| 1. |
- Franck, Marina Christina Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Urocortin3-expressing neurons in sensory transmission
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a neuropeptide involved in mechanosensation and stress regulation, and Ucn3-Cre neurons have been assigned a role in mechanical itch. Here, we show that Ucn3 marks a population of excitatory neurons in the mouse dorsal horn, divided into two non-overlapping subpopulations expressing protein kinase C g or calretinin/calbindin 2. Chemogenetic activation of spinal Ucn3-Cre neurons evoked a targeted biting/licking behavior towards the corresponding dermatome. Genetic deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in Ucn3-Cre neurons removed the phenotype, showing that the biting/licking behavior is VGLUT2-dependent. Conditional deletion of VGLUT2 did not affect acute thermal or mechanical withdrawal responses, nor thermal withdrawal responses after nerve growth factor-induced hypersensitivity or the prurifensive response to 48/80 or von Frey stimuli applied in nape. Instead, we found that a group of spinal Ucn3 neurons were activated in response to artificial scratching or 48/80-induced itch. Electrophysiological experiments showed that spinal Ucn3 neurons received both glycinergic and GABAergic tonic inhibition, and monosynaptic inputs from both Aβ and C fibers, which could be confirmed by rabies tracing. Spinal Ucn3/Ucn3-Cre neurons thus represent a mechanically sensitive population with several roles in the itch-scratch cycle.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ceder, Mikaela M., et al.
(författare)
-
The glycine receptor alpha 3 subunit mRNA expression shows sex-dependent differences in the adult mouse brain
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2202. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The glycinergic system plays an important inhibitory role in the mouse central nervous system, where glycine controls the excitability of spinal itch- and pain-mediating neurons. Impairments of the glycine receptors can cause motor and sensory deficits. Glycine exerts inhibition through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels composed of alpha and beta subunits. We have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glra3) subunit in the nervous system as well as in several peripheral organs of female and male mice.Results Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis on the Zeisel et al. (2018) dataset indicated widespread but low expression of Glra3 in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2, Slc17a6) positive and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (Viaat, Slc32a1)positive neurons of the mouse central nervous system. Highest occurrence of Glra3 expression was identified in the cortex, amygdala, and striatal regions, as well as in the hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord. Bulk quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated Glra3 expression in cortex, amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Additionally, male mice expressed higher levels of Glra3 in all investigated brain areas compared with female mice. Lastly, RNAscope spatially validated Glra3 expression in the areas indicated by the single-cell and bulk analyses. Moreover, RNAscope analysis confirmed co-localization of Glra3 with Slc17a6 or Slc32a1 in the central nervous system areas suggested from the single-cell data.Conclusions Glra3 expression is low but widespread in the mouse central nervous system. Clear sex-dependent differences have been identified, indicating higher levels of Glra3 in several telencephalic and diencephalic areas, as well as in cerebellum and brainstem, in male mice compared with female mice.
|
|
| 4. |
- Doring, Nora, et al.
(författare)
-
Primary prevention of childhood obesity through counselling sessions at Swedish child health centres : design, methods and baseline sample characteristics of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14:335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is a growing concern in Sweden. Children with overweight and obesity run a high risk of becoming obese as adults, and are likely to develop comorbidities. Despite the immense demand, there is still a lack of evidence-based comprehensive prevention programmes targeting pre-school children and their families in primary health care settings. The aims are to describe the design and methodology of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised controlled trial, assess the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire, and describe the baseline characteristics of the eligible young children and their mothers. Methods/Design: The PRIMROSE trial targets first-time parents and their children at Swedish child health centres (CHC) in eight counties in Sweden. Randomisation is conducted at the CHC unit level. CHC nurses employed at the participating CHC received training in carrying out the intervention alongside their provision of regular services. The intervention programme, starting when the child is 8-9 months of age and ending at age 4, is based on social cognitive theory and employs motivational interviewing. Primary outcomes are children's body mass index and waist circumference at four years. Secondary outcomes are children's and mothers' eating habits (assessed by a food frequency questionnaire), and children's and mothers' physical activity (measured by accelerometer and a validated questionnaire), and mothers' body mass index and waist circumference. Discussion: The on-going population-based PRIMROSE trial, which targets childhood obesity, is embedded in the regular national (routine) preventive child health services that are available free-of-charge to all young families in Sweden. Of the participants (n = 1369), 489 intervention and 550 control mothers (75.9%) responded to the validated physical activity and food frequency questionnaire at baseline (i.e., before the first intervention session, or, for children in the control group, before they reached 10 months of age). The food frequency questionnaire showed acceptable relative validity when compared with an 8-day food diary. We are not aware of any previous RCT, concerned with the primary prevention of childhood obesity through sessions at CHC that addresses healthy eating habits and physical activity in the context of a routine child health services programme.