| 1. |
- Miranda, Antonio Miguel, et al.
(författare)
-
Eye movements, convergence distance and pupil-size when reading from smartphone, computer, print and tablet
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science. - : The Norwegian Association of Optometry. - 1891-0882 .- 1891-0890. ; 11:1, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the use of eye-tracking glasses to monitor visual behaviour when reading from electronic devices and paper in free-viewing conditions. The Tobii-Pro-Glasses were used to monitor 20 subjects with normal vision during reading tasks. Reading was performed in a smartphone, computer, paper and tablet. Texts from the IReST-test were read in devices in a random order. Participants read one text in each device and then repeated the same task 1 hour later; in total each participant read eight different texts. The sequence for the devices was randomized. We found differences between devices for saccade amplitude, fixation duration, convergence distance and pupil size. Reading speed between computer and tablet was slightly different (8 words-per-minute) and pupil size reduced up to 20% in electronic devices compared to print. Behavioural changes observed whilst reading from different devices may reflect an attempt from readers to optimize performance. The need to maintain visual performance under different visual condition may lead to increased visual symptoms. Eye-tracking glasses could be a valuable tool to investigate visual aspects of digital strain.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Baskaran, Karthikeyan, Senior Lecturer, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reading performance in Portuguese children from second to tenth grade with the MNREAD reading acuity test
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Optometry. - : Elsevier. - 1888-4296. ; 16:4, s. 261-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo assess reading performance and report normative values for normal sighted Portuguese schoolchildren using the Portuguese version of the MNREAD reading acuity chart.MethodsChildren in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th grade in Portugal were recruited for this study. One hundred and sixty-seven children from 7 to 16 years of age participated. The Portuguese version of the printed MNREAD reading acuity chart was used to measure reading performance in these children. The non-linear mixed effects model with negative exponential decay function was used to compute maximum reading speed (MRS) and critical print size (CPS) automatically. Reading acuity (RA) and reading accessibility index (ACC) were computed manually.ResultsThe mean MRS in words-per-minute (wpm) for the 2nd grade was 55 wpm (SD = 11.2 wpm), 104 wpm (SD = 27.9) for the 4th grade, 149 wpm (SD = 22.5) for 6th grade, 172 wpm (SD = 24.6) for 8th grade and 180 wpm for the 10th grade (SD = 16.8). There was a significant difference in MRS between school grades (p < 0.001). Participants’ reading speed increased by 14.5 wpm (95% CL: 13.1–15.9) with each year of increase in age. We found a significant difference between RA and school grades, but not for CPS.ConclusionsThis study provides normative reading performance values for the Portuguese version of the MNREAD chart. The MRS increased with increasing age and school grade, while RA shows initial improvement from early school years and gradually stabilizes in the more mature children. Normative values for the MNREAD test can now be used to determine reading difficulties or slow reading speed in, for example, children with impaired vision.
|
|
| 4. |
- Baskaran, Karthikeyan, Senior Lecturer, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Scoring reading parameters : An inter-rater reliability study using the MNREAD chart
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:6, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose First, to evaluate inter-rater reliability when human raters estimate the reading performance of visually impaired individuals using the MNREAD acuity chart. Second, to evaluate the agreement between computer-based scoring algorithms and compare them with human rating. Methods Reading performance was measured for 101 individuals with low vision, using the Portuguese version of the MNREAD test. Seven raters estimated the maximum reading speed (MRS) and critical print size (CPS) of each individual MNREAD curve. MRS and CPS were also calculated automatically for each curve using two different algorithms: the original standard deviation method (SDev) and a non-linear mixed effects (NLME) modeling. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to estimate absolute agreement between raters and/or algorithms. Results Absolute agreement between raters was ‘excellent’ for MRS (ICC = 0.97; 95%CI [0.96, 0.98]) and ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ for CPS (ICC = 0.77; 95%CI [0.69, 0.83]). For CPS, inter-rater reliability was poorer among less experienced raters (ICC = 0.70; 95%CI [0.57, 0.80]) when compared to experienced ones (ICC = 0.82; 95%CI [0.76, 0.88]). Absolute agreement between the two algorithms was ‘excellent’ for MRS (ICC = 0.96; 95%CI [0.91, 0.98]). For CPS, the best possible agreement was found for CPS defined as the print size sustaining 80% of MRS (ICC = 0.77; 95%CI [0.68, 0.84]). Absolute agreement between raters and automated methods was ‘excellent’ for MRS (ICC = 0.96; 95% CI [0.88, 0.98] for SDev; ICC = 0.97; 95% CI [0.95, 0.98] for NLME). For CPS, absolute agreement between raters and SDev ranged from ‘poor’ to ‘good’ (ICC = 0.66; 95% CI [0.3, 0.80]), while agreement between raters and NLME was ‘good’ (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI [0.76, 0.88]). Conclusion For MRS, inter-rater reliability is excellent, even considering the possibility of noisy and/or incomplete data collected in low-vision individuals. For CPS, inter-rater reliability is lower. This may be problematic, for instance in the context of multisite investigations or follow-up examinations. The NLME method showed better agreement with the raters than the SDev method for both reading parameters. Setting up consensual guidelines to deal with ambiguous curves may help improve reliability. While the exact definition of CPS should be chosen on a case-by-case basis depending on the clinician or researcher’s motivations, evidence suggests that estimating CPS as the smallest print size sustaining about 80% of MRS would increase inter-rater reliability.
|
|
| 5. |
- Baskaran, Karthikeyan, Senior Lecturer, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Scoring reading parameters: an inter-rater reliability study using the MNREAD test
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Estimating MNREAD parameters such as Critical Print Size (CPS) and Maximum Reading Speed (MRS) - using the time taken to read blocks of text - often requires subjective analysis of the reading profile. Depending on the rater, parameters may be over- or under-estimated, resulting in difficult or even impossible between-study comparisons. The aim of this project was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of MNREAD parameters in subjects with visual impairment. Methods: Reading times for the Portuguese version of the MNREAD chart from 32 subjects, reading binocularly were analyzed. Reading speed was computed by a single experimenter (AFM) using reading time and number of errors. Based on reading speeds, three experimented raters (AFM, AC and KB) computed MRS and CPS using the following method. CPS was defined as the print size at which subsequent smaller print sizes were read at 1.96 x standard deviation slower than the mean of the preceding print sizes; MRS was estimated as the mean reading speed for sentences in print larger than the CPS. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient for both MRS and CPS for all three raters. Results: Near acuity range was 0.14-1.9 logMAR. The average measure ICC for CPS was 0.896 with a 95% CI from 0.814 to 0.946 (p< 0.001). The average measure ICC for MRS was 0.984 with a 95% CI from 0.970 to 0.992 (p< 0.001). Conclusion: A high degree of reliability was found between the three raters for both CPS and MRS. Even though some small variability exists this may be due to raters’ high-level experience with MNREAD data. Future directions will involve: 1) including more raters with various level of experience in MNREAD rating; 2) investigating the degree of inter-rater reliability for raters using different estimation methods.
