| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Boersma, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal relationships between pain and stress problems in the general population : predicting trajectories from cognitive behavioral variables
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of applied biobehavioral research. - : Wiley. - 1071-2089 .- 1751-9861. ; 17:4, s. 229-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately, cognitive behavioral models have put forth that the co-occurrence of pain and stress might be explained by mutually maintaining psychological mechanisms such as catastrophizing and avoidance. This study aimed to map the interrelationship between pain, stress, catastrophizing, cognitive, and behavioral avoidance across time. A general population sample (n = 551) was followed from baseline to 3-month and 1-year follow-up. The results revealed subgroups with stress and pain in combination as well as in isolation. The subgroups were highly stable across time, and catastrophizing, cognitive, and behavioral avoidance were related to the development of symptoms. The results support that shared, but also specific cognitive and behavioral, processes may maintain and drive the development of pain and stress problems.
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| 3. |
- Danielsson, Nanette S., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep Disturbance and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence : The Role of Catastrophic Worry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 42:8, s. 1223-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common and debilitating disorder in adolescence. Sleep disturbances and depression often co-occur with sleep disturbances frequently preceding depression. The current study investigated whether catastrophic worry, a potential cognitive vulnerability, mediates the relationship between adolescent sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms, as well as whether there are gender differences in this relationship. High school students, ages 16-18, n = 1,760, 49 % girls, completed annual health surveys including reports of sleep disturbance, catastrophic worry, and depressive symptoms. Sleep disturbances predicted depressive symptoms 1-year later. Catastrophic worry partially mediated the relationship. Girls reported more sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and catastrophic worry relative to boys. The results, however, were similar regardless of gender. Sleep disturbances and catastrophic worry may provide school nurses, psychologists, teachers, and parents with non-gender specific early indicators of risk for depression. Several potentially important practical implications, including suggestions for intervention and prevention programs, are highlighted.
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| 4. |
- Flink, Ida K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding catastrophizing from a misdirected problem-solving perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1359-107X .- 2044-8287. ; 17:2, s. 408-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim is to explore pain catastrophizing from a problem-solving perspective. The links between catastrophizing, problem framing, and problem-solving behaviour are examined through two possible models of mediation as inferred by two contemporary and complementary theoretical models, the misdirected problem solving model (Eccleston & Crombez, 2007) and the fear-anxiety-avoidance model (Asmundson, Norton, & Vlaeyen, 2004).Design. In this prospective study, a general population sample (n= 173) with perceived problems with spinal pain filled out questionnaires twice; catastrophizing and problem framing were assessed on the first occasion and health care seeking (as a proxy for medically oriented problem solving) was assessed 7 months later.Methods. Two different approaches were used to explore whether the data supported any of the proposed models of mediation. First, multiple regressions were used according to traditional recommendations for mediation analyses. Second, a bootstrapping method (n= 1000 bootstrap resamples) was used to explore the significance of the indirect effects in both possible models of mediation.Results. The results verified the concepts included in the misdirected problem solving model. However, the direction of the relations was more in line with the fear-anxiety-avoidance model. More specifically, the mediation analyses provided support for viewing catastrophizing as a mediator of the relation between biomedical problem framing and medically oriented problem-solving behaviour.Conclusion. These findings provide support for viewing catastrophizing from a problem-solving perspective and imply a need to examine and address problem framing and catastrophizing in back pain patients.
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Personality Profiles: Estimating the Cluster Structure of the Dark Triad
- 2017
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Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 6:3, s. 239-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the number of possible dark personality profiles in a large population (N = 18,088) using a subtractive clustering method, which suggested three cluster or dark personality profiles: high malevolent, intermediate malevolent, and low malevolent or benevolent. Although the three profiles differed significantly in each dark trait, there was a considerable large cluster overlap.
