| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hagen, Gaute, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional rotational angiography of transplanted renal arteries : influence of an extended angle of rotation on beam-hardening artifacts
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 46:2, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To investigate whether three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) of the transplant renal artery performed with an extended angle of rotation can reduce beam-hardening artifacts in 3D reconstructed images without image quality being lost or side effects to the transplanted kidney being increased.MATERIAL AND METHODS:3D-RA with a C-arm rotation of 180 degrees was performed consecutively in 12 renal transplanted patients with suspicion of renal artery stenosis. A 1.7-mm balloon occlusion catheter was placed using the crossover technique and this was compared to a protocol with 160 degrees rotation and a traditional 1.4-mm catheter in 10 patients. The occurrence of beam-hardening artifacts was registered and the effects of the reduced contrast load on image quality and of arterial occlusion on renal function were assessed.RESULTS:The extended angle of rotation, from 160 degrees to 180 degrees, reduced the beam-hardening artifacts. Artifacts were observed in 4/11 patients (36%) in the study group and in all 10 (100%) of the controls. There was no statistical difference regarding image quality between the two protocols. Renal function was equally affected in both protocols.CONCLUSION:3D-RA with an extended C-arm rotation reduced the beam-hardening artifacts. Image quality was not reduced despite the reduced contrast medium load. The different protocols had no effect on patient outcome.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahnfelt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of iodine quantification using dual-energy computed tomography with focus on low concentrations.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 63:5, s. 623-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Iodine quantification using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is helpful in characterizing, and follow-up after treatment of tumors. Some malignant masses, for instance papillary renal cell carcinomas (p-RCC), are hard to differentiate from benign lesions because of very low contrast enhancement. In these cases, iodine concentrations might be very low, and it is therefore important that iodine quantification is reliable even at low concentrations if this technique is used.PURPOSE: To examine the accuracy of iodine quantification and to determine whether it is also accurate for low iodine concentrations.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six syringes with different iodine concentrations (0-30 mg I/mL) were scanned in a phantom model using a DECT scanner with two different kilovoltage and image reconstruction settings. Iodine concentrations were measured and compared to known concentration. Absolute and relative errors were calculated.RESULTS: For concentrations of 1 mg I/mL or higher, there was an excellent correlation between true and measured iodine concentrations for all settings (R = 0.999-1.000; P < 0.001). For concentrations <1.0 mg I/mL, the relative error was greater. Absolute and relative errors were smaller using tube voltages of 80/Sn140 kV than 100/Sn140 kV (P < 0.01). Reconstructions using a 3.0-mm slice thickness had less variance between repeated acquisitions versus 0.6 mm (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Iodine quantification using DECT was in general very accurate, but for concentrations < 1.0 mg I/mL the technique was less reliable. Using a tube voltage with larger spectral separation was more accurate and the result was more reproducible using thicker image reconstructions.
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| 6. |
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Arbete pågår : - i tankens mönster och kroppens miljöer
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work is always in progress, somewhere, in some form. In a historical perspective the view of work has changed, as have the contexts where work takes place. Still there are strongly rooted images of what work is – in the patterns of thought and material conditions.This book embarks from the idea that work is something both immaterial and material. It discusses work as a conception and cultural norm, but also as something very tangible and concrete.Researchers from an array of scientific fields have gathered together around these questions. The idea has been to twist and turn the conceptions of what work is and – embarking from one’s own discipline – to contribute new perspectives to this topic.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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The What, Who, When, Where, and How of Idea Assessment.
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In contemporary innovation management literature there is limitedcomprehensive understanding regarding how different domains andfactors affect and bias early assessment of new product/service ideas.This paper aims at reviewing domains that previous research hasidentified affecting the evaluation of an idea and compiles them into aconceptual framework, and to test this framework among leading expertsand practitioners in the field of idea management. Empirical findings fromtwo workshops indicate that the identified domains in the framework areindeed relevant, but that additional aspect are highlighted and recognized by practitioners. We note that a proactive and deliberate approach to idea assessment needs to be carefully designed, attending to all factors in the presented framework in a comprehensive manner, while taking the organization's specific innovation needs and demands into account.