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Child sexual abuse investigations involving preschool-aged complainants: Which cases are prosecuted?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL) conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction. Child sexual abuse (CSA) cases are notoriously difficult to investigate and prosecute. Previous data from Swedish samples suggest that 10 - 15 % of reported cases are prosecuted, and several studies suggest that prosecution is less likely in investigations involving preschool-aged complainants compared to cases where the complainant is an older child. We aimed to investigate what is required for CSA cases involving preschool-aged complainants to be prosecuted. Method. Data from CSA cases involving preschool-aged children were analyzed (N = 147) using logistic regression. Results. Prosecuted cases were more likely to contain forensic evidence (documentation of abuse, DNA or a corroborative medical examination), while such evidence was not available in any discontinued case. Furthermore, cases were less likely to be prosecuted if there was a custodial dispute between the child’s parents as well as if the family had prior involvement from social services. Cases with more than one complainant were more likely to be prosecuted. Discussion. The results will be discussed in the light of previous research regarding the prosecution of CSA cases and we will offer some guiding suggestions to how these difficult investigations can be facilitated.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Court evaluations of young children's testimony in child sexual abuse cases
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259. ; 23:2, s. 176-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Prosecutors working with child sexual abuse (CSA) cases involving young children have raised concerns that reliability criteria from the Supreme Court of Sweden are holding children's testimony to impossible standards (e.g., expecting the child's testimony to be long, rich in detail and spontaneous). This study aimed to address these concerns by investigating how District Courts and Courts of Appeal employ said criteria in their testimonial assessments of young child complainants. Methods Court documents from District Courts (n = 100) and Courts of Appeal (n = 45) in CSA cases involving 100 children age 7 years and under were analysed with respect to the courts’ testimonial assessments. Results Testimonial assessments were more frequently referenced in acquitting verdicts and in cases with evidence of low corroborative value. Richness in detail was the most frequently used reliability criterion, followed by spontaneity. Most criteria were used in favour of the children's testimony. However, the length criterion was typically used against the reliability of the children's testimony. Conclusions Our findings confirm prosecutors’ concerns that criteria from the Supreme Court are frequently used in evaluations of young children's testimony. This is troublesome, as some criteria do not correspond to current research on young children's witness abilities. For example, compared to testimony given by older children or adults, testimony provided by a young child is typically not long or rich in detail. We encourage prosecutors to extend their own knowledge on young children's capability as witnesses and present this to the court.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
"It doesn't work at all, that's my experience" : Swedish forensic interviewers' views on interpreter-mediated child interviews
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Legal practitioners have expressed concerns regarding the quality of interpreter mediated forensic interviews with child witnesses. Objective: This mixed-methods study aimed to examine Swedish forensic interviewers experiences of conducting child interviews via a language interpreter. Participants and setting: Forty-one forensic interviewers from the Swedish Police Authority with experience conducting interpreter-mediated child interviews participated in a digital survey. Methods: Their responses were analyzed using both qualitative (thematic and content analyses) and quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) approaches. Results: The forensic interviewers general experiences of conducting interpreter-mediated child interviews were negative. Limited access to authorized legal interpreters and doubts regarding the accuracy of interpretation were described as major obstacles in these investigations. The presence of an interpreter could negatively impact childrens disclosure process and limit their chances of expressing their views during legal proceedings. Conclusions: According to Swedish forensic interviewers, the quality of interpreter-mediated child interviews urgently needs to be addressed. Our results are consistent with previous surveys from Australia and the United States, highlighting the international relevance of these topics. Future improvements are vital to ensure that all children are provided an equal right to be heard during criminal investigations, regardless of the native language.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosecution of Child Sexual Abuse Cases Involving Preschool-Aged Children: A Study of Swedish Cases from 2010 to 2014
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1053-8712 .- 1547-0679. ; 27:7, s. 832-851