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Happiness- Increasing Strategies Between and Within Affective Profiles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clincal Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In a recent study, Schütz and colleagues [1] used the affective profile model (i.e., the combination of peoples’ experience of high/low positive/negative affect) to investigate individual differences in intentional happiness-increasing strategies. Here we used a merged larger sample, a person-centered method to create the profiles, and a recent factor validated happiness-increasing strategies scale, to replicate the original findings. Method: The participants were 1,000 (404 males, 596 females) individuals recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales. Participants were clustered in the four affective profiles using the software RopStat (http://www. ropstat.com). Analyses of variance were conducted to discern differences in how frequently the strategies were used among people with different profiles. Results: Individuals with profiles at the extremes of the model (e.g., self-fulfilling vs. self-destructive) differed the most in their use of strategies. The differences within individuals with profiles that diverge in one affectivity dimension while being similar in the other suggested that, for example, decreases in negative affect while positive affect is low (self-destructive vs. low affective) will lead or might be a function of a decrease in usage of both the mental control and the passive leisure strategies. Conclusion: The self-fulfilling experience, depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect, is a combination of agentic (instrumental goal pursuit, active leisure, direct attempts), communal (social affiliation), and spiritual (religion) strategies. Nevertheless, the affective system showed the characteristics of a complex dynamic adaptive system: the same strategies might lead to different profiles (multi-finality) and different strategies might lead to the same profile (equifinality).
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Factor Analysis of the Swedish Version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen
- 2017
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Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 6:2, s. 166-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to test the proposed three-factor structure of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen measure. A confirmatory factor analysis showed there was mixed evidence for model fit. In contrast to expectations, men did not score significantly higher than women in Machiavellianism and narcissism. Nevertheless, men scored higher than women in psychopathy.
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| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Happiness-Increasing Strategies among Affective Profiles
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th World Congress on Positive Psychology. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The affective profile model (combinations of high and low positive, PA, and negative affect, NA) was used to investigate differences (N = 1000, age mean = 34.22, sd = 12.73) in Lyubomirsky’s eight clusters of intentional happiness-increasing strategies: Social Affiliation (e.g., “Support and encourage friends”), Partying and Clubbing (e.g., “Drink alcohol”), Mental Control (e.g., “Try not to think about being unhappy”), Instrumental Goal Pursuit (e.g. “Study”), Passive Leisure (e.g. “Surf the internet”), Active Leisure (e.g. “Exercise”), Religion (e.g. “Seek support from faith”), and Direct Attempts (e.g. “Act happy/smile”). The self-fulfilling profile (high PA/low NA) reported more frequent use of Social Affiliation, Instrumental Goal Pursuit, Active Leisure, Religion, and Direct Attempts. The high affective profile (high PA/high NA) reported more frequent use of Social Affiliation (although lower compared to the self-fulfilling profile), Partying and Clubbing, Mental Control, Instrumental Goal Pursuit, Passive Leisure, Active Leisure, Religion, and Direct Attempts (although lower than the self-fulfilling). The low affective profile (low PA/low NA) scored higher, compared to the self-destructive, in Social Affiliation, Active Leisure, and Direct Attempts. The self-destructive profile (low PA/high NA) scored higher in Mental Control (compared to the low affective and self-fulfilling profile) and Passive Leisure (compared to low affective).
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative Methods for Affectivity Profiling: Latent Profile Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 49-65
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the past 20 years, an increasing number of studies have used the affective profiles model as the backdrop for the investigation of between and within individual differences in various biological, psychological, and social constructs related to well-being and ill-being. In most of the literature, researchers use individuals’ self-reported affectivity for profiling throughout three different approaches: (1) dividing scores into high and low in reference to the median, (2) cluster analysis, and (3) the rank order of each individual in a large sample from the general population (i.e., percentiles). Nevertheless, a less used approach has been the Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Aim: In this Chapter, we investigated and verified the prevalence of the theorized affective profiles in a large adult population using LPA, mapped the prevalence of these affective profiles to gender and age, and investigated differences in life satisfaction and harmony in life. Method: The sample consisted of residents of the USA who had participated in three different published studies (e.g., Garcia et al., 2015a, 2015b; Nima et al., 2020a, 2020b) and one unpublished study. The samples were amalgamated for this specific Chapter and comprised 4781 individuals (2459 males, 2243 females, plus 79 who did not report gender) with a mean age of 34.66 years (SD = 12.12). While all participants self-reported affect, 2427 participants self-reported both life satisfaction and harmony in life, and the rest reported either life satisfaction or harmony in life. We used several fit indices and analyses of variance to validate the best representation of the affective profiles model. Results: The best fitting model generated by LPA consisted of three profiles: self-fulfilling (60% of participants), moderate affective (27% of participants), and high affective (13% of participants). The comparison of positive affect and negative affect between and within profiles indicated that individuals with these profiles were different from each other in expected ways. Regarding demographic variables, we found that the moderate affective profile was more prevalent among females and younger individuals, while the self-fulfilling and the high affective profiles were more prevalent among males and older individuals. Furthermore, individuals with a moderate affective profile had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction and harmony in life compared to those with the other two profiles. However, in contrast to past studies in Europe using other methods for affectivity profiling, individuals with a high affective profile had higher levels of life satisfaction, but equal levels of harmony in life, than individuals with a self-fulfilling profile. Conclusions: The LPA method successfully yielded a valid representation of the complex adaptive affectivity meta-system. For researchers who intend to use this method, we recommend the different fit indices used here to choose the best fitting model (1), to further validate the profiles in the chosen model by investigating between- and within-profiles differences in affectivity (2), to consider both age and gender (3), and to interpret any results in the context of cultural values that might influence the way individuals both pursue and experience emotions (4).
