| 1. |
- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
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| 2. |
- Lønborg, C., et al.
(författare)
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A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 16:2, s. 1107-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components ofbiogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOMv1; available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, Lønborg et al., 2023) compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP in coastal waters. These data are complementedby hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables(e.g. chlorophyll a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon andtotal alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations of concentrations from all continents. However,most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in DOM measurements from the SouthernHemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62 338 data points for DOC,20 356 for DON, and 13 533 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequenceDOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focuson carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concentration in coastal waters (average ± standard deviation (SD): 182±314 µmolC L−1; median: 103 µmolC L−1) is13-fold higher than the average coastal DON concentration (13.6 ± 30.4 µmol N L−1; median: 8.0 µmol N L−1),which is itself 39-fold higher than the average coastal DOP concentration (0.34 ± 1.11 µmol P L−1; median:0.18 µmol P L−1). This dataset will be useful for identifying global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and willhelp facilitate the reuse of DOC, DON, and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes; closing nutrient budgets; estimating carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pools; and establishing abaseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
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| 3. |
- Kueppers, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Triple F-a comet nucleus sample return mission
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 23:3, s. 809-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Triple F (Fresh From the Fridge) mission, a Comet Nucleus Sample Return, has been proposed to ESA's Cosmic Vision program. A sample return from a comet enables us to reach the ultimate goal of cometary research. Since comets are the least processed bodies in the solar system, the proposal goes far beyond cometary science topics (like the explanation of cometary activity) and delivers invaluable information about the formation of the solar system and the interstellar molecular cloud from which it formed. The proposed mission would extract three sample cores of the upper 50 cm from three locations on a cometary nucleus and return them cooled to Earth for analysis in the laboratory. The simple mission concept with a touch-and-go sampling by a single spacecraft was proposed as an M-class mission in collaboration with the Russian space agency ROSCOSMOS.
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| 4. |
- Poulios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Post-Game High Protein Intake May Improve Recovery of Football-Specific Performance during a Congested Game Fixture: Results from the PRO-FOOTBALL Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of protein supplementation on performance recovery and inflammatory responses during a simulated one-week in-season microcycle with two games (G1, G2) performed three days apart were examined. Twenty football players participated in two trials, receiving either milk protein concentrate (1.15 and 0.26 g/kg on game and training days, respectively) (PRO) or an energy-matched placebo (1.37 and 0.31 g/kg of carbohydrate on game and training days, respectively) (PLA) according to a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover, double-blind design. Each trial included two games and four daily practices. Speed, jump height, isokinetic peak torque, and muscle soreness of knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) were measured before G1 and daily thereafter for six days. Blood was drawn before G1 and daily thereafter. Football-specific locomotor activity and heart rate were monitored using GPS technology during games and practices. The two games resulted in reduced speed (by 3-17%), strength of knee flexors (by 12-23%), and jumping performance (by 3-10%) throughout recovery, in both trials. Average heart rate and total distance covered during games remained unchanged in PRO but not in PLA. Moreover, PRO resulted in a change of smaller magnitude in high-intensity running at the end of G2 (75-90 min vs. 0-15 min) compared to PLA (P = 0.012). KE concentric strength demonstrated a more prolonged decline in PLA (days 1 and 2 after G1, P = 0.014-0.018; days 1, 2 and 3 after G2, P = 0.016-0.037) compared to PRO (days 1 after G1, P = 0.013; days 1 and 2 after G2, P = 0.014-0.033) following both games. KF eccentric strength decreased throughout recovery after G1 (PLA: P=0.001-0.047-PRO: P =0.004-0.22) in both trials, whereas after G2 it declined throughout recovery in PLA (P = 0.000-0.013) but only during the first two days (P = 0.000-0.014) in PRO. No treatment effect was observed for delayed onset of muscle soreness, leukocyte counts, and creatine kinase activity. PRO resulted in a faster recovery of protein and lipid peroxidation markers after both games. Reduced glutathione demonstrated a more short-lived reduction after G2 in PRO compared to PLA. In summary, these results provide evidence that protein feeding may more efficiently restore football-specific performance and strength and provide antioxidant protection during a congested game fixture.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Contessotto, P., et al.
(författare)
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Reproducing extracellular matrix adverse remodelling of non-ST myocardial infarction in a large animal model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rising incidence of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and associated long-term high mortality constitutes an urgent clinical issue. Unfortunately, the study of possible interventions to treat this pathology lacks a reproducible pre-clinical model. Indeed, currently adopted small and large animal models of MI mimic only full-thickness, ST-segment-elevation (STEMI) infarcts, and hence cater only for an investigation into therapeutics and interventions directed at this subset of MI. Thus, we develop an ovine model of NSTEMI by ligating the myocardial muscle at precise intervals parallel to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Upon histological and functional investigation to validate the proposed model and comparison with STEMI full ligation model, RNA-seq and proteomics show the distinctive features of post-NSTEMI tissue remodelling. Transcriptome and proteome-derived pathway analyses at acute (7 days) and late (28 days) post-NSTEMI pinpoint specific alterations in cardiac post-ischaemic extracellular matrix. Together with the rise of well-known markers of inflammation and fibrosis, NSTEMI ischaemic regions show distinctive patterns of complex galactosylated and sialylated N-glycans in cellular membranes and extracellular matrix. Identifying such changes in molecular moieties accessible to infusible and intra-myocardial injectable drugs sheds light on developing targeted pharmacological solutions to contrast adverse fibrotic remodelling. The study of the pathophysiology and possible interventions for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is hindered by the lack of a reproducible pre-clinical model. Here, authors develop an ovine model to reproduce post-ischemic remodeling in non-ST myocardial infarction and reveal distinct complex sugar moieties in cellular membranes and extracellular matrix patterns in infarcted tissue.
