical analysis with multiple logistic regression was conducted.RESULTS: The USH1 non-work group had a higher Odds ratio (95% CI) in poor psychological and physical health, social trust, and financial situation compared to the USH1 work group and reference groups. Age, gender, hearing, and vision impairment did not explain the differences. The relation between the USH1 work and non-work groups showed the same pattern as the reference groups, but the magnitude of problems was significantly higher.CONCLUSIONS: Both disability and unemployment increased the risk of poor health, social trust and financial situation in persons with USH1, but having an employment seemed to counteract the risks related to disability.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ehn, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Life strategies of people with deafblindness due to Usher syndrome type 2a-a qualitative study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To explore life strategies in people with Usher syndrome type 2a.Background: There are no studies on life strategies in people with Usher syndrome. People with deafblindness are often described in terms of poor health and low quality of life, or as being vulnerable. From a clinical point of view, it is of importance to balance this picture, with an increased knowledge of life strategies.Methods: The study had a qualitative explorative design. Fourteen people aged 20-64 years (4 women, 10 men) with USH2a in Sweden participated in focus group interviews, which were transcribed and analysed by qualitative content analysis.Results: The content analysis resulted in seven categories; remaining active, using devices, using support, sharing knowledge, appreciating the present, maintaining a positive image and alleviating emotional pain. Two sub-themes: resolve or prevent challenges and comforting oneself was abstracted forming a theme "being at the helm".Conclusion: The findings show that people with USH2a have a variety of life strategies that can be interpreted as highlighting different aspects of psychological flexibility in a life adjustment process. The study demonstrates that people with USH2a manage in many ways, and metaphorically, by "taking the helm", they strive to actively navigate towards their own chosen values.
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| 19. |
- Ehn, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The lived experiences of work and health of people living with deaf-blindness due to Usher syndrome type 2
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Co-Action Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aimed to explore lived experiences with working life from the perspective of people with deafblindness due to Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2).Background: A limited number of studies have explored working life of people with Usher syndrome. One study of individuals with USH2 showed that work active reported significantly better psychological health compared to non-working individuals.Methods: Seven participants aged 38-50 years with USH2 participated in interviews analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: The analyses yielded four themes showing that work is a source of satisfaction and a commitment that needs to be balanced. It is also associated with facing limitations and feelings of uncertainty.Conclusion: Based on the psychology of work model we have demonstrated that work is associated with social connectedness, self-determination and a source of improved health outcomes. There are however also potential health hazards in people with USH2, indicating a need for balance between individual needs and resources, and an adapted environment, for maintaining or regaining health for actively working people with USH2.
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| 20. |
- Elfsberg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Studies of Anode and Cathode Materials in a Repetitive Driven Axial Vircator
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 36, s. 688-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repetitive use of a high-power microwave (HPM) radiation source implies strong erosion on cathode and anode materials. Electrode material endurance has been studied in a series of experiments with an axial vircator powered by a compact Marx generator. The Marx generator operated in a 10 Hz repetitive mode with a burst of ten pulses. Velvet and graphite was used as electron-emitting materials, and they showed markedly different pulse characteristics. Three different anode materials were used; stainless steel mesh, stainless steel wires and molybdenum wires, which all had different influence on the pulse characteristics.
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| 21. |
- Elfsberg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies on a coaxial vircator, designed for operation in TE11 mode
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc. of Pulse Power Conference (PPC 2011). ; , s. 811-814
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments on a coaxial vircator have been performed. A vircator is a narrow band high power microwave source without any external generated magnetic field [1]. A coaxial vircator is an advantageous design of a microwave radiation source for a compact HPM-system. With a limited size and outer diameter it is possible to use a larger emitting area compared to an axial design. A conventional coaxial vircator will generate the radiation in TM01 mode, due to its geometrical properties. For a compact HPM-system, radiation in TE11 mode is preferred when the radiated energy needs to be focused on a specific target. For operation in TE11 mode a sectioned emitter can be used rather than a circumcircular. The efficiency of the vircator can be greatly improved by optimizing the geometry of the vircator housing. The impedance of the pulsed power supply driving the vircator and the impedance of the vircator, depending on the A-K gap and amount of emitting material, is also important for maximizing the vircator efficiency. For the experiments reported on, the vircator was driven by a 500 kV/500 J compact Marx generator that can be operated repetitively at 10 Hz. For these experiments, the Marx generator was operating in single shot mode. During the experiments presented here, a couple of geometrical features were varied as well as the applied voltage. Their influence on the radiated field strength, dominating frequency and bandwidth are reported on and discussed.