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| 10. |
- Dahlman, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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How Much Dose Can Be Saved in Three-Phase CT Urography? A Combination of Normal-Dose Corticomedullary Phase With Low-Dose Unenhanced and Excretory Phases
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Roentgenology. - 0361-803X .- 1546-3141. ; 199:4, s. 852-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which the total radiation dose for CT urography can be lowered by selective reduction of the dose in the unenhanced and excretory phases when images in these phases are systematically evaluated alongside normal-dose corticomedullary phase images.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Twenty-seven patients (mean age, 74 ± 9 years) underwent single-bolus CT urography with acquisition in the unenhanced, corticomedullary, and 5-minute excretory phases. The scanning parameters for normal-dose CT urography were as follows: 16 × 0.75 mm, 120 kV, and automatic exposure control technique reference tube loads of 100, 120, and 100 effective mAs (mAseff). The patients also underwent low-dose unenhanced and excretory phase scanning, in which the dose was escalated stepwise from a volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of 1.7 to 6.6 mGy (reference 20-40-60-80 mAseff). Images were analyzed for quality and diagnostic confidence. If low-dose scans of three patients were inadequate, the study continued to the next dose level. When 20 patients were successfully included in the unenhanced and excretory phase groups, the study ended. Doses were calculated with a CT patient dosimetry calculator.RESULTS:Combined with the normal dose for corticomedullary phase scanning, doses of CTDIvol 1.5 mGy for the unenhanced phase and CTDIvol 2.7 mGy for the excretory phase were sufficient. The effective dose for three-phase CT urography was lowered from 16.2 to 9.4 mSv, a decrease of 42%. Diagnostic confidence in low-dose images was equal to that in normal-dose images when low-dose unenhanced and excretory phase images were read along-side normal-dose corticomedullary phase images.CONCLUSION:With a three-phase CT urographic protocol, significant dose reductions in the unenhanced and excretory phases can be achieved when these phases are combined with a normal-dose corticomedullary phase.
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| 11. |
- Eklund, Magnus, 1976-
(författare)
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Adoption of the Innovation System Concept in Sweden
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2001 Sweden founded the government agency of VINNOVA, named after the OECD-endorsed innovation system concept. Criticising the common assumption that countries are passive and uncritical recipients of the approaches promoted by the OECD, this dissertation tries to show that Swedish actors were in fact very active and strategic as they contributed to the national adoption of the concept. With inspiration from conceptual history and Quentin Skinner’s analysis of the rhetorical use of concepts, this study focuses on the research funding reform process between 1995 and 2001, investigating how actors trying to defend the contested institution of sectoral research used the innovation system concept to rhetorically legitimise their project. To compare these uses with earlier ways of discussing innovation in Sweden, the innovation debate that arose in relation to the industrial crises of the 1970s and 1990s has also been studied. It was found that the early Swedish innovation debate had paid little attention to the university sector. When Research 2000 in 1998 proposed that researcher-dominated research councils should be given control over sectoral research funding, a coalition in favour of industrially relevant research mobilised to protect its influence over research funding. The concept was now appropriated and used to rhetorically reframe the universities as part of a system with the main function of promoting innovations. By using the concept it was also possible to draw on the legitimacy offered by the OECD and science.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hagen, Gaute, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of arterial stenosis in renal transplant patients
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:3, s. 270-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ensuring graft survival in renal transplant patients is of paramount importance. Early detection and treatment of complications such as transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) are essential. PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical and clinical success rate of renal transplant patients with stenosis in the transplant renal artery or in the iliac artery after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: PTA was carried out on 24 patients with TRAS or iliac artery stenosis. Altogether, 28 stenoses were treated with PTA. The immediate technical result and the clinical outcomes after 1 and 3 months were assessed as well as clinical adverse events. A reduction in serum creatinine and/or a reduction in the number of antihypertensive drugs were criteria for clinical success. RESULTS: The immediate technical success rate after PTA was 93%. The clinical success rate after 1 month was 58%, increasing to 75% after 3 months. CONCLUSION: The technical success rate is not equivalent to the clinical success rate when treating TRAS with PTA. Furthermore, there is a delay in clinical response, sometimes of 3 months, after a technically successful PTA.
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| 14. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast enhancement in bladder tumors examined with CT urography using traditional scan phases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 55:9, s. 1129-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Bladder assessment in an early contrast-enhancing computed tomography urography (CTU) phase requires that bladder tumors be enhanced using contrast material.PURPOSE:To investigate the enhancement pattern in bladder tumors using a CTU protocol where the scan is enhancement triggered.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Fifty patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were examined during the unenhanced (UP), corticomedullary (CMP), and excretory phases (EP). Twenty-one patients, all aged 50 years or older, were also examined during the nephrographic phase (NP). A ROI placed in the aorta was used to start the scan during the CMP when the attenuation reached 200 Hounsfield units (HU). The NP and EP were started with a 40 s and 300 s delay, respectively, after the CMP was finished. Attenuation and size measurements were made in the axial plane.RESULTS:Mean contrast enhancement of bladder tumors was 37, 25, and 17 HU in the CMP, NP, and EP, respectively. The differences in contrast enhancement were significant across all three phases. Eighty-eight percent of patients showed the highest contrast enhancement in the CMP. In 96% of the cases, contrast enhancement >20 HU was seen. The mean value of the shortest dimension of the bladder tumors was 22 ± 12 mm.CONCLUSION:The contrast enhancement is significantly higher in the CMP than in the NP and EP, suggesting that the CMP is preferable when assessing the bladder in the early contrast enhancing phase.
