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Sökning: WFRF:(Magne R.)

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1.
  • Bécoulet, A., et al. (författare)
  • Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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2.
  • Adam, A, et al. (författare)
  • Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 14:Suppl 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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3.
  • Saliba-Gustafsson, P., et al. (författare)
  • Subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression are modulated by PLIN2 through a feed-forward loop between LXR and autophagy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 660-675
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of both myocardial infarction and stroke. We have previously shown that the Pro251 variant of perilipin-2 reduces plasma triglycerides and may therefore be beneficial to reduce atherosclerosis development. Objective We sought to delineate putative beneficial effects of the Pro251 variant of perlipin-2 on subclinical atherosclerosis and the mechanism by which it acts. Methods A pan-European cohort of high-risk individuals where carotid intima-media thickness has been assessed was adopted. Human primary monocyte-derived macrophages were prepared from whole blood from individuals recruited by perilipin-2 genotype or from buffy coats from the Karolinska University hospital blood central. Results The Pro251 variant of perilipin-2 is associated with decreased intima-media thickness at baseline and over 30 months of follow-up. Using human primary monocyte-derived macrophages from carriers of the beneficial Pro251 variant, we show that this variant increases autophagy activity, cholesterol efflux and a controlled inflammatory response. Through extensive mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that increase in autophagy activity is accompanied with an increase in liver-X-receptor (LXR) activity and that LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other in a feed-forward loop, regulated by CYP27A1 and 27OH-cholesterol. Conclusions For the first time, we show that perilipin-2 affects susceptibility to human atherosclerosis through activation of autophagy and stimulation of cholesterol efflux. We demonstrate that perilipin-2 modulates levels of the LXR ligand 27OH-cholesterol and initiates a feed-forward loop where LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other; the mechanism by which perilipin-2 exerts its beneficial effects on subclinical atherosclerosis.
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4.
  • Frisk, U., et al. (författare)
  • The Odin satellite - I. Radiometer design and test
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402:3, s. L27-L34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) is the main instrument on the Swedish, Canadian, Finnish and French spacecraft Odin. It consists of a 1.1 metre diameter telescope with four tuneable heterodyne receivers covering the ranges 486-504 GHz and 541-581 GHz, and one fixed at 118.75 GHz together with backends that provide spectral resolution from 150 kHz to 1 MHz. This Letter describes the Odin radiometer, its operation and performance with the data processing and calibration described in Paper II.
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5.
  • Hillairet, J., et al. (författare)
  • Recent progress on lower hybrid current drive and implications for ITER
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The sustainment of steady-state plasmas in tokamaks requires efficient current drive systems. Lower hybrid current drive is currently the most efficient method to generate a continuous additional off-axis toroidal plasma current and to reduce the poloidal flux consumption during the plasma current ramp-up phase. The operation of the Tore Supra ITER-like lower hybrid (LH) launcher has demonstrated the capability to couple LH power at ITER-like power densities with very low reflected power during long pulses. In addition, the installation of eight 700 kW/CW klystrons at the LH transmitter has allowed increasing the total LH power in long-pulse scenarios. However, in order to achieve pure stationary LH-sustained plasmas, some R&D is needed to increase the reliability of all the systems and codes, from radio-frequency (RF) sources to plasma scenario prediction. The CEA/IRFM is addressing some of these issues by leading a R&D programme towards an ITER LH system and by the validation of an integrated LH modelling suite of codes. In 2011, the RF design of a mode converter was validated at a low power. A 500 kW/5 s RF window is currently under manufacture and will be tested at a high power in 2012 in collaboration with the National Fusion Research Institute. All of this work aims to reduce the operational risks associated with the ITER steady-state operations.
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6.
  • Stephens, Philip A., et al. (författare)
  • Consistent response of bird populations to climate change on two continents
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 352:6281, s. 84-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.
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7.
  • Agic, Heda, et al. (författare)
  • Late Ediacaran occurrences of the organic-walled microfossils Granomarginata and flask-shaped Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 159:7, s. 1071-1092
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New occurrences of flask-shaped and envelope-bearing microfossils, including the predominantly Cambrian taxon Granomarginata, are reported from new localities, as well as from earlier in time (Ediacaran) than previously known. The stratigraphic range of Granomarginata extends into the Cambrian System, where it had a cosmopolitan distribution. This newly reported Ediacaran record includes areas from Norway (Baltica), Newfoundland (Avalonia) and Namibia (adjacent to the Kalahari Craton), and puts the oldest global occurrence of Granomarginata in the Indreelva Member (< 563 Ma) of the Stahpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway. Although Granomarginata is rare within the assemblage, these new occurrences together with previously reported occurrences from India and Poland, suggest a potentially widespread palaeogeographic distribution of Granomarginata through the middle-late Ediacaran interval. A new flask-shaped microfossil Lagoenaforma collaris gen. et sp. nov. is also reported in horizons containing Granomarginata from the Stahpogieddi Formation in Norway and the Dabis Formation in Namibia, and flask-shaped fossils are also found in the Gibbett Hill Formation in Newfoundland. The Granomarginata-Lagoenaforma association, in addition to a low-diversity organic-walled microfossil assemblage, occurs in the strata postdating the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, and may eventually be of use in terminal Ediacaran biostratigraphy. These older occurrences of Granomarginata add to a growing record of body fossil taxa spanning the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary.
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8.
  • Agic, Heda, et al. (författare)
  • Life through an Ediacaran glaciation : Shale- and diamictite-hosted organic-walled microfossil assemblages from the late Neoproterozoic of the Tanafjorden area, northern Norway
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 635
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New organic-walled microfossil (OWM) assemblages are reported from upper Neoproterozoic glacial and interglacial siliciclastic deposits in Finnmark, northern Norway. A nearly continuous sedimentary succession of the Vestertana Group contains two glaciogenic units, the Smalfjorden and Mortensnes formations, interpreted as end-Cryogenian Marinoan and Ediacaran glaciations, respectively. We investigated the OWM record in the Nyborg, Mortensnes, and St ' ahpogieddi formations to assess the impact of a glacial interval on the diversity of microscopic eukaryotes. A modified acid-extraction technique was applied to recover OWM from the diamictite matrix. The upper Nyborg Formation contains morphologically complex Doushantuo-Pertatataka acritarchs (DPA), restricting the age of the Nyborg Formation to early-mid Ediacaran. DPA occur below the dolostones that record a negative carbon isotope excursion correlated with the Shuram anomaly and below a glacial diamictite. A decline in species richness and compositional change is observed in the Mortensnes glacial assemblage. DPA are replaced by bacterial filaments and cell aggregates. The overlying Indreelva Member, St ' ahpogieddi Formation contains Ediacara-type biota and palaeopascichnids, but only a depauperate OWM assemblage of leiosphaerids and flask-shaped microfossils characteristic of the late Ediacaran.The succession of assemblages in the Vestertana Group demonstrates a turnover from large eukaryotic OWM to a microbial community in the glacial interval, to a low diversity post-glacial assemblage during the rise of macroscopic life. We compared the Vestertana record to global DPA occurrences. Although one DPA assemblage zone postdates the Shuram excursion, no DPA occur above Ediacaran glacial diamictites in successions where those deposits are present. Considering this, and the community changes in the Vestertana succession, we suggest that DPA were affected by the onset of an Ediacaran glaciation. Lastly, we combined the biostratigraphic markers in the Vestertana Group to constrain the age of the Mortensnes diamictite.
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9.