|
|
| 6. |
- Baskaran, Karthikeyan, Senior Lecturer, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish version of the Massof activity inventory to measure vision-related activity difficulties among patients with nAMD
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmol, vol 102, issue S279: Special Issue:Abstracts from the 2023 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Festival, 26‐28 October 2023, Valencia. - : John Wiley & Sons.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vision-related activity difficulties among patients with neovascular AMD using a Swedish version of the mass of activity inventory (MAI). Methods: Participants were patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD receiving treatment for the disease in a hospital in southeast Sweden. Participants completed the Swedish version of the MAI questionnaire. MAI can be used to measure the overall visual ability and visual ability in 4 functional domains: reading, mobility, visual motor function and visual information processing. Best corrected distance and near visual acuity (VA) were also measured. Results: Among the 196 participants (mean age=78.5 years, SD=7.67, 66% female) the median VA in the better seeing eye was 0.18 logMAR (IQR=?0.34), and in the worse eye was 0.54 logMAR (IQR=0.98). The median visual ability for all participants was 1.92 logits (IQR=2.69). There was a significant negative correlation between distance VA in the better eye and visual ability (rho=0.4025, p<0.01). Using ROC curves, we tested the capacity of the MAI to detect cases of any vision impairment (VA worse than 0.3 logMAR in the better seeing eye), the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.717 (95% CI=0.643 - 0.791 p<0.001). When we tested for detection of moderate vision impairment (VA worse than 0.5 logMAR in the better seeing eye) the AUC was 0.738 (95% CI=0.648 - 0.829 p?<0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that the Swedish version of the MAI produce measures of visual ability that are consistent with clinical measures among patients with nAMD. The Swedish version of the MAI can be used as outcome measure in interventions for people with nAMD.References1. Macedo, A.F. et al. Predictors of problems reported on the EQ-5D-3L dimensions among people with impaired vision in northern Portugal. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20: 132.
|
|
| 7. |
- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
All retinas are not created equal : Fovea‐to‐macula thickness ratio and foveal microvasculature in healthy young children
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmic & physiological optics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0275-5408 .- 1475-1313. ; 42:3, s. 644-652
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Markers for the relationships between structural and microvasculature measures given by optical coherence tomography angiography are necessary to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between structural and microvasculature measures around the fovea in healthy eyes of healthy children.Methods: Observational cross-sectional study involving children aged 8–17 years, born at full-term, with no eye disease. The better of two 3 × 3 mm macular scans obtained with a Cirrus 5000HD-OCT was analysed. Images were corrected for lateral magnification errors. Vessel density and perfusion were measured with ImageJ/Fiji software for the superficial capillary plexus. Structural measures including foveal and macular thicknesses were performed manually.Results: The sample included 86 participants, 51 (59%) females. Mean age was 12.4 years (SD = 2.5); mean best-corrected acuity was −0.10 logMAR (SD = 0.09); mean refractive error was +0.59 D (SD = 1.3) and mean axial length was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86). Mean area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was 0.20 mm2 (SD = 0.88); median fovea-to-macula thickness ratio (FMTR) was 0.63 (IQR = 0.08); mean central vessel density was 12.42 mm−1 (SD = 2.78) and mean central perfusion was 38.66% (SD = 3.83). AFAZ was correlated with central vessel density (p < 0.001), perfusion (p < 0.001), foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR (p < 0.001). Central vessel density was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.01). Central perfusion was correlated with foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and FMTR, (p = 0.003).Conclusion: In this study, foveal thickness, FMTR and foveal microvasculature measurements were correlated. Clinicians need to be aware that shallow foveal pits and persistent foveal microvasculature are likely to occur in optical coherence tomography angiography images. In healthy eyes from healthy children, an atypical high FMTR and a small AFAZ may be associated with incomplete foveal development. The mechanism and functional implications of this remain unknown.
|
|
| 8. |
- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of an open view autorefractor with an open view aberrometer in determining peripheral refraction in children
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Optometry. - : Elsevier. - 1888-4296. ; 16:1, s. 20-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare central and peripheral refraction using an open view Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor and an open view COAS-HD VR aberrometer in young children.MethodsCycloplegic central and peripheral autorefraction was measured in the right eye of 123 children aged 8 to 16 years. Three measurements each were obtained with both Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor and COAS-HD VR aberrometer along the horizontal visual field up to 30° (nasal and temporal) in 10° steps. The refraction from the autorefractor was compared with aberrometer refraction for pupil analysis diameters of 2.5-mm and 5.0-mm.ResultsThe Shin-Nippon was 0.30 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 2.5-mm pupil and 0.50 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 5-mm pupil for central refraction. For both pupil sizes, the 95% limits of agreement were approximately 0.50 D for central refraction, and limits were wider in the nasal visual field compared to the temporal visual field. The mean difference for both J0 and J45 were within 0.15 D and the 95% limits of agreement within 0.90 D across the horizontal visual field.ConclusionDefocus components were similar between the Shin-Nippon autorefractor and the COAS-HD VR aberrometer with a 2.5-mm pupil for most visual field angles. However, there was a significant difference in defocus component between the Shin-Nippon autorefractor and the COAS-HD VR aberrometer with a 5.0-mm pupil, wherein the autorefractor measured more hyperopia. The astigmatic components J0 and J45 were similar between instruments for both central and peripheral refraction.