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| 15. |
- Ljungberg, Adina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of quality of urinary bladder filling in CT urography with different doses of furosemide in the work-up of patients with macroscopic hematuria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 27:1, s. 136-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The protocol for preparation of computed tomography urography (CTU) examinations at our hospital was changed in 2013 to improve the quality of urinary bladder filling in the excretory phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of urinary bladder filling on CTU after different doses of furosemide were administered to patients with macroscopic hematuria.METHODS: The cohort was 215 patients who underwent elective CTU due to macroscopic hematuria between 2014 and 2018. 5 mg furosemide were administrated to 100 patients, 2.5 mg to 100 patients and 0 mg to 15 patients. Contrast medium layered bladders were excluded, leaving 193 patients: 92, 89 and 12 in each group. Urinary bladder volume was calculated in corticomedullary (CMP) and excretory phase (EP). Bladder distension was classified as satisfactory or not. Attenuation of bladder content in EP was noted.RESULTS: Average volume in EP was 370 ± 224 ml (28-1052) after 5 mg furosemide, 274 ± 120 ml (43-628) after 2.5 mg and 180 ± 104 ml (53-351) after 0 mg. 85% of the bladders were satisfactory distended after 5 mg, 80% after 2.5 mg and 58% after 0 mg. Average attenuation was 266 ± 89 HU (103-524) after 5 mg, 362 ± 156 HU (118-948) after 2.5 mg and 761 ± 331 HU (347-1206) after 0 mg. The differences in volume and attenuation were significant.CONCLUSION: 5 mg furosemide is preferred rather than 2.5 mg in preparation for CTU examinations of patients with macroscopic hematuria. There was no difference between the doses concerning rate of satisfactory bladder distension, but the higher dose resulted in larger bladder volume and more suitable attenuation of bladder content.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Development of CTU-image quality could improve bladder cancer diagnostics.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Magnusson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Degenerative changes of the temporomandibular joint. Relationship to ethnicity, sex and occlusal supporting zones based on a skull material
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 70:3, s. 207-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The first aim of this study was to examine a contemporary human skull material for possible ethnic differences in respect of degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). A second aim was to see if there was any correlation between such changes and occlusal support in any of the two groups and, if so, if this correlation was sex-related. Materials and methods: The material consisted of 129 Caucasian skulls and 76 skulls from Afro-Americans. Ninety-four of the Caucasian skulls came from males (73%) and the corresponding figure for the Afro-Americans was 40 (53%). Their mean age at death was 46 years (range: 19–89 years) and 37 years (range: 18–70 years), respectively. Results. Dental status was in general poor and 13% of the Afro-Americans and 26% of the Caucasians were edentulous. Form and surface changes of the TMJs were more common in the present material compared to most previous studies. No differences could be found between the two ethnic groups in respect of degenerative joint changes in the TMJs. In men, no correlation of clinical relevance could be found between severity of joint changes and occlusal support. However, in both Caucasian and Afro-American women, such a correlation was obvious, especially in higher age. Conclusions. The present findings give no evidence for any differences in the prevalence of degenerative changes in the TMJs in Caucasians and Afro-Americans. The strong correlation found between such changes and occlusal support in women but not in men might be explained by hormonal differences.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Magnusson, Mats O., 1975-
(författare)
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Pharmacodynamics of Enzyme Induction and its Consequences for Substrate Elimination
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enzyme induction is a process whereby a molecule enhances the expression of enzymes. If the affected enzymes are involved in the elimination of a drug, this may result in a drug interaction. Induction is therefore of major concern during drug development and in clinical practice. The induction process depends on the half-life of the induced enzyme, the pharmacokinetics of the inducing agent, and the relationship between the inducer’s concentration and the induction stimulus. The aim of the conducted research was to investigate these key aspects of enzyme induction and the consequences that induction has for substrate elimination.Successful investigations of the induction process presuppose the existence of appropriate methods for the estimation of the metabolic activity. Enzyme activity measurements can be conducted in tissues with low enzyme content using the analytical method presented here. A model was developed describing the changes in the pharmacokinetics of clomethiazole and its metabolite NLA-715, that are attributable to carbamazepine induction. The consequences of the induction was explained using a mechanistic approach, acknowledging food-induced changes in the blood flow to the liver, and interpreting in vitro generated metabolic information.The time course of the induction process was examined in two investigations. In the first of these, the pharmacokinetics of the autoinducing drug phenobarbital and its effect on several enzymes were described in rats. This was accomplished by integrating the bidirectional interaction between drug and enzymes in a mechanistic manner. In the final investigation, the time course of the increase and cessation in enzyme activity was studied in healthy volunteers treated with carbamazepine. This investigation allowed the half-lives of CYP3A and CYP1A2 to be estimated. The key aspects of the enzyme induction process have been examined using mechanistic induction models. These novel models improve the understanding of the induction process and its consequences for substrate elimination.