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| 7. |
- Jamurtas, A. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Iron status markers are only transiently affected by a football game
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 33:20, s. 2088-2099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the temporal variation of iron’s status markers during a 60h period following a football game. Thirty-four male football players were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, N=14, participated only in measurements and training) or an experimental group (EG, N=20, took part in a football game one week after the completion of the competitive season). All participants trained regularly for two consecutive days after the game. Training and game load was monitored with high time-resolution global positioning system (GPS) devices. Blood samples were collected and muscle damage markers and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were assessed pre-game and at 2h, 12h 36h and 60h post-game. No changes were noted in CG. Iron concentration decreased (P<0.05) 2h post-game and normalised thereafter whereas total iron binding capacity increased (P<0.05) 12–60h of recovery (P<0.05). Erythrocytes, haemoglobin (HGB) concentration, plasma volume, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell HGB, mean cell HGB concentration, red cell width-SD, red cell width-CV, ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation remained unaltered during the intervention period. Creatine kinase activity and muscle soreness increased (P<0.05) throughout recovery in EG. RSA declined (P<0.05) until 36h of recovery and normalised thereafter. Our data demonstrate that iron status markers are only transiently affected by a football game. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Swat, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacometrics Markup Language (PharmML) : Opening New Perspectives for Model Exchange in Drug Development
- 2015
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Ingår i: CPT. - : American Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - 2163-8306. ; 4:6, s. 316-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of a common exchange format for mathematical models in pharmacometrics has been a long-standing problem. Such a format has the potential to increase productivity and analysis quality, simplify the handling of complex workflows, ensure reproducibility of research, and facilitate the reuse of existing model resources. Pharmacometrics Markup Language (PharmML), currently under development by the Drug Disease Model Resources (DDMoRe) consortium, is intended to become an exchange standard in pharmacometrics by providing means to encode models, trial designs, and modeling steps.
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| 12. |
- Bowtell, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Improved Exercise Tolerance with Caffeine Is Associated with Modulation of both Peripheral and Central Neural Processes in Human Participants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Caffeine has been shown to enhance exercise performance and capacity. The mechanisms remain unclear but are suggested to relate to adenosine receptor antagonism, resulting in increased central motor drive, reduced perception of effort, and altered peripheral processes such as enhanced calcium handling and extracellular potassium regulation. Our aims were to investigate how caffeine (i) affects knee extensor PCr kinetics and pH during repeated sets of single-leg knee extensor exercise to task failure and (ii) modulates the interplay between central and peripheral neural processes. We hypothesized that the caffeine-induced extension of exercise capacity during repeated sets of exercise would occur despite greater disturbance of the muscle milieu due to enhanced peripheral and corticospinal excitatory output, central motor drive, and muscle contractility. Methods: Nine healthy active young men performed five sets of intense single-leg knee extensor exercise to task failure on four separate occasions: for two visits (6 mg.kg(-1) caffeine vs placebo), quadriceps P-31-magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were performed to quantify phosphocreatine kinetics and pH, and for the remaining two visits (6 mg.kg-1 caffeine vs placebo), femoral nerve electrical and transcranial magnetic stimulation of the quadriceps cortical motor area were applied pre- and post exercise. Results: The total exercise time was 17.9 +/- 6.0% longer in the caffeine (1,225 +/- 86 s) than in the placebo trial (1,049 +/- 73 s, p = 0.016), and muscle phosphocreatine concentration and pH (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the latter sets of exercise after caffeine ingestion. Voluntary activation (VA) (peripheral, p = 0.007; but not supraspinal, p = 0.074), motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude (p = 0.007), and contractility (contraction time, p = 0.009; and relaxation rate, p = 0.003) were significantly higher after caffeine consumption, but at task failure MEP amplitude and VA were not different from placebo. Caffeine prevented the reduction in M-wave amplitude that occurred at task failure (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Caffeine supplementation improved high-intensity exercise tolerance despite greater-end exercise knee extensor phosphocreatine depletion and H+ accumulation. Caffeine-induced increases in central motor drive and corticospinal excitability were attenuated at task failure. This may have been induced by the afferent feedback of the greater disturbance of the muscle milieu, resulting in a stronger inhibitory input to the spinal and supraspinal motor neurons. However, causality needs to be established through further experiments.