|
|
| 9. |
- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-
(författare)
-
Prevalence of refractive errors and incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia development in a cohort of Swedish schoolchildren. The specific goals were: - to recruit a cohort of children aged 8 to 16 years and to follow the cohort over a period of 24 months with regular study visits; - to investigate the predictive value of relative peripheral error and other optical parameters for the prevalence and incidence of myopia; - to determine and investigate the predictive value of genetic and environmental factors, and structural characteristics of the eye to the incidence of myopia.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study with a follow-up period of 2-years conducted at Linnaeus University in Kalmar. All participants underwent eye examinations and completed questionnaires at regular intervals during the follow-up period. Data analysis was performed assuming hypotheses such as: - myopia development is associated with genetic factors and environmental factors (Papers I and IV); - changes in refractive error over time are explained by multiple genetic and environmental factors (Paper IV) - instruments with different measurement principles can lead to different refraction results (Paper II); - there is a relationship between refractive error and the characteristics of the choroid (Exploratory study, not published) and the characteristics of the microvasculature of the retina (Paper III).ResultsA total of 128 children (70 females and 58 males) participated in this study with mean age of 12.0 years (SD=2.4). Paper I: based on cycloplegic SER of the right eye, the distribution of refractive errors was: hyperopia 48.0% (CI95=38.8-56.7), emmetropia 42.0% (CI95=33.5-51.2) and myopia 10.0%. (CI95=4.4-14.9). Participants with two myopic parents had higher myopia and increased axial length than those with one or no myopic parents. Paper II: The Shin-Nippon was 0.30 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 2.5-mm pupil and 0.50 D more hyperopic than COAS-HD VR at 5-mm pupil for central refraction. Paper III: The sample included 86 out of the 128 participants, 51 (59%) females. The area of the foveal avascular zone (AFAZ) was correlated with central vessel density, perfusion, foveal thickness and with fovea-to-macula thickness ratio. Paper IV: The cumulative incidence of myopia during the two-years was 5.5%, incidence rate of myopia was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years. Cox regression revealed that the probability of myopic shift reduced with “age” and increased with “axial length/corneal-curvature ratio”. Myopic children at the baseline and children with two myopic parents showed a significant faster-paced SER change over time.ConclusionThe prevalence and incidence of myopia in Sweden was lower than expected when compared with countries in East Asia. Genetic factors such as parental myopia remains a critical factor to consider when predicting myopia onset and progression. Children born full-term and visual acuity within the normal range can have very different retinal microvasculature at the centre of the macula that may influence refractive error development. Future studies are necessary to find out possible relationships between vasculature, structural changes and refractive error development. In addition, more studies involving children from different ethnicities and incorporating longer follow-up period are necessary to increase our understanding of the incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren.
|
|
| 10. |
- Demir, Pelsin, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
Refractive error, axial length, environmental and hereditary factors associated with myopia in Swedish children
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental optometry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0816-4622 .- 1444-0938. ; 104:5, s. 595-601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical relevance: Investigation of refractive errors amongst Swedish schoolchildren will help identify risk factors associated with myopia development.Background: Genetic and hereditary aspects have been linked with the development of myopia. Nevertheless, in the case of ‘school myopia’ some authors suggest that environmental factors may affect gene expression, causing school myopia to soar. Additional understanding about which environmental factors play a relevant role can be gained by studying refractive errors in countries like Sweden, where prevalence of myopia is expected to be low.Methods: Swedish schoolchildren aged 8-16 years were invited to participate. Participants underwent an eye examination, including cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) measurements. Predictors such as time spent in near work, outdoor activities and parental myopia were obtained using a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ −0.50D and hyperopia as SER ≥ +0.75D.Results: A total of 128 children (70 females and 58 males) participated in this study with mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4). Based on cycloplegic SER of the right eye, the distribution of refractive errors was: hyperopia 48.0% (CI95 = 38.8-56.7), emmetropia 42.0% (CI95 = 33.5-51.2) and myopia 10.0%. (CI95 = 4.4-14.9). The mean AL was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86), there was a correlation between SER and AL, r = −0.65 (p < 0.001). Participants with two myopic parents had higher myopia and increased axial length than those with one or no myopic parents. The mean time spent in near work, outside of school, was 5.3 hours-per-day (SD = 3.1), and mean outdoor time reported was 2.6 hours-per-day (SD = 2.2) for all the participants. The time spent in near work and outdoor time were different for different refractive error categories.Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia amongst Swedish schoolchildren is low. Hereditary and environmental factors are associated with refractive error categories. Further studies with this sample are warranted to investigate how refractive errors and environmental factors interact over time.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hernandez-Moreno, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Absent Foveal Pit, Also Known as Fovea Plana, in a Child without Associated Ocular or Systemic Findings
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-6722 .- 2090-6730. ; , s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this report is to describe a case of bilateral foveal hypoplasia in the absence of other ophthalmological or systemic manifestations. We characterize the case of a 9-year-old Caucasian male who underwent full ophthalmologic examination, including functional measures of vision and structural measurements of the eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.50 logMAR in the right eye and 0.40 logMAR in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a lack of foveal reflex that was further investigated. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the absence of foveal depression (pit). OCT images demonstrated the abnormal structure of retina in a region in which we expected a fovea; these findings were decisive to determine the cause of reduced acuity in the child.
|
|
| 12. |
- Rodrigues, Clarinda, et al.
(författare)
-
An eye tracking study of the effect of sensory and price in-store displays
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Emotional, sensory, and social dimensions of consumer buying behavior. - Hershey, PA, USA : IGI Global. - 9781799822202 - 9781799822226 - 1799822206 - 9781799822219 ; , s. 23-49
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using eye tracking, this chapter investigates if the visual attention varies according to the in-store displays message content (price, sensory, and price-sensory). Results show that participants are more responsive to cognitive content messages (price) than affective messages (sensory) alone. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that participants are prone to devote more time processing in-store displays messages if prices (cognitive stimuli) are combined with sensory messages (affective stimuli), which increases the likelihood of choosing low involvement products. Finally, it was demonstrated that total fixation duration is predictive of low involvement product choice for all home décor products. This study suggests that shoppers might spend more time and effort searching for low involvement products if in-store displays captivate their visual attention and elicit their sensory imagery. Sensory messages can be used by retailers to highlight product intrinsic characteristics. At the same time, they are inducing positive feelings towards low-involvement products.
|
|
| 13. |
- Goncalves Fernandes Ferreira, Flavio Pedro, et al.