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| 22. |
- Enoksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Intraperitoneal influx of neutrophils in response to IL-33 is mast cell-dependent
- 2013
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 121:3, s. 530-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IL-33 is a recently discovered cytokine involved in induction of Th2 responses and functions as an alarmin. Despite numerous recent studies targeting IL-33, its role in vivo is incompletely understood. Here we investigated inflammatory responses to intraperitoneal IL-33 injections in wild-type and mast cell–deficient mice. We found that wild-type mice, but not mast cell–deficient Wsh/Wsh mice, respond to IL-33 treatment with neutrophil infiltration to the peritoneum, whereas other investigated cell types remained unchanged. In Wsh/Wsh mice, the IL-33–induced innate neutrophil response could be rescued by local reconstitution with wild-type but not with T1/ST2−/− mast cells, demonstrating a mast cell–dependent mechanism. Furthermore, we found this mechanism to be partially dependent on mast cell–derived TNF, as we observed reduced neutrophil infiltration in Wsh/Wsh mice reconstituted with TNF−/− bone marrow–derived mast cells compared with those reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow–derived mast cells. In agreement with our in vivo findings, we demonstrate that humanneutrophils migrate toward the supernatant of IL-33–treated human mast cells. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-33 activates mast cells in vivo to recruit neutrophils, a mechanism dependent on IL-33R expression on peritoneal mast cells. Mast cells activated in vivo by IL-33 probably play an important role in inflammatory reactions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Gummesson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education : development and exploration of social validity
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6920. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders.Aim: The aim of our work was to define Core EPAs for undergraduate medical education and further explore the social validity of the constructs.Method and material: In a nationwide collaboration, EPAs were developed using a modified Delphi procedure and validated according to EQual by a group consisting of teachers nominated from each of the seven Swedish medical schools, two student representatives, and an educational developer (n = 16). In the next step, social validity was explored in a nationwide survey. The survey introduced the suggested EPAs. For each EPA, the importance of the EPA was rated, as was the rater’s perception of the present graduates’ required level of supervision when performing the activity. Free-text comments were also included and analyzed.Results: Ten Core EPAs were defined and validated. The validation scores for EQual ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. The nationwide survey had 473 responders. All activities were rated as “important” by most responders, ranging from 54 to 96%. When asked how independent current graduates were in performing the ten activities, 6 to 35% reported “independent”. The three themes of the free text comments were: ‘relevant target areas and content’; ‘definition of the activities’; and ‘clinical practice and learning’.Conclusion: Ten Core EPAs were defined and assessed as relevant for Swedish undergraduate medical education. There was a consistent gap between the perceived importance and the certainty that the students could perform these professional activities independently at the time of graduation. These results indicate that the ten EPAs may have a role in undergraduate education by creating clarity for all stakeholders.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hult, Annika K., et al.
(författare)
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GBGT1 is allelically diverse but dispensable in humans and naturally occurring anti-FORS1 shows an ABO-restricted pattern
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132. ; 58:8, s. 2036-2045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The FORS histo-blood group system was described in 2013 and much remains to be investigated regarding its genetic and immunohematologic characteristics, as well as its clinical importance. While presence of the c.887G>A-mutated GBGT1 gene, which results in FORS1 glycosphingolipid expression on human red blood cells (RBCs), is rare in the populations tested so far, naturally occurring anti-FORS1 in plasma appears common. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Erythrogene database was utilized to probe genetic variation in GBGT1 among 2504 individuals in the 1000 Genomes Project. We screened 1108 Swedish blood donors for three principally important single-nucleotide polymorphisms (c.363C>A, c.886C>T, and c.887G>A) and selected samples were analyzed further. Screening for naturally occurring anti-FORS1 in plasma from 100 donors was performed using antigen-positive RBCs. RESULTS: We identified 68 GBGT1 alleles, of which three were previously listed blood group alleles. Eight potential null alleles were observed, based on three different nonsense mutations. Four healthy donors were found homozygous for c.363C>A, which truncates the GBGT1-encoded Fs synthase prematurely. This is the first description of human knock-outs for GBGT1. The c.886C>T mutation that alters the same codon (p.Arg296Trp) changed by c.887G>A (p.Arg296Gln) was overexpressed to investigate if it induces the FORS1+ phenotype. However, c.886C>T did not result in synthesis of FORS1. We detected anti-FORS1 in 10% of all donors tested but none in the A1 or A1B groups. CONCLUSION: We have extended the knowledge of GBGT1 variants, allele frequencies, and the characteristics of naturally occurring antibodies in our newest carbohydrate blood group system, FORS. The finding of c.363C>A-homozygous donors indicates that GBGT1 is dispensable.
