| 1. |
- Peng, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Can We Use Satellite-Based FAPAR to Detect Drought?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 19:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drought in Australia has widespread impacts on agriculture and ecosystems. Satellite-based Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) has great potential to monitor and assess drought impacts on vegetation greenness and health. Various FAPAR products based on satellite observations have been generated and made available to the public. However, differences remain among these datasets due to different retrieval methodologies and assumptions. The Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project recently developed a quality assurance framework to provide understandable and traceable quality information for Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). The QA4ECV FAPAR is one of these ECVs. The aim of this study is to investigate the capability of QA4ECV FAPAR for drought monitoring in Australia. Through spatial and temporal comparison and correlation analysis with widely used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT)/PROBA-V FAPAR generated by Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought index, as well as the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) soil moisture, the study shows that the QA4ECV FAPAR can support agricultural drought monitoring and assessment in Australia. The traceable and reliable uncertainties associated with the QA4ECV FAPAR provide valuable information for applications that use the QA4ECV FAPAR dataset in the future.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 5. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Containing transaction costs in ERP implementation through identification of strategic learning projects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 38:2, s. 84-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems requires in-depth understanding of the idiosyncrasies of the receiving organization, thus implying specific learning costs. ERP projects delivered in form of contracted projects in a competitive market environment often ignore costs for competitive reasons (Linderoth & Lundqvist, 2004). However, these learning costs add to the overall transaction costs of a project. If not budgeted into the individual projects, these costs accumulate at the project portfolio level of project delivery organizations (sellers) and must be managed adequately. One way of minimizing learning costs at the portfolio level is to identify strategic learning projects, which accrue higher than planned (competitive) costs, but lower the costs of future projects and thereby the overall learning costs at the portfolio level. The present study investigated the practices of dealing with costs of learning projects at a Swedish ERP consultancy over at period of six months. The results show how to lower portfolio-level project costs in the longterm through identification of strategic learning projects, with expected budget overruns in the short-term. The study takes a transaction-costs-economic (TCE) perspective. A model shows the impact of short-term learning investments on the lowering of implementation risks in future projects. The model can be used by managers for understanding long-term profitability by exceeding time and budget objectives in the short term.
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| 7. |
- Attié, David, et al.
(författare)
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A time projection chamber with GEM-based readout
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 856, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the International Large Detector concept at the planned International Linear Collider, the use of time projection chambers (TPC) with micro-pattern gas detector readout as the main tracking detector is investigated. In this paper, results from a prototype TPC, placed in a 1. T solenoidal field and read out with three independent Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based readout modules, are reported. The TPC was exposed to a 6. GeV electron beam at the DESY II synchrotron. The efficiency for reconstructing hits, the measurement of the drift velocity, the space point resolution and the control of field inhomogeneities are presented.
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| 8. |
- Aubry, Monique, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring PMOs through community of practice theory
- 2011
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : Project Management Institute. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 52:5, s. 42-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores project management offices (PMOs) through community of practice theory. Preliminary results from a national health care case study are used to confirm the legitimacy of this approach. Today’s knowledgebased economy calls for mechanisms to share knowledge. The issue of making more with less is at stake in order to reuse good practices, support innovative practice, and prevent the reinvention of the wheel. Members of these communities are at the heart of the learning process. The originality of this research is that it sheds light on PMOs in a new theoretical perspective within the field of knowledge management.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aubry, Monique, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying forces driving PMO changes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : Wiley. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 41:4, s. 30-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Project management offices (PMOs) are dynamic organizational entities, frequently in transition from one charter and structure to the next. Within this article, we present empirical results on the nature and reasons for this transition. The article reports the second of a series of studies aimed at understanding the dynamics of PMOs. It addresses the mistaken paradigm that PMOs change because characteristics or functions in an existing PMO are wrong and require a new PMO charter or structure that can last for a long time. Instead of that, the article proposes a process view on the transformation of the PMO as being triggered by conditions within the external and/or internal context and producing outcomes in terms of impacts from the transformation. A global web-based questionnaire on PMO transitions in structure and charter yielded 184 responses. Factor analysis and correlation analyses revealed that the transition of a PMO from one configuration to the next is not a question of being right or wrong. PMOs in transition can rather be understood as a multilevel dynamic process anchored in a specific organizational context change. From the academic viewpoint, the authors believe that this research filled a large gap in the understanding of the reasons for and nature of PMOs to transition.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Aubry, Monique, et al.