(författare)
-
Artificial eye for calibration of an eye-tracker, eye tracking calibration system and method thereof
- 2021
-
Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Abstract(EN) An artificial eye for eye tracking calibration of an eye-tracker, comprising: an eye model comprising a foveal region; an optical position sensor arranged at the foveal region for transducing the position of a foveal light spot into a sensor position signal; a two-axis rotational pivoting support upon which the eye model is mounted; a two-axis actuator for rotating the eye model in said pivoting support; a feed-back electronic circuit, connected between the sensor and actuator, arranged to cause rotation of the eye model by said actuator such that the sensor position signal matches a reference position signal. The reference position signal may be adjustable to cause an off-set between the pupillary-axis of the eye model and a visual-axis defined by the reference position signal, in particular the reference position signal being adjustable by configuration of the feed-back electronic circuit.(FR) L'invention concerne un oeil artificiel pour l'étalonnage de suivi de l'oeil d'un oculomètre, comprenant : un modèle d'oeil comprenant une région fovéale ; un capteur de position optique disposé au niveau de la région fovéale pour convertir la position d'un point lumineux fovéal en un signal de position de capteur ; un support pivotant rotatif à deux axes sur lequel est monté le modèle oculaire ; un actionneur à deux axes pour faire tourner le modèle d'oeil dans ledit support pivotant ; un circuit électronique de rétroaction, connecté entre le capteur et l'actionneur, agencé pour provoquer la rotation du modèle d'oeil par ledit actionneur de telle sorte que le signal de position de capteur corresponde à un signal de position de référence. Le signal de position de référence peut être réglé pour provoquer un décalage entre l'axe pupillaire du modèle d'oeil et un axe visuel défini par le signal de position de référence, en particulier le signal de position de référence étant réglable par la configuration du circuit électronique de rétroaction.
|
|
| 14. |
- Macedo, António Filipe, Senior Lecturer, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of problems reported on the EQ-5D-3L dimensions among people with impaired vision in northern Portugal
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1477-7525 .- 1477-7525. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The EQ-5D index often fails to detect the effect of ophthalmic diseases and sight loss. Investigating predictors of individual EQ-5D health dimensions might reveal the underlying reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of health dimension ratings obtained with the EQ-5D-3L from participants with impaired vision representing a spectrum of eye diseases.Methods: Observational cross-sectional study with participants recruited at four public hospitals in Portugal. Outpatients with visual acuity of 0.30 logMAR(6/12) or worse in the better-seeing eye were invited to participate. Participants completed two instruments: the EQ-5D-3L (measures participants’ perceived health-related quality-of-life) and the Massof Activity Inventory (measures visual ability–ability to perform vision-related activities). This study used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with responses to the EQ-5D-3L.Results: The study included 492 participants, mean age 63.4 years (range = 18–93), 50% females. The most common diagnosis was diabetic retinopathy (37%). The mean visual acuity in the better seeing eye was 0.65 logMAR (SD = 0.48) and the mean visual ability was 0.62 logits (SD = 2.04), the correlation between the two was r = − 0.511 (p < 0.001). Mobility and self-care were the health dimensions with the fewest problems (1% reported extreme problems), anxiety and depression the dimension with the most problems (24% reported extreme problems). ROC curve analysis showed that the EQ-5D index was a poor predictor of cases of vision impairment whilst visual ability given was a good predictor of cases of vision impairment. Visual ability was an independent predictor of the response for all dimensions, higher ability was always associated with a reduced odds of reporting problems. The odds of reporting problems were increased for females in 3 out of 5 dimensions. Comorbidities, visual acuity and age-category were predictors of the odds of reporting problems for one dimension each.Conclusions: The odds of reporting problems for the five health dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L were strongly influenced by the ability to perform vision-related activities (visual ability). The EQ-5D index showed poor performance at detecting vision impairment. These findings are informative and relevant for the clinic and for research evaluating the impact of eye diseases and disease treatments in ophthalmology.
|
|
| 15. |
- Crossland, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic books as low vision aids
- 2010
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 94:8, s. 1109-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, several electronic book readers have become commercially available. These consist of a low glare electronic paper screen and internal memory, which can typically hold the full text of between 150 and 2000 full-length novels. Electronic paper has a wide viewing angle of almost 1808 but a slow refresh speed of about 250 ms. Amazon’s Kindle device has 300 000 books available in electronic format, and 11 000 are available through Waterstones in the UK for the Sony Reader. Table 1 shows the parameters of these and other popular electronic books. Here, we explore the utility of these two electronic books for use by the visually impaired.
|
|
| 16. |
- Ferreira, Marisa Borges, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationships between neuropsychological and antisaccade measures in multiple sclerosis patients
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ, Inc. - 2167-8359. ; 6, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Stroop test is frequently used to assess deficits in inhibitory control in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This test has limitations and antisaccade eye movements, that also measure inhibitory control, may be an alternative to Stroop.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was twofold: (i) to investigate if the performance in the antisaccade task is altered in patients with MS and (ii) to investigate the correlation between performances in neuropsychological tests, the Stroop test and the antisaccade task.MethodsWe measured antisaccades (AS) parameters with an infrared eye tracker (SMIRED 250 Hz) using a standard AS paradigm. A total of 38 subjects diagnosed with MS and 38 age and gender matched controls participated in this study. Neuropsychological measures were obtained from the MS group.ResultsPatients with MS have higher error rates and prolonged latency than controls in the antisaccade task. There was a consistent association between the Stroop performance and AS latency. Stroop performance but not AS latency was associated with other neuropsychological measures in which the MS group showed deficits.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AS may be a selective and independent measure to investigate inhibitory control in patients with MS. More studies are necessary to confirm our results and to describe brain correlates associated with impaired performance in the antisaccade task in people diagnosed with MS.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hernández-Moreno, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost‐effectiveness of basic vision rehabilitation (The basic VRS‐effect study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmic & physiological optics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0275-5408 .- 1475-1313. ; 40:3, s. 350-364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Purpose To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a basic vision rehabilitation service (basic-VRS) in Portugal. We designed a parallel group, randomised controlled trial whose aim is to compare the effects and costs of ?usual low vision care? with a ?basic-VRS intervention? on self-reported visual ability and other psychosocial and health-related quality-of-life outcomes. Methods The trial will recruit participants that meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) visual acuity between 0.4?1.0 logMAR in the better-seeing eye, (2) cause of vision loss is diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration, (3) 18 years or older and iv) live in the community (not in nursing homes or other type of institution). Participants will be randomised to one of the study arms consisting of immediate intervention and delayed intervention. The delayed intervention group will receive ?usual care? or no intervention in the first 12 weeks. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and retinal structure will be assessed during the study. Results The primary outcome measure is visual ability, which will be evaluated with the Massof Activity Inventory, we expect that the intervention will raise the overall person measure or visual ability. Reading, health-related quality-of-life, anxiety and depression and social support will be also assessed. The analysis will be undertaken on an intention-to-treat basis. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed to provide information about the cost per unit of utility. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention we will adopt the perspective of the healthcare system. Conclusion This study will provide additional evidence about the effects of basic-VRS on self-reported visual ability. Findings from this study should also contribute to better planning of low vision provision and, consequently, may contribute to reduce barriers to basic-VRS.
