| 1. |
- Ferritsius, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Bat of CTMP and TMP plants with respect to quality development and energy efficiency
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Mechanical Pulping Conference, IMPC 2014, part of PulPaper 2014 Conference. - : PI.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixteen TMP/CTMP lines aimed for publication and board grades have been compared for energy efficiency with respect to pulp quality development. The pulp property profile and the process design differed substantially, even for similar product grades. A given level of a specific pulp property was reached over a wide range in specific energy. The most energy efficient lines operated at the highest production rates and with high relative speed of the refiner discs. With respect to the final pulp quality there was no obvious influence of how the screen room was equipped. It was possible to develop the fibers in a proper way just by refining of the whole pulp stream.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ferritsius, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Development of fibre properties in mill scale high- And low consistency refining of thermomechanical pulp (Part 1)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : De Gruyter Open Ltd. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 35:4, s. 589-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in fibre properties with high (HC)- and low consistency (LC) refining of TMP and determine how these contribute to tensile index. Two process configurations, one with only HC refining and another with HC refining followed by LC refining were evaluated in three TMP mainline processes in two mills using Norway spruce. An increase in tensile index for a given applied specific energy was similar for all LC refiners in the three lines, despite differences in the fibre property profiles of the feed pulps. Compared with only HC refined pulps at a given tensile index, HC+LC refined pulps had greater fibre wall thickness, similar fibre length, strain at break and freeness, but lower light scattering coefficient, fibre curl and external fibrillation. The degree of internal fibrillation, determined by Simons' stain measurements, was similar for both configurations at a given tensile index. The results indicate that the increase in tensile index in LC refining is largely influenced by a decrease in fibre curl and in HC refining by peeling of the fibre walls. Compared at a given tensile index, the shive content (Somerville mass fraction) was similar for both HC+LC and HC refining.
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| 4. |
- Gorski, Dmitri, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre and fines quality development in pilot scale high and low consistency refining of ATMP
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27, s. 872-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to characterise and compare the development of fibre and fines properties in high consistency (HC) and low consistency (LC) refining of mechanical pulp. Primary refined pulp was produced using the Advanced Thermo-Mechanical Pulp (ATMP) refining process. Pulps were characterized to evaluate external and internal fibrillation, fibre shape and dimensions, surface area of fines and the proportion of split fibres. Based on the results, a different mode of fibre development was proposed for LC and HC refining. The LC refining resulted in a greater reduction in the shives content and R30 Bauer-McNett fibre fraction. The reduced R30 fraction considerably increased the middle fibre fractions; however it showed no further development in terms of surface fibrillation. While HC refining resulted in a significant reduction in fibre wall thickness associated with fibre collapse and increase in external fibrillation, LC refining mainly generated structural changes, seen in fibre straightening and increased flexibility. The HC and LC refined pulps had different property profiles compared at equal handsheet tensile index. The LC refined pulps contained less long fibres and fines but significantly more middle fraction particles. Extensive internal fibrillation of the straighter LC refined fibres appeared to have compensated for lower fines content and external fibrillation, producing well bonded sheets with good tensile strength.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gorski, Dmitri, et al.
(författare)
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Peroxide-based ATMP refining of spruce : energy efficiency, fibre properties and pulp quality
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 26:1, s. 47-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pilot scale refining of White spruce using a modified TMP refining process (ATMP - Advanced Thermomechanical Pulp) was studied. ATMP combines selective wood disintegration by mechanical pretreatment and refining at elevated intensity with chemical treatment after defibration (in this study hydrogen peroxide, alone and in combination with alkali). The electrical energy efficiency and pulp quality using ATMP were evaluated and compared to a conventional TMP process. One goal was to retain the combination of optical properties and strength of typical TMP. Fibre properties (structural dimensions, external and internal fibre development) as well as the amount of split fibres resulting from TMP and ATMP processes were compared. The results indicate an electrical energy efficiency improvement potential of 0.65 MWh/odt (34%) at tensile index 30 N.m/g of ATMP compared to reference TMP. All ATMP pulps retained their TMP character, i.e. the relationships between light scattering coefficient, density, elongation properties and strength that are important for printing paper. ATMP had a significantly lower content of shives and higher external and internal fibre development compared to TMP at equal energy application. The long fibre fraction of ATMP also contained significantly higher amount of split fibres. The brightness of ATMP produced with addition of hydrogen peroxide (28 kg/odt) and magnesium hydroxide (14 kg/odt) was 14 ISO % higher compared to TMP.
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| 7. |
- Gorski, Dmitri, et al.