(författare)
-
Project management offices in transition
- 2011
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Ingår i: Project perspectives. - Nijkerk : IPMA. - 1455-4178. ; 33:1, s. 48-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents empirical results from a research on Project Management Offices (PMO) in transition. This research adopted a process view of PMOs in transition. Descriptive data from 17 case studies was primarily obtained through interviews and analyzed using qualitaive text analysis methods. Thirty-fi ve factors of change have been grouped in ix categories forming a typology of drivers of PMO change. The major contribution of this research is to gain a better understanding of the dynamic evolution of PMOs. For researchers, these findings contribute to the project management theoretical development within the field of organizational change. For practitioners, it challenges the paradigm of considering the PMO change as a sign of failure.
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| 13. |
- Aubry, Monique, et al.
(författare)
-
Project management offices in transition
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 28:8, s. 766-778
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents empirical results from a research on Project Management Offices (PMO) in transition. While PMOs are now a prominentfeature of organizational project management, the underlying logic that leads to their implementation or renewal is still not understood. Thisresearch adopted a process view of PMOs in transition. Descriptive data from 17 case studies was primarily obtained through interviews andanalyzed using qualitative text analysis methods. Thirty-five factors of change have been grouped in six categories forming a typology of driversof PMO change. In addition, three patterns of PMO change are presented. The major contribution of this research is to gain a better understandingof the dynamic evolution of PMOs. For researchers, these findings contribute to the project management theoretical development within the fieldof organizational change. For practitioners, it challenges the paradigm of considering the PMO change as a sign of failure.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Berthelsen, Berthelsen, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Simulation of Nonlinear Heat Transfer during Thermal Spraying of Complex Workpieces
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Journal of Mechanics. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2160-049X .- 2160-0503. ; 4:9, s. 289-301
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of coatings, produced by thermal spraying processes, considerably decreases with the occurrence of higher residual stresses, which are especially pronounced for complex workpiece geometries. To understand the occurring effects and to aid in the planning of coating processes, simulations of the highly transient energy flux of the HVOF spray gun into the substrate are of great value. In this article, a software framework for the simulation of nonlinear heat transfer during (HVOF) thermal spraying is presented. One part of this framework employs an efficient GPU-based simulation algorithm to compute the time-dependent input boundary conditions for a spray gun that moves along a complex workpiece of arbitrary shape. The other part employs a finite-element model for a rigid heat conductor adhering to the computed boundary conditions. The model is derived from the fundamental equations of continuum thermodynamics where nonlinear temperature-depending heat conduction is assumed.
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| 16. |
- Biedenbach, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities and their impact on project and project portfolio performance
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore how absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities within the early project phases affect project and portfolio performance within the R&D of pharmaceutical and biotechnology organizations. The study follows a sequential mixed method with an initial qualitative study and a subsequent quantitative study. The results show that the set of absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities has an overall effect on the set of performance outcomes composed of short- and long-term project success and portfolio performance. This result confirms the findings of the qualitative study that a distinct capability mix is needed in the pharmaceutical R&D process. Within the set of capabilities, absorptive and adaptive capabilities are the primary contributors to the performance outcome, whereas innovative capabilities are a minor contributor.