|
|
| 18. |
- Hernández-Moreno, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Is perceived social support more important than visual acuity for clinical depression and anxiety in patients with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy? : Är uppfattat socialt stöd viktigare än synskärpa för klinisk depression och ångest hos patienter med åldersrelaterad makulär degeneration och diabetesretinopati?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : Sage Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 35:9, s. 1341-1347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To investigate whether visual acuity has the same importance as a factor of depression and anxiety comparing with other psychological variables, particularly perceived social support, in patients diagnosed with age-related eye diseases, with and without low vision.Design:Observational cross-sectional study.Setting:Patients attending outpatient appointments at the department of ophthalmology of a general hospital in Portugal.Subjects:Patients with age-related macular degeneration and patients with diabetic retinopathy attending routine hospital appointments were recruited for this study.Measures:Anxiety and depression were measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale and perceived social support using the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Visual acuity was measured with ETDRS charts.Results:Of the 71 patients, 53 (75%) were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, 37 (52%) were female and age (mean±SD) was 69±12 years. Acuity in the better seeing eye was 0.41±?0.33logMAR. The mean anxiety score was 4.38±3.82 and depression 4.41±3.39. Clinically significant levels of anxiety were found in 21% (n=15) of the participants and depression in 18%(n=13). The total social support score was 5.29±0.61. Significant multivariate regression models were found for anxiety (R2=0.21, P=0.016) and for depression (R2=0.32, P<0.0001). Social support was independently associated with levels of anxiety and with levels of depression. Gender was independently associated with levels of anxiety.Conclusion:This study suggests that patients? perceived social support might be more important than visual acuity as a factor of clinical depression and anxiety in a sample of age-related eye disease patients.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hernández-Moreno, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
The Basic VRS-Effect Study : Clinical Trial Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Low Vision Rehabilitation in Portugal
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmology and Therapy. - : Springer. - 2193-8245 .- 2193-6528. ; 12, s. 307-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe aim of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate the clinical impact of vision rehabilitation in patients with vision impairment and (2) to investigate the cost-effectiveness of a basic vision rehabilitation service in Portugal.MethodsThe trial recruited patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy (DR) and visual acuity in the range 0.4–1.0logMAR in the better-seeing eye. Participants were randomised to one of the study arms consisting of immediate intervention and delayed intervention. The intervention included: new refractive correction, optical reading aids, in-office training and advice about modifications at home. Visual ability, health-related quality of life and costs were measured. Economic analysis was performed to evaluate whether the intervention was cost-effective. The trial compared the outcomes 12 weeks after the start in both arms.ResultsOf the 46 participants, 34 (74%) were diagnosed with DR, 25 (54%) were female, and mean age was 70.08 years (SD = 8.74). In the immediate intervention arm visual ability increased a mean of 0.523 logits (SE = 0.11) (p < 0.001). Changes in the delayed intervention arm were not statistically significant (p = 0.95). Acuity in the better-seeing eye, near acuity and critical print size also improved during the study. The mean cost of the intervention was €118.79 (SD = 24.37). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using the EQ-5D-5L was 30,421€/QALY and 1186€/QALY when using near acuity.ConclusionThe current study gives evidence of positive clinical impact of a basic vision rehabilitation intervention and shows that a basic vision rehabilitation service is cost-effective. These findings are important to clinical and rehabilitation practices and for planning vision rehabilitation services.Trial RegistrationRetrospectively registered, 21/01/2019. ISRCTN10894889, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10894889
|
|
| 20. |
- Lima Ramos, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
-
A review of capture-recapture methods and its possibilities in ophthalmology and vision sciences
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmic Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0928-6586 .- 1744-5086. ; 27:4, s. 310-324
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological information is expected to be used to develop key aspects of eye care such as to control and minimise the impact of diseases, to allocate resources, to monitor public health actions, to determine the best treatment options and to forecast the consequence of diseases in populations. Epidemiological studies are expected to provide information about the prevalence and/or incidence of eye diseases or conditions. To determine prevalence is necessary to perform a cross-sectional screening of the population at risk to ascertain the number of cases.The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate capture-recapture methods (or models) to ascertaining the number of individuals with a disease (e.g. diabetic retinopathy) or condition (e.g. vision impairment) in the population.The review covers the fundamental aspects of capture-recapture methods that would enable non-experts in epidemiology to use it in ophthalmic studies. The review provides information about theoretical aspects of the method with examples of studies in ophthalmology in which it has been used. We also provide a problem/solution approach for limitations arising from the lists obtained from registers or other reliable sources.We concluded that capture-recapture models can be considered reliable to estimate the total number of cases with eye conditions using incomplete information from registers. Accordingly, the method may be used to maintain updated epidemiological information about eye conditions helping to tackle the lack of surveillance information in many regions of the globe.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Lima Ramos, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in Northwest Portugal using capture–recapture: [SV] Tvärsnittsstudie som undersöker prevalensen och orsakerna till synnedsättning i nordvästra Portugal med hjälp av infångning-återfångst[PT] Estudo transversal que investiga a prevalência e as causas da deficiência visual no Noroeste de Portugal utilizando captura-recaptura
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of vision impairment (VI) in Portugal.Setting Information about people with VI was obtained from primary care centres, blind association (ACAPO) and from hospitals (the PCVIP study) in the Northwest of Portugal during a period spanning years 2014–2015. Causes of VI were obtained from hospitals.Participants Administrative and medical records of people with visual acuity in the better seeing eye of 0.5 decimal (0.30logMAR) or worse and/or visual field less than 20° were investigated. Capture–recapture with log-linear models was applied to estimate the number of individuals missing from lists of cases obtained from available sources.Primary and secondary outcome measures Log-linear models were used to estimate the crude prevalence and the category specific prevalence of VI.Results Crude prevalence of VI was 1.97% (95% CI 1.56% to 2.54%), and standardised prevalence was 1% (95% CI 0.78% to 1.27%). The age-specific prevalence was 3.27% (95% CI 2.36% to 4.90%), older than 64 years, 0.64% (95% CI 0.49% to 0.88%), aged 25–64 years, and 0.07% (95% CI 0.045% to 0.13%), aged less than 25 years. The female-to-male ratio was 1.3, that is, higher prevalence among females. The five leading causes of VI were diabetic retinopathy, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and disorders of the globe.Conclusions The prevalence of VI in Portugal was within the expected range and in line with other European countries. A significant number of cases of VI might be due to preventable cases and, therefore, a reduction of the prevalence of VI in Portugal seems possible. Women and old people were more likely to have VI and, therefore, these groups require extra attention. Future studies are necessary to characterise temporal changes in prevalence of VI in Portugal.No data are available. Raw data can be requested from the first author.