  • Agic, Heda, et al. (författare)
  • Life through the 'Varanger ice ages' : microfossil record of late Neoproterozoic glacial-interglacial units from arctic Norway
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Geological Society of America <em>Abstracts with Programs</em>. - : Geological Society of America.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The late Neoproterozoic strata in Finnmark (Arctic Norway) provide a good sedimentary record of Neoproterozoic glaciations on the Baltica paleocontinent. The lower Vestertana Group exposed on the Digermulen Peninsula contains two glaciogenic units, the Smalfjord and Mortensnes formations. Chemostratigraphic correlation dated the Smalfjord diamictite to the Marinoan glaciation (650-635 Ma), yet its age was also proposed to be older, per correlation to glacial units in central and southern Scandinavia. The diamictites are bracketing shales and siltstones of the interglacial Nyborg Formation. Stratigraphic, paleontological, and sedimentological data are presented from the interglacial-glacial succession, investigated by the Digermulen Early Life Research Group. Palynological analysis yielded well-preserved organic-walled microfossils (OWM) from the Nyborg Fm., and from fine-grained diamictite matrix in the Mortensnes Fm. via a modified extraction method.The interglacial Nyborg Fm. hosts a moderate diversity assemblage of prokaryotic and eukaryotic OWM, as well as acanthomorphic acritarchs such as Ceratosphaeridium, ?Cavaspina, and a novel process-bearing form. Organically preserved, enigmatic multicellular eukaryotic fossils occur in the upper Nyborg Fm. The Mortensens glacial assemblage is less diverse and contains bacterial filaments, leiosphaerids, toroidal forms, and Micrhystridium-type minute acanthomorphs.The presence of Doushantuo-Pertatataka type acritarchs in the Nyborg Fm., and small acanthomorphs in the Mortensnes diamictite corroborate an early Ediacaran age for the interglacial-glacial succession on Digermulen. In addition to the trace fossil and body-fossil record of Ediacara-biota in the overlying Stáhpogieddi Formation, the microfossil biostratigraphy suggests Marinoan and Gaskiers glaciation equivalent ages of the Varanger glaciations in Finnmark. Protistan diversity in the succession declined through and following the glaciation, until late Ediacaran.
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10.
  • Agić, Heda, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Organically-preserved multicellular eukaryote from the early Ediacaran Nyborg Formation, Arctic Norway
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eukaryotic multicellularity originated in the Mesoproterozoic Era and evolved multiple times since, yet early multicellular fossils are scarce until the terminal Neoproterozoic and often restricted to cases of exceptional preservation. Here we describe unusual organically-preserved fossils from mudrocks, that provide support for the presence of organisms with differentiated cells (potentially an epithelial layer) in the late Neoproterozoic. Cyathinema digermulense gen. et sp. nov. from the Nyborg Formation, Vestertana Group, Digermulen Peninsula in Arctic Norway, is a new carbonaceous organ-taxon which consists of stacked tubes with cup-shaped ends. It represents parts of a larger organism (multicellular eukaryote or a colony), likely with greater preservation potential than its other elements. Arrangement of open-ended tubes invites comparison with cells of an epithelial layer present in a variety of eukaryotic clades. This tissue may have benefitted the organism in: avoiding overgrowth, limiting fouling, reproduction, or water filtration. C. digermulense shares characteristics with extant and fossil groups including red algae and their fossils, demosponge larvae and putative sponge fossils, colonial protists, and nematophytes. Regardless of its precise affinity, C. digermulense was a complex and likely benthic marine eukaryote exhibiting cellular differentiation, and a rare occurrence of early multicellularity outside of Konservat-Lagerstatten.
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11.
  • Arahal, David, et al. (författare)
  • The best of both worlds: a proposal for further integration of Candidatus names into the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 74:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The naming of prokaryotes is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and partially by the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN). Such codes must be able to determine names of taxa in a universal and unambiguous manner, thus serving as a common language across different fields and activities. This unity is undermined when a new code of nomenclature emerges that overlaps in scope with an established, time-tested code and uses the same format of names but assigns different nomenclatural status values to the names. The resulting nomenclatural confusion is not beneficial to the wider scientific community. Such ambiguity is expected to result from the establishment of the ‘Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from DNA Sequence Data’ (‘SeqCode’), which is in general and specific conflict with the ICNP and the ICN. Shortcomings in the interpretation of the ICNP may have exacerbated the incompatibility between the codes. It is reiterated as to why proposals to accept sequences as nomenclatural types of species and subspecies with validly published names, now implemented in the SeqCode, have not been implemented by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), which oversees the ICNP. The absence of certain regulations from the ICNP for the naming of as yet uncultivated prokaryotes is an acceptable scientific argument, although it does not justify the establishment of a separate code. Moreover, the proposals rejected by the ICSP are unnecessary to adequately regulate the naming of uncultivated prokaryotes. To provide a better service to the wider scientific community, an alternative proposal to emend the ICNP is presented, which would result in Candidatus names being regulated analogously to validly published names. This proposal is fully consistent with previous ICSP decisions, preserves the essential unity of nomenclature and avoids the expected nomenclatural confusion.
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12.
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13.
  • Devos, David, et al. (författare)
  • Trial of Deferiprone in Parkinson’s Disease
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 387:22, s. 2045-2055
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUNDIron content is increased in the substantia nigra of persons with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Early research suggests that the iron chelator deferiprone can reduce nigrostriatal iron content in persons with Parkinson's disease, but its effects on disease progression are unclear.METHODSWe conducted a multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind trial involving participants with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa. Participants were assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive oral deferiprone at a dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily or matched placebo for 36 weeks. Dopaminergic therapy was withheld unless deemed necessary for symptom control. The primary outcome was the change in the total score on the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS; range, 0 to 260, with higher scores indicating more severe impairment) at 36 weeks. Secondary and exploratory clinical outcomes at up to 40 weeks included measures of motor and nonmotor disability. Brain iron content measured with the use of magnetic resonance imaging was also an exploratory outcome.RESULTSA total of 372 participants were enrolled; 186 were assigned to receive deferiprone and 186 to receive placebo. Progression of symptoms led to the initiation of dopaminergic therapy in 22.0% of the participants in the deferiprone group and 2.7% of those in the placebo group. The mean MDS-UPDRS total score at baseline was 34.3 in the deferiprone group and 33.2 in the placebo group and increased (worsened) by 15.6 points and 6.3 points, respectively (difference, 9.3 points; 95% confidence interval, 6.3 to 12.2; P<0.001). Nigrostriatal iron content decreased more in the deferiprone group than in the placebo group. The main serious adverse events with deferiprone were agranulocytosis in 2 participants and neutropenia in 3 participants.CONCLUSIONSIn participants with early Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa and in whom treatment with dopaminergic medications was not planned, deferiprone was associated with worse scores in measures of parkinsonism than those with placebo over a period of 36 weeks.
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14.
