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| 2. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 6. |
- Frank, DN, et al.
(författare)
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Otitis media susceptibility and shifts in the head and neck microbiome due to SPINK5 variants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of medical genetics. - : BMJ. - 1468-6244 .- 0022-2593. ; 58:7, s. 442-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Otitis media (OM) susceptibility has significant heritability; however, the role of rare variants in OM is mostly unknown. Our goal is to identify novel rare variants that confer OM susceptibility.MethodsWe performed exome and Sanger sequencing of >1000 DNA samples from 551 multiethnic families with OM and unrelated individuals, RNA-sequencing and microbiome sequencing and analyses of swabs from the outer ear, middle ear, nasopharynx and oral cavity. We also examined protein localisation and gene expression in infected and healthy middle ear tissues.ResultsA large, intermarried pedigree that includes 81 OM-affected and 53 unaffected individuals cosegregates two known rare A2ML1 variants, a common FUT2 variant and a rare, novel pathogenic variant c.1682A>G (p.Glu561Gly) within SPINK5 (LOD=4.09). Carriage of the SPINK5 missense variant resulted in increased relative abundance of Microbacteriaceae in the middle ear, along with occurrence of Microbacteriaceae in the outer ear and oral cavity but not the nasopharynx. Eight additional novel SPINK5 variants were identified in 12 families and individuals with OM. A role for SPINK5 in OM susceptibility is further supported by lower RNA counts in variant carriers, strong SPINK5 localisation in outer ear skin, faint localisation to middle ear mucosa and eardrum and increased SPINK5 expression in human cholesteatoma.ConclusionSPINK5 variants confer susceptibility to non-syndromic OM. These variants potentially contribute to middle ear pathology through breakdown of mucosal and epithelial barriers, immunodeficiency such as poor vaccination response, alteration of head and neck microbiota and facilitation of entry of opportunistic pathogens into the middle ear.
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| 7. |
- Vernhardsdottir, R.R., et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic treatment for dry eye disease related to meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis – A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ocular Surface. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 1542-0124. ; 26, s. 211-221
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most prevalent ophthalmic conditions but is often underdiagnosed and mistreated. Antibiotics are regularly used to treat DED caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) or blepharitis, but their use has been questioned. Objective: To critically evaluate the use of oral and topical antibiotics in DED management. Methods: A literature search was conducted on November 15th, 2021, in the PubMed database. The search terms were: (antibiotics OR azithromycin OR doxycycline OR minocycline) AND (dry eye disease OR meibomian gland OR blepharitis anterior OR blepharitis posterior OR chronic blepharitis). All relevant original articles with English full-text were included. Case reports and review articles were excluded. Results: The search provided 619 articles, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. Oral and topical antibiotics appeared to have short-term positive effects on signs and symptoms of blepharitis- or MGD-related DED. However, these improvements often reverted upon cessation of treatment. The need for repeated treatments and mild adverse events were common. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that patients with blepharitis- or MGD-related DED experience short-term benefits of antibiotics. However, evidence for lasting improvement after completed treatment was lacking. Given the unclear long-term benefits, common side effects, and increasing antibiotic resistance seen globally, the existing literature is not sufficient to conclude that antibiotics are useful in long-term MGD management. A survival-analysis of a single round of antibiotics, in addition to the effects of repeated rounds of treatment, on DED parameters could provide useful insights. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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| 8. |
- Dheman, K., et al.
(författare)
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ImpediSense:A long lasting wireless wearable bio-impedance sensor node
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Computing. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2210-5379 .- 2210-5387. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bio-impedance is a method to assess the body composition safely, non-invasively and inexpensively. This method finds application for assessing body fluid and body composition for multiple disease scenarios in clinical environments and for at-home monitoring of chronic ailments. Bio-impedance sensors require higher power than most other bio-signal acquisition systems due to need of high frequency current and voltage management. Currently used bio-impedance devices are bulky due to incorporation of large batteries and cannot be used for long term monitoring, especially for wearable applications. This limits the widespread implementation of bio-impedance measurement devices. We present the design and implementation of a wireless wearable bio-impedance sensor node, ImpediSense, which has a low power system design that achieves long duration operability without compromising on sensor measurement accuracy and precision. Experimental evaluation show a battery life of several months for measuring bio-impedance with power duty cycling every 1 min over ten frequencies in the range of 10 kHz–100 kHz, using a small form factor 250 mA h Li-ion battery. The lifetime is achieved due to several power optimization implemented in system design of hardware and firmware resulting in active power of 53 mW and idle power of 15.7 μW. Additionally, the presented sensor node shows high performance in terms of accuracy of impedance measurement with an error less than 1.5 % and precision of 0.6 Ω when measuring tetrapolar bio-impedance of the human body. With the inclusion of a small sized battery, ImpediSense has a compact form factor with dimensions 3 cm × 1.8 cm × 0.6 cm, making it more conducive for incorporation in wearable systems. © 2021
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| 9. |
- Dheman, K., et al.