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Radecka, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Survival time and period of catheterisation in patients treated with percutaneous nephrostomy for urinary obstruction due to malignancy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 47:3, s. 328-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To assess patient mortality and survival time, period of catheterization, and indications for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) withdrawal in patients treated with PCN for urinary obstruction due to malignancy.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 151 patients treated with 257 PCNs in a 5-year period was performed. Data on survival time, duration of catheterization, and clinical end-points for PCN treatment were collected.RESULTS:The median survival time of the patients was 255 days, while median catheterization time was 62 days. The majority of patients (84) died with the catheter. Indications for PCN withdrawal were surgery, stent treatment, catheter displacement, and response to medical treatment.CONCLUSION:The majority of patients with malignancy treated with PCN have advanced disease and short life expectancy. Factors such as diagnosis, prognosis, economy, and the patient's preference influence the choice of urinary diversion method. However, PCN should be considered in patients with malignancy on grounds of safety and low cost.
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| 23. |
- Sushandoyo, Dedy
(författare)
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Managing discontinuous changes in complex products : Cases involving the development and market introduction of heavy hybrid-electric buses
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study about managing the development of discontinuous changes in complex products characterised by integration of a significant amount of new technologies and firms’ existing technologies and market introduction of such products. In particular, this study analyses how firms’ technology selections influence the conditions for the firms to manage such development and market introduction. Empirically, the purpose is to investigate how leading firms in the heavy vehicle industry struggle in managing the challenges related to the development and market introduction of heavy hybrid-electric buses. This thesis involves a study of two sets of comparative, longitudinal, real-time cases. The first set is used for analysing the development of heavy hybrid-electric buses at Scania and Volvo. The second set is used for analysing the market introduction of Volvo’s and BAE Systems’ heavy hybrid-electric buses.The findings of this study demonstrate the importance for firms to closely manage several aspects of the development of discontinuous changes in complex products and market introduction of such complex products. This study shows the criticality and the implications of firms’ technology selections particularly related to where in the product structure the technological changes occur (loci of technological change), types of technological change, types of product architecture, and degrees of technology and application novelties. It is in this study demonstrated that firms’ technology selections influence the conditions for the firms to manage such development, in particular regarding to in-house knowledge development, supplier collaboration and types of NPD organisations. It is also shown that firms’ technology selections affect the firms’ possibilities to offer various performance attributes to the market. Furthermore, this study shows that firms’ technology selections influence the firms’ market strategies when introducing such complex products to the markets.Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on discontinuous innovations. The contributions are on managing the development of typical discontinuous innovations that involve integration of a significant amount of new technologies and firms’ existing technologies, and managing market introduction of such innovations. This thesis integrates streams of literatures related to both development and market introduction of discontinuous innovations, which in previous studies are seldom treated together and linked. It provides an integrated knowledge based framework to help us understand how firms manage the development and market introduction of such typical discontinuus innovations. It also provides empirical evidence along the areas related to the theoretical contribution. In particular, it provides contribution concerning such development and market introduction in the heavy vehicle industry. Research in the field of the management of innovation related to the heavy vehicle industry is less observed.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Agarwal, Girish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Edge AI Driven Technology Advancements Paving Way towards New Capabilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM). - : World Scientific. - 0219-8770.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As industries hold the opportunity to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) driven innovation, their success to a significant extent will depend on the value the new technology generates for different business stakeholder groups. This is in turn dependent upon how management can embrace these techniques and change as companies will frequently need to transform both internal processes and offerings to customers in order to reap the benefits of AI. AI is a growing research area currently concentrated around technology and modeling of techniques and yet only few examples and limited research are available, on how AI technology enables new capabilities that can impact the value delivered as well as radically transform it. We thus need to understand what new capabilities these technologies bring about and how they are used. Based on three concrete empirical quasi-experiments, interviews conducted with start-ups and a Swedish industrial manufacturing firm dealing with outdoor power products (like grass-cutters, chain-saws, concrete-saws, etc.) for professional and consumer use and using an analytical framework derived from the Resource Based View, this paper explores capabilities enabled through Edge AI and the competitive advantage these may offer. Specific capabilities (self-calibration, enhanced-sensing, selective-capture and reputation) are identified and implications for theory are discussed, pointing out the importance to consider this type of technology not only as a resource, but rather as a dynamic capability in itself.
