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| 2. |
- Fearnley, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Best practices and recommendations on policy packaging
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report, which is the final deliverable of the Optic project (Optimal Policies for Transport In Combination), summarises two years of collaborative research into the policy process of combining individual measures into policy packages.Six stages of the policy process are identified. This report gives practical and general advice for each of these stages:Define objectives and targetsCreate an inventory of measures, identify potential primary measures and detect causal relationshipsAssess policy packageModify packagePackage implementationEvaluate effects, introduce remedial actionsIn addition, this report explores in further detail indicators and tools for the assessment of policy packages; the management of barriers; and issues of transferability.
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| 3. |
- Givoni, Moshe, et al.
(författare)
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Inventory of measures, typology of non-intentional effects and a framework for policy packaging
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document represents the conceptual foundations of the EU-FP7 OPTIC project. As such, it seeks to provide a range of theoretical resources with which to develop an informed and pragmatic understanding of the complex causal processes involved in contemporary transport policy-making at the European level. Specifically, this deliverable aims to further methodological advancement with respect to the identification, classification, ex-ante prevention and ex-post mitigation of policies' unintended effects, and the systematic manner in which individual policy measures may be combined so as to improve their effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility. Overall, we argue that policy packaging can offer a far greater potential for achieving policy targets and objectives than single policy measures deployed in isolation. Yet, a careful and relatively well designed process must be undertaken for such packages to be effective.
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| 4. |
- Kessler, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Best Practice in Policy Package Design
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable focuses on the identification and analysis of best practice examples of policy package design. For this purpose a methodology is developed that allows the systematic analysis of both national and EU policy packages. Eight packages were selected and analysed, highlighting the factors which supported the design and implementation process in each case. The results of the analysis show which factors led to these cases to be considered best practice. In addition, factors are identified which are not yet part of the generic policy packaging framework presented in earlier OPTIC Deliverables. The consideration of these factors will help to further improve the framework in the subsequent work packages.
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| 5. |
- Mehta, Rohtesh S., et al.
(författare)
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GRFS and CRFS in alternative donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for pediatric patients with acute leukemia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 3:9, s. 1441-1449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) (a composite end point of survival without grade III-IV acute GVHD [aGVHD], systemic therapy-requiring chronic GVHD [cGVHD], or relapse) and cGVHD-free relapse-free survival (CRFS) among pediatric patients with acute leukemia (n = 1613) who underwent transplantation with 1 antigen-mismatched (7/8) bone marrow (BM; n = 172) or umbilical cord blood (UCB; n = 1441). Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models. To account for multiple testing, P < .01 for the donor/graft variable was considered statistically significant. Clinical characteristics were similar between UCB and 7/8 BM recipients, because most had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (62%), 64% received total body irradiation-based conditioning, and 60% received anti-thymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab. Methotrexate-based GVHD prophylaxis was more common with 7/8 BM (79%) than with UCB (15%), in which mycophenolate mofetil was commonly used. The univariate estimates of GRFS and CRFS were 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16-29) and 27% (95% CI, 20-34), respectively, with 7/8 BM and 33% (95% CI, 31-36) and 38% (95% CI, 35-40), respectively, with UCB (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, 7/8 BM vs UCB had similar GRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87-1.45; P = .39), CRFS (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82-1.38; P = .66), overall survival (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.80-1.44; P = .66), and relapse (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03-2.02; P = .03). However, the 7/8 BM group had a significantly higher risk for grade III-IV aGVHD (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16-2.48; P = .006) compared with the UCB group. UCB and 7/8 BM groups had similar outcomes, as measured by GRFS and CRFS. However, given the higher risk for grade III-IV aGVHD, UCB might be preferred for patients lacking matched donors.