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Malevolent Character: Data Using The Swedish Version of Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 14, s. 648-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data include responses to the Swedish version of a brief questionnaire used to operationalize the Dark Triad of malevolent character: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. The data was collected among 342 Swedish university students and white-collar workers (see D. Garcia, S. MacDonald, M. Rapp Ricciardi [1]). In this article, we include the Swedish version of Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen questionnaire. The data is available, SPSS and cvs file, as supplementary material in this article. Additionally, we also provide the scoring key as SPSS syntax file.
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| 11. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Questions of Self-regulation and Affect: Affectivity, Locomotion, Assessment, and Psychological Well-Being
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biquarterly Iranian Journal of Health Psychology. - 2588-4204. ; 1:1, s. 37-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The affectivity system is a complex dynamic system, thus, it needs to be seen as a whole-system unit that is best studied by analyzing four profiles: self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect), low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect), high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect), and self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect). Our purpose was to examine individual differences in psychological well-being and self-regulatory strategies (assessment/locomotion). Additionally, we investigated if the effect of psychological well-being on self-regulatory strategies was moderated by the individual’s type of profile. Method: Participants (N = 567) answered the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, and the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire. We conducted a Multivariate Analysis of Variance using age as covariate and Structural Equation Modeling in a multi-group for moderation analysis. Result: Individuals with a self-fulfilling profile scored highest in all psychological well-being constructs and locomotion and lowest in assessment. Nevertheless, matched comparisons showed that increases in certain psychological resources might lead to profile changes. Moreover, while some psychological well-being constructs (e.g., self-acceptance) had an effect of self-regulatory mode independently of the individual’s profile, other constructs’ (e.g., personal growth) effect on self-regulation was moderated by the person’s unique type of profile. Conclusions: Although only theoretical, these results give an idea of how leaps/changes might be extreme (i.e., from one profile at the extreme of the model to the other extreme), while other might be serial (i.e., from one profile to another depending on matching affective dimensions).
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| 12. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The (Mis)measurement of the Affective Profiles Model: Should I Split or Should I Cluster?
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 25-48
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The affective profiles model, a representation of a person’s affective experience and tendencies, consists of two independent but inter-related subsystems: positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). The model is person-oriented because it considers the complex nonlinear interaction of PA and NA as a whole-system unit or a meta-system rather than each subsystem separately. The interaction of the subsystems can be studied as patterns of information that represent the most common observed types or profiles, for example, self-fulfilling (high PA, low NA), low affective (low PA, low NA), high affective (high PA, high NA), and self-destructive (low PA, high NA). The question is then, which method can model the structures within the affectivity meta-system better? These structures are organized and function as patterns of operating subsystems and each subsystem derives its meaning from its relation to the other. Here we put to the test two of the most common methods for profiling, namely, median splits and cluster analysis. Aims: We aimed to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the median split and cluster analysis methods for affectivity profiling using two populations (US residents and Swedes), that are expected to differ in affectivity and in its relation to gender, well-being (life satisfaction), and ill-being (sleep problems). Method: The US sample (NUSA = 4651) and the Swedish sample (NSWEDEN = 703) consisted of participants from different published and unpublished studies (i.e., Amato et al., PeerJ 5:e4092, 2017; Garcia et al., PeerJ, 3:e1380, 2015; Nima et al., PeerJ 8:e9193, 2020a, Front Psychol 10: 3016, 2020b; Chap. 3 in this volume). Both populations reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule) and demographics (e.g., age and gender), US residents reported satisfaction with life (Satisfaction with Life Scale), and Swedes reported sleep problems (one single question). Results: In both methods, as expected, the prevalence of the self-fulfilling profile was significantly higher in Sweden, the prevalence of the low affective profile was significantly higher in the USA, and the prevalence of the high affective profile did not differ between populations. The prevalence of the self-destructive profile was, as expected, significantly higher among Swedes, but only when profiling was conducted using the median split method. Contrasting with our expectations and regardless of profiling method, US males were significantly more prevalent (types) in the high affective and self-destructive profiles, US females were significantly less prevalent (anti-types) in these profiles, and no gender differences were found in the Swedish sample. Even though most expected differences in well-being and ill-being were similar independently of profiling method, the median splits method yielded results more in line with the expectations for the well-being measure and the cluster analysis method did the same for the ill-being measure. The profiles derived by the cluster method, however, explained slightly more of the variance in both well-being and ill-being. Conclusions: We can ascertain three relatively clear results: (1) the prevalence of different profiles was as expected with both methods but with a slight advantage for the median split method (3 of 4 confirmed predictions for the cluster analysis method vs. 4 of 4 for the median splits method); (2) none of the methods was able to confirm our predictions regarding gender, but there might be theoretical issues behind our expectations as well as methodological issues regarding the homogeneity within profiles and the heterogeneity between profiles generated by both methods; and (3) the methods’ prediction certainty acts as mirror reflections of each other across populations and measures of well-being and ill-being. Hence, the verdict is still out, and the show must go on.