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| 27. |
- Agarwal, Girish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Value Changes during Service Delivery
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most industries are shifting from product-orientedbusiness models towards services to step up the value chain andengage in long-term relationships with their customersthroughout the service lifecycle. Digital technologies arecontributing to servitization in many ways by creating andenabling capabilities like connectivity, IoT, data generation andassessment, etc., for new value generation, distribution, andcapture. Because value is subjective, dynamic, and changes duringthe service lifecycle, service providers need to examine closely thevalue perceptions of customers to constantly provide better valueand remain relevant with the competition. Through a consumersurvey and a longitudinal study of thirteen customers, this paperuses qualitative and quantitative assessment to identify the valuedimensions that play a major role for customers being onboardedon a digital enabled service, and also highlights how customervalue dimensions change over the course of the service lifecycle.One important finding is that change in customer value perceptiondoes not follow a pattern and is highly individual and personal.This opens a discussion regarding the need for hyperpersonalizationin successful servitization, and the role of digitaltechnologies towards the same.
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| 28. |
- Agarwal, Girish, 1981-
(författare)
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Revising Business Model Innovation: Towards a value process framework for AI-based Offerings
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advances over the last few decades in digital technologies in general and artificial intelligence (AI) technology in particular have transformed many industries. There are many successful AI use cases in industry. However, the adoption rate of AI technology by incumbent traditional industrial manufacturing firms in their offerings remains far too low compared with the big claims made about the contribution of AI to the world economy. Incumbents’ current view of AI as merely a technology resource with which to increase automation and efficiency is far too narrow and needs to be changed. Instead, AI can be a dynamic capability giving competitive advantage to incumbents if they explore AI’s value implications in their business models (BMs). Furthermore, current value discussions both generally and within BMs are too individualistic, transactional, and operational and lack the process orientation required for a more comprehensive understanding of the value potential of AI, leading to business model innovation (BMI) for incumbents.With the overall ambition to support AI incorporation into incumbents’ offerings, this thesis proposes a process-based value framework for AI-driven BMs. For this purpose, this thesis research has produced five studies, including various methods, to understand the value processes within BMs in light of digitalization. Owing to the complex nature of the phenomenon under study, the methods used in the studies include quasi-experiments, case studies, semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, card sorting, longitudinal research, quantitative survey analysis, literature review, and literature mapping as required and relevant for the different studies.The studies highlight that digital and AI technologies could potentially create new values (e.g., self-learning and intelligent offerings) for different stakeholders, provide new mechanisms for value delivery through digital servitization, and enable previously impossible value-capture techniques such as value-based dynamic pricing within BMs. It can be observed that value in digital BMI is constantly changing and hence needs to be focused on explicitly within BMs and introduced as a value-identification process. Furthermore, AI entails new value process relationships in which value creation and delivery are much more integrated, dynamic, and personalized per customer, highlighting the required emphasis on hyper-personalization.This thesis analyzes the challenges and opportunities AI has provided within BMI in order to propose a modified value process framework for AI-enabled BMs, including value identification, value manifestation, and value capture, compared with the commonly proposed BM value processes of value creation, value delivery, and value capture. The proposed view consolidates value processes, including the individual, relational, and transactional values required by AI-based BMs, rather than just the transactional view of value covered through standard BM value processes, a view that highlights only the operational aspect of value within BMs.Furthermore, this thesis discusses how the current approach to AI within BMI is more from a resource perspective and therefore cannot realize the full potential of AI technology. The thesis elaborates on how incumbents can utilize AI technology within BMI to create a competitive advantage by concentrating on the process view of value through the proposed new framework for handling highlighted opportunities and challenges. The new role of ecosystem stakeholders as innovation partners within BMI utilizing data/AI-driven capabilities and organizational value changes is discussed. Finally, this thesis highlights implications for BMI theory in terms of new value processes and implications for practice in terms of the BMI framework, concluding by presenting challenges and opportunities arising from the usage of AI within BMI by incumbents.
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| 29. |
- Amann, Daniel, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Affordability aspects in the concept generation of defence systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th International CINet Conference. - Twente : Continuous Innovation Network. - 9789077360200 ; , s. 26-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost escalation for fighter aircraft is arguably not sustainable. Pushing frontiers oftechnology by incremental improvements of traditional platforms has led to anexponential increase in cost. This paper addresses the process of concept generationwith the purpose to explore how affordability is managed in that process, in order toidentify possible measures to improve the likelihood of generating affordableconcepts. This is done by studying two cases of concept generation of future combatair systems. The concepts generated in these two cases are however not curbing thecost escalation and are, with only one notable exception, based on incrementalinnovation. Nevertheless, the empirical observations offer leads to potentially fostera more innovative and cost conscious concept generation process, indicatingavenues for future research.