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| 13. |
- Bowtell, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomed Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to study whether short-duration vibration exercise or football sessions of two different durations acutely changed plasma markers of bone turnover and muscle strain. Inactive premenopausal women (n = 56) were randomized to complete a single bout of short (FG15) or long duration (FG60) small sided football or low magnitude whole body vibration training (VIB). Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was increased during exercise for FG15 (51.6 +/- 23.0 to 56.5 +/- 22.5 mu g.L-1, mean +/- SD, P < 0.05) and FG60 (42.6 +/- 11.8 to 50.2 +/- 12.8 mu g.L-1, P < 0.05) but not for VIB (38.8 +/- 15.1 to 36.6 +/- 14.7 mu g.L-1, P > 0.05). An increase in osteocalcin was observed 48 h after exercise (P < 0.05), which did not differ between exercise groups. C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was not affected by exercise. Blood lactate concentration increased during exercise for FG15 (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 1.2mM) and FG60 (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 2.0 mM), but not for VIB (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.4mM) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatine kinase increased by 55 +/- 63% and 137 +/- 119% 48 h after FG15 and FG60 (P < 0.05), but not after VIB (26 +/- 54%, NS). In contrast to the minor elevation in osteocalcin in response to a single session of vibration exercise, both short and longer durations of small sided football acutely increased plasma P1NP, osteocalcin, and creatine kinase. This may contribute to favorable effects of chronic training on musculoskeletal health.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Connolly, L. J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of small-volume soccer and vibration training on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscular PCr kinetics for inactive women aged 20-45
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Health Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-2546. ; 3:4, s. 284-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group (SG, n = 13) and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group (VG, n = 17) on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group (CO, n = 14). Methods: Training for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates (HRs) of similar to 155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition (DXA), phosphocreatine (PCr) on-and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during standardised submaximal exercise were performed. Results: After 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered (p = 0.03) by 1.7% +/- 2.4% from 37.5% +/- 6.9% to 35.8% +/- 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated (4% +/- 8%, p = 0.04), with no changes in VG or CO (time-group effect: p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training (6% +/- 5% of HRmax, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Short duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women. Copyright (C) 2014, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Contessotto, P., et al.
(författare)
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Elastin-like recombinamers-based hydrogel modulates post-ischemic remodeling in a non-transmural myocardial infarction in sheep
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 13:581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality due to irreversible damage to cardiac muscle. Inspired by the post-ischemic microenvironment, we devised an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking hydrogel using catalyst-free click chemistry covalent bonding between two elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs). The resulting customized hydrogel included functional domains for cell adhesion and protease cleavage sites, sensitive to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases overexpressed after myocardial infarction (MI). The scaffold permitted stromal cell invasion and endothelial cell sprouting in vitro. The incidence of non-transmural infarcts has increased clinically over the past decade, and there is currently no treatment preventing further functional deterioration in the infarcted areas. Here, we have developed a clinically relevant ovine model of non-transmural infarcts induced by multiple suture ligations. Intramyocardial injections of the degradable ELRs-hydrogel led to complete functional recovery of ejection fraction 21 days after the intervention. We observed less fibrosis and more angiogenesis in the ELRs-hydrogel-treated ischemic core region compared to the untreated animals, as validated by the expression, proteomic, glycomic, and histological analyses. These findings were accompanied by enhanced preservation of GATA4(+) cardiomyocytes in the border zone of the infarct. We propose that our customized ECM favors cardiomyocyte preservation in the border zone by modulating the ischemic core and a marked functional recovery. The functional benefits obtained by the timely injection of the ELRs-hydrogel in a clinically relevant MI model support the potential utility of this treatment for further clinical translation.
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| 17. |
- Dengler, Juergen, et al.
(författare)
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GrassPlot - a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands
- 2018
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Ingår i: Phytocoenologia. - : Schweizerbart. - 0340-269X. ; 48:3, s. 331-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board.
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| 18. |
- Draganidis, D., et al.
(författare)
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Recovery Kinetics of Knee Flexor and Extensor Strength after a Football Match
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the temporal changes of isokinetic strength performance of knee flexor (KF) and extensor (KE) strength after a footballmatch. Players were randomly assigned to a control (N = 14, participated only in measurements and practices) or an experimental group (N = 20, participated also in a football match). Participants trained daily during the two days after the match. Match and training overload was monitored with GPS devices. Venous blood was sampled and muscle damage was assessed pre-match, post-match and at 12h, 36h and 60h post-match. Isometric strength as well as eccentric and concentric peak torque of knee flexors and extensors in both limbs (dominant and non-dominant) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at baseline and at 12h, 36h and 60h after the match. Functional (KFecc/KEcon) and conventional (KFcon/KEcon) ratios were then calculated. Only eccentric peak torque of knee flexors declined at 60h after the match in the control group. In the experimental group: a) isometric strength of knee extensors and knee flexors declined (P<0.05) at 12h (both limbs) and 36h (dominant limb only), b) eccentric and concentric peak torque of knee extensors and flexors declined (P<0.05) in both limbs for 36h at 60 degrees/s and for 60h at 180 degrees/s with eccentric peak torque of knee flexors demonstrating a greater (P<0.05) reduction than concentric peak torque, c) strength deterioration was greater (P<0.05) at 180 degrees/s and in dominant limb, d) the functional ratio was more sensitive tomatch-induced fatigue demonstrating a more prolonged decline. Discriminant and regression analysis revealed that strength deterioration and recovery may be related to the amount of eccentric actions performed during the match and athletes' football-specific conditioning. Our data suggest that recovery kinetics of knee flexor and extensor strength after a football match demonstrate strength, limb and velocity specificity and may depend on match physical overload and players' physical conditioning level.