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| 13. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Two different approaches to the affective profiles model : median splits (variable-oriented) and cluster analysis (person-oriented)
- 2015
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ Inc.. - 2167-8359. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The notion of the affective system as being composed of two dimensions led Archer and colleagues to the development of the affective profiles model. The model consists of four different profiles based on combinations of individuals' experience of high/low positive and negative affect: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. During the past 10 years, an increasing number of studies have used this person-centered model as the backdrop for the investigation of between and within individual differences in ill-being and well-being. The most common approach to this profiling is by dividing individuals' scores of self-reported affect using the median of the population as reference for high/low splits. However, scores just-above and just-below the median might become high and low by arbitrariness, not by reality. Thus, it is plausible to criticize the validity of this variable-oriented approach. Our aim was to compare the median splits approach with a person-oriented approach, namely, cluster analysis.Method: The participants (N = 2,225) were recruited through Amazons'Mechanical Turk and asked to self-report affect using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. We compared the profiles' homogeneity and Silhouette coefficients to discern differences in homogeneity and heterogeneity between approaches. We also conducted exact cell-wise analyses matching the profiles from both approaches and matching profiles and gender to investigate profiling agreement with respect to affectivity levels and affectivity and gender. All analyses were conducted using the ROPstat software.Results: The cluster approach (weighted average of cluster homogeneity coefficients = 0.62, Silhouette coefficients = 0.68) generated profiles with greater homogeneity and more distinctive from each other compared to the median splits approach (weighted average of cluster homogeneity coefficients = 0.75, Silhouette coefficients = 0.59). Most of the participants (n = 1,736, 78.0%) were allocated to the same profile (Rand Index =.83), however, 489 (21.98%) were allocated to different profiles depending on the approach. Both approaches allocated females and males similarly in three of the four profiles. Only the cluster analysis approach classified men significantly more often than chance to a self-fulfilling profile (type) and females less often than chance to this very same profile (antitype).Conclusions: Although the question whether one approach is more appropriate than the other is still without answer, the cluster method allocated individuals to profiles that are more in accordance with the conceptual basis of the model and also to expected gender differences. More importantly, regardless of the approach, our findings suggest that the model mirrors a complex and dynamic adaptive system.
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| 14. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Variable-Oriented Vs. Person-Oriented Methods for Affectivity Profiling
- 2016
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Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We compared two different approaches (median splits vs. cluster analysis) to create profiles based on individuals’ experience of positive and negative affect. The variable-oriented (median splits) and person-oriented (cluster analysis) methods showed similarities and differences that might help to advance profiling based of affectivity.