(författare)
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Role of equipment configuration and process chemicals in peroxide-based ATMP refining of spruce
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 26:2, s. 232-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pilot scale refining of White spruce using ATMP (Advanced Thermomechanical Pulp) process was studied. Conventional TMP process, where first stage refiner was equipped with low-intensity segments, was the first reference used in the trial. Another reference was a TMP process with modified equipment configuration (ATMP (aq.)). Modifications consisted of mechanical pre-treatment of chips in Impressafiner and Fiberizer prior to first stage relining at elevated intensity. TMP and ATMP (aq.) references were compared to the ATMP (Mg+P) process which had the same equipment configuration as the ATMP (aq.) and where fibre development in refining was further enhanced using hydrogen peroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The main goal of the trial was to separate the effects of equipment configuration from the effects of process chemicals in ATMP refining. Impact on the development of individual fibre properties. properties of fines fraction. whole pulp properties and laboratory sheet properties was studied and linked to the energy efficiency in refining Electrical energy demand, needed to reach the tensile index of 30 Nm/g could be reduced by 0.42 MWh/odt (28 %) compared to conventional TMP process when mechanical pre-treatment and refining at elevated intensity (ATMP (aq.)) were utilized. Relining energy reduction was 0.49 MWh/odt (33 %) when ATMP (Mg+P) concept was used. The content of shives was considerably lower for ATMP and ATMP (aq.) pulps compared to the TMP reference. ATMP (Mg+P) also had higher brightness compared to the references, an increase by 10 ISO % for a 26 kg/odt hydrogen peroxide charge.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hill, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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ATMP pulping of Norway spruce : Pulp property development and energy efficiency
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 32:1, s. 70-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ATMP pilot refining trials on Norway spruce were conducted. The ATMP configuration consists of selective wood disintegration and targeted application of chemicals when defibration already is initiated in order to achieve energy-efficient final fibre separation and development. ATMP was compared to TMP and RTS. The TMP like character was maintained despite of differences in pre-treatment, chemicals and primary stage refining energies. The fractional composition of the pulps was, however, altered. Bauer McNett R14 fraction exhibited the largest differences followed by P200 fraction. Thus different process alternatives produced pulps with different fingerprints. The amount of the R14 fibres is important as these tend to cause surface roughness impairing printability. Regardless of strategy, the ATMP pulp properties at equal tensile index (44 Nm/g) were equal or superior to those achieved by TMP or RTS refining. The main difference was the required specific energy input, ranging from 1.71 (TMP) to 1.05 MWh/BDT (ATMP with bisulphite addition). Primary stage refining was explored from multiple trials with the same process configuration and chemistry. The higher the specific energy applied the better is the energy efficiency. Furthermore established refining theories appear inadequate in describing the differences between process alternatives with respect to energy efficiency and pulp property development.
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| 10. |
- Mörseburg, Kathrin, et al.
(författare)
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ATMP refining of Norway spruce - Defibration characteristics and fibre wall properties
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 31:3, s. 386-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defibration and fibre development patterns were investigated for the novel ATMP refining process, based on pilot scale trials with Norway spruce chips. ATMP refining with different chemical agents was compared to RTS refining with and without Impressa-finer (RT) and Fiberizer (F) pre-treatment. RT-F pre-treatment significantly improved both initial defibration, axial fibre splitting and fibre flexibility, compared to RTS primary stage refining without pre-treatment. Both types of investigated ATMP process chemistry - hydrogen peroxide combined with magnesium hydroxide under alkaline conditions (P) or acid sodium bisulphite (S) added to the primary refiner dilution water - further improved the fibre separation of RT-F pre-treated wood during primary stage RTS refining. This is largely attributed to enhanced fibre swelling. S-treatment facilitated frequent fibre separation within or close to the S2 wall layer, yielding extremely low shive levels and well-fibrillated, thin-walled fibres early in the process. S-treatment also rendered stiffer fibres, which made them susceptible to breakage, axial splitting and internal delamination. P-application is proposed to affect primarily the interior layers of the fibre walls, facilitating rapid fibre wall swelling towards the lumen, fibre softening and flexibilization.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Mörseburg, Kathrin, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding energy efficiency of different refining concepts from fibre and fines quality
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative pilot refining trials with Norway spruce chips were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the principal mechanisms on fibre level for achieving radical energy reduction in the novel ATMP refining concept. The ATMP pulping configurations proved superior energy efficiency in pulp quality development, compared to TMP, RTS and F-RTS concepts. Development of high tensile strength did not progress at the expense of light scattering, even with process chemicals present. Extensive testing of individual particles in long fibre, middle and fines fractions in combination with analyses of properties of fraction sheets has shown that Impressafiner/Fiberizer pre-treatment opens the wood structure, allowing for early development of desired single fibre properties and generation of fibrillar fines. Peroxide combined with magnesium hydroxide affected the interior of the fibre walls, thereby facilitating improved fibre flexibility, collapsibility and swelling. Bisulphite mainly affected the fibre length distribution, reducing the coarse fraction R14 and promoting the generation of considerable amounts of coarse fines and middle fraction particles.
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| 13. |
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