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| 30. |
- Amann, Daniel, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Affordability Aspects in the Development of Defence Equipment : Case Studies of Concept Generation in the Defence Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Defence and Peace Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1024-2694 .- 1476-8267. ; 32:7, s. 847-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost escalation for many complex defence equipment is arguably not sustainable. Customer driven requirements have led to an exponential increase in costs by pushing frontiers of technology to support primarily incremental improvements of traditional equipment concepts. Accordingly, affordability has become a more discussed subject indefence acquisition. This paper addresses the process of generating complex defence equipment concepts. The purpose is to explore how affordability is managed in that process and to identify possible leads to how an unsustainable cost escalation for this type of equipment can be curbed. This is done by studying two cases of concept generation of future combat air equipment systems from a company process perspective. This applied micro perspective on cost escalation showed that none of the concepts generated in these two cases were assessed to curb the cost escalation. Further, the innovation model for the generated concepts, with only one notable exception, was incremental. Nevertheless, the empirical observations from these two cases offer leads on how to potentially foster a more innovative and affordability-oriented concept generation process for future defence equipment, as well as indicating avenues for future research.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Amann, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN COMPLEX PRODUCT SYSTEMS (COPS) : INFLUENCING CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Complex product systems (CoPS) tend to get more complex for every new productgeneration, which for some product categories imply cumbersome escalating costs. Forthese products, promises of lowered costs by disruptive innovation certainly areappealing, but frequently deluding. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring specific CoPScharacteristics and conditions influencing companies’ propensity to develop disruptiveproducts, and to derive related managerial implications. This is performed by analysingfour case studies of CoPS product development in four different industrial sectors. Thestudy suggests that specific characteristics and conditions in the CoPS setting influenceproduct development management to aim at incremental improvements of earlier productconcepts, whereby disruptive innovations in reality rarely get a chance. Moreover, it isfound that barriers for disruptive innovation in CoPS classified as tournament goods areconsidered even higher, because this product category generally do not offer anyperformance oversupply.
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| 34. |
- Amann, Daniel, 1967-
(författare)
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Exploring affordability in concept generation for complex defence products
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- National defence budgets face pressure from intergenerational escalating costs for complex defence products, such as fighter aircraft and submarines. These escalating costs originate from ever-increasing performance requirements due to the competitive nature of warfare. In combat, only winning is good enough. Therefore, the products’ performance is considered crucial for gaining an edge over an opponent. As the continuous development of ever-costlier complex defence products is not sustainable, it is high time for a path change towards affordability, meaning less costly products without any compromises in terms of operational requirements. However, the fact that this cost escalation has long been recognised as unsustainable indicates that a path change towards affordability will not be easy to achieve. Such a path change will likely require radical changes in product concepts – even though costs might be reduced in other ways, product concepts are believed to have the greatest potential. In accordance with this assumption, this thesis suggest that the phenomenon of continuous generation of ever-costlier complex defence concepts is ultimately sealed in the front end of innovation, where opportunities are identified and product concepts are defined. Accordingly, this thesis aims to explore how firms and customers can influence activities in the front end of innovation in order to successfully manage the affordability of complex defence products. This aim is approached through phenomenon-driven research performed in a set of four concatenated studies, represented by five papers. By letting successive studies be informed by preceding studies, new knowledge and theory are added to this under-researched topic. Empirically, several factors and aspects influencing the front end of innovation are identified as potential barriers to or enablers of path changes towards affordability. In addition, different measures that companies and customers can adopt to support such path changes are proposed. The thesis contributes to extant theory by providing a definition of affordability adapted to complex defence products, and by contrasting affordability with established concepts and methods aimed at making products less costly. Furthermore, benefits and deficiencies in the industry’s handling of concept generation for complex defence products are highlighted from an affordability perspective, and the influence of specific characteristics on path changes towards affordability in relation to complex defence equipment is described and discussed. Finally, conditions supporting affordability related to opportunities, knowledge and motivations are described, and the benefits of providing those generating complex capability-oriented concepts with cost-related information are demonstrated.In addition to these contributions to theory, this thesis has several implications for the practice of companies and governmental customers. It highlights measures that these two sets of actors can take to shape conditions and, thereby, influence key activities in the front end of innovation to generate complex defence-product concepts that meet affordability criteria. These suggested measures constitute an embryo of an explicit approach to affordability management.