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| 17. |
- Biedenbach, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities and their impact on project and project portfolio performance
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 30:5, s. 621-635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities within early project phases affect project and portfolio performances in pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D organizations. A sequential qualitative–quantitative mixed method was used with 18 interviews and 80 responses to an online survey. The results show effects of absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities on short- and long-term project performance and portfolio performance. Absorptive and adaptive capabilities are the primary contributors to the performance outcome, whereas innovative capabilities are a minor contributor. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
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| 18. |
- Biedenbach, Thomas, 1976-
(författare)
-
Capabilities for frequent innovation : Managing the early project phases in the pharmaceutical R&D process
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite their recognized significance for project success and innovation, the management of the early project phases is still an under-researched area in project management. For organizations to secure a continuous stream of innovation, the utilization of capabilities is crucial for managing the early phases of R&D projects. The purpose of this dissertation is to advance the understanding of the management of the early project phases in hypercompetitive environments. The thesis addresses the research question of how organizations manage the early project phases of R&D in hypercompetitive environments for frequent innovation by taking a dynamic capabilities perspective. The first conceptual study reviews the literature covering organizational change in hypercompetitive environments with a focus on projects as the vehicle to create the necessary flexibility. The study found that organizational aspects and capabilities have to go hand in hand as enabler and facilitator for a successful emergent change process. The second qualitative study investigates how organizations organize the early project phases of R&D in the pharmaceutical industry for an outcome of frequent innovation. The findings show that an optimization of combinative capabilities that balances dynamic, project and multi-project capabilities can be used as a powerful leverage to boost the outcome of frequent innovation. The third study investigates the philosophical stances and related methodologies used within the last 15 years of project management research at the example of IRNOP conferences. The findings show that ontological subjectivism and epistemological interpretivism are dominating. Moreover, case studies and qualitative methods were the most common methods, whereas mixed method studies were lacking despite their value for developing an increasingly complex research field. The final mixed method study explores how absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities within the early phases of pharmaceutical R&D affect project and portfolio performance. Based on the results of quantitative study, the set of capabilities has an overall effect on the set of performance outcomes and thus confirms the results of the qualitative study that a distinct capability mix is needed in the pharmaceutical R&D process. To conclude, the dissertation has comprehensively explored the management of the early project phases through four studies and by applying a multitude of methodologies.
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| 19. |
- Biedenbach, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Paradigms in project management research : Examples from 15 years of IRNOP conferences
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 4:1, s. 82-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the philosophical stances and relatedmethodologies used within the last 15 years of project management research using The InternationalResearch Network on Organizing by Projects (IRNOP) conference papers.Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing a systematic sampling approach, IRNOP conferencepapers from 1994, 2000 and 2007 were analyzed for prevalent philosophical streams in projectmanagement research.Findings – Results show a dominance of ontological subjectivism and epistemologicalinterpretivism, with a preference for case studies and qualitative methods. Trends indicate agrowth of positivist studies and, at the same time, an increase in multi-case studies.Research limitations/implications – This paper’s contribution to knowledge lies in theidentification of predominant research paradigms for research reported at project managementconferences using IRNOP as an example. The study shows trends, preferences, and potential differencesbetween published research and conference papers.Originality/value – Information on the quality, quantity and timely trends of underlyingphilosophies in project management research are lacking an insightful exploration of the projectmanagement research field. This is necessary for a better understanding of the past, present andpossible future of research paradigms in project management. The paper’s findings can be used toimprove the interpretation of the state of knowledge in project management research.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Middle Managers in Program and Project Portfolio Management : Practices, Roles and Responsibilities
- 2006
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing “projectization” of organizations has led to a greater reliance on program and project portfolio management, and middle managers are playing a central role in the management of multiple simultaneous projects. Experienced project managers understand the value of defining project roles and responsibilities, but what are middle managers’ roles and responsibilities in program and project portfolio management? What are the best practices of successful companies today?
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| 22. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Practices, Roles, and Responsibilities of Middle Managers in Program and Portfolio Management
- 2006
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - 8756-9728. ; 37:1, s. 52-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Practices for program and portfolio management, together with the associated roles and responsibilities of middle managers, were investigated. The results of the multi-method study show that high-performing organizations apply dedicated portfolio management processes and tools, plus use the associated roles of middle managers, to address the requirements stemming from the complexity of the organization's environment and the types of projects executed. This is not the case in low-performing organizations. The study takes a transaction costs economics perspective and develops a contingency model for program/portfolio management roles of middle managers. Managerial and theoretical implications are also discussed. This paper summarizes the highlights of research findings that can be found in the full report published by the Project Management Institute (PMI) (Blomquist & Müller, 2006).