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| 15. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploratory factor analysis of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire on a sample with insomnia symptoms
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - London : Routledge. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 14:1, s. 62-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial solution of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) among individuals with insomnia symptoms in the general population.Design: A cross-sectional study with a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3,600; 20-60 year old) was used. In total, 251 of the 2,179 respondents fulfilled the criteria for insomnia symptoms and filled out a survey on demographic parameters, the MSPQ, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sleep medication use, and health care consumption.Methods: Exploratory factor analysis and correlations were used.Results: The results showed that a two-factor solution, accounting for 47.31% of the variance, was extracted from the 13 items of the MSPQ. While one factor consisting of 10 items determined general symptoms of somatic arousal (a = .83), the other factor with 3 items assessed stomach symptoms and nausea (a = .78). The two factors were significantly inter-correlated (r = .54) and significantly associated with the total MSPQ (r = .96, r = .74). The two factors also showed discriminant validity with anxiety and depression and predictive validity with retrospective reports of sleep medication use and health care consumption. A few significant interactions emerged the two MSPQ factors and degree of sleep complaints.Conclusions: Although it is often assumed that the MSPQ taps a single factor of somatic arousal, this study on individuals with insomnia symptoms suggests that a two-factor solution has the best fit. Further research on the factorial solution of the MSPQ is warranted.
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| 16. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Stress as A Health Measure and Its Relationship to Patterns of Emotion in Collectivist and Individualist Cultures : Similarities and Differences
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Higher Education. - : Sciedu Press. - 1927-6044 .- 1927-6052. ; 4:2, s. 92-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates academic stress in two different cultures, the Iranian as a collectivist culture, and the Swedish as an individualist culture. A total of 616 university students (312 Iranian and 304 Swedish) participated in the study. The results show that Swedish students experience more academic stress than Iranian students. Academic stresswas found to be related to difficulties in and outside class, and managing work, family and leisure activities. There was no cultural difference in terms of interacting with the university administration, teachers and friends. There was a gender difference, with females experiencing more academic stress than males, an effect that was more pronounced inSweden than in Iran. Subset analyses (92 Swedes and 100 Iranians) revealed a tendency of Iranian students to balance positive and negative emotions in comparison to students from Sweden. Partial correlations showed that negative affect was the sole affect to significantly correlate with academic stress in Sweden. Negative and positive affect correlated in unison with academic stress in Iran. These results are discussed on an individualist-collectivist dimension. Cultural differences between the educational systems in the two countries may also explain the differing emotion/affect-health relationships.
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| 17. |
- Linton, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a short form of the Örebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire
- 2011
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 36:22, s. 1891-1895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design: A longitudinal design where the questionnaire was completed at a pre test and predictive ability evaluated with a one-year follow-up. A second sample was employed to provide a replication.Objective: The aim of the study was to validate a short form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain ScreeningQuestionnaire: Summary of Background Data. Several studies demonstrate the research and clinical utility of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire. Calls have been made for a shorter form that requires less time in administering.Methods: The short version was constructed by taking two items from each of the five factors shown to have predictive power. It was then tested against the long form in two samples of people with musculoskeletal pain where one reflects an occupational health care population (N = 324) and the other a primary care population (N = 183) thus providing a built-in replication. All participants completed the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire and were then followed over the course of a year to evaluate disability as measured by sick leave.Results: The correlation between the short and long forms was.91. The ROC curve was nearly identical for the long and short versions of the questionnaire (e.g. primary care sample:.84 versus.81; occupational sample:.72 versus.70). Of those who developed disability, a cutoff of 50 on the short version identified 85% in the occupational and 83% in the primary care samples which was nearly as good as the full version (92% respectively 83%).Conclusions: The short form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire is appropriate for clinical and research purposes since it is nearly as accurate as the longer version.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Linton, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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The role of depression and catastrophizing in musculoskeletal pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 15:4, s. 416-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many patients with musculoskeletal pain also suffer from a depressed mood. Catastrophizing is one process that may link depression and pain since it is a key concept in models of both problems. Earlier research has suggested that catastrophizing measures something above and beyond depression. This study tests the idea that if depressed mood and catastrophizing are separate entities then when one is absent the other should still contribute to poor outcome, and, when both are present there should be an additional adverse effect. To this end, a prospective design, with a built-in replication from two clinical samples of patients with sub-acute pain (one from Sweden, N=373; one from Australasia, N=259), was employed. Participants were classified as to having high/low scores on measures of depression and catastrophizing. Subsequently, these classifications were studied in relation to outcome variables cross-sectionally and at follow-up. Results showed a small to moderate correlation between catastrophizing and depression and that there are individuals with one, but not the other problem. Further, having one or the other of the entities was associated with current pain problems and outcome, while having both increased the associations substantially. The replication showed very similar results Our data demonstrate that pain catastrophizing and heightened depressed mood have an additive and adverse effect on the impact of pain, relative to either alone. It suggests that each should be assessed in the clinic and that future research should focus on treatments specifically designed to tackle both depressed mood and catastrophizing.