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lima Ramos, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting participation of people with impaired vision in epidemiological studies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Ophthalmology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2415. ; 18, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The characteristics of the target group and the design of an epidemiologic study, in particular the recruiting methods, can influence participation. People with vision impairment have unique characteristics because those invited are often elderly and totally or partially dependent on help to complete daily activities such as travelling to study sites. Therefore, participation of people with impaired vision in studies is less predictable than predicting participation for the general population. Methods: Participants were recruited in the context of a study of prevalence and costs of visual impairment in Portugal (PCVIP-study). Participants were recruited from 4 Portuguese public hospitals. Inclusion criteria were: acuity in the better eye from 0.5 decimal (0.30logMAR) or worse and/or visual field of less than 20 degrees. Recruitment involved sending invitation letters and follow-up phone calls. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess determinants of participation. The J48 classifier, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied to investigate the possible differences between subjects in our sample. Results: Individual cases were divided into 3 groups: immediate, late and non-participants. A participation rate of 20% was obtained (15% immediate, 5% late). Factors positively associated with participation included years of education, annual hospital attendance, and intermediate visual acuity. Females and greater distance to the hospital were inversely associated with participation. Conclusion: In our study, a letter followed by a phone call was efficient to recruit a significant number of participants from a larger group of people with impaired vision. However, the improvement in participation observed after the phone call might not be cost-effective. People with low levels of education and women were more difficult to recruit. These findings need to be considered to avoid studies whose results are biased by gender or socioeconomic inequalities of their participants. Young subjects and those at intermediate stages of vision impairment, or equivalent conditions, may need more persuasion than other profiles.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Lima Ramos, Pedro
(författare)
-
Studying prevalence using capture-recapture methods : visual impairment in Portugal
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visual impairment (VI) due to eye diseases remains a significant healthproblem worldwide and, also, in Europe. There are an estimated 15 million peoplesuffering from moderate or severe visual impairment in Western Europe. VI has asignificant impact on the quality of life by reducing functional status and interferingwith the ability of the subject to maintain independence in a safe manner. Prevalenceof VI needs to be estimated regularly so that the progress of the vision health of apopulation can be evaluated and monitored. In addition, it is important to ascertainthe causes behind VI so that health programs can be designed to lower itsprevalence. There is currently a lack of epidemiological information about theprevalence and causes of VI in Portugal. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was todetermine the prevalence of VI in a large region Portugal using data from lists ofcases of VI.Capture-recapture models have been applied in several disciplines, asbiomedical sciences, epidemiology or ecology, to estimate the size of populations. Inparticular, they have been used to estimate the prevalence of several diseases orconditions. Developing these inferential models is of great importance to avoid thehigh costs and unreasonable time spending of cross-sectional studies. However,applying capture-recapture models is challenging, as they are very sensitive to listdependence and possible capture rates heterogeneity among subgroups of thepopulation. In particular, applying these models to human population samples isadditionally challenging, as in most epidemiologic studies only a small number oflists are available. There are two main differences between human and wildlifepopulations. First, human population lists generally have not a well-defined timeorder. Second, in wildlife studies there are often more trapping samples than inhuman population studies. In most epidemiologic surveys, only two to four lists areavailable. This can be problematic and is an additional difficulty when applyingcapture-recapture models in the context of human populations.The main objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of VI usingcapture-recapture models. We estimated a crude prevalence of1.97%,95%CI=[1.56,2.54] to the Northwest of Portugal in the time period between2014 and 2015, specifically at the regions of Minho and Douro Litoral. Almost 2 ofevery 100 inhabitants of the Portuguese Northwest suffer from visual impairment.This prevalence value is in line with the values in some countries, particularly withSpain. Diabetic Retinopathy was the main cause (31%), followed by Cataract (15%),Age-related Macular Degeneration (14%) and Glaucoma (10%). This thesis provides asignificant contribution to the understanding of the CR methodology in human populations and for the knowledge of the epidemiological information about VI inPortugal.
|
|
| 26. |
- Lincke, Alisa, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
AI-Based Decision-Support System for Diagnosing Acanthamoeba Keratitis Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Images
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Translational Vision Science & Technology. - : Association for research in vision and ophthalmology (ARVO). - 2164-2591. ; 12:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the cornea is a valuable tool for clinical assessment of the cornea but does not provide stand-alone diagnostic support. The aim of this work was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-support system (DSS) for automated diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) using IVCM images.Methods: The automated workflow for the AI-based DSS was defined and implemented using deep learning models, image processing techniques, rule-based decisions, and valuable input from domain experts. The models were evaluated with 5-fold-cross validation on a dataset of 85 patients (47,734 IVCM images from healthy, AK, and other disease cases) collected at a single eye clinic in Sweden. The developed DSS was validated on an additional 26 patients (21,236 images).Results: Overall, the DSS uses as input raw unprocessed IVCM image data, successfully separates artefacts from true images (93% accuracy), then classifies the remaining images by their corneal layer (90% accuracy). The DSS subsequently predicts if the cornea is healthy or diseased (95% model accuracy). In disease cases, the DSS detects images with AK signs with 84% accuracy, and further localizes the regions of diagnostic value with 76.5% accuracy.Conclusions: The proposed AI-based DSS can automatically and accurately preprocess IVCM images (separating artefacts and sorting images into corneal layers) which decreases screening time. The accuracy of AK detection using raw IVCM images must be further explored and improved.Translational Relevance: The proposed automated DSS for experienced specialists assists in diagnosing AK using IVCM images.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Markoulli, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia : Epidemiology and impact
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Contact lens & anterior eye. - : Elsevier. - 1367-0484 .- 1476-5411.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional' presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
|
|
| 29. |
- Marques, Ana Patricia, et al.