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| 19. |
- Ermidis, G., et al.
(författare)
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Technical demands across playing positions of the Asian Cup in male football
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1474-8185 .- 2474-8668. ; 19:4, s. 530-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare technical variables by playing positions in football during the 2015 Asian Cup. Top-level male football players (n = 202) that completed the full 90-min game were considered. Match-analysis data were collected using OPTA Sportsdata (www.optasports.com). Kruskal–Wallis H non-parametric test revealed that external midfielders (EM) scored more goals than fullbacks (FB) (p = 0.042), and that FB had less attempts (to score a goal) than central midfielders (CM), EM and forwards (FW), whereas central defenders (CD) had less attempts than FW (p < 0.05). CM performed more passes than CD, EM and FW, while FW performed less passes than CD, FB and CM. CD and CM performed more successful passes than FB and FW (p < 0.05), and CM also had more passes than EM (p < 0.05). Moreover, FW had more aerial duels (50–50 contests) than CM, FB and EM (p < 0.05). Similar numbers of aerial duels occurred for CD and FW. Ground duels occurred less (p < 0.05) frequently for CD compared to FB, CM, EM and FW. In conclusion, differences in technical events were observed between the various playing positions during competitive elite football matches, making it valuable considering the technical demands of players during group training as well as individualised training. © 2019, © 2019 Cardiff Metropolitan University.
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| 20. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue Responses in Various Muscle Groups in Well-Trained Competitive Male Players after a Simulated Soccer Game
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Kinetics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1640-5544 .- 1899-7562. ; 61, s. 85-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the degree of post-game fatigue and the recovery pattern in various leg and upper-body muscle groups after a simulated soccer game. Well-trained competitive male soccer players (n = 12) participated in the study. The players completed the Copenhagen Soccer Test, a 2 x 45 min simulated soccer protocol, following baseline measures of maximal voluntary contractions of multiple muscle groups and systemic markers of muscle damage and inflammation at 0, 24 and 48 h into recovery. All muscle groups had a strength decrement (p ≤ 0.05) at 0 h post-match with knee flexors (14 ± 3%) and hip abductors (6 ± 1%) demonstrating the largest and smallest impairment. However, 24 h into recovery all individual muscles had recovered. When pooled in specific muscle groups, the trunk muscles and knee joint muscles presented the largest decline 0 h post-match, 11 ± 2% for both, with the performance decrement still persistent (4 ± 1%, p ≤ 0.05) for trunk muscles 24 h into recovery. Large inter-player variations were observed in game-induced fatigue and recovery patterns in the various muscle groups. Markers of muscle damage and inflammation peaked 0 h post-match (myoglobin) and 24 h into recovery (creatine kinase), respectively, but thereafter returned to baseline. Intermittent test performance correlated with creatine kinase activity 24 h after the Copenhagen Soccer Test (r = -0.70; p = 0.02). In conclusion, post-game fatigue is evident in multiple muscle groups with knee flexors showing the greatest performance decrement. Fatigue and recovery patterns vary markedly between muscle groups and players, yet trunk muscles display the slowest recovery.
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| 21. |
- Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players : speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 118:1, s. 111-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the skeletal muscle and performance responses across two different exercise training modalities which are highly applied in soccer training. Using an RCT design, 39 well-trained male soccer players were randomized into either a speed endurance training (SET; n = 21) or a small-sided game group (SSG; n = 18). Over 4 weeks, thrice weekly, SET performed 6-10 x 30-s all-out runs with 3-min recovery, while SSG completed 2 x 7-9-min small-sided games with 2-min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis pre and post intervention and were subsequently analysed for metabolic enzyme activity and muscle protein expression. Moreover, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) was performed. Muscle CS maximal activity increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in SET only, demonstrating larger (P < 0.05) improvement than SSG, while HAD activity increased (P < 0.05) by 24% in both groups. Na+-K+ ATPase alpha(1) subunit protein expression increased (P < 0.05) in SET and SSG (19 and 37%, respectively), while MCT4 protein expression rose (P < 0.05) by 30 and 61% in SET and SSG, respectively. SOD2 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 28 and 37% in SET and SSG, respectively, while GLUT-4 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 40% in SSG only. Finally, SET displayed 39% greater improvement (P < 0.05) in Yo-Yo IR2 performance than SSG. Speed endurance training improved muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance more pronouncedly than small-sided game training, but comparable responses were in muscle ion transporters and antioxidative capacity in well-trained male soccer players.
