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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Athlete burnout : review and recommendations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current opinion in psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-250X. ; 16, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last two decades, growing concerns regarding the negative implications of athlete burnout have spurred empirical research on the topic. In their citation network analysis of the burnout literature, Gustafsson et al. (2014), cited well over 100 publications on the syndrome. Despite considerable investigation into athlete burnout, there remain a number of unresolved questions and issues. Four main aims guide the current review. First, we highlight various models of athlete burnout. Second, we discuss the measurement of athlete burnout. Third, we describe the symptoms, antecedents, and consequences of athlete burnout with a focus on social perceptions and perfectionism. Finally, we provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of athlete burnout via an illustration of links between theory and practice. It is our hope that this review can stimulate future research in order to help athletes avoid burnout and other severe forms of training maladaptation.
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| 4. |
- Pires, Daniel Alvarez, et al.
(författare)
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Five unsolved issues concerning burnout in athletes : An expert perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sports Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 2674-0052. ; 3:1, s. 39-46
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Concern about mental health is an increasingly relevant topic in high-performance sport. In this regard, because burnout can be harmful to both the health and performance of athletes, it is of particular importance. Although a great deal of time and effort has been dedicated to the study of athlete burnout, there are still issues that require further work. Therefore, in the present paper, we aim to highlight what, in our perspective, are the most important unsolved issues regarding burnout in athletes. Methods: We brought together expert athlete burnout scholars to offer their perspectives on five unresolved issues in this research area. Results: We describe the following five issues that require further research attention: (i) burnout as a syndrome, (ii) the negative consequences of burnout, (iii) the role of recovery in burnout, (iv) the importance of the social environment, and (v) developing effective interventions to reduce/prevent burnout. Conclusion: Our commentary provides suggestions for future research to help solve these problems, advance our understanding of athlete burnout, and ultimately safeguard the mental health of athletes.
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| 5. |
- Gerber, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Athlete Burnout, Insomnia, and Polysomnographic Indices in Young Elite Athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - CHAMPAIGN, IL, USA : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 40:6, s. 312-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have examined the association between sleep and burnout symptoms in elite athletes. We recruited 257 young elite athletes (M-age = 16.8 years) from Swiss Olympic partner schools. Of these, 197 were reassessed 6 months later. Based on the first assessment, 24 participants with clinically relevant burnout symptoms volunteered to participate in a polysomnographic examination and were compared with 26 (matched) healthy controls. Between 12% and 14% of young elite athletes reported burnout symptoms of potential clinical relevance, whereas 4-11% reported clinically relevant insomnia symptoms. Athletes with clinically relevant burnout symptoms reported significantly more insomnia symptoms, more dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions, and spent less time in bed during weeknights (p<.05). However, no significant differences were found for objective sleep parameters. A cross-lagged panel analysis showed that burnout positively predicted self-reported insomnia symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral interventions to treat dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions might be a promising measure to reduce subjective sleep complaints among young elite athletes.
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| 6. |
- Gerber, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of stress and mental toughness on burnout and depressive symptoms : A prospective study with young elite athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 21:12, s. 1200-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine in a sample of young elite athletes (a) the presence of clinically relevant symptoms of burnout and depression, and (b) a possible interaction of perceived stress and mental toughness in the prediction of burnout and depressive symptoms. Design: 6-month prospective study. Methods: A representative sample of 257 young elite athletes (M = 16.82 years, SD = 1.44, 36% females) was recruited in North–Western Switzerland. 197 athletes were followed-up across a 6-month period. Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Values of ≥4.40 (SMBM) and >14 (PHQ-9) were considered indicative of clinically relevant burnout or depression. Stress perceptions were assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and mental toughness with the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test stress-buffering effects. Results: The percentage of athletes with clinically relevant levels of burnout and depressive symptoms was 12% and 9%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses showed that compared to participants with low mental toughness, those with higher mental toughness scores reported significantly fewer mental health issues, when exposed to high stress. By contrast, when stress levels were low, mental toughness was unrelated to psychological health complaints. Conclusions: About every tenth young elite athlete reported burnout or depressive symptoms of potential clinical relevance. While high perceived stress was associated with increased psychological health complaints, mental toughness was able to off-set some of the negative consequences resulting from high stress exposure.