  • Drilon, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Clinicopathologic Features and Response to Therapy of NRG1 Fusion-Driven Lung Cancers : The eNRGy1 Global Multicenter Registry
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 39:25, s. 2791-2802
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE Although NRG1 fusions are oncogenic drivers across multiple tumor types including lung cancers, these are difficult to study because of their rarity. The global eNRGy1 registry was thus established to characterize NRG1 fusion-positive lung cancers in the largest and most diverse series to date. METHODS From June 2018 to February 2020, a consortium of 22 centers from nine countries in Europe, Asia, and the United States contributed data from patients with pathologically confirmed NRG1 fusion-positive lung cancers. Profiling included DNA-based and/or RNA-based next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Anonymized clinical, pathologic, molecular, and response (RECIST v1.1) data were centrally curated and analyzed. RESULTS Although the typified never smoking (57%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (57%), and nonmetastatic (71%) phenotype predominated in 110 patients with NRG1 fusion-positive lung cancer, further diversity, including in smoking history (43%) and histology (43% nonmucinous and 6% nonadenocarcinoma), was elucidated. RNA-based testing identified most fusions (74%). Molecularly, six (of 18) novel 5 ' partners, 20 unique epidermal growth factor domain-inclusive chimeric events, and heterogeneous 5 '/3 ' breakpoints were found. Platinum-doublet and taxane-based (post-platinum-doublet) chemotherapy achieved low objective response rates (ORRs 13% and 14%, respectively) and modest progression-free survival medians (PFS 5.8 and 4.0 months, respectively). Consistent with a low programmed death ligand-1 expressing (28%) and low tumor mutational burden (median: 0.9 mutations/megabase) immunophenotype, the activity of chemoimmunotherapy and single-agent immunotherapy was poor (ORR 0%/PFS 3.3 months and ORR 20%/PFS 3.6 months, respectively). Afatinib achieved an ORR of 25%, not contingent on fusion type, and a 2.8-month median PFS. CONCLUSION NRG1 fusion-positive lung cancers were molecularly, pathologically, and clinically more heterogeneous than previously recognized. The activity of cytotoxic, immune, and targeted therapies was disappointing. Further research examining NRG1-rearranged tumor biology is needed to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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15.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Biostratigraphy and palaeontology of the lower Cambrian Duolbagáisá Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Arctic Margins.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The lower Cambrian sequence on the Digermulen Peninsula (Finnmark, Arctic Norway) is the northernmost extension of the Cambrian deposits along the Caledonian front. It is exceedingly thick compared to cratonal successions typical of most of Baltica. The Duolbagáisá Formation represents the youngest lower Cambrian unit on the peninsula with the first trilobite-bearing strata, a plethora of trace fossils including diverse arthropod traces and Plagiogmus arcuatus, and abundant and wellpreserved organic walled microfossils (OWM). Extensive field work by the Digermulen Early Life Research Group allows for the first time a detailed appreciation of the age and faunal composition of the unit. The lower member is ~250 m thick with thin-bedded siltstone, sandstone and mudstone. A single unidentifiable holmiid thorax region occurs alongside arthropod trace fossils. OWM indicate the S. ornata-F. membranacea Zone. The upper member is ~390 m thick and consist of several upward shallowing parasequences with fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and mudstone followed by thick mature quartzite. The trace fossil Syringomorpha occurs throughout the upper member and Cruziana and Rusophycus are especially abundant in the upper parts. The first identifiable olenellid trilobites occur in a thick mudstone/siltstone interval at the middle of the member, along with an elliptocephalid trilobite and other arthropods. Abundant OWM indicate the H. dissimilare-S. ciliosa Zone with the higher levels belonging to the Volkovia-Liepaina Zone. The entire sequence thus span the Cambrian Series 2, stages 3–5.
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16.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Distribution and correlation of Sabellidites cambriensis (Annelida?) in the basal Cambrian on Baltica
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 159:7, s. 1262-1283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sabellidites cambriensis is a tubular non-mineralized metazoan that appears as compressed ribbon-shaped imprints with transverse wrinkling, thick walls and an even tube diameter of up to 3 mm. The distribution of Sabellidites is investigated in three Ediacaran-Cambrian sections on the Digermulen Peninsula in Arctic Norway, spanning the Manndrapselva Member of the Stahpogieddi Formation and the lower member of the Breidvika Formation. Here, the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary is located in the lower part of the upper parasequence (third cycle) of the Manndrapselva Member. Specimens of Sabellidites are rare but consistently present close to the lowest level of Treptichnus pedum and upsection, whereas the taxon is common and abundant in the lower part of the lower member of the Breidvika Formation, with an upper record at c. 55 m above the base. The range is comparable with that of the GSSP section in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing Sabellidites as an index fossil for the lowermost Cambrian. In the Manndrapselva Member, Sabellidites co-occurs with the acritarch Granomarginata, indicative of the lowermost Cambrian Granomarginata Zone, whereas in the Breidvika Formation it co-occurs with Asteridium. Sabellidites is widely distributed in Baltica, through the Rovnian and Lontovan regional stages but confined to the Fortunian global stage. In its lower range, Sabellidites is associated with a Treptichnus pedum trace fossil association and a depauperate leiosphaerid acritarch assemblage, followed by a Granomarginata assemblage. In its upper range, Sabellidites co-occurs with acritarchs of the Asteridium-Comasphaeridium Zone and the tubular foraminiferan Platysolenites. In Baltica, Sabellidites is a useful index fossil.
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17.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., et al. (författare)
  • Distribution and correlation of Sabellidites cambriensis (Annelida?) in the basal Cambrian on Baltica
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 159:7, s. 1262-1283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sabellidites cambriensis is a tubular non-mineralized metazoan that appears as compressed ribbon-shaped imprints with transverse wrinkling, thick walls and an even tube diameter of up to 3 mm. The distribution of Sabellidites is investigated in three Ediacaran–Cambrian sections on the Digermulen Peninsula in Arctic Norway, spanning the Manndrapselva Member of the Stáhpogieddi Formation and the lower member of the Breidvika Formation. Here, the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is located in the lower part of the upper parasequence (third cycle) of the Manndrapselva Member. Specimens of Sabellidites are rare but consistently present close to the lowest level of Treptichnus pedum and upsection, whereas the taxon is common and abundant in the lower part of the lower member of the Breidvika Formation, with an upper record at c. 55 m above the base. The range is comparable with that of the GSSP section in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing Sabellidites as an index fossil for the lowermost Cambrian. In the Manndrapselva Member, Sabellidites co-occurs with the acritarch Granomarginata, indicative of the lowermost Cambrian Granomarginata Zone, whereas in the Breidvika Formation it co-occurs with Asteridium. Sabellidites is widely distributed in Baltica, through the Rovnian and Lontovan regional stages but confined to the Fortunian global stage. In its lower range, Sabellidites is associated with a Treptichnus pedum trace fossil association and a depauperate leiosphaerid acritarch assemblage, followed by a Granomarginata assemblage. In its upper range, Sabellidites co-occurs with acritarchs of the Asteridium–Comasphaeridium Zone and the tubular foraminiferan Platysolenites. In Baltica, Sabellidites is a useful index fossil.
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18.
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19.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Holmiid trilobites from the lower Cambrian of the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Trilobites and their Relatives. Tallinn, Estonia, 7-10 July 2017. - Tallinn : Libris Est OU. - 9789949818617
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lower Cambrian holmiid olenelloids are used for biozonation of lower Cambrian (Series 2) strata in Baltoscandia. About a dozen species have been named since the description of Holmia kjerulfi (Linnarsson, 1868), but except for the classical area in Mjøsa, Norway, the species traditionally occur in small numbers, are variably preserved, occur at one or a few localities only and usually with only one taxon present. Definitions of the biozones are therefore still problematic. One level in the lower Cambrian Duolbasgáissá Formation of the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway, has yielded more than 50 new specimens of holmiids, preliminarily assigned to Elliptocephala n. sp. and Kjerulfia n. sp. Acritarchs indicate the Heliosphaeridium dissimilare–Skagia ciliosa acritarch Zone which corresponds to the traditional Holmia kjerulfi Assemblage Zone. Elliptocephala n. sp. is known from about a dozen specimens. It is characterized by very long palpebral lobes, a parallel-sided glabella, a short anterior glabellar lobe and short genal spines. A node is developed on the occipital ring. Semi-complete specimens show up to 10 thoracic segments, but the full number of thoracic segments and the pygidium is unknown. The slightly older E. lundgreni (Moberg, 1892), known from the Schmidtiellus mickwitzi Zone of southern Sweden, differs in the proportions of the glabella, the length of the palpebral lobes and definition of the cephalic border. Both H. mobergi and H. sulcata from Sweden show similarities to Elliptocephala n. sp. in the weakly developed lateral border with an effaced anterior border furrow. Nikolaisen & Henningsmoen (1987) described Kjerulfia lata Kiær, 1917 from two fragmentary specimens from this locality in Digermulen. More than 20 new specimens from this site shows that the species differs from Kjerulfia lata from the type area in southern Norway in proportions and features of the glabella, the width of the genal field and the possession of a stout and high spine on the occipital ring, and it is tentatively assigned to Kjerulfia n. sp. The material from the Digermulen Peninsula adds to the diversity of the Baltoscandian holmiids and is tightly constrained stratigraphically.