(författare)
-
Productivity Losses and Their Explanatory Factors Amongst People with Impaired Vision
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmic Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0928-6586 .- 1744-5086. ; 26:6, s. 378-392
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To estimate productivity losses amongst people with impaired vision in Portugal and to investigate explanatory factors associated with non-participation in the labour market.Methods: A total of 546 visually impaired individuals participated in face-to-face interviews. Participants were asked about their workforce participation to determine productivity (employment status questionnaire), their health-related quality of life – HRQoL (EQ-5D) and their visual acuity and visual ability (Activity Inventory). Productivity losses included absenteeism and reduction in workforce participation. Logistic regression was used to determine independent factors associated with participation in the labour market.Results: From the 546 participants, 50% were retired, 47% were of working age and 3% were students. The employment rate was 28%, and the unemployment rate was 21% for the working age sample. For those of working age, productivity losses were estimated at €1.51 million per year, mean of €5496 per participant. The largest contributor to productivity losses was reduced workforce participation, estimated from 159 early retired or unemployed participants. After controlling for visual acuity and ability, younger individuals, with more years of education, without comorbidities and high HRQoL had a higher probability of being employed.Conclusions: Our findings show a high unemployment rate and high productivity losses amongst people with impaired vision. The probability of being employed was associated with education, HRQoL and comorbidities. We speculate that promoting education and health through effective visual rehabilitation programs may help to increase participation in the labour market. These findings can inform decisions to intervene to reduce the burden of vision loss.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Pazhoohi, Farid, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Differences for Preferences of Shoulder to Hip Ratio in Men and Women : an Eye Tracking Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Evolutionary Psychological Science. - : Springer. - 2198-9885. ; 5:4, s. 405-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shoulder to hip ratio (SHR) is a sexually dimorphic trait in humans, yet no previous study has investigated the gazing behavior and perceived physical attractiveness of men and women in relation to men and women’s SHRs. Men and women are attentive to men’s upper body and consider higher SHRs as cues to masculinity, strength, and formidability. Moreover, while women’s shoulder width varies from one individual to another, to our knowledge no previous study has investigated perceived attractiveness and eye movement in relation to women’s SHR. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated attractiveness ratings and eye movements of both men and women to front- and back-posed male and female stimuli varying in SHR. Our results showed that men prefer more masculine ratios for men and less masculine ratios for women. However, the results also showed that women preferred an intermediate SHR for both men and women in the back view while their preference in the front view is not influenced by SHR. Eye movements showed that men viewed the chest region of other men in the front and back views of stimuli, and they had longer dwell time on chests of male stimuli with higher SHRs, while no significant difference was found for dwell time on chests of female stimuli varying in SHR. Also, no differences were observed for female participants in dwell time, for either chest regions of SHRs of male stimuli or for the chests of female stimuli. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that men more than women are attentive to variations in SHRs.
|
|
| 32. |
- Pazhoohi, Farid, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of women’s leg posture on gazing behavior and perceived attractiveness
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Current Psychology. - Berlin : Springer. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 39:3, s. 1049-1054
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subtle nonverbal changes can influence perception, signal individual’s affective state and act as gateways in interpersonal communications. In this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of previously uninvestigated female leg posture (in-toeing vs. out-toeing) on gazing behavior and perceived attractiveness. Results showed a small effect: participants fixated more and spent more time looking at the legs and feet of the stimuli with in-toeing feet than parallel and out-toeing feet. Likewise, we found a small effect for the perception of the attractiveness. In line with the previous studies, we suggest in-toeing feet might signal femininity and submission and discussed our results accordingly.
|
|
| 33. |
- Pazhoohi, Farid, et al.
(författare)
-
Waist-to-Hip Ratio as Supernormal Stimuli : Effect of Contrapposto Pose and Viewing Angle
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 49, s. 837-847
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In women, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is an indicator of attractiveness, health, youthfulness, and reproductive potential. In the current study, we hypothesized that viewing angle and body postures influence the attractiveness of these forms based on the view dependency of WHR stimuli (vdWHR). Using eye tracking, we quantified the number of fixations and dwell time on 3D images of a female avatar in two different poses (standing and contrapposto) from eight viewing angles incrementing in 45 degrees of rotation. A total of 68 heterosexual individuals (25 men and 43 women) participated in the study. Results showed that the contrapposto pose was perceived as more attractive than the standing pose and that lower vdWHR sides of the stimuli attracted more first fixation, total fixations, and dwell time. Overall, the results supported that WHR is view-dependent and vdWHRs lower than optimal WHRs are supernormal stimuli that may generate peak shifts in responding. Results are discussed in terms of the attractiveness of women’s movements (gaits and dance) and augmented artistic presentations.