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| 22. |
- Gudmundsson, Magni, et al.
(författare)
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Atelectasis is inversely proportional to transpulmonary pressure during weaning from ventilator support in a large animal model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 62:1, s. 94-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn mechanically ventilated, lung injured, patients without spontaneous breathing effort, atelectasis with shunt and desaturation may appear suddenly when ventilator pressures are decreased. It is not known how such a formation of atelectasis is related to transpulmonary pressure (P-L) during weaning from mechanical ventilation when the spontaneous breathing effort is increased. If the relation between P-L and atelectasis were known, monitoring of P-L might help to avoid formation of atelectasis and cyclic collapse during weaning. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relation between P-L and atelectasis in an experimental model representing weaning from mechanical ventilation. MethodsDynamic transverse computed tomography scans were acquired in ten anaesthetized, surfactant-depleted pigs with preserved spontaneous breathing, as ventilator support was lowered by sequentially reducing inspiratory pressure and positive end expiratory pressure in steps. The volumes of gas and atelectasis in the lungs were correlated with P-L obtained using oesophageal pressure recordings. Work of breathing (WOB) was assessed from Campbell diagrams. ResultsGradual decrease in P-L in both end-expiration and end-inspiration caused a proportional increase in atelectasis and decrease in the gas content (linear mixed model with an autoregressive correlation matrix; P<0.001) as the WOB increased. However, cyclic alveolar collapse during tidal ventilation did not increase significantly. ConclusionWe found a proportional correlation between atelectasis and P-L during the weaning process' in experimental mild lung injury. If confirmed in the clinical setting, a gradual tapering of ventilator support can be recommended for weaning without risk of sudden formation of atelectasis.
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| 23. |
- Hofgaard, J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a 6-Week Faroese Chain Dance Programme on Postural Balance, Physical Function, and Health Profile in Elderly Subjects: A Pilot Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomed Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141. ; 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present pilot study investigates the impact of a Faroese chain dance intervention on health profile, mobility, and postural balance in elderly subjects. Healthy elderly subjects (n=27; age 75 +/- 5 yrs) were randomised into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). IG performed twice-weekly sessions of Faroese chain dance over 6 weeks. Dancing sessions lasted 30 min in the initial 3 weeks and 45 min in the final 3 weeks. Health profile was determined before and after intervention by measuring blood pressure, resting heart rate, muscle mass, and body fat content. Postural balance was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FAB) tests, while mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, the 6-min walk test, and the 30-s sit-to-stand test. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lowered (9 +/- 6 and 6 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively) in IG, with a tendency (P=0.07) for a greater change score than in CG. Mean arterial pressure declined (P<0.05) by 7 +/- 3 mmHg in IG, which tended (P=0.09) to be greater than in CG. IG improved (P<0.05) on BBS and FAB scores by 3.6 +/- 2.1% and 15.8 +/- 8.3%, with the change score for FAB being greater (P<0.05) than in CG (0.3 +/- 1.6). Moreover, the postintervention SPPB score was improved (P<0.05) more in IG (13.9 +/- 7.4%) compared to CG, while performance in the 30-s sit-to-stand, 6-min walk, and TUG tests improved (4-15%; P<0.05) in IG only. Body fat content was reduced (P<0.05) from 36.3 +/- 2.8% to 34.8 +/- 2.8% in IG, with no between-group differences and no change in CG (34.1 +/- 2.8% to 33.7 +/- 3.1%). In conclusion, a 6-week Faroese chain dance programme lowers blood pressure and improves postural balance and physical function in elderly.
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| 24. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Sodium bicarbonate intake improves high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in trained young men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1550-2783. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sodium bicarbonate intake has been shown to improve exercise tolerance, but the effects on high-intensity intermittent exercise are less clear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate intake on Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 performance in trained young men. Method: Thirteen men aged 23 +/- 1 year (height: 180 +/- 2 cm, weight: 78 +/- 3 kg; VO(2)max: 61.3 +/- 3.3 mlO(2).kg(-1).min(-1); means +/- SEM) performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) on two separate occasions in randomized order with (SBC) and without (CON) prior intake of sodium bicarbonate (0.4 g.kg(-1) body weight). Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during the test and venous blood samples were taken frequently. Results: Yo-Yo IR2 performance was 14 % higher (P = 0.04) in SBC than in CON (735 +/- 61 vs 646 +/- 46 m, respectively). Blood pH and bicarbonate were similar between trials at baseline, but higher (P = 0.003) immediately prior to the Yo-Yo IR2 test in SBC than in CON (7.44 +/- 0.01 vs 7.32 +/- 0.01 and 33.7 +/- 3.2 vs 27.3 +/- 0.6 mmol.l(-1), respectively). Blood lactate was 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mmol.l(-1) at baseline and increased to 11.3 +/- 1.4 and 9.4 +/- 0.8 mmoL.l(-1) at exhaustion in SBC and CON, respectively, being higher (P = 0.03) in SBC. Additionally, peak blood lactate was higher (P = 0.02) in SBC than in CON (11.7 +/- 1.2 vs 10.2 +/- 0.7 mmol.l(-1)). Blood glucose, plasma K+ and Na+ were not different between trials. Peak heart rate reached at exhaustion was 197 +/- 3 and 195 +/- 3 bpm in SBC and CON, respectively, with no difference between conditions. RPE was 7 % lower (P = 0.003) in SBC than in CON after 440 m, but similar at exhaustion (19.3 +/- 0.2 and 19.5 +/- 0.2). Conclusion: In conclusion, high-intensity intermittent exercise performance is improved by prior intake of sodium bicarbonate in trained young men, with concomitant elevations in blood alkalosis and peak blood lactate levels, as well as lowered rating of perceived exertion.