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| 7. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(författare)
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Disorganized attachment in infancy : a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Attachment & Human Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 19:6, s. 534-558
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disorganized/Disoriented (D) attachment has seen widespread interest from policy makers, practitioners, and clinicians in recent years. However, some of this interest seems to have been based on some false assumptions that (1) attachment measures can be used as definitive assessments of the individual in forensic/child protection settings and that disorganized attachment (2) reliably indicates child maltreatment, (3) is a strong predictor of pathology, and (4) represents a fixed or static trait of the child, impervious to development or help. This paper summarizes the evidence showing that these four assumptions are false and misleading. The paper reviews what is known about disorganized infant attachment and clarifies the implications of the classification for clinical and welfare practice with children. In particular, the difference between disorganized attachment and attachment disorder is examined, and a strong case is made for the value of attachment theory for supportive work with families and for the development and evaluation of evidence-based caregiving interventions.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout in Athletes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Handbuch Stressregulation und Sport. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783662493229 - 9783662493212 ; , s. 489-504
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although most athletes do from time to time experience symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion, they are probably never near more maladaptive states such as burnout. Being physically tired after a long training camp or feeling drained after along season is normal for competitive athletes. After short recovery periods, the motivation for more training and new competitions quickly returns. However, a small number of athletes (1–2%) will experience a more serious and chronic state of exhaustion that eventually can lead to a total withdrawal from sport indicative of burnout. Among these are often the most ambitious and talented athletes which is problematic for talent development programs and a potential tragedy for the athlete (Gustafsson, Kenttä, Hassmén, and Lundqvist 2007). In this chapter we will give an overview of the athlete burnout literature. This includes a critical stance towards our current knowledge and how future research can increase our understanding of athlete burnout. Finally, we aim to present examples of how theory can inform practice, and we will make suggestions for prevention and treatment in order to help talented athletes avoid burnout symptoms and more severe forms of training maladaptation.
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| 10. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Commentary: Early Risk Detection of Burnout
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Madigan, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on the Future of Burnout in Sport
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. - : Human Kinetics. - 1932-9261 .- 1932-927X. ; 16:1, s. 75-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present editorial provides a series of perspectives on the future of burnout in sport. Specifically, for the first time, seven burnout researchers have offered their opinions and suggestions for how, as a field, we can progress our understanding of this important topic. A broad range of ideas are discussed, including the relevance of the social context, the value of theory and collaboration, and the use of public health frameworks in future work. It is hoped that these perspectives will help stimulate debate, reinforce and renew priorities, and guide research in this area over the coming years.
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| 12. |
- Madigan, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Reducing Burnout in Athletes
- 2023. - 1st
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Mental Health in Elite Sport. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003099345 ; , s. 177-187
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Burnout is a growing concern for those working in sport. This is because burnout is relatively common among athletes, and it negatively influences their performance, motivation, and well-being. However, currently, few guidelines exist for how to deal with burnout in practice. Consequently, the present chapter seeks to provide initial recommendations for how to reduce burnout in athletes. To do so, we first provide an introduction to athlete burnout. This includes a definition and description of burnout, details of how to measure burnout, models outlining the development of burnout, and an overview of the consequences of burnout for athletes. We then provide a review of research that has examined the efficacy of interventions in reducing burnout. Because of a lack of studies in sport, this review focuses on studies in other professions such as physicians, nurses, and teachers, where much more evidence exists. We review 13 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of burnout interventions in these professions. Based on the findings of this review, we provide suggestions for how practitioners might reduce burnout in athletes. It is hoped that these suggestions are useful in alleviating the symptoms of burnout, and safeguarding athletes from its negative consequences.
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| 13. |
- Nixdorf, Raphael, et al.