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21.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Stratigraphy of the Ediacaran and basal Cambrian of the Digermulen Peninsula, Northern Norway
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol 47.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The succession of the Digermulen Peninsula in Finnmark, northern Norway, is the only fossiliferous site inScandinavia with sedimentation across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition without a significant hiatus. Geologicalinvestigations started in the 1930’s, but the Peninsula was first mapped in the 60’s. Ediacara-type fossils werefirst discovered in the late 80’s but recent discoveries will establish the Digermulen Peninsula as one of the mostsignificant Ediacaran sites in northern Europe. The parautochthonous strata are exposed in the Tanafjord areaalong the coast and in valleys on the east side of the Peninsula. The beds dip slightly to the west with the strikefollowing the coastline (ca. 045°). The Ediacaran succession is close to 1000 m thick and dominantly siliciclastic.It starts with interglacial sediments of the Nyborg Formation (tentatively the earliest Ediacaran), overlying astacked succession of diamictites of the Cryogenian Smalfjord Formation. After a hiatus follows the glaciogenicdiamictites of the Mortensnes Formation (~60 m thick), which is commonly seen to represent the ~582 Ma-oldGaskiers glaciation. Upwards, the contact to the overlying Stáhpogiedde Formation is not exposed locally, but hasbeen shown to represent a hiatus followed by transitional fluvial to marine sediments of the Lillevannet Member.Ediacaran-type fossils appear in the succeeding Innerelva Member. This is a two-cycle deepening upwardssuccession of laminated mudstone with intercalated sand bodies showing load structures. Preliminary microfossilssamples of the Member have so far proven almost barren, making dating more challenging. The basal part of thesucceeding Manndraperelva Member consists of three cycles; first a succession of reddish sandstone followed bytwo coarsening-upward cycles. Each starts with mudstone and fine sandstone and terminates in cross-beddedsandstone. The Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is located within the third cycle, identified by the trace fossilTreptichnus pedum and associated trilobed trace fossils.The Digermulen Early Life Research Group has since2011 made significant new finds, and focused fieldwork aims to resolve tighter age constraints, provenance of thesediments and the range and diversity of the extended Ediacaran biota.
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22.
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23.
  • Ebbestad, Jan Ove R., 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Trilobites from the North: lower Cambrian olenelloids fromthe Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 3. Trilobiten-Tagung [Berlin, 8. und 9. Oktober 2016] - Kurzfassungen der Vortrage. - Halle, Saale : Ampyx-Verlag. - 9783932795398
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Scandinavian lower Cambrian stratigraphy is largely trilobite based, defined by the occurrence of distincttrilobite assemblages with classic olenelloid trilobites like Holmia and Kjerulfia. Except for a few localities in Scandinavia where these taxa are fairly common, most occurrences are represented by a single or a fewincomplete specimens at the best. Since 2011 a collecting effort in the lower Cambrian strata on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway has yielded close to 100 specimens of at least three different olenelloid trilobite taxa, including Kjerulfia lata, Kjerulfia sp. and Elliptocephalus sp., as well as an ellipsocephalid. These specimens are found in a narrow stratigraphical interval in the silty mudstone of the Duolbagaisa Formation,and are accompanied by rich material of organic walled microfossils and trace fossils. The age constraints onthe occurrence are therefore well established, placing the trilobites in the Holmia kjerulfi assemblage Zone.Compared to the classical T0mten locality in the Mjösa area, southern Norway, the Digermulen Peninsula assemblage lacks Holmia kjerulfi. Ellipsocephalids are found with the new material and also slightly higher in the succession. Although the occurrence of trilobites in the Duolbagaisa Formation have been known for along time, the new extensive trilobite material is both better preserved and more abundant, even compared tomost other places in Scandinavia. This ensures that this succession will be a major reference for lower Cambrian trilobite zonation in this part of the world.
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24.
  • Fanidi, Anouar, et al. (författare)
  • Circulating Folate, Vitamin B6, and Methionine in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 110:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Circulating concentrations of B vitamins and factors related to one-carbon metabolism have been found to be strongly inversely associated with lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The extent to which these associations are present in other study populations is unknown.Methods: Within 20 prospective cohorts from the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium, a nested case-control study was designed including 5364 incident lung cancer case patients and 5364 control subjects who were individually matched to case patients by age, sex, cohort, and smoking status. Centralized biochemical analyses were performed to measure circulating concentrations of vitamin B6, folate, and methionine, as well as cotinine as an indicator of recent tobacco exposure. The association between these biomarkers and lung cancer risk was evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.Results: Participants with higher circulating concentrations of vitamin B6 and folate had a modestly decreased risk of lung cancer risk overall, the odds ratios when comparing the top and bottom fourths (OR 4vs1 ) being 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 1.00) and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.74 to 0.99), respectively. We found stronger associations among men (vitamin B6: OR 4vs1 = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.89; folate: OR 4vs1 = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.93) and ever smokers (vitamin B6: OR 4vs1 = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.91; folate: OR 4vs1 = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.03). We further noted that the association of folate was restricted to Europe/Australia and Asia, whereas no clear association was observed for the United States. Circulating concentrations of methionine were not associated with lung cancer risk overall or in important subgroups.Conclusions: Although confounding by tobacco exposure or reverse causation cannot be ruled out, these study results are compatible with a small decrease in lung cancer risk in ever smokers who avoid low concentrations of circulating folate and vitamin B6.
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25.
  • Friberg, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • Extreme diversification of floral volatiles within and among species of Lithophragma (Saxifragaceae)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 116:10, s. 4406-4415
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A major challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand how complex traits of multiple functions have diversified and codiversified across interacting lineages and geographic ranges. We evaluate intra- and interspecific variation in floral scent, which is a complex trait of documented importance for mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between plants, pollinators, and herbivores. We performed a large-scale, phylogenetically structured study of an entire plant genus (Lithophragma, Saxifragaceae), of which several species are coevolving with specialized pollinating floral parasites of the moth genus Greya (Prodoxidae). We sampled 94 Lithophragma populations distributed across all 12 recognized Lithophragma species and subspecies, and four populations of related saxifragaceous species. Our results reveal an unusually high diversity of floral volatiles among populations, species, and clades within the genus. Moreover, we found unexpectedly major changes at each of these levels in the biosynthetic pathways used by local populations in their floral scents. Finally, we detected significant, but variable, genus- and species-level patterns of ecological convergence in the floral scent signal, including an impact of the presence and absence of two pollinating Greya moth species. We propose that one potential key to understanding floral scent variation in this hypervariable genus is its geographically diverse interactions with the obligate specialized Greya moths and, in some species and sites, more generalized copollinators.
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26.
  • Hoyberget, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • The Skyberg Lagerstatte from the Mjosa area, Norway : a rare window into the late early Cambrian biodiversity of Scandinavia
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Lethaia. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0024-1164 .- 1502-3931. ; 56:2, s. 1-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Skyberg Biota is a new early Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatte, documented from a 7.5-m-thick succession of the Skyberg Member, Ringstranda Formation, in the classical Mjosa area of Norway. It displays a high species diversity and contains: algae; sponges; brachiopods; hyoliths; bivalved arthropods; trilobites; palaeoscolecids and other vermiform organisms; weakly sclerotized fragments of unknown affinity; several tubicolous fossils; the enigmatic genus Lapworthella; and a number of additional problematica together with infrequent trace fossils consisting of burrows and faecal pellets. This novel macro-biota encloses the most diverse fossil assemblage known from the Cambrian Series 2 locally in the Mjosa area, and regionally in Baltoscandia, and currently includes around 50 species of 10 major animal groups and macro-algae. The Skyberg Biota contains taxa previously unknown from Norway, several are new to Baltoscandia and also includes a range of new species. The Skyberg biota offers a rare glimpse into the biodiversity of Baltoscandia just prior to the large faunal turnover at the late-middle Cambrian transition.