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| 21. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing : Shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:3, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research and theory suggest that the symptom pair of chronic pain and insomnia may be maintained by shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences. Purpose: This investigation describes the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to assess the way people think about symptoms of pain and poor sleep. Method: A pool of 12 items was generated from existing and validated measures. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on item responses from a community sample of respondents who reported having had a problem with pain or sleep (n = 1702) during the three months previous to the survey. Multinomial regression analyses (MRA) were used to describe derived subscale responses for distinct groups reporting different degrees of perceived symptom severity and overlap. Results: EFA suggested the existence of three distinct dimensions: safety behaviors of behavioral orientation, safety behaviors of cognitive orientation, and catastrophizing. MRA analyses indicated that catastrophizing appears to be a shared psychological process and that both types of safety behaviors may be enhanced in co-morbid problems with persistent pain and insomnia. Conclusion: Cognitions pertaining to avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing are associated with symptom severity and overlap in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders. More research is needed to explore the importance of shared psychological processes and consequences when studying and treating ill health.
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| 22. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive vulnerability in the development of concomitant pain and sleep disturbances
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1359-107X .- 2044-8287. ; 15:2, s. 417-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The present study uses a cognitive behavioural framework to explore the idea that people with pain and sleep disturbances share a common cognitive vulnerability. Design: A longitudinal classification of people (N=592) in a community sample reporting on symptoms of pain and sleep at baseline, 3 and 12 months after the initial survey. Method: Cluster analysis was used to classify people reporting different degrees of symptoms, and their endorsement of cognitive behavioural processes, and consequences at each time point. Groups in similar clusters were linked at adjacent time points to document patterns of stability and change. The clusters are described at baseline on a range of indices not used to form them (problem duration, problem frequency, anxiety, and depression). Reliable change in reports of symptom-related interference was cross tabulated with reliable change in cognitive behavioural processes and consequences.Results: Cluster analyses resulted in six homogenous and distinct profiles at each time point. Linking the clusters over time showed partial individual stability in cluster membership at adjacent time points. Reliable change in symptom-related interference was associated with reliable change in endorsement of cognitive behavioural processes and consequences on the short term.Conclusion: The character and partial individual stability of symptom cluster membership suggests that problems with pain and sleep may share mutually maintaining cognitive behavioural processes and consequences. Future research should examine the utility of identifying mutually maintaining factors in the treatment of concomitant pain and sleep disturbances.
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| 23. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing the Past on the Original Pain Recall Assessment Form (OPRA)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447. ; 10:8, s. 809-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Original Pain Recall Assessment form (OPRA) is a technique that allows people to report on their pattern of pain over time. This investigation reports on the psychometric properties of the OPRA. Our results are analyzed from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Correlation analyses on data from 72 respondents indicate that participants' patterns of symptoms recalled on the OPRA over a 28-day period were positively related to previous daily diary reports. Symptom ratings on an adapted OPRA showed different patterns of association with past symptom reports in distinct subgroups. A hypothesized, primacy recency effect of the diary procedure on symptom recall was supported. Statistics designed for use with paired, ordered categorical data showed acceptable agreement between diary ratings and those made at recall. In a basic research setting, the form offers the potential to evaluate individual correlates of pain recall. It can also be used at an individual level to describe the character of disagreement with prior ratings.PerspectiveThis article presents the psychometric properties of a pain-assessment procedure. Our results suggest that the way people recall their symptoms is related to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral correlates of the pain experience. The importance of individual differences in overt and covert behaviors and their relationship to persistent pain complaints warrants further attention.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- MacDonald, Shane, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The affective personality, sleep, and autobiographical memories
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Positive Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-9760 .- 1743-9779. ; 8:4, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of affect, sleep, and autobiographical memories seem related but there are no studies we know of to verify the notion. The purpose of this research is to investigate interrelationships between profiles of affect, sleep, and autobiographical memories. A cross-sectional design is employed. Three hundred and thirteen adult students participated.The data generated are viewed from two complementary perspectives. Our cluster analyses identified a group of individual states whose lives appear to be arousing and stressful (high positive and negative affect) yet they slept significantly better than self-destructive states (high on negative affect and low on positive affect). Our regressions imply that negative autobiographical memories are involved in a relationship with sleep independently of fairly stable patterns of affect, biological sex, and age. We finish by noting that apart from investigating these relationships longitudinally, cultural differences in patterns of affect and their health correlates should be explored.
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