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Psychodynamic Guided Self-Help for Adult Depression through the Internet : A Randomised Controlled Trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:5, s. e38021-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background and aims: Psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but not all clients with MDD can receive psychotherapy. Using the Internet to provide psychodynamic treatments is one way of improving access to psychological treatments for MDD. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based psychodynamic guided self-help treatment for MDD. Methods: Ninety-two participants who were diagnosed with MDD according to the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were randomised to treatment or an active control. The treatment consisted of nine treatment modules based on psychodynamic principles with online therapist contact. The active control condition was a structured support intervention and contained psychoeducation and scheduled weekly contacts online. Both interventions lasted for 10 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: Mixed-effects model analyses of all randomised participants showed that participants receiving Internet-based PDT made large and superior improvements compared with the active control group on the BDI-II (between-group Cohen’s d = 1.11). Treatment effects were maintained at a 10-month follow-up. Conclusions: Internet-based psychodynamic guided self-help is an efficacious treatment for MDD that has the potential to increase accessibility and availability of PDT for MDD.
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| 29. |
- Jöud, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of human glycosyltransferase genes expressed in erythroid cells predicts potential carbohydrate blood group loci
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycans are biologically important structures synthesised by glycosyltransferase (GT) enzymes. Disruptive genetic null variants in GT genes can lead to serious illness but benign phenotypes are also seen, including antigenic differences on the red blood cell (RBC) surface, giving rise to blood groups. To characterise known and potential carbohydrate blood group antigens without a known underlying gene, we searched public databases for human GT loci and investigated their variation in the 1000 Genomes Project (1000 G). We found 244 GT genes, distributed over 44 families. All but four GT genes had missense variants or other variants predicted to alter the amino acid sequence, and 149 GT genes (61%) had variants expected to cause null alleles, often associated with antigen-negative blood group phenotypes. In RNA-Seq data generated from erythroid cells, 155 GT genes were expressed at a transcript level comparable to, or higher than, known carbohydrate blood group loci. Filtering for GT genes predicted to cause a benign phenotype, a set of 30 genes remained, 16 of which had variants in 1000 G expected to result in null alleles. Our results identify potential blood group loci and could serve as a basis for characterisation of the genetic background underlying carbohydrate RBC antigens.
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| 30. |
- Kim, Dae-Kyum, et al.
(författare)
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EVpedia: A Community Web Portal for Extracellular Vesicles Research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 31:6, s. 933-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivation: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical bilayered proteolipids, harboring various bioactive molecules. Due to the complexity of the vesicular nomenclatures and components, online searches for EV-related publications and vesicular components are currently challenging. Results: We present an improved version of EVpedia, a public database for EVs research. This community web portal contains a database of publications and vesicular components, identification of orthologous vesicular components, bioinformatic tools and a personalized function. EVpedia includes 6879 publications, 172 080 vesicular components from 263 high-throughput datasets, and has been accessed more than 65 000 times from more than 750 cities. In addition, about 350 members from 73 international research groups have participated in developing EVpedia. This free web-based database might serve as a useful resource to stimulate the emerging field of EV research.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Lindén, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene shore displacement and deglaciation chronology in Norrbotten, Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 1502-3885 .- 0300-9483. ; 35:1, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coastal zone of Norrbotten, northern Sweden, was gradually inundated by the Ancylus Lake following the retreating ice margin and forming a highest coastline approximately 210 m above the present sea level. The succeeding shore displacement is reconstructed based on lithological investigations and radiocarbon datings of identified isolation sequences from 12 cored lake basins. The highest lake basins, along with two basins above the highest shoreline, suggest ice-free conditions already at 10 500 cal. yr BP. This is at least 500 years earlier than previously thought and implies rapid ice-sheet break-up in the Gulf of Bothnia. The shore displacement (RSL) curve represents a forced regression of successively decreasing rate through the Holocene, from 9 m/100 yr to 0.8 m/100 yr. During the first 1000-1200 years, the isostatic uplift is exponentially declining, followed by a constant uplift rate from c. 9500 cal. yr BP to 5500-5000 cal. yr BP. The last 5000 years seem to be characterized by a low but constant rebound rate. The development of the Ancylus Lake stage of the Baltic may also be discerned in the Norrbotten RSL curve, suggesting that the chronology of the Ancylus Lake stages may have to be revised. The Littorina transgression is also reflected by the RSL curve shape. In addition, a series of early to mid-Holocene beach terraces were OSL-dated to allow for comparison with the C-14-dated shore displacement curve. Interpretations of these ages and their relation to former sea levels were clearly more problematic than the dating of the lake basin isolations.