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Brzozowska, Kinga, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo versus in vitro individual radiosensitivity analysed in healthy donors and in prostate cancer patients with and without severe side effects after radiotherapy
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 88:5, s. 405-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : A high cellular radiosensitivity may be connected with a risk for development of severe side effects after radiotherapy and indicate cancer susceptibility. Hence, a fast and robust in vitro test is desirable to identify radiosensitive individuals. Materials and methods : The study included 25 prostate cancer patients with severe side effects (S) and 25 patients without severe side effects (0) after radiotherapy as well as 23 male healthy age-matched donors. Blood samples were exposed to 0.5 Gy or 1 Gy of gamma-rays. The initial level of double-strand breaks (dsb) and repair kinetics measured by phosphorylation of histone H2A (gamma-H2AX-assay), apoptosis (Annexin V-assay) and the induction of chromatid aberrations after irradiation in the G2-phase of the cell cycle (G2-assay) were analysed. Results : A significant higher chromatid aberration yield was found in lymphocytes from prostate cancer patients when compared to healthy donors. We found no significant differences between patients S and patients 0. Conclusions : There is no obvious correlation between clinical and cellular radiosensitivity in lymphocytes of prostate cancer patients when all chosen in vitro assays are considered. Although 25% of the patients showed both severe side effects and increased radiation-induced chromosomal sensitivity, predictive value of G2-assay is doubtful.
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| 25. |
- Christopoulos, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 178 Suppl 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 26. |
- Cottatellucci, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Pilot Decontamination Based on Power Control
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2013.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A subspace method for channel estimation is pro- posed for asymmetric antenna array systems. The so-called pilot contamination problem reported in [1] is found to be due to the linearity of channel estimation in [2]. We show that it does not occur in cellular systems with power control and power-controlled handoff when the nonlinear channel estimation method proposed in this paper is used. Power-control hand-off is needed to guarantee separability between signal and interference subspaces. We derive the transmission conditions for subspace separability based on free probability and perturbation theory.
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| 27. |
- Dangendorf, Soenke, et al.
(författare)
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North Sea Storminess from a Novel Storm Surge Record since AD 1843
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Climate. - 0894-8755 .- 1520-0442. ; 27:10, s. 3582-3595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detection of potential long-term changes in historical storm statistics and storm surges plays a vitally important role for protecting coastal communities. In the absence of long homogeneous wind records, the authors present a novel, independent, and homogeneous storm surge record based on water level observations in the North Sea since 1843. Storm surges are characterized by considerable interannual-to-decadal variability linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Time periods of increased storm surge levels prevailed in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries without any evidence for significant long-term trends. This contradicts with recent findings based on reanalysis data, which suggest increasing storminess in the region since the late nineteenth century. The authors compare the wind and pressure fields from the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis (20CRv2) with the storm surge record by applying state-of-the-art empirical wind surge formulas. The comparison reveals that the reanalysis is a valuable tool that leads to good results over the past 100 yr; previously the statistical relationship fails, leaving significantly lower values in the upper percentiles of the predicted surge time series. These low values lead to significant upward trends over the entire investigation period, which are in turn supported by neither the storm surge record nor an independent circulation index based on homogeneous pressure readings. The authors therefore suggest that these differences are related to higher uncertainties in the earlier years of the 20CRv2 over the North Sea region.
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| 28. |
- Demichev, Vadim, et al.