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27.
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28.
  • Högström, Anette, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Ediacaran Biota of the Digermulen Peninsula, Northern Norway
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, vol 47, no 7..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Digermulen Peninsula in northern Norway is the only locality that has yielded Ediacara-type fossils inScandinavia. The Peninsula exhibits an Ediacaran to Lower Ordovician succession consisting of roughly 3000 mof siliciclastic deposits formed in a foreland basin marginal to Baltica. In 2011 a restudy of the Ediacaran deposits(1000 m thick) was launched resulting in new finds that promise to establish the Digermulen Peninsula as asignificant new Ediacaran biota locality. First described in the 1990´s the assemblage is dominated by medusoidtypefossils, such as Cyclomedusa, Ediacaria?, Beltanella and Nimbia? now possibly reinterpreted astaphomorphs of the broadly defined Aspidella as exemplified by the Fermeuse assemblage in Newfoundland.Previous field seasons have produced abundant new material of discoidal forms (tentatively Aspidella), the lowestin stratigraphic proximity to the glacial Mortensnes diamictite (tentatively c. 580 Ma). Recent fieldwork during thesummer of 2015 yielded the first specimen of a multi-vaned Ediacara-type fossil from the Innerelva Member of theStáhpogiedde Formation not far from where the first discoidal fossils were found in the 90´s. Reconstructed toreach approximately 7.5 – 8 cm above the sediment surface this organism appears to have a roughly sphericalshape with three or more vanes, but more detailed study is needed. We know little of the holdfast structure but itappears to possess a generalized Aspidella-like morphology, emphasizing the variety of organisms that may havehad very similar holdfasts. In addition to Aspidella sp., well-preserved Hiemalora are present in these beds.Another important find are several specimens of Palaeopascichnus from near the base of the Innerelva Membermaking them the oldest non-stromatolite macroscopic fossils in Scandinavia. Future work for the DigermulenEarly Life Research Group will focus on extensive excavation and sampling of this important interval to increasethe understanding of the Ediacaran record on the Peninsula.
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29.
  • Högström, Anette, et al. (författare)
  • Palaeopascichnus from the Ediacaran of the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway and the age of the Varanger Ice Age
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 5th International Palaeontological Conference. ; , s. 292-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Palaeopascichnids are possibly the longest-ranging macroscopic Ediacaran fossils (ca. 565-542 Ma).They are bedding plane-parallel modular fossils composed of series of closely spaced millimeter sizedcircular, sausage- or kidney- shaped units. Earlier regarded as trace fossils, they are now seen as bodyfossils: possible xenophyophoran protists or protists of uncertain affinities. The Cryogenian to lower Cambrian succession (Vestertana group) exposed on the Digermulen Peninsula starts with the glacial Smalfjorden, interglacial Nyborg and glacial Mortensnes fms, collectively known as the Varanger Ice Age.Together with the succeeding Stáhpogieddi Fm. they reflect changes from global icehouse to greenhouse conditions. The Stáhpogieddi Fm. starts with the Lillevannet Mbr. followed by the Indreelva Mbr., yielding Ediacara-type fossils. The highest member in the Stáhpogieddi Fm, the Manndrapselva Mbr, contains the Ediacaran- Cambrian boundary. Palaeopascichnus is found at three horizons within the Stáhpogieddi Fm. The youngest, within the Manndrapselva Mbr., is latest Ediacaran, based on associated trace fossils, as well as occurring below trace fossils from the Treptichnus pedum ichnozone. Palaeopascichnus is also present near the base of the Manndrapselva Mbr. The oldest occurrence is from a horizon transitional between the Lillevannet and Indreelva Mbrs. Age constraints on the Varangerian glacial deposits are poor and their relationship to Neoproterozoic glacial events is equivocal. Studies over the last several decades have placed the Smalfjorden Fm. within the globally developed Marinoan glaciation (ca. 645–635 Ma) based on the presence of cap dolostones. The Mortensnes Fm. has been aligned within the Ediacaran Gaskiers glaciation(ca. 580 Ma) on the basis of carbon isotope stratigraphy. However, alternative interpretations exist,including that of a Marinoan affinity for all of the Varanger ice age. Palaeopascichnus at the Lillevannet Mbr. to Indreelva Mbr. transition indicates that this part of the succession is younger than 565 Ma. Because the transition between the Mortensnes Fm. and the succeeding Stáhpogieddi Fm. is seemingly without major breaks in sedimentation, this is consistent with a Gaskiers, or younger age for the Mortensnes Fm. An older age (Marinoan) requires the discovery of major breaks in the sedimentary record.
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30.
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31.
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32.
  • Høyberget, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • Fantastiske fossilfunn fra Finnmark
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Stein. - : Norske Amatørgeologers Sammenslutning. - 0802-9121. ; 1, s. 15-19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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33.
  • Høyberget, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • Fantastiske fossilfunn i Finnmark
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Naturen. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 0028-0887 .- 1504-3118. ; 141, s. 94-100
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Ei internasjonal forskergruppe har gjennom fem sesonger arbeidet på Digermulhalvøya i Vestertana, Finnmark og gjort oppsiktsvekkende fossilfunn. Dette dreier seg om intet mindre enn fossiler fra dyrerikets spede begynnelse og vil være med på å bidra til forståelsen av dyrerikets opprinnelse og evolusjon. Noen av de tidligste, flercellede organismene og symmetriens inntog i dyreriket er registrert og samlet inn. Disse blir omtalt som ediacarafossiler, eller ediacarafaunaen, og er vanskelige å plassere i dyregrupper vi kjenner i dag. De første krypesporene etter bilaterale dyr, med målrettede bevegelser på jakt etter næring og utviklingen mot den kambriske eksplosjonen blir forsket på og gir dermed et innblikk i det første, komplekse økosystemet på kloden vår. Dette er blant de funnene som i de neste årenes løp vil bli beskrevet av Digermulen Early Life Research Group, ledet fra Tromsø Museum.
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34.
  • Høyberget, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • Re-evaluation of the stratigraphically important olenellid trilobite Holmia cf. mobergi from the Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3 and its implications for the lower Cambrian stratigraphy in the Mjøsa area, Norway
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. - : Geological Society of Norway. - 0029-196X .- 1502-5322. ; 99:1, s. 63-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The olenellid trilobite Holmia cf. mobergi, known from a single cephalon in the upper lower Cambrian strata from a river section in Flagstadelva, Hamar, has played a significant stratigraphic role in interpreting the lower Cambrian informal Series 2, Stage 3 in the Mjøsa area, Norway, sinceits discovery in the early 1950s. It was considered one of the oldest trilobite taxa in the lower Cambrian of Scandinavia, but the stratigraphic leveland biozonation of the cephalon were problematic and a matter of discussion for decades. Moreover, organic-walled microfossil biostratigraphyquestioned the supposed age of the trilobite. New specimens of this taxon collected from the type locality show that the species occurs at a differentstratigraphic level than first reported, prompting a new description of the species and a re-evaluation of the taxon’s biostratigraphic significance.Holmia cf. mobergi is compared with new and well-preserved topotype material of Holmia inusitata, a very rare taxon hitherto known from onesingle outcrop in an autochthonous setting in Norway. Holmia cf. mobergi and Holmia inusitata are here considered conspecific.
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35.