(författare)
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Depression, Athlete Burnout, and Overtraining : A Review of Similarities and Differences
- 2023
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Mental Health in Elite Sport. - New York : Routledge. - 9781003099345 - 9780367567866 - 9780367567880 ; , s. 188-200
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is considerable debate as to whether depression and burnout are distinct syndromes, and, if they are, how they should be diagnosed. In athletes, the situation is even more complex as overtraining syndrome also needs to be considered. All three constructs do indeed share some symptoms (e.g., fatigue) and aetiology (e.g., chronic stress). Importantly, there are also considerable differences. This chapter therefore aims to provide an overview on the current state of research on these matters and provide an integrative model on the three constructs. We then use this information to provide practical recommendations for identifying, differentiating, and managing cases when symptoms related to depression, burnout, and overtraining are presented.
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| 14. |
- Nordin-Bates, Sanna M, et al.
(författare)
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Perfectionism, Burnout, and Motivation in Dance : A Replication and Test of the 2×2 Model of Perfectionism.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science. - 1089-313X. ; 21:3, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationships between multidimensional perfectionism, burnout, and motivation were examined. In so doing, this study aimed to replicate and extend the study by Cumming and Duda (2012). Ninety-one ballet dancers completed questionnaires assessing the target constructs. Using cluster analysis, four profiles emerged that replicated Cumming and Duda's findings and generally supported Gaudrau and Thompson's 2x2 model of perfectionism. As such, these profiles represented pure personal standards perfectionism, mixed perfectionism, pure evaluative concerns perfectionism, and non-perfectionism. Extending previous literature, the four profiles were then compared on a range of burnout symptoms and motivational regulations. It was found that the four clusters differed significantly on these constructs, in a manner partly supportive of the hypotheses associated with the 2x2 model of perfectionism. In particular, our results reflect and extend those of Cumming and Duda, in that mixed perfectionism and pure evaluative concerns perfectionism did not differ on any of the measures. Thus, the higher personal standards of dancers exhibiting mixed perfectionism did not appear to be associated with better functioning than that experienced by dancers with pure evaluative concerns perfectionism. Altogether, the study extends our current understanding of perfectionism in dance and its potential effects, including those on burnout and motivation.
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| 15. |
- Nordin-Bates, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Perfectionism and performance in sport : Exploring non-linear relationships with track and field athletes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between perfectionism – perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns – and athletic performance is contested and inconsistent. The present study explored the possibility that one explanation for this inconsistency is the assumption that the relationship is linear. In two samples, we tested alternative non-linear relationships between perfectionism and real-world competitive athletic performance. Sample one comprised 165 Swedish track and field athletes (57 % competing in female category, 42 % in male category; Mage = 16.93 years) and sample two comprised 157 British track and field athletes (55 % competing in female category, 43 % in male category; Mage = 18.42 years). Testing for linear and non-linear relationships, we found a quadratic effect whereby higher perfectionistic strivings had both positive increasing (i.e., U-shape; sample 1) and positive decreasing (i.e., inverted U-shape; sample 2) relationships with performance. We conclude that there may be circumstances when perfectionistic strivings contribute to better and worse sport performance, and that this relationship can be curvilinear.