(författare)
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A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 12:8, s. 780-794.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
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| 29. |
- Gawlik, Darius, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular investigations on a chimeric strain of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 80
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 15:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A PVL-positive, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from pus from cervical lymphadenitis of a patient of East-African origin. Microarray hybridisation assigned the isolate to clonal complex (CC) 80 but revealed unusual features, including the presence of the ORF-CM14 enterotoxin homologue and of an ACME-III element as well as the absence of etD and edinB. The isolate was subjected to both, Illumina and Nanopore sequencing allowing characterisation of deviating regions within the strain´s genome. Atypical features of this strain were attributable to the presence of two genomic regions that originated from other S. aureus lineages and that comprised, respectively, 3% and 1.4% of the genome. One deviating region extended from walJ to sirB. It comprised ORF-CM14 and the ACME-III element. A homologous but larger fragment was also found in an atypical S. aureus CC1/ST567 strain whose lineage might have served as donor of this genomic region. This region itself is a chimera comprising fragments from CC1 as well as fragments of unknown origin. The other deviating region comprised the region from htsB to ecfA2, i.e., another 3% of the genome. It was very similar to CC1 sequences. Either this suggests an incorporation of CC1 DNA into the study strain, or alternatively a recombination event affecting "canonical" CC80. Thus, the study strain bears witness of several recombination events affecting supposedly core genomic genes. Although the exact mechanism is not yet clear, such chimerism seems to be an additional pathway in the evolution of S. aureus. This could facilitate also a transmission of virulence and resistance factors and therefore offer an additional evolutionary advantage.
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| 30. |
- Hagger, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
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A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
- 2016
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 11:4, s. 546-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
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| 31. |
- Hammarberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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On the performance of iterative receivers for interfering MIMO-OFDM systems in measured channels
- 2008
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Ingår i: 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. - 1058-6393. - 9781424429400 ; , s. 141-145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the gains harvested through base station cooperation in the up-link for a multi-user (MU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system, operating in a real indoor environment. The base stations perform joint detection using an iterative receiver that carries out multi-user detection and channel estimation via soft information from the single-user decoders. Performance evaluation is carried out using real channels from an indoor dynamic dual MIMO link measurement campaign. The measured scenario represent a real life situation where two users communicate with two base stations, each with two antennas, in an environment resembling a shopping mall or an airport terminal. System performance is evaluated in terms of both Bit-Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) and Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF) for the instantaneous BER. Also, the impact of using soft information in the channel estimation is analyzed.
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| 32. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(författare)
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No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 33. |
- Karlsson, Marcus, 1988-
(författare)
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Blind Massive MIMO Base Stations : Downlink Transmission and Jamming
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input--Multiple-Output) is a cellular-network technology in which the base station is equipped with a large number of antennas and aims to serve several different users simultaneously, on the same frequency resource through spatial multiplexing. This is made possible by employing efficient beamforming, based on channel estimates acquired from uplink reference signals, where the base station can transmit the signals in such a way that they add up constructively at the users and destructively elsewhere. The multiplexing together with the array gain from the beamforming can increase the spectral efficiency over contemporary systems.One challenge of practical importance is how to transmit data in the downlink when no channel state information is available. When a user initially joins the network, prior to transmitting uplink reference signals that enable beamforming, it needs system information---instructions on how to properly function within the network. It is transmission of system information that is the main focus of this thesis. In particular, the thesis analyzes how the reliability of the transmission of system information depends on the available amount of diversity. It is shown how downlink reference signals, space-time block codes, and power allocation can be used to improve the reliability of this transmission.In order to estimate the uplink and downlink channels from uplink reference signals, which is imperative to ensure scalability in the number of base station antennas, massive MIMO relies on channel reciprocity. This thesis shows that the principles of channel reciprocity can also be exploited by a jammer, a malicious transmitter, aiming to disrupt legitimate communication between two single-antenna devices. A heuristic scheme is proposed in which the jammer estimates the channel to a target device blindly, without any knowledge of the transmitted legitimate signals, and subsequently beamforms noise towards the target. Under the same power constraint, the proposed jammer can disrupt the legitimate link more effectively than a conventional omnidirectional jammer in many cases.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lawrenson, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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| 36. |
- Monecke, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus cultures by use of a lateral flow assay based on monoclonal antibodies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - Washington, USA : American society of microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 51:2, s. 487-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with skin and soft-tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. To develop a rapid phenotypic assay, recombinant PVL F component was used to generate monoclonal antibodies by phage display. These antibodies were spotted on protein microarrays and screened using different lukF-PV preparations and detection antibodies. This led to the identification of the optimal antibody combination that was then used to establish a lateral flow assay. This test was used to detect PVL in S. aureus cultures. The detection limit of the assay with purified native and recombinant antigens was determined to be around 1 ng/ml. Overnight cultures from various solid and liquid media proved suitable for PVL detection. Six hundred strains and clinical isolates from patients from America, Europe, Australia, Africa, and the Middle East were tested. Isolates were genotyped in parallel by DNA microarray hybridization for confirmation of PVL status and assignment to clonal complexes. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the assay in this trial were 99.7, 98.3, 98.4, and 99.7%, respectively. A total of 302 clinical isolates and reference strains were PVL positive and were assigned to 21 different clonal complexes. In summary, the lateral flow test allows rapid and economical detection of PVL in a routine bacteriology laboratory. As the test utilizes cultures from standard media and does not require sophisticated equipment, it can be easily integrated into a laboratory's workflow and might contribute to timely therapy of PVL-associated infections.