  • Høyberget, Magne, et al. (författare)
  • The shelly fauna and biostratigraphy of the lower Cambrian (provisional series 2, stage 4) Evjevik Member, Ringstrand Formation in the Mjøsa area, Norway
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. - 0029-196X. ; 95:1, s. 23-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New, extensive fossil material collected in situ from the lower Cambrian Evjevik Member in the Mjøsa type area, southern Norway, allows a reevaluationof the faunal distribution and diversity of the ‘Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni Zone. Described taxa include three holmiid, six ellipsocephalidand one eodiscoid trilobite in addition to five helcionelloid molluscs. A Holmia species with affinities to the Swedish H. lapponica is common in the Evjevik Member. Librigenae, thoracic segments and pygidia from the poorly known, but biostratigraphically important trilobite ’Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni (Kiær, 1917) are documented for the first time. The species is redescribed and transferred to Ellipsocephalus. Helcionelloid molluscs arerepresented by Helcionella antiqua (Kiær, 1917), Stenotheca norvegica (Resser, 1938), Mackinnonia puppis n. sp., Mackinnonia? sp. and Latouchella sp.These are similar to taxa reported from coeval strata at Gislövshammar in southern Sweden and may prove to have biostratigraphical potential. TheHolmia kjerulfi Zone, the Ellipsocephalus linnarssoni Zone and the Comluella? scanica–Ellipsocephalus lunatus Zone are readily recognised in theLower Allochthon of the Mjøsa area and are in this report treated as distinctive, successive zones. New illustrations are provided of the brachiopod Magnicanalis rotundata (Kiær, 1917), together with the enigmatic fossil Mongolitubulus Missarzhevsky, 1977, recorded for the first time in Norway.
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36.
  • Jensen, Soren, et al. (författare)
  • New occurrences of Palaeopascichnus from the Stahpogieddi Formation, Arctic Norway, and their bearing on the age of the Varanger Ice Age
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Canadian journal of earth sciences (Print). - : CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS. - 0008-4077 .- 1480-3313. ; 55:11, s. 1253-1261
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report on new occurrences of the late Ediacaran problematicum Palaeopascichnus (Protista?) from the Stahpogieddi Formation, Arctic Norway. The stratigraphically lowest occurrences are in beds transitional between the Lillevannet and Indreelva members: the highest in the second cycle of the Manndrapselva Member, stratigraphically close to the lowest occurrences of Cambrian-type trace fossils. This establishes a long stratigraphical range of Palaeopascichnus on the Digermulen Peninsula, as has been previously documented from Newfoundland, South Australia, and elsewhere in Baltica. The age range of Palaeopascichnus in Avalonia and Baltica is from similar to 565 to 541 Ma. Since the transition from the Mortensnes Formation to the Stahpogieddi Formation is without a major break in sedimentation, this supports the inference that the underlying glacigenic Mortensnes Formation is ca. 580 Ma, and therefore Gaskiers-equivalent, or younger.
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37.
  • Jensen, Soren, et al. (författare)
  • Scratch circles from the Ediacaran and Cambrian of Arctic Norway and southern Africa, with a review of scratch circle occurrences
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Bulletin of Geosciences. - : CZECH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. - 1214-1119 .- 1802-8225. ; 93:3, s. 287-304
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scratch circles - bedding plane parallel sedimentary structures formed by the passive rotation of a tethered organism into the surrounding sediment - are relatively rare in the geological record. Here new occurrences of scratch circles are described from the Ediacaran-Cambrian Stahpogieddi Formation, Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway, and from the Ediacaran Nudaus and Urusis formations, Nama Group, of southern Africa. A literature survey confirms a previously noted concentration of scratch circles reported from shallow marine upper Ediacaran-lower Cambrian and paralic Carboniferous rocks. Scratch circle identification and nomenclature are discussed. The stratigraphical range of the trace fossils Treptichnus pedum and Gyrolithes isp. in the Stahpogieddi Formation are extended downward. Combined with earlier reports of Harlaniella podolica this adds new precision to the placement of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary on the Digermulen Peninsula.
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38.
  • Jensen, Sören, et al. (författare)
  • Trace fossils across the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary on the Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ISECT 2017. - : Memorial University, St. Johns.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Digermulen Peninsula, Arctic Norway, contains one of the most complete Ediacaran–Cambrian sedimentary rock successions on Baltica. The boundary interval spans the Manndrapselva Mbr of the Stáhpogieddi Fm. and the Lower Mbr of the Breidvika Fm., consisting of several coarsening upward cycles, each less than 100 meters thick, dominated by mudstone and sandstone, and terminated by shallow-marine sandstone. Nigel Banks established the general succession of trace fossils in the 1970's, with additional information added more recently by Duncan McIlroy and members of the Digermulen Early Life Research Group.                      The second cycle of the Manndrapselva Mbr is late Ediacaran on the presence of the problematicum Harlaniella podolica. Trace fossils in this cycle include Planolites, Torrowangea rosei and, uniquely for the Digermulen succession, the horizontal cork-screw shaped Helicolithus. A report of treptichnids is here revised as vertically meandering trace fossils. The greatest trace fossil width in this sequence is 8 mm, although most are a few mm wide; recorded depth less than 10 mm. Close to the base of the third cycle of the Manndrapselva Mbr Treptichnus pedum and Gyrolithes appear. Harlaniella and the lowest occurrences of T. pedum and Gyrolithes are separated by some 30 metres of a sandstone-dominated interval from which trace fossils have not been recovered to date. Higher in the third cycle three-lobed trace fossils of the “Bure ichnocomplex” are found. Treptichnus pedum, Gyrolithes and trace fossils of the Bure ichnocomplex continue into the Lower Mbr of the Breidvika Fm., with T. pedum and Gyrolithes of larger size than found in the Manndrapselva Mbr. In addition there are Rusophycus and rare Teichichnus. The Treptichnus pedum Zone on the Digermulen Peninsula spans about 100 metres of section.                      The general validity of global Ediacaran–Cambrian trace fossil-based correlation has stood the test of time. The succession of trace fossils and problematica on the Digermulen Peninsula allows for particularly close comparison with that of the GSSP section on the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, as well as Podolia, Ukraine. Important future challenges include better control on the age of the base of the T. pedum Zone, as well as that of the base of the Rusophycus avalonensis Zone, and the identification of possible diachroneities of these zones, where this is not obviously the result of facies unsuited for trace fossil preservation.
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39.
  • Karki, Khadga Jung, et al. (författare)
  • Digital cavities and their potential applications
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The concept of a digital cavity is presented. The functionality of a tunable radio-frequency/microwave cavity with unrestricted Q-factor is implemented. The theoretical aspects of the cavity and its potential applications in high resolution spectroscopy and synchronization of clocks together with examples in signal processing and data acquisition are discussed.
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40.
  • Larose, Tricia L., et al. (författare)
  • Circulating cotinine concentrations and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 47:6, s. 1760-1771
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Self-reported smoking is the principal measure used to assess lung cancer risk in epidemiological studies. We evaluated if circulating cotinine—a nicotine metabolite and biomarker of recent tobacco exposure—provides additional information on lung cancer risk.Methods: The study was conducted in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) involving 20 prospective cohort studies. Pre-diagnostic serum cotinine concentrations were measured in one laboratory on 5364 lung cancer cases and 5364 individually matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between circulating cotinine and lung cancer, and assessed if cotinine provided additional risk-discriminative information compared with self-reported smoking (smoking status, smoking intensity, smoking duration), using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: We observed a strong positive association between cotinine and lung cancer risk for current smokers [odds ratio (OR ) per 500 nmol/L increase in cotinine (OR500): 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.47]. Cotinine concentrations consistent with active smoking (≥115 nmol/L) were common in former smokers (cases: 14.6%; controls: 9.2%) and rare in never smokers (cases: 2.7%; controls: 0.8%). Former and never smokers with cotinine concentrations indicative of active smoking (≥115 nmol/L) also showed increased lung cancer risk. For current smokers, the risk-discriminative performance of cotinine combined with self-reported smoking (AUCintegrated: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.68–0.71) yielded a small improvement over self-reported smoking alone (AUCsmoke: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.64–0.68) (P = 1.5x10–9).Conclusions: Circulating cotinine concentrations are consistently associated with lung cancer risk for current smokers and provide additional risk-discriminative information compared with self-report smoking alone.
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41.
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42.