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| 25. |
- Macchi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin, Resistin, and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 - The Role of STAT3
- 2020
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Ingår i: The American journal of pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-2191 .- 0002-9440. ; 190:11, s. 2226-2236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a condition of dysfunctional visceral fat depots, as in the case of obesity, alterations in adipokines levels may be detrimental for the cardiovascular system. The proinflammatory leptin and resistin adipokines have been described as possible links between obesity and atherosclerosis. The present study was aimed at evaluating whether proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein metabolism, is induced by leptin and resistin through the involvement of the inflammatory pathway of signal transducer and activator of transcript 3 (STAT3). In HepG2 cells, leptin and resistin upregulated PCSK9 gene and protein expression as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3. Upon STAT3 silencing, leptin and resistin lost their ability to activate PCSK9. The knock-down of STAT3 did not affect the expression of leptin and resistin receptors as well as that of PCSK9. The analysis of human PCSK9 promoter region showed that the two adipokines raise PCSK9 promoter activity via the involvement of sterol regulatory element motif. In healthy male, a positive association between circulating leptin and PCSK9 levels was found only when BMI was < 25 kg/m2. In conclusion, our study identified STAT3 as one of the molecular regulators of leptin- and resistin-mediated transcriptional induction of PCSK9.
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| 26. |
- Milanovic, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Broad-spectrum physical fitness benefits of recreational football: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 53:15, s. 926-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A previous meta-analysis showed that maximal oxygen uptake increased by 3.51 mL/kg/min (95% CI 3.07 to 4.15) during a recreational football programme of 3-6 months in comparison with continuous moderate-intensity running, strength training or a passive control group. In addition, narrative reviews have demonstrated beneficial effects of recreational football on physical fitness and health status. Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the magnitude of effects of recreational football on blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and muscular fitness with reference to age, gender and health status. Data sources MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched prior to 1 February 2017. In addition, Google Scholar alerts were set up in January 2012 to identify potential papers with the following key terms: recreational football, recreational soccer, street football and street soccer. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised and matched controlled trials with participants allocated to a recreational football group or any other type of exercises or passive control group were included. Training programmes had to last at least 2 weeks to meet the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures were blood pressure, resting heart rate, body composition, muscular fitness, and blood lipids and glucose tolerance. A total of 31 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. Results The effect of recreational football on systolic blood pressure (SBP) versus no-exercise controls was most likely extremely largely beneficial (effect size (ES)=4.20 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.87 to 6.53). In addition, a most likely very large beneficial (ES=3.89 mm Hg; 95% CI 2.33 to 5.44) effect was observed for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), when compared with non-active groups. Furthermore, a most likely extremely large beneficial effect was shown for SBP and DBP in participants with mild hypertension (11 and 7 mm Hg decrease, respectively) and participants with prehypertension (10 and 7 mm Hg decrease, respectively). Meta-analysis of recreational football determined the impact on resting heart rate as most likely extremely largely beneficial (ES=6.03 beats/min; 95% CI 4.43 to 7.64) when compared with non-active groups. The observed recreational football effect on fat mass was most likely largely beneficial (ES=1.72 kg; 95% CI 0.86 to 2.58) and the effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance was most likely very largely beneficial (ES=2.27 cm; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.25) when compared with non-active groups. Possibly beneficial decreases were found in low-density lipoprotein levels (ES=0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.36). Possibly largely beneficial effect was observed for DBP in comparison with continuous running training. Small harmful and unclear results were noted for SBP, fat and lean body mass, body mass index, as well as muscular fitness when compared with running and Zumba training. Conclusion The present meta-analysis demonstrated multiple broad-spectrum benefits of recreational football on health-related physical fitness compared with no-exercise controls, including improvements in blood pressure, resting heart rate, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CMJ performance. Additionally, recreational football is efficient and effective as Zumba and continuous running exercise regimens with highlighted social, motivational and competitive components.