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| 35. |
- Amann, Daniel, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating path change : A historical success story of product development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International CINet Conference. - : Continuous Innovation Network. - 9789077360224 ; , s. 13-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant theory suggests that paths of development, although identified as beingunsustainable, might be difficult to depart from. Our aim has therefore been toexplore and understand how a path change can be facilitated in a setting of complexproduct systems. We have studied a unique single case that managed a departurefrom an unsustainable cost escalation for complex defence equipment. The studyshows a relation between a path change and an opportunity, and also indicates howthis relation can be moderated by company management and customers. This isfurther clarified in a proposed model. We thereby provide both a theoretical andpractical contribution that support understanding and facilitating of path changes.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Amann, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Inducing Affordability?: Observations From An Experimental Study Of Concept Generation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22th CINet conference, September 12 – 14, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Enschede. - 9789077360248
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early preliminary concepts are claimed to have a profound impact on the final product. Since these concepts often are based on intuitive judgements, it is important that these judgements are appropriate for the desired outcome. Intuition is derived from what one brings to mind, and consequently, the access to information is important for making relevant judgements. Therefore, when a departure from a present path of development is sought for, access to new information is likely to be required. Results from an experimental study, addressing affordability and concept generation, indicated that individuals were influenced, by the provision of selective information, to make more cost considerations and even to change approach when generating new concepts. It was further recognized that weak abilities to estimate costs in a lifecycle and capability perspective likely hampered low-cost ambitions. The findings from this study are suggested to contribute to theory on product development, and to support affordability when new products are developed.
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| 38. |
- Amann, Daniel, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Managing affordability in concept development of complex product systems (CoPS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 35:1, s. 93-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study originates in a recognised unsustainable cost escalation for complex defence equipment. In order to understand how such cost escalation for complex product systems (CoPS) can be avoided, this study comparatively explores four different industrial sectors - energy, transportation, healthcare and defence - with and without intergenerational increasing costs, represented by four international companies. The results, collected from studying the development of one of each company’s products, reveal some characteristic differences in market factors between those sectors and companies having problems with intergenerational escalating costs and customer affordability, as compared to other sectors and companies. It is suggested that dependent on market characteristics, it might be necessary to actively manage affordability when CoPS are developed. Efforts made by the companies to make products more affordable were identified, and several factors enabling and disabling the development of less costly products without compromising customer needs were explored. Further, the implications of affordability management in a CoPS setting are elaborated on.
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| 39. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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SweGen : a whole-genome data resource of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 25:11, s. 1253-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe the SweGen data set, a comprehensive map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. These data represent a basic resource for clinical genetics laboratories as well as for sequencing-based association studies by providing information on genetic variant frequencies in a cohort that is well matched to national patient cohorts. To select samples for this study, we first examined the genetic structure of the Swedish population using high-density SNP-array data from a nation-wide cohort of over 10 000 Swedish-born individuals included in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 1000 individuals, reflecting a cross-section of the population and capturing the main genetic structure, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Analysis pipelines were developed for automated alignment, variant calling and quality control of the sequencing data. This resulted in a genome-wide collection of aggregated variant frequencies in the Swedish population that we have made available to the scientific community through the website https://swefreq.nbis.se. A total of 29.2 million single-nucleotide variants and 3.8 million indels were detected in the 1000 samples, with 9.9 million of these variants not present in current databases. Each sample contributed with an average of 7199 individual-specific variants. In addition, an average of 8645 larger structural variants (SVs) were detected per individual, and we demonstrate that the population frequencies of these SVs can be used for efficient filtering analyses. Finally, our results show that the genetic diversity within Sweden is substantial compared with the diversity among continental European populations, underscoring the relevance of establishing a local reference data set.