  • Mason, Lucy R., et al. (författare)
  • Population responses of bird populations to climate change on two continents vary with species’ ecological traits but not with direction of change in climate suitability
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 157:3-4, s. 337-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change is a major global threat to biodiversity with widespread impacts on ecological communities. Evidence for beneficial impacts on populations is perceived to be stronger and more plentiful than that for negative impacts, but few studies have investigated this apparent disparity, or how ecological factors affect population responses to climatic change. We examined the strength of the relationship between species-specific regional population changes and climate suitability trends (CST), using 30-year datasets of population change for 525 breeding bird species in Europe and the USA. These data indicate a consistent positive relationship between population trend and CST across the two continents. Importantly, we found no evidence that this positive relationship differs between species expected to be negatively and positively impacted across the entire taxonomic group, suggesting that climate change is causing equally strong, quantifiable population increases and declines. Species’ responses to changing climatic suitability varied with ecological traits, however, particularly breeding habitat preference and body mass. Species associated with inland wetlands responded most strongly and consistently to recent climatic change. In Europe, smaller species also appeared to respond more strongly, whilst the relationship with body mass was less clear-cut for North American birds. Overall, our results identify the role of certain traits in modulating responses to climate change and emphasise the importance of long-term data on abundance for detecting large-scale species’ responses to environmental changes.
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43.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • A late Caledonian tectono-thermal event in the Gaissa Nappe Complex, Arctic Norway : evidence from fine-fraction K‒Ar dating and illite crystallinity from the Digermulen Peninsula
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 141:4, s. 289-294
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fine-fraction K‒Ar dating and illite crystallinity determination were applied on a peculiar pale olive green shale sample from the upper Ediacaran Indreelva Member (Stáhpogieddi Formation, Vestertana Group, Gaissa Nappe Complex) of the Digermulen Peninsula in Finnmark, Arctic Norway, to constrain the age and metamorphic conditions of tectono-thermal overprint. The <2 and <0.2 μm grain-size fractions are almost purely illite and yielded an illite crystallinity (expressed as the Kübler index) of 0.215 Δ° 2θ and 0.228 Δ° 2θ and K‒Ar ages of 403.9 ± 4.2 and 391.5 ± 4.0 Ma, respectively. The K‒Ar ages are interpreted to present late-stage thermal overprint under low epizonal conditions along a localised shear zone, likely post-dating the peak of metamorphism and cleavage generation on the Digermulen Peninsula. Thus, a later tectono-metamorphic event related to the late stage of the Scandian orogeny is locally recorded in the Gaissa Nappe Complex of the Caledonides of Finnmark. This late Scandian event was probably caused by orogenic extensional collapse and appears to have extended at least into Mid-Devonian time.
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44.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • Changes of sediment composition at the dawn of animal life: Insights from the Ediacaran‒Cambrian boundary section of the Digermulen Peninsula (Finnmark, Arctic Norway)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Abstract Volume of GeoTirol2016 - Annual Meeting of DGGV and PANGEO Austria, 25-28. September 2016, Innsbruck.. ; , s. 205-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Digermulen Peninsula in northern Norway is the only fossiliferous site in Scandinavia with sedimentationacross the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition without a significant hiatus. Furthermore, it is the only locality inScandinavia where Ediacara-type fossils have been found. The site is located at the edge of Baltica during theEdiacaran–Cambrian transition, where potentially the dramatic climatic turnover from icehouse to greenhouseconditions can be deduced and tied to large-scale plate tectonics. Since 2011, studies by the Digermulen EarlyLife Research Group have recorded significant new finds, promising to establish the site as a significant Ediacaranbiota locality. The Ediacaran succession is about 1000 m thick. Ediacara-type fossils occur in the InnerelvaMember of the Stáhpogiedde Formation. Discoidal fossils dominate the Ediacaran assemblage, although apotentially much greater diversity is suggested because of the recent discovery of a frond-shaped fossil. TheEdiacaran–Cambrian boundary is located within the Manndraperelva Member of the Stáhpogiedde Formation,based on biostratigraphic age control, followed by the Lower Cambrian Breidvika Formation. The successionconsists mainly of quartz-rich sandstones and mudrocks. Deposition took place in various environments, includingfluvial, shallow marine and deeper marine settings. As shown by previous studies using palaeocurrent data,sediment supply was from the Baltic Shield toward the passive margin of Baltica in pre-Ediacaran time. At onepoint within the Ediacaran succession, it shifted by 180 degrees due to the newly formed Timanian orogen. Thisorogen formed in north-eastern Baltica during the late Neoproterozoic and caused a shift in sediment transportdirection and change in source area due to the formation of the Timanian foreland basin to the east of DigermulenPeninsula. In order to track sediment supply and to test current palaeotectonic models a multi-disciplinaryapproach on late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian sediments of the Digermulen Peninsula has been applied. Themethods include, amongst other things, thin section petrography, bulk rock geochemistry (XRF, ICP-MS, ICPOES),bulk rock mineralogy (XRD), heavy mineral analysis, single grain chemistry (EMP, LA-ICP-MS) and zirconU-Pb geochronology.
  •  
45.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • Composition and provenance of upper Neoproterozoic and Cambrian sediments from Finnmark, Arctic Norway : Insights from a multi-method approach on the Digermulen Peninsula
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The remote Digermulen Peninsula by the Tanafjorden of north-eastern Finnmark, Arctic Norway, contains an almost complete sedimentary record across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition as well as microfossils, macrofossils and trace fossils for studying the Ediacaran biota and the Cambrian radiation. It is one of the few localities worldwide and the only locality in Scandinavia where Ediacara-type fossils have been found. The site was located at the edge of Baltica during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, where potentially the dramatic climatic turnover from icehouse to greenhouse conditions can be deduced and tied to large-scale plate tectonics. The Digermulen Peninsula was first studied in the 1930s by Sven Føyn, who also published a geological map in 1937, emended by Harold G. Reading in 1959. In the following years, more detailed mapping was carried out by students from Oxford University. The exposed rocks on the Digermulen Peninsula belong to the Vestertana and Digermulen groups of the Lower Allochthon overlying the Baltic Shield. The succession consists mainly of quartz-rich sandstones and mudrocks. Deposition took place in various environments including fluvial, shallow marine and deeper marine settings. As shown by previous studies using palaeocurrent data, sediment supply was from the Baltic Shield toward the passive margin of Baltica in pre-Ediacaran time. At one point within the Ediacaran succession, it shifted by 180 degrees due to the newly formed Timanian orogen. This orogen formed in north-eastern Baltica during the late Neoproterozoic. It caused a change in source area due to the formation of the Timanian foreland basin to the east of Digermulen Peninsula. Extensive field and laboratory work by the Digermulen Early Life Research Group, with funding from the Research Council of Norway, allows for the first time a detailed analysis of sediment supply and to test current palaeotectonic models based on a multi-method provenance approach on Neoproterozoic and Cambrian mudrocks and sandstones of the Digermulen Peninsula. The methods include, amongst others, thin-section petrography, bulk-rock geochemistry (XRF, ICP-MS), bulk-rock mineralogy (XRD), conventional heavy mineral analysis, single-grain geochemistry (EMP) and zircon U-Pb geochronology. We present and discuss the first results to decipher the sediment sources and to track changes of sediment supply through this critical time interval of Earth’s history.