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| 27. |
- Milanovic, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Health-Related Physical Fitness in Healthy Untrained Men: Effects on VO(2)max, Jump Performance and Flexibility of Soccer and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Running
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recreational soccer (SOC) compared to moderate-intensity continuous running (RUN) on all health-related physical fitness components in healthy untrained men. Sixty-nine participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups, of which sixty-four completed the study: a soccer training group (SOC; n = 20, 34 +/- 4 (means +/- SD) years, 78.1 +/- 8.3 kg, 179 +/- 4 cm); a running group (RUN; n = 21, 32 +/- 4 years, 78.0 +/- 5.5 kg, 179 +/- 7 cm); or a passive control group (CON; n = 23, 30 +/- 3 years, 76.6 +/- 12.0 kg, 178 +/- 8 cm). The training intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of three 60-min sessions per week. All participants were tested for each of the following physical fitness components: maximal aerobic power, minute ventilation, maximal heart rate, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ), sit-and-reach flexibility, and body composition. Over the 12 weeks, VO(2)max relative to body weight increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (24.2%, ES = 1.20) and RUN (21.5%, ES = 1.17) than in CON (-5.0%, ES = -0.24), partly due to large changes in body mass (-5.9, -5.7 and +2.6 kg, p<0.05 for SOC, RUN and CON, respectively). Over the 12 weeks, SJ and CMJ performance increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (14.8 and 12.1%, ES = 1.08 and 0.81) than in RUN (3.3 and 3.0%, ES = 0.23 and 0.19) and CON (0.3 and 0.2%), while flexibility also increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (94%, ES = 0.97) than in RUN and CON (0-2%). In conclusion, untrained men displayed marked improvements in maximal aerobic power after 12 weeks of soccer training and moderate-intensity running, partly due to large decreases in body mass. Additionally soccer training induced pronounced positive effects on jump performance and flexibility, making soccer an effective broad-spectrum fitness training intervention.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Mohr, Magni, et al.
(författare)
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Football training as a non-pharmacological treatment of the global aging population—A topical review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6217. ; 4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present topical mini-review, the beneficial impact of small-sided game football training for the increasing elderly global population is presented. As a multicomponent type of physical activity, football training executed on small pitched with 4–6 players in each team is targeting a myriad of physiological systems and causes positive adaptations of relevance for several non-communicable diseases, of which the incidence increases with advancing age. There is strong scientific evidence that this type of football training promotes cardiovascular, metabolic and musculo-skeletal health in elderly individuals. These positive adaptations can prevent cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and lower the risk of falls. Also, football training has been proven an efficient part of the treatment of several patient groups including men with prostate cancer and women after breast cancer. Finally, regular football training has an anti-inflammatory effect and may slow the biological aging. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that recreational football training can promote health in the elderly.
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| 30. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle damage, inflammatory, immune and performance responses to three football games in 1 week in competitive male players.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 116:1, s. 179-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined effects of a three-game, 1-week microcycle (G1, G2, G3) on recovery of performance and inflammatory responses in professional male footballers. Players were randomized into an experimental (EXP; N = 20) and a control group (CON; N = 20). Blood was drawn and repeated sprint ability (RSA), muscle soreness and knee range of motion (KJRM) were determined pre- and post-games and during recovery. High-intensity running during G2 was 7-14 % less compared to G1 and G3. RSA declined in EXP by 2-9 % 3 days post-game with G2 causing the greatest performance impairment. In EXP, game play increased muscle soreness (similar to sevenfold) compared to CON with G2 inducing the greatest rise, while KJRM was attenuated post-game in EXP compared to CON (5-7 %) and recovered slower post G2 and G3 than G1. CK, CRP, sVCAM-1, sP-Selectin and cortisol peaked 48 h post-games with G2 eliciting the greatest increase. Leukocyte count, testosterone, IL-1 beta and IL6 responses, although altered 24 h post each game, were comparable among games. Plasma TBARS and protein carbonyls rose by similar to 50 % post-games with G2 eliciting the greatest increase 48 h of recovery. Reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio declined for 24 h post all games with G2 displaying the slowest recovery. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity increased (9-56 %) for 48 h in response to game play. In summary, post-game performance recovery and inflammatory adaptations in response to a three-game weekly microcycle displayed a different response pattern, with strong indications of a largest physiological stress and fatigue after the middle game that was preceded by only a 3-day recovery.
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| 31. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle ion transporters and antioxidative proteins have different adaptive potential in arm than in leg skeletal muscle with exercise training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 5:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was evaluated whether upper-body compared to lower-body musculature exhibits a different phenotype in relation to capacity for handling reactive oxygen species (ROS), H+, La-, Na+, K+ and also whether it differs in adaptive potential to exercise training. Eighty-three sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD) were randomized into a high-intensity intermittent swimming group (HIS, n = 21), a moderate-intensity swimming group (MOS, n = 21), a soccer group (SOC, n = 21), or a control group (CON, n = 20). Intervention groups completed three weekly training sessions for 15 weeks, and pre- and postintervention biopsies were obtained from deltoideus and vastus lateralis muscle. Before training, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), Na+/K+ pump alpha(2), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expressions were lower (P < 0.05) in m. deltoideus than in m. vastus lateralis, whereas deltoid had higher (P < 0.05) Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) expression. As a result of training, Na+/K+ pump alpha(2) isoform expression was elevated only in deltoideus muscle, while upregulation (P < 0.05) of the alpha(1) and beta(1) sub-units, phospholemman (FXYD1), NHE1, and superoxide dismutase 1 expression occurred exclusively in vastus lateralis muscle. The increased (P < 0.05) expression of MCT4 and SOD2 in deltoid muscle after HIS and vastus lateralis muscle after SOC were similar. In conclusion, arm musculature displays lower basal ROS, La-, K+ handling capability but higher Na+-dependent H+ extrusion capacity than leg musculature. Training-induced changes in the ion-transporting and antioxidant proteins clearly differed between muscle groups.