(författare)
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Wireless, Artefact Aware Impedance Sensor Node for Continuous Bio-Impedance Monitoring
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1932-4545 .- 1940-9990. ; 14:5, s. 1122-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body bio-impedance is a unique parameter to monitor changes in body composition non-invasively. Continuous measurement of bio-impedance can track changes in body fluid content and cell mass and has widespread applications for physiological monitoring. State-of-the-art implementation of bio-impedance sensor devices is still limited for continuous use, in part, due to artefacts arising at the skin-electrode (SE) interface. Artefacts at the SE interface may arise due to various factors such as motion, applied pressure on the electrode surface, changes in ambient conditions or gradual drying of electrodes. This paper presents a novel bio-impedance sensor node that includes an artefact aware method for bio-impedance measurement. The sensor node enables autonomous and continuous measurement of bio-impedance and SE contact impedance at ten frequencies between 10 kHz to 100 kHz to detect artefacts at the SE interface. Experimental evaluation with SE contact impedance models using passive 2R1C electronic circuits and also with non-invasive in vivo measurements of SE contact impedance demonstrated high accuracy (with maximum error less than 1.5%) and precision of 0.6 ω. The ability to detect artefacts caused by motion, vertically applied pressure and skin temperature changes was analysed in proof of concept experiments. Low power sensor node design achieved with 50mW in active mode and only 143 μW in sleep mode estimated a battery life of 90 days with a 250 mAh battery and duty-cycling impedance measurements every 60 seconds. Our method for artefact aware bio-impedance sensing is a step towards autonomous and unobtrusive continuous bio-impedance measurement for health monitoring at-home or in clinical environments. © 2007-2012 IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Farjalla, V F, et al.
(författare)
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Photochemical reactivity of aquatic macrophyte leachates: abiotic transformations and bacterial response
- 2001
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Ingår i: Aquatic Microbial Ecology. - 0948-3055. ; 24:2, s. 187-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the influence of UV radiation exposure time on abiotic transformations of leachates from 2 aquatic macrophytes: Phragmites australis and Hydrocaris morsus-ranae. In addition, we studied the influence of phototransformations of DOM on bacterial growth. Sterile filtered leachates were exposed to UV radiation for 5, 10, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h or kept in the dark. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), hydrogen peroxide and low molecular weight carboxylic acids (oxalic, formic, malonic and acetic acids) were measured. After UV or dark treatment, the leachates were inoculated with bacteria and incubated in the dark. Based on the observed DIC and hydrogen per oxide formation rates, we concluded that phototransformations are initially more rapid in H. morsus-ranae DOM than in P. australis DOM. On the other hand, production of DIC after more than 48 h of UV exposure was strongly reduced for H. morsus-ranae DOM, whereas DIC production was only slightly reduced for P. australis DOM. The differences in the photoreactivity between DOM from P. australis and H. morsus-ranae DOM were also reflected in the bacterial growth response to DOM phototransformations. The lowest bacterial growth efficiencies (BGE) were found in the irradiated leachate of P, australis exposed for more than 48 h and in the irradiated leachate of H, morsus-ranae exposed for 10 h, which coincided with the highest concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for both types of leachates.
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| 11. |
- Flueratoru, L., et al.
(författare)
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On the energy consumption and ranging accuracy of ultra-wideband physical interfaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728182988
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is attracting increased interest for its high-accuracy distance measurements. However, the typical current consumption of tens to hundreds of mA during transmission and reception might make the technology prohibitive to battery-powered devices in the Internet of Things. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard specifies two UWB physical layer interfaces (PHYs), with low- and high-rate pulse repetition (LRP and HRP, respectively). While the LRP PHY allows a more energy-efficient implementation of the UWB transceiver than its HRP counterpart, the question is whether some ranging quality is lost in exchange. We evaluate the trade-off between power and energy consumption, on the one hand, and distance measurement accuracy and precision, on the other hand, using UWB devices developed by Decawave (HRP) and 3db Access (LRP). We find that the distance measurement errors of 3db Access devices have at most 12 cm higher bias and standard deviation in line-of-sight propagation and 2-3 times higher spread in non-line-of-sight scenarios than those of Decawave devices. However, 3db Access chips consume 10 times less power and 125 times less energy per distance measurement than Decawave ones. Since the LRP PHY has an ultra-low energy consumption, it should be preferred over the HRP PHY when energy efficiency is critical, with a small penalty in the ranging performance. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 14. |
- Magno, Morten Schjerven, et al.