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| 33. |
- Lindén, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Marginal formation of De Geer moraines and their implications to the dynamics of grounding-line recession
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 1099-1417 .- 0267-8179. ; 20:2, s. 113-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- De Geer moraine ridges occur in abundance in the coastal zone of northern Sweden, preferentially in areas with proglacial water depths in excess of 150 m at deglaciation. From detailed sedimentological and structural investigations in machine-dug trenches across De Geer ridges it is concluded that the moraines formed due to subglacial sediment advection to the ice margin during temporary halts in grounding-line retreat, forming gradually thickening sediment wedges. The proximal part of the moraines were built up in submarginal position as stacked sequences of deforming bed diamictons, intercalated with glaciofluvial canal-infill sediments, whereas the distal parts were built up from the grounding line by prograding sediment gravity-flow deposits, distally interfingering with glaciolacustrine sediments. The rapid grounding-line retreat (ca. 400 m yr(-1)) was driven by rapid calving, in turn enhanced by fast iceflow and marginal thinning of ice due to deforming bed conditions. The spatial distribution of the moraine ridges indicates stepwise retreat of the grounding line. It is suggested that this is due to slab and flake calving of the ice cliff above the waterline, forming a gradually widening subaqueous ice ledge which eventually breaks off to a new grounding line, followed by regained sediment delivery and ridge build-up.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Möller, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Studies of the Influence of a Resonance Cavity in an Axial Vircator
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 38:6, s. 1318-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments on an axial virtual-cathode oscillator (vircator) with a resonance cavity enclosing the virtual cathode are reported. The vircator is driven by a repetitive Marx generator operating in a single-shot mode. To be able to separate different radiation mechanisms, the design of the vircator allows adjustment of the cavity depth as well as the way microwave radiation is extracted. The microwave radiation is measured with a pair of free-field B-dot sensors. The maximum field strengths were registered when the bandwidth was very narrow.
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| 36. |
- Möller, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of a vircator with premodulated electron beam
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc. of Pulse Power Conference (PPC 2011)”, Chicago,USA, June 2011.. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 815-818
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An initial experimental study of a vircator where a feedback mechanism is used to premodulate the electron beam has been performed. The anode-cathode gap distance and the applied voltage were varied and their influence on the frequency content and field strength of the generated microwave pulse are investigated and compared with particle in cell simulations. The frequency content of the microwave radiation was in good agreement between experiments and simulations. The vircator was very narrow banded at 2 GHz.
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| 37. |
- Möller, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic field measurement system for HPM research
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proc. of Radiovetenskap och kommunikation (RVK08). ; , s. 86-93
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One method to characterize the radiated microwave field from a high-power microwave (HPM) source is to measure the radiated high-level electromagnetic field in several locations at a high sampling rate registering the frequency time dependence, thus being able to determine the radiated pattern and mode. A complete free-field measurement system for measuring the magnetic field component in high-level electromagnetic fields has been developed at FOI. The system consists of a B-dot sensor and a balun, both designed and constructed at FOI. The B-dot sensor is designed as two cylindrical loop sensors with differential output. The balun is a microstrip design etched on a dual sided PTFE circuit board. Complete systems have been calibrated at SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. A method to analyze the data from the free-field systems has been developed.