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| 37. |
- Müller, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Building Successful Project-Based
- 2007
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Ingår i: Project Perspectives. - 1455-4178. ; 29:1, s. 68-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizations’ move towards improved project-orientation requires appropriate governance structures. The paper presents a governance framework for organizations to gradually move from process orientation to project orientation. The framework provides an economic balance of investments and returns at three consecutive migration steps, and for project, program and portfolio management.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Müller, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning Personalities and Project Types
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings EURAM 2005, May 4-7, Munich, Germany. ; , s. 170-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
- Müller, Ralf
(författare)
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Assessment of Project Managers Using the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire : An International Study
- 2006
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports findings from an international study of project managers. A sub-set of the main sample (n = 414) completed Dulewicz & Higgs’ (2005) Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). In particular, it examines the relationship of the LDQ dimensions to three outcome scales: Organisational Context, Leader Performance and Follower Commitment. Six hypotheses were framed to test whether Intellectual, Emotional and Managerial competencies were related to leadership performance and follower commitment. The analyses demonstrated clear linkages between LDQ dimensions and both Leader Performance and Follower Commitment. In particular, six dimensions showed very high correlations with Leadership - Vision, Strategic Perspective and Managing Resources (all Intellectual competencies); and Communication, Empowering and Developing (all Managerial competencies) – and two with self-assessed Follower Commitment - Strategic Perspective and Communication. Regarding Style and Context, just under one-half of respondents faced ‘significant change’ while a large majority currently adopt an ‘Involving’ leadership style. Two hypotheses to test whether appropriate style for the context was related to leadership performance and follower commitment were not supported. Nevertheless, the overall results provide further support for the use of the LDQ for selection and development, e.g. focusing on those leadership competences which fit the management requirements in particular types of projects, of project managers in both public and private sector organisations
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| 42. |
- Müller, Ralf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and leadershipcompetences for project success
- 2010
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Ingår i: Baltic Journal of Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5265 .- 1746-5273. ; 5:3, s. 307-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative importance of project managers’attitudes towards their project and their leadership competences for achieving project success.Leadership competences were assessed as emotional, managerial, and intellectual competences(EQ, MQ, IQ, respectively) using the leadership dimensions questionnaire. Attitudes were assessedthrough the importance project managers assign to the project success criteria.Design/methodology/approach – Building on the competency school of leadership theories, thisstudy used 400 responses to a global web-based questionnaire to identify the variances in attitudesand leadership competences of project managers and its relation to project success. ANOVA andregression analyses were used to identify how attitudes and leadership competences related to projectresults.Findings – The paper identifies two types of results variances, these are, variances in project resultsand variances in business results. The former is caused by the attitudes of project managers, the latteris caused by a mixture of their attitude and emotional competences.Research limitations/implications – The results show the relative importance of specificattitudes and leadership competences for different types of project success.Practical implications – The results indicate key areas for project manager development in orderto move from mediocre to superior project results.Originality/value – The paper builds on prior work in EQ, MQ, and IQ for project management andis the first study to identify a migration theory for the combination of attitudes and leadershipcompetences for project success.