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| 32. |
- Papanikolaou, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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The Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2 test: reliability of performance scores, physiological responses and overload characteristics in competitive soccer, basketball and volleyball players
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Kinetics. - : Termedia Sp. z.o.o.. - 1640-5544 .- 1899-7562. ; 67:1, s. 223-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the physiological and overload features of the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test level 2 (Yo-Yo IE2) in competitive male soccer (n = 20), basketball (n = 11), and volleyball players (n = 10). The participants completed Yo-Yo IE2 tests on three separate occasions with assessment of performance, heart rate, running speed, accelerations, decelerations and body load using GPS instrumentation. The intra-class correlation coefficient index, confidence intervals and coefficients of variation were calculated to assess the reliability of the test. Intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest trials in the total sample ranged from large to nearly perfect (total distance: 0.896; mean speed: 0.535; maximum speed: 0.715; mean HR: 0.876; maximum HR: 0.866; body load: 0.865). The coefficients of variation for distance, mean speed, HR response, as well as acceleration and deceleration scores for test-retest trials ranged from 1.2 to 12.5% with no differences observed among particular sport disciplines. The CV for shuttles performed ranged from 4.4 to 5.5% in all sports. Similar results were obtained for the three different categories of players tested. These results suggest that the Yo-Yo IE2 test appears to be a reliable alternative for evaluating the ability to perform intermittent high-intensity running in different outdoor and indoor team sports. Players may need one or two familiarization tests to ensure valid assessment of intermittent endurance capacity. It appears that the Yo-Yo IE2 test incorporates accelerations and decelerations in a consistent and reproducible fashion.
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| 33. |
- Poulios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Protein-Based Supplementation to Enhance Recovery in Team Sports: What is the Evidence?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. - 1303-2968. ; 18:3, s. 523-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein supplementation is a major nutritional practice among professional and amateur team-sport athletes representing a market of $5 billion in the USA alone. This practice, however, may not be supported by evidence-based science. Our objective as to present a thorough review of literature investigating the effects of protein supplementation on performance recovery and exercise-induced muscle damage following team-sport activity. PubMed-derived, full English language articles investigating the effects of protein-based supplementation/feeding on skeletal muscle performance, muscle damage and inflammatory status during recovery following team-sport activity were included. Studies investigated professional or amateur team-sport athletes participating in regular training and competition as well as examining the impact of protein supplementation on performance, muscle damage/soreness and inflammatory markers after team-sport activity. Finally, ten articles (150 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Experimental designs were evaluated for confounders. All protocols employing team-sport activity increased systemic muscle damage indicators and inflammatory markers and deteriorated performance during recovery. Protein-based supplementation attenuated the rise in muscle damage markers and enhanced performance recovery in six (60% of the studies included) and three (30% of the studies included) out of 10 studies, respectively. In contrast, immunity and muscle soreness remained unaffected by protein ingestion, independent of dosage and distribution pattern. In conclusion, there are limited and inconsistent data showing that protein supplementation may enhance performance recovery following team-sport activity despite an attenuation of indirect markers of muscle damage. Interpretation of results is limited by small sample sizes, high variability in tested supplements, participants' training level, length of recovery periods, absence of direct measurement of myofibrillar disruption, protein turnover and protein metabolism, and lack of dietary monitoring during experimentation.
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| 34. |
- Spelat, R., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic reprogramming and membrane glycan remodeling as potential drivers of zebrafish heart regeneration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of the zebrafish heart to regenerate following injury makes it a valuable model to deduce why this capability in mammals is limited to early neonatal stages. Although metabolic reprogramming and glycosylation remodeling have emerged as key aspects in many biological processes, how they may trigger a cardiac regenerative response in zebrafish is still a crucial question. Here, by using an up-to-date panel of transcriptomic, proteomic and glycomic approaches, we identify a metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis associated with membrane glycosylation remodeling during heart regeneration. Importantly, we establish the N- and O-linked glycan structural repertoire of the regenerating zebrafish heart, and link alterations in both sialylation and high mannose structures across the phases of regeneration. Our results show that metabolic reprogramming and glycan structural remodeling are potential drivers of tissue regeneration after cardiac injury, providing the biological rationale to develop novel therapeutics to elicit heart regeneration in mammals.
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