  •  
46.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • First record of carbonates with spherulites and cone-in-cone structures from the Precambrian of Arctic Norway, and their palaeoenvironmental significance
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 328, s. 99-110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report for the first time carbonates from the upper Ediacaran sedimentary succession of Finnmark, Arctic Norway. Carbonates occur as calcareous siliciclastic beds, lenses, and concretions, some with calcite spherulites and cone-in-cone (CIC) calcite, in a mudrock to fine-grained sandstone succession from approximately 3 m to 26 m above the base of the 2nd cycle of the Manndrapselva Member of the Stahpogieddi Formation (Vestertana Group). They occur c. 40 m below the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary, which is well defined by trace fossils. Thin-section petrography and scanning micro X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal a layered composition of the calcareous sedimentary rocks. In some of those, well-developed nested cones of CIC calcite form the outer layer. Thin clay coatings outline individual cones. The inner layers are composed of (1) carbonate with calcite spherulites (grainstone) and (2) thinly laminated fine-grained calcareous siliciclastics (mudstone and wackestone) indicated by elevated concentrations of Al, Si, Fe, and Ti. The inner siliciclastic layers contain framboidal pyrite and probably organic matter. Formation of calcite spherulites took place probably at the sediment-water interface either in a coastal littoral environment or in situ in the sublittoral zone under high alkaline conditions whereas CIC calcite formed during burial diagenesis and clearly in pre-Caledonian time before metamorphism and cleavage formation. This new record of carbonates with calcite spherulites and CIC structures from the Ediacaran of Arctic Norway adds to their rare occurrences in the geological record.
  •  
47.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • Rare earth elements and neodymium and strontium isotopic constraints on provenance switch and post-depositional alteration of fossiliferous Ediacaran and lowermost Cambrian strata from Arctic Norway
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 381
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Digermulen Peninsula in northeastern Finnmark, Arctic Norway, comprises one of the most complete Ediacaran-Cambrian transitions worldwide with a nearly continuous record of micro-and macrofossils from the interval of the diversification of complex life. Here, we report on the provenance and post-depositional alteration of argillaceous mudstones from the Digermulen Peninsula using rare earth elements and Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics to provide an environmental context and better understand this important transition in Earth's history. The studied sections comprise a mid-Ediacaran glacial-interglacial cycle, including the Nyborg Formation (ca. 590 Ma) and Mortensnes Formation (related to the ca. 580 Ma-old Gaskiers glaciation), and the St & PRIME;ahpogieddi Formation (ca. 560-537 Ma), which yields Ediacara-type fossils in the Indreelva Member and contains the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval in the Manndrapselva Member and basal part of the informal Lower Breidvika member (ca. 537-530 Ma). Three sample groups, (1) Nyborg and Mortensnes for-mations, (2) the lowermost five samples from the Indreelva Member and (3) the remaining samples from the Indreelva as well as from the Manndrapselva and Lower Breidvika members, can be distinguished, belonging to distinct depositional units. All samples have negative epsilon(Nd)(T) values (-6.00 to -21.04) indicating a dominant input of terrigenous detritus with an old continental crust affinity. Significant shifts in Sm-Nd isotope values are related to changes in the sediment source, i.e. Svecofennian province vs Karelian province vs Svecofennian province plus in addition likely some juvenile (late Neoproterozoic volcanic) material, and probably reflect palaeotectonic reorganisation along the Iapetus-facing margin of Baltica. The combined Rb-Sr isotopic data of all samples yield an errorchron age of about 430 Ma reflecting the resetting of the Rb-Sr whole-rock isotope systems of the mudstones during the Scandian tectono-metamorphic event in the Gaissa Nappe Complex of Finnmark. Preservation of palaeopascichnids coincides with the sedimentation regimes of sample groups 2 and 3 while other Ediacara-type fossils, e.g. Aspidella-type and frondose forms, are limited to the sample group 3. Our results are similar to those of earlier studies from the East European Platform in suggesting oxic seafloor conditions during the late Ediacaran.
  •  
48.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • Sediment provenance at the edge of Baltica during the late Neoproterozoicand Cambrian : Insights from a multi‐method approach on the Digermulen Peninsula (Finnmark, Arctic Norway)
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Arctic Margins.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Digermulen Peninsula contains an almost complete sedimentary record across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition as well as microfossils, macrofossils and trace fossils for studying the Ediacaranbiota and the Cambrian radiation. The site was located at the edge of Baltica during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, where potentially the dramatic climatic turnover from icehouse to greenhouse conditions can be deduced and tied to large‐scale plate tectonics. The succession consists mainly of quartz‐rich sandstones and mudrocks. Deposition took place in various environments including fluvial, shallow marine and deeper marine settings. As shown by previous studies using palaeocurrent data, sediment supply was from the Baltic Shield toward the passive margin of Balticain pre‐Ediacaran time. At one point within the Ediacaran succession, it shifted by 180 degrees due tothe newly formed Timanian orogen. This orogen formed in north‐eastern Baltica during the late Neoproterozoic. It caused a change in source area due to the formation of the Timanian foreland basin to the east of Digermulen Peninsula. Extensive field and laboratory work by the Digermulen Early Life Research Group allows for the first time a detailed analysis of sediment supply and to test current palaeotectonic models based on a multi‐method provenance approach on Neoproterozoicand Cambrian sedimentary rocks of the Digermulen Peninsula. We present and discuss the first results to decipher the sediment sources and to track changes of sediment supply through thiscritical time interval of Earth history.
  •  
49.
  • Meinhold, Guido, et al. (författare)
  • U-Pb dating of calcite in ancient carbonates for age estimates of syn- to post-depositional processes : a case study from the upper Ediacaran strata of Finnmark, Arctic Norway
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 157:8, s. 1367-1372
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Results of in situ U-Pb dating of calcite spherulites, cone-in-cone (CIC) calcite and calcite fibres from a calcareous concretion of the upper Ediacaran of Finnmark, Arctic Norway, are reported. Calcite spherulites from the innermost layers of the concretion yielded a lower intercept age of 563 +/- 70 Ma, which, although imprecise, is within uncertainty of the age of sedimentation based on fossil assemblages. Non-deformed CIC calcite from the bottom part of the concretion yielded an age of 475 +/- 25 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of CIC calcite formation during a period of fluid overpressure induced during burial of the sediments. Deformed CIC calcite from the top part of the concretion yielded an age of 418 +/- 23 Ma, which overlaps with a known Caledonian tectono-metamorphic event, and indicates a potential post-depositional overprint at this time. Calcite fibres that grew in small fissures along spherulite rims, which are interpreted as a recrystallization feature during deformation and formation of a cleavage, gave an imprecise age of 486 +/- 161 Ma. Our results show that U-Pb dating of calcite can provide age constraints for ancient carbonates and syn- to post-depositional processes that operated during burial and metamorphic overprinting.
  •  
50.
  • Myte, Robin, et al. (författare)
  • One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and genetic variants in relation to colorectal cancer risk by KRAS and BRAF mutation status
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Disturbances in one-carbon metabolism, intracellular reactions involved in nucleotide synthesis and methylation, likely increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, results have been inconsistent. To explore whether this inconsistency could be explained by intertumoral heterogeneity, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to the risk of molecular subtypes of CRC defined by mutations in the KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. This nested case-control study included 488 CRC cases and 947 matched controls from two population-based cohorts in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. We analyzed 14 biomarkers and 17 SNPs in prediagnostic blood and determined KRAS and BRAF mutation status in tumor tissue. In a multivariate network analysis, no variable displayed a strong association with the risk of specific CRC subtypes. A non-synonymous SNP in the CTH gene, rs1021737, had a stronger association compared with other variables. In subsequent univariate analyses, participants with variant rs1021737 genotype had a decreased risk of KRAS-mutated CRC (OR per allele = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.50, 1.05), and an increased risk of BRAF-mutated CRC (OR per allele = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.30), with weak evidence for heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity = 0.01). This subtype-specific SNP association was not replicated in a case-case analysis of 533 CRC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (P = 0.85). In conclusion, we found no support for clear subtype-specific roles of one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and SNPs in CRC development, making differences in CRC molecular subtype distributions an unlikely explanation for the varying results on the role of one-carbon metabolism in CRC development across previous studies. Further investigation of the CTH gene in colorectal carcinogenesis with regards to KRAS and BRAF mutations or other molecular characteristics of the tumor may be warranted.
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