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| 43. |
- Müller, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Balanced leadership : A new perspective for leadership in organizational project management
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Cambridge Handbook of Organizational Project Management. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 186-199
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter addresses a new perspective towards leadership, that of balanced leadership in organizational project management. The chapter starts with an overview of existing theoretical perspectives of leadership and leaders, where we introduce the distinction between leadership intent as an intra-personal process and practiced leadership as an inter-personal process of influencing. We discuss some of the popular theories in light of this distinction. Then we address the need for balanced leadership, which we propose as the temporary adjustment of leadership exercised by the project manager (vertical leadership) with leadership by one or several team members (horizontal leadership), and the situational particularities that emphasize the appropriateness of one approach over the other. We subsequently develop a four-step process of selecting, enabling, exercising, and controlling for balanced leadership and outline the intra and inter-personal activities for vertical and horizontal leaders in each of these steps. This provides an in-depth overview of the type and scope of inter and intra-personal leadership activities and their synchronization needs for coordinated balanced leadership to happen. Readers learn to look at leadership in and across projects as a combination of horizontal and vertical approaches, distributed in a coordinated way between vertical and horizontal leaders in organizational project management.
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| 44. |
- Müller, Ralf
(författare)
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Choosing and Developing the Right Leadership Styles for Projects
- 2008
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Ingår i: NASA ASK - The NASA Source for Project Management and Engineering Excellence. ; Winter 2008:29, s. 46-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Analyzing extensive questionnaires completed by 400 project management professionals, Professor Rodney Turner of the Lille Graduate School of Management and I have identified competencies that contribute significantly to project management success. Our research helps define the managerial and emotional competencies needed to make projects work. We also found that different kinds of projects call for different combinations of competencies.
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| 45. |
- Müller, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing Appropriate Project Managers : Matching their leadership style to the type of project
- 2006
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Choosing Appropriate Project Managers, the authors set out to challenge two commonly held – and related – views found in the project management community: • That a project manager is simply a facilitator for the project management process and that implementing the right systems and procedures are more important than any individual project manager • That once an individual has acquired the skills of project management, that individual can manage any type of project, regardless of technology, industry or experience-level The two beliefs represent different sides of the same coin – both of which downplay the value of the personal characteristics and domain expertise that differentiate individual project managers from one another.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Müller, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Differences in Decision Making in Project Teams
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - 1753-8378. ; 2:1, s. 70-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to report on research in cultural differences in decision-making styles in project teams composed of team members from different nationalities. Differences in decision making in mainly German teams vs mainly Swedish teams was assessed. Design/methodology/approach – A sequential mixed-method approach was used, starting with interviews to develop a grounded theory, followed by survey to test the theory. Factor and regression analyses allowed for identification of the cultural antecedents of the identified differences in decision making. Findings – Locus of control differences in decision making were identified, together with factors for differences in decisions, namely decision-making style, process, and involvement. Correlated cultural antecedents to these factors, in the form of personal attributes, were found. Research limitations/implications – Although the research design provides for some credibility of the results, the scope of the study is limited mainly to the engineering and construction industry in the two countries. Practical implications – The study helps team members and project managers to understand the impact of their cultural differences on decision-making process and style. Through that the study helps to minimize the potential friction when working on multicultural projects. Recommendations for practitioners are provided. Originality/value – The idiosyncrasies of decision making in multicultural projects are researched using the example of Sweden and Germany. A model is built which extends existing project management theory. The paper also provides insights into the lived experiences of practicing project managers in multicultural teams and gives hints on how to overcome cultural barriers.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Müller, Ralf
(författare)
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Determinants for external communications of IT project managers
- 2003
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Ingår i: International journal of project management. - 0263-7863. ; 21:5, s. 345-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of relational norms, organization structure and project risk on project manager's choices in communications media, frequency and contents in Information Technology (IT) business to business markets were examined. The quantitative study used marketing theories, like Transaction Cost Economics and Media Richness Theory and a worldwide survey. Results showed the importance of relational norms for the stabilization of communications practices. Higher project risk increases communications frequency and preference for face-to-face meetings, while it decreases the preference for written reports. Organization structure has no impact on the communications preferences. The study improves the understanding of external communications in projects, which is a major determinant for project success.
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