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| 38. |
- Möller, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Mentalizing in Young Offenders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychoanalytic psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0736-9735 .- 1939-1331. ; 31:1, s. 84-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to prevent relapse into criminality, it is important to understand what precedes criminal behavior. Two earlier studies found deficits in mentalizing ability to be related to violent and criminal actions. Mentalizing refers to the ability to make human behavior predictable and meaningful by inferring mental states (thoughts, feelings, etc.) as explaining behavior. In this study, mentalizing ability was assessed by rating 42 Adult Attachment Interviews with young male offenders with the Reflective Functioning (RF) scale. In addition, specific mentalizing ability about their crimes was assessed, as well as psychopathy traits (Psychopathy Checklist, Screening Version [PCL: SV]) and alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS]). Results suggest impaired mentalizing in criminal offenders. Examples of anti- and prementalizing reasoning about crimes are presented. RF scores were not correlated with the PCL:SV or TAS.
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| 39. |
- Möller, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Proof of Principle Experiments on Direct Generation of the TE11 Mode in a Coaxial Vircator
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 38:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments on a coaxial vircator with a sectioned emitter are reported. The emitting area is sectioned to form two opposing emitters in order to favor growth of the TE11 mode and inhibit growth of the TM01 mode that is usually excited in a coaxial vircator. Experiments are performed using a compact 320-J 400-kV Marx generator and a compact coaxial vircator built in a standard 8 '' vacuum tube. The radiated magnetic-field strength is measured by means of four free-field (B-dot) probes, and experiments show that sectioning the emitter does, in fact, lead to generation of the TE11 mode.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Möller, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Disruption of a GATA1-binding motif upstream of XG/PBDX abolishes Xga expression and resolves the Xg blood group system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 132:3, s. 334-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Xga blood group is differentially expressed on erythrocytes from men and women. The underlying gene, PBDX, was identified in 1994, but the molecular background for Xga expression remains undefined. This gene, now designated XG, partly resides in pseudoautosomal region 1 and encodes a protein of unknown function from the X chromosome. By comparing calculated Xga allele frequencies in different populations with 2612 genetic variants in the XG region, rs311103 showed the strongest correlation to the expected distribution. The same single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had the most significant impact on XG transcript levels in whole blood (P 5 2.0 3 10222). The minor allele, rs311103C, disrupts a GATA-binding motif 3.7 kb upstream of the transcription start point. This silences erythroid XG messenger RNA expression and causes the Xg(a2) phenotype, a finding corroborated by SNP genotyping in 158 blood donors. Binding of GATA1 to biotinylated oligonucleotide probes with rs311103G but not rs311103C was observed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and proven by mass spectrometry. Finally, a luciferase reporter assay indicated this GATA motif to be active for rs311103G but not rs311103C in HEL cells. By using an integrated bioinformatic and molecular biological approach, we elucidated the underlying genetic basis for the last unresolved blood group system and made Xga genotyping possible.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Novac, Bucur M., et al.
(författare)
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A 10-GW pulsed power supply for HPM sources
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE TRANS PLASMA SCI. ; , s. 1814-1821
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A research activity involving the detailed consideration of novel high-voltage transformers for pulsed-power applications has recently begun at Loughborough University. Although the main goal is the demonstration of a compact and lightweight unit employing magnetic insulation under vacuum conditions, the initial stage of the work is directed toward the development of a conventional air-cored transformer as a main component in a compact power supply for high power microwave sources. In cooperation with the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), the power supply has been tested with a microwave source of the vircator type. The power generator for the system uses a 70-kJ/25-kV capacitor bank and an exploding wire array to generate a 150-kV voltage pulse in the primary circuit of a transformer. A pressurized SF6 spark gap in the secondary circuit sharpens the high-voltage output so that pulses approaching 500 kV and with a rise time well below 100 ns are generated on a 20-Omega high-power resistors With the peak power in excess of 10 GW. Experimental results are presented from final testing of the system, where a reflex triode vircator replaces the 20-Omega resistor. Measurements of the microwave emission using free-field sensors are presented, and comments are made with the microwave emission from the same vircator when powered by a Marx generator at FOI.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Pirholt, Mattias, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Einführung
- 2014. - 1
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Ingår i: "Darum ist die Welt so groß". - Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag Winter. - 9783825362799 ; , s. 11-17
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
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