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| 40. |
- Andersen, T. C. K., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring business model innovation in SMEs in a digital context : Organizing search behaviours, experimentation and decision-making
- 2022
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 31:1, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today's business environment, digitalization plays a key role in establishing competitive advantage and developing new business models. However, little is known about business model innovation (BMI) processes and practices of small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) in their digital venturing. Thus, the aim of this paper is to address this research gap by investigating the process activities of SMEs in effectively building new business models through digitalization. Through a case study of 18 SMEs, document studies and 36 interviews, we explore the BMI processes during the case companies' digital transformation. The research results identify four critical BMI process activities: (1) assessing the environment in search of new opportunities, (2) conveying a sense of urgency, (3) exploring and testing new opportunities through experimentation and (4) handling decision-making with a combination of intuition and data. Finally, our study reveals managerial implications related to data-driven decision-making during BMI, constituting four managerial dilemmas: (1) prognosis and scenario-driven search myopia, (2) timing and sustainability, (3) radical shift from traditional experimentation to data-based methods and (4) using intuition versus data-driven decision-making.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mätteknik för processindustrin
- 2010
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- En lärobok (främst riktad till yrkeshögskolan) om hur man undviker mätfel, om olika mätprinciper och om hur mätutrustning av olika slag bäst används och monteras. Främst handlar det om temperatur, tryck, flöde och nivå men även annat som finns i en processindustri.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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In situ rolling circle amplification detection of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) complementary and viral RNA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 426:2, s. 87-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a human pathogen that causes a severe disease with high fatality rate for which there is currently no specific treatment. Knowledge regarding its replication cycle is also highly limited. In this study we developed an in situ technique for studying the different stages during the replication of CCHFV. By integrating reverse transcription, padlock probes, and rolling circle amplification, we were able to detect and differentiate between viral RNA (vRNA) and complementary RNA (cRNA) molecules, and to detect viral protein within the same cell. These data demonstrate that CCHFV nucleocapsid protein (NP) is detectable already at 6 hours post infection in vRNA- and cRNA-positive cells. Confocal microscopy showed that cRNA is enriched and co-localized to a large extent with NP in the perinuclear area, while vRNA has a more random distribution in the cytoplasm with only some co-localize with NP. However, vRNA and cRNA did not appear to co-localize directly.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of cannabis use among young adults in Sweden comparing randomized response technique with a traditional survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 118:9, s. 1801-1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: The prevalence of cannabis use based on self-reports is likely to be underestimated in population surveys, especially in contexts where its use is a criminal offence. Indirect survey methods ask sensitive questions ensuring that answers cannot be identified with an individual respondent, therefore potentially resulting in more reliable estimates. We aimed to measure whether the indirect survey method ‘randomized response technique’ (RRT) increased response rate and/or increased disclosure of cannabis use among young adults compared with a traditional survey.Design: We conducted two parallel nation-wide surveys during the spring and the summer of 2021. The first survey was a traditional questionnaire-based one (focusing on substance use and gambling). The second survey applied an indirect survey method known as ‘the cross-wise model’ to questions related to cannabis use. The two surveys employed identical procedures (e.g. invitations, reminders and wording of the questions)Setting and Participants: The participants were young adults (aged 18–29 years) living in Sweden. The traditional survey had 1200 respondents (56.9% women) and the indirect survey had 2951 respondents (53.6% women).Measurements: In both surveys, cannabis use was assessed according to three time-frames: life-time use; use during the past year; and use during the past 30 days.Findings: The estimated prevalence of cannabis use was two- to threefold higher on all measures when estimated using the indirect survey method compared with the traditional survey: use during life-time (43.2 versus 27.3%); during the past year (19.2 versus 10.4%); and during the past 30 days (13.2 versus 3.7%). The discrepancy was larger among males and individuals with an education shorter than 10 years, who were unemployed, and who were born in non-European countries.Conclusions: Indirect survey methods may provide more accurate estimates than traditional surveys on prevalence of self-reported cannabis use.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Andrén, L, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunistic adaptation in start-up companies
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 3:5-6, s. 546-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Annosi, Maria Carmela, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Level Study of Managerial Control Influence on Self-Managed Team Innovativeness
- 2015
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Ingår i: <em> Academy of Management conference</em>.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we investigate organizational control systems as the underpinnings of large organizations’ ability to perform after transition to a flattened and decentralized structure. We consider horizontal social control mechanisms on team level (concertive control induced by high team identification) and vertical bureaucratic managerial control mechanisms on organization level (interactive and diagnostic management control systems), and examine their combined influence on the innovativeness of self-managing product development teams in a large company. We utilize a rich empirical data set including a multilevel multi-source survey of the members of 97 organizational teams, their internal team managers, and their higher-level managers. In contrast to some prior research findings, we find a negative effect of team’s concertive control on team’s innovativeness . In addition, managerial interactive control systems fostering a more prestigious team’s organizational image seem to strengthen the negative effect of concertive control on team’s innovativeness, while in combination with diagnostic control systems, legitimizing current external organizational team’s image, the effect of concertive control becomes positive. Interestingly, our analysis suggests that as team’s concertive control increases, managerial control systems show a converse relationship in such a way that the diagnostic control reduces and the interactive control increases the negative influence of concertive control.
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| 48. |
- Annosi, Maria Carmela, et al.
(författare)
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A Multilevel Framework for Organizational Learning in Self-Managed Team Organizations: an abductive micro-foundations study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drawing on the social cognitive learning perspective, this study advances a multilevel theory of organizational learning for team-based organizations, which integrates principles of cognition and motivation through team-level self-regulation mechanisms. We highlight and unpack these mechanisms, which have long been treated as black boxes in organizational learning research. We describe them using an empirical case from a multinational company, and we reveal their potential to affect motivation and socio-cognitive functions in self-managing teams. We also clarify the complexity of their relationships through a set of propositions and provide a definition of the team-level self-regulation mechanisms constructs.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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