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| 16. |
- Roh, Hyung S., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Color Deconvolution Thresholding and Weakly Supervised Learning for Automated Segmentation of Neurofibrillary Tangle and Neuropil Threads
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023 : Digital and Computational Pathology - Digital and Computational Pathology. - 1605-7422. - 9781510660472 ; 12471
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins are known to be a major indicator of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with strong association with memory loss and cognitive decline. Automated generation of pixel-wise accurate neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads (NTs) segmentation is a challenging task, due to lack of ground truth segmentation data of these abnormal tau pathology. This problem is most prominent in the case of segmenting NTs, where the small threadlike morphology makes pixel-wise labeling a laborious task and unrealistic for large-scale studies. Lack of ground truth data poses a significant limitation for many learning-based methods to generate accurate segmentations of NFTs and NTs. This work presents an automated pipeline for pixel level segmentation of NFTs and NTs that does not rely on ground truth segmentation data. The pipeline is composed of four main steps: (1) color deconvolution is used to separate histopathology images into staining channels (DAB, Hematoxylin, and Eosin), (2) Otsu's thresholding is used on the DAB stain channel to generate pixel level segmentation of abnormal tau proteins staining, (3) a weakly-supervised learning paradigm (WildCat), using only global descriptors of images, is used to generate density maps of potential regions of NFTs and NTs, and (4) density maps and segmentations are then integrated using connected component analysis to localize NFTs and NTs in the detected tau segmentations. Our results show high global classification accuracy for NFTs (Acc:0.96) and NTs (Acc:0.91), and statistically significant distinctions when evaluating the percent area occupied of the detected NTs relative to expert ratings of NTs severity. Qualitative assessment of the NFTs and NTs results showed accurate pixel-level segmentations of the NFTs, while modest performance for NTs.
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| 17. |
- Sadaghiani, Shokufeh, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of phosphorylated tau pathology with whole-hemisphere ex vivo morphometry in 7 tesla MRI
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:6, s. 2355-2364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with different pathologies that often co-occur but cannot be measured specifically with in vivo methods. Methods: Thirty-three brain hemispheres from donors with an Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum diagnosis underwent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gray matter thickness was paired with histopathology from the closest anatomic region in the contralateral hemisphere. Results: Partial Spearman correlation of phosphorylated tau and cortical thickness with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and α-synuclein scores, age, sex, and postmortem interval as covariates showed significant relationships in entorhinal and primary visual cortices, temporal pole, and insular and posterior cingulate gyri. Linear models including Braak stages, TDP-43 and α-synuclein scores, age, sex, and postmortem interval showed significant correlation between Braak stage and thickness in the parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and Broadman area 35. Conclusion: We demonstrated an association of measures of AD pathology with tissue loss in several AD regions despite a limited range of pathology in these cases. Highlights: Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with co-occurring pathologies that cannot be measured specifically with in vivo methods. Identification of the topographic patterns of these pathologies in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide probabilistic biomarkers. We demonstrated the correlation of the specific patterns of tissue loss from ex vivo brain MRI with underlying pathologies detected in postmortem brain hemispheres in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum disorders. The results provide insight into the interpretation of in vivo structural MRI studies in patients with AD spectrum disorders.
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| 18. |
- Yushkevich, Paul A., et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional mapping of neurofibrillary tangle burden in the human medial temporal lobe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 144:9, s. 2784-2797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tau protein neurofibrillary tangles are closely linked to neuronal/synaptic loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Our knowledge of the pattern of neurofibrillary tangle progression in the human brain, critical to the development of imaging biomarkers and interpretation of in vivo imaging studies in Alzheimer's disease, is based on conventional two-dimensional histology studies that only sample the brain sparsely. To address this limitation, ex vivo MRI and dense serial histological imaging in 18 human medial temporal lobe specimens (age 75.3 ± 11.4 years, range 45 to 93) were used to construct three-dimensional quantitative maps of neurofibrillary tangle burden in the medial temporal lobe at individual and group levels. Group-level maps were obtained in the space of an in vivo brain template, and neurofibrillary tangles were measured in specific anatomical regions defined in this template. Three-dimensional maps of neurofibrillary tangle burden revealed significant variation along the anterior-posterior axis. While early neurofibrillary tangle pathology is thought to be confined to the transentorhinal region, we found similar levels of burden in this region and other medial temporal lobe subregions, including amygdala, temporopolar cortex, and subiculum/cornu ammonis 1 hippocampal subfields. Overall, the three-dimensional maps of neurofibrillary tangle burden presented here provide more complete information about the distribution of this neurodegenerative pathology in the region of the cortex where it first emerges in Alzheimer's disease, and may help inform the field about the patterns of pathology spread, as well as support development and validation of neuroimaging biomarkers.
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