(författare)
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Chambered warm moist air eyelid warming devices - a review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 100:5, s. 499-510
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Eyelid warming is an important treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Specialized chambered devices, using warm moist air have been developed. Purpose To critically evaluate the literature on the safety and efficacy of chambered warm moist air devices in MGD treatment and pinpoint areas of future research. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched on 06 June 2021. The search term was (warm OR heat OR steam OR goggle OR spectacle OR moist air) AND (meibomian OR MGD OR blepharitis OR eyelid OR dry eye OR DED). All relevant articles with available English full text were included. Results Eighteen articles assessing the application of chambered warm moist air eyelid warming devices were identified. In single-application studies, steam-based eyelid warming increased the eyelid temperature and improved symptoms, lipid layer thickness, and tear film breakup time (TBUT). In treatment studies, the steam-based devices improved TBUT and symptom scores. However, in the only randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing chambered steam-based heat to hot towel treatment, there was no difference between groups for the primary outcome measure; the proportion of subjects noting symptom improvement after 4 weeks. Conclusion Currently available chambered warm moist air eyelid warming devices are safe and effective at raising eyelid temperature to therapeutic levels and improving signs and symptoms of dry eye. However, it is not clear if they provide a greater benefit than other eyelid warming therapies. Further well-conducted RCTs comparing moist and dry heat devices should be conducted on patients across the range of DED severities and subtype spectrum.
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| 15. |
- Magno, Morten Schjerven, et al.
(författare)
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Hot towels: The bedrock of Meibomian gland dysfunction treatment-A review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Contact lens & anterior eye. - : ELSEVIER. - 1367-0484 .- 1476-5411. ; 46:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) reduces quality-of-life and hinders work productivity of millions of patients, with high direct and indirect societal costs. Thickened meibum obstructs the glands and disrupts ocular surface health. Heating the eyelids to soften and express meibum from the glands can be beneficial. The most accessible method for eyelid warming uses heated, wet towels. However, the efficacy of this treatment is reliant on the methodology, and evidence-based best-practice recommendations are needed. Purpose: To evaluate the literature on hot towels in MGD treatment and recommend a best-practice protocol for future research and patient treatment.Methods: Studies were identified through PubMed on the May 28, 2021, with the search terms: (warm* OR heat* OR thermal* OR towel OR wet towel) AND (meibomian OR MGD OR eyelid OR "dry eye" OR DED). All relevant original articles with English full-text were included.Results: The search yielded 903 results, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, hot towels were found to be effective at reducing ocular symptoms. However, without reheating, the temperature quickly fell below the therapeutic range, which was deemed to be between 40 degrees C and 47 degrees C. Towels heated to around 45 degrees C and reheated every-two minutes were most effective at increasing eyelid temperature, comparable or better than several commercially available eyelid warming devices. No adverse effects were reported in the studies. Conclusion: Hot towel treatment effectively warms the eyelids and reduces ocular symptoms, but must be standardized, and towels reheated to achieve maximum benefit. Future research should assess patient satisfaction with different hot towel treatment methods that reheat or replace the towel at least every-two minutes, to establish which methods yield the greatest compliance. Guidelines or clinical recommendations that do not mention the need for regular reheating during hot towel compress treatment should be updated to include this.
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| 16. |
- Murillo, Jimmy Rodriguez, et al.
(författare)
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Mass spectrometry evaluation of a neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell culture protocol
- 2018
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697. ; 559, s. 51-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell line-based proteomics studies are susceptible to intrinsic biological variation that contributes to increasing false positive claims; most of the methods that follow these changes offer a limited understanding of the biological system. We applied a quantitative proteomic strategy (iTRAQ) to detect intrinsic protein variation across SH-SY5Y cell culture replicates. More than 95% of the quantified proteins presented a coefficient of variation (CV) < 20% between biological replicates and the variable proteins, which included cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic and housekeeping proteins, are widely reported in proteomic studies. We recommend this approach as an additional quality control before starting any proteomic experiment.
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| 17. |
- Murillo, Jimmy Rodriguez, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies proteins and pathways related to neuronal development in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: EuPA Open Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-9685. ; 16, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are susceptible to differentiation using retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), providing a model of neuronal differentiation. We compared SH-SY5Y cells proteome before and after RA/BDNF treatment using iTRAQ and phosphopeptide enrichment strategies. We identified 5587 proteins, 366 of them with differential abundance. Differentiated cells expressed proteins related to neuronal development, and, undifferentiated cells expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation. Interactive network covered focal adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases processes and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-related signaling pathways; key proteins involved in those processes might be explored as markers for neuronal differentiation.
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| 19. |
- Reichmuth, M., et al.
(författare)
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A Non-invasive Wearable Bioimpedance System to Wirelessly Monitor Bladder Filling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9783981926347 ; , s. 338-341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring of renal function can be crucial for patients in acute care settings. Commonly during postsurgical surveillance, urinary catheters are employed to assess the urine output accurately. However, as with any external device inserted into the body, the use of these catheters carries a significant risk of infection. In this paper, we present a non-invasive method to measure the fill rate of the bladder, and thus rate of renal clearance, via an external bioimpedance sensor system to avoid the use of urinary catheters, thereby eliminating the risk of infections and improving patient comfort. We design and propose a 4-electrode front-end and the whole wearable and wireless system with low power and accuracy in mind. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the sensors and low power consumption of only 80μW with a duty cycling of 1 acquisition every 5 minutes, which makes this battery-operated wearable device a long-term monitor system. © 2020 EDAA.
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