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| 6. |
- Saad, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of T Cell Dose on Outcome of T Cell-Replete HLA-Matched Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 25:9, s. 1875-1883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data on whether the T cell dose of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products influences transplantation outcomes are conflicting. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we identified 2736 adult patients who underwent first allogeneic PBSC transplantation for acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome between 2008 and 2014 using an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD) or an 8/8-matched unrelated donor (MUD). We excluded ex vivo and in vivo T cell-depleted transplantations. Correlative analysis was performed between CD3(+) T cell dose and the risk of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), relapse, nonrelapse mortality (NRM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Using maximum likelihood estimation, we identified CD3(+) T cell dose cutoff that separated the risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) grade II-IV in both the MSD and MUD groups. A CD3(+) T cell dose cutoff of 14 x 10(7) cells/kg identified MSD/low CD3(+) (n = 223) and MSD/high CD3(+) (n = 1214), and a dose of 15 x 107 cells/kg identified MUD/low (n = 197) and MUD/high CD3(+) (n = 1102). On univariate analysis, the MSD/high CD3(+) group had a higher cumulative incidence of day +100 aGVHD grade II-IV compared with the MSD/low CD3(+) group (33% versus 25%; P=.009). There were no differences between the 2 groups in engraftment rate, risk of aGVHD grade III-IV or chronic GVHD (cGVHD), NRM, relapse, DFS, or OS. The MUD/high CD3(+) group had a higher cumulative incidence of day +100 aGVHD grade II-IV compared with the MUD/low CD3(+) group (49% versus 41%; P=.04). There were no differences between the 2 groups in engraftment rate, risk of severe aGVHD or cGVHD, NRM, relapse, DFS, or OS. Multivariate analysis of the MSD and MUD groups failed to show an association between CD3(+) T cell dose and the risk of either aGVHD grade II-IV (P=.10 and .07, respectively) or cGVHD (P = .80 and .30, respectively). Subanalysis of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio failed to identify cutoff values predictive of transplantation outcomes; however, using the log-rank test, the sample size was suboptimal for identifying a difference at this cutoff cell dose. In this registry study, the CD3(+) T cell dose of PBSC products did not influence the risk of aGVHD or cGVHD or other transplantation outcomes when using an MSD or an 8/8-matched MUD. Subset analyses of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell doses were not possible given our small sample size. (C) 2019 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 7. |
- Sim, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
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Language and social/emotional problems identified at a universal developmental assessment at 30 months.
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 13:206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Preschool language and neurodevelopmental problems often persist and impe de learning. The aims of the current study are to assess the uptake of a new univer sal 30 month health visitor contact and to quantify the prevalence of language delay and social/emotional dif ficulties. Methods All families of 30 month old children in four Glasgow localities were offered a visit from their health visitor. Structured data were collected relating t o language, social and emotional development using three instruments; The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the abbreviated Sure Start Language Measure and a two-item language s creen. Results From an eligible population of 543 children, there was a 90% return rat e of contact forms from the health visitors, and assessments were completed on 78% of e ligible children. Visit completion rates did not differ significantly by socio-economic st atus. 3-8% of children were reported to have language delay depending on the method of asses sment. 8.8% of children scored in the “abnormal” range of SDQ total difficulties scores and 31.1% had an abnormality in at least one subscale. There was substantial over lap between language delay and abnormal scores on the SDQ. Conclusions Universal assessment of neurodevelopmental function at 30 months identifi ed a significant proportion of children, including those previously considered at low risk, wit h both language and social/emotional difficulties. Further work is required to asses s the precise nature of these difficulties and to assess the potential impact on services.
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| 8. |
- Åkerman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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How to manage barriers to formation and implementation of policy packages in transport
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study has been to explore success factors and barriers to the formation and implementation of single policy measures and policy packages in transport, and to identify strategies to manage such barriers. As a first step, we developed a typology of barriers and success factors for policy formation and implementation. Secondly, we carried out an empirical analysis of barriers and success factors in four cases of policy packaging: Urban Congestion Charging; National Heavy Vehicle Fees; Aviation in the European Emissions Trading System and The EU’s First Railway Package. The third and final task was to identify more general strategies to manage barriers in policy formation and implementation. A main conclusion in this report is that a conscious application of these strategies may contribute significantly to successful formation and implementation of even controversial policies or policy packages.
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