|
|
| 34. |
- Rocha, João Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends, geographical variation and factors associated with the use of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in Portugal (2013–2018): a retrospective analysis of administrative data
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The arrival of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies represented a treatment shift for several ophthalmological disorders and led to an increasing number of patients undergoing intravitreal injections. The aims of this observational study were to assess the expansion of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in the Portuguese National Health System (NHS) and to identify factors correlated with geographical variations in episode rates.Methods Administrative database on discharge from Portuguese NHS hospitals was analysed for annual values and rates of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections at a national and regional level, between 2013 and 2018.Results The number of episodes of anti-VEGF treatment and patients treated increased 16% and 9% per year, respectively, between 2013 and 2018. During the study period around 72% of patients were treated in the Metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto and in the Central region. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment rates in 2018 were 560 per 100 000 population and presented high variability between municipalities. Higher anti-VEGF treatment rates at the municipality level were associated with shorter distances between their residence and the hospital. At the hospital level, higher ratio of ophthalmologists and higher organisational level were associated with higher anti-VEGF treatment rates.Conclusion The number of episodes and patients treated with anti-VEGF injections has been growing in recent years. Proximity to healthcare, more access to ophthalmologists and hospitals with higher organisational levels are associated with higher anti-VEGF treatment rates. Improving access is crucial to reduce regional discrepancies and ensure optimal treatment frequency, which may improve health outcomes.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Roth, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Dry eye symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index inSweden: a short report from a pilot study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science. - : Norges optikerforbund. - 1891-0882 .- 1891-0890. ; 15:1, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population.
|
|
| 37. |
- Santos, Diana, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of the use of cane on the gait cycle of individuals who are blind
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The British Journal of Visual Impairment. - : Sage Publications. - 0264-6196 .- 1744-5809. ; 36:3, s. 251-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to perform a biomechanical characterization of the gait cycle in individuals who are blind. Five individuals with ages between 16 and 19 years participated in this study. The task consisted of walks of 12m measured in two conditions: (1) with cane and (2) wihtout cane; a total of 20 walks in each condition were performed. During walks, participants were monitored with a Vicon 3D-motion capture system. Spatialtemporal, kinematic, kinetic, and dynamic parameters were recorded and compared between the two conditions. We observed an interaction between the condition and ankle angular measures (p = .003); the interaction was due to differences induced by condition in instants ‘opposite toe off’ (p = .045) and ‘opposite initial contact’ (p = .019). We also obtained a significant difference in the negative ankle-joint-power measures between conditions (p = .044). This study showed that the use of cane changes the gait pattern in individuals who are blind. The subtle changes in ankle behaviour when walking with a cane, compared with no cane, suggest better application of the force during the initial stages of support leading to a more comfortable gait. This type of assessment of gait may be important to improve mobility training and rehabilitation strategies.
|
|
| 38. |
- Senra, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Anxiety levels moderate the association between visual acuity and health-related quality of life in chronic eye disease patients.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study examines the potential moderating effect of depression and anxiety on the relationship between visual acuity and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic eye diseases. Of the 71 patients, 37 (52%) were female and 34 (48%) were male, age (mean ± SD) was 69 ± 12 years. A significant multivariate regression model was found for patients' health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L index) (R2 = 0.43, p < 0.001), in which visual acuity (logMAR) (p < 0.001), anxiety (HADS-A) (p = 0.007), and age of diagnosis (p = 0.04) were independently associated with health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). The moderation model for anxiety (R2 = 0.47, F = 5.91, p < 0.001) revealed a significant interaction of visual acuity and levels of anxiety in relation to health-related quality of life. Conditional effects analysis suggested that higher logMAR values (which indicate more vision loss) were associated with lower EQ-5D-5L index (indicating worse health-related quality of life), this relationship being stronger (even more negative), when levels of anxiety are high. Clinical and rehabilitation services providing care for chronic eye disease patients should include regular checks for patients' levels of anxiety, even in patients who still have preserved visual acuity, to help preventing a synergistic source of long-term poor quality of life and disability.
|
|
| 39. |
- Senra, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration : A Systematic Review
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 27:8, s. 755-773
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To review the current literature on psychosocial and psychological interventions to prevent and treat depression and anxiety in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods We conducted a systematic review of literature evaluating psychosocial and psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in AMD patients. Primary searches of PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, Global Health, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct were conducted to include all papers published until April 21st. 2018. Results Of a total of 398 citations retrieved, we selected 12 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2016. We found 9 randomized controlled trials (RCT), and 3 non-randomised intervention (NRI) studies. RCT studies suggested that interventions using group self-management techniques, and individual behavioural activation plus low vision rehabilitation can be effective to treat and prevent depression in AMD patients, and one study suggested that a stepped-care intervention using cognitive-behavioural techniques can be effective to manage anxiety and depression over time. NRI studies highlighted a positive effect of self-help and emotion-focused interventions to reduce depression. Conclusions Clinical practice with AMD patients can rely on some tailored cognitive-behavioural therapeutic protocols to improve patients’ mental health, but further clinical trials will generate the necessary evidence-based knowledge to improve those therapeutic techniques and offer additional tailored interventions for AMD patients.
|
|
| 40. |
- Soares, Ana Paula, et al.
(författare)
-
Lexico-syntactic interactions during the processing of temporally ambiguous L2 relative clauses : An eye-tracking study with intermediate and advanced Portuguese-English bilinguals
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:5, s. 1-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is extensive evidence showing that bilinguals activate the lexical and the syntactic representations of both languages in a nonselective way. However, the extent to which the lexical and the syntactic levels of representations interact during second language (L2) sentence processing and how those interactions are modulated by L2 proficiency remain unclear. This paper aimed to directly address these issues by using an online technique (eye-tracking) that is highly sensitive to the lexical and syntactic processes involved in sentence reading. To that purpose, native-speakers of European Portuguese (EP) learning English as L2 at intermediate and advanced levels of proficiency were asked to silently read temporally ambiguous L2 relative clause (RC) sentences disambiguated with a High-Attachment (HA) or Low-Attachment (LA) strategy while their eye-movements were monitored. Since EP and English native speakers differ in the way they process and comprehend this syntactic structure (EP: HA, English: LA), HA preferences were used as a marker of L1 RC syntax interference. Additionally, the cognate status of the complex NP that preceded the RC was manipulated to further analyze how the lexical co-activation of both languages would also affect the syntactic representations of the non-target (L1) language. Results showed cognate facilitation in early and late reading time measures regardless of L2 proficiency, and also that the cognate status of the complex NP impacted L2 reading performance, particularly at lower levels of L2 proficiency. These findings provide compelling evidence for a bilingual reading system that seems to be highly dynamic and interactive not only within each level of processing, but, importantly, across levels of representation. They also suggested that, as the level of L2 proficiency increases, L1 RC syntax interference becomes stronger, in a syntactic parser that seems to operate in a more integrated and nonselective way, with both strategies being equally available to guide L2 reading comprehension. Results are discussed attending to the current models of bilingual syntactic processing.
|
|