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alleged child sexual abuse against preschool-aged children is often considered one of the most challenging cases for a prosecutor to handle. The aim of the current study was to examine differences between prosecuted and discontinued cases of alleged sexual abuse of preschool-aged children. Data from Swedish criminal cases of alleged sexual abuse of children ages 2–6 issued from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed (N=130). Prosecuted cases were more likely to contain forensic evidence (documentation of abuse, corroborative DNA evidence, or a corroborative medical examination), or a confession from the suspect, while such evidence was not available in any discontinued case. Furthermore, cases where the child was older, where the prosecutor had decided to conduct an interview with the child, and where there was more than one alleged victim were more likely to be prosecuted. Factors that were associated with a decreased likelihood of prosecution were ongoing custody disputes between parents, foster care placements prior to the abuse, and if the report concerned a boy. Boys and younger children were also less likely to be interviewed. The results suggest that prosecution of sexual abuse cases involving preschool-aged children remains difficult and that there is room for improvements in these investigations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosecutors’ experiences investigating alleged sexual abuse against preschoolers
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Annual Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law 26-29 juni 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Alleged child sexual abuse (CSA) against preschool-aged children is likely one of the most challenging cases for prosecutors to handle. In cases of alleged CSA, prosecutors are in charge of the preliminary investigation and work together with police and oftentimes, Child Protective Services (CPS). We aimed to examine prosecutors’ experiences processing CSA cases involving preschoolers, their views on the quality of child interviews and collaborating with the police and CPS. Method: 98 experienced child prosecutors took part in a survey regarding their experiences processing cases of alleged CSA involving preschoolers. The responses were analyzed using inferential statistics and thematic analysis. Results: The quality of child interviews was mostly rated as high. The quality of the interview was described as vital to the investigation, and as depending either on the interviewer’s expertise and personality or on the resources available to the police. Collaboration with police was rated as significantly better than collaboration with CPS. One-third of the prosecutors stated that CPS involvement could hamper a criminal investigation, mainly by leaking information to the suspect. The child’s ability and willingness to disclose abuse, alongside with a lack of corroborative evidence and the court’s reliability assessment, were described as the main challenges in the processing of CSA cases involving preschoolers. Conclusions: Investigating and prosecuting CSA cases involving preschoolers remain challenging, but there is room for improvement. CSA cases require an innovative, systematic, and unbiased approach and we encourage further research that can help improve the quality of CSA investigations.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Prosecutors’ experiences investigating alleged sexual abuse against preschoolers
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 26:7, s. 687-709
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigating and prosecuting cases of alleged child sexual abuse is challenging, especially if the report concerns a young child. The present study aimed to examine prosecutors’ experiences investigating and prosecuting cases of alleged sexual abuse of pre-schoolers. Ninety-four Swedish child abuse prosecutors participated in a 2017 national survey regarding their work with these cases and their experiences collaborating with police and Child Protective Services (CPS). Their responses were analysed using both quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) and qualitative (thematic analysis) approaches. The prosecutors described difficulties eliciting and evaluating testimony from the youngest children, alongside a lack of corroborative evidence, as the main challenges in investigating cases of alleged sexual abuse of pre-schoolers. Some prosecutors reported that an ongoing CPS investigation could negatively affect the criminal investigation. Furthermore, the quality of the investigative child interview was described as paramount to the investigation and as something that could be affected by the interviewer as well as the resources available to the police. Suggestions for future research and potential practical implications for CSA investigations involving pre-schoolers are discussed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual abuse cases in Swedish courts – what is required from preschoolers as witnesses?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The 9th annual conference of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG), London, United Kingdom, June 22 - 24 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Child sexual abuse (CSA) cases offer a considerable challenge for the court, as evidence other than the complainant’s testimony is rare. The court is faced with the task of evaluating the reliability of the testimony, a task that can be especially challenging when the complainant is a small child. Reliability assessments made by Swedish courts require a complainant’s testimony to be long, clear, coherent, logical, rich in detail and free from equivocal statements. Such criteria are difficult for preschoolers to fulfil, as they tend to provide brief testimonies and might be unable to describe the abuse in great detail. So far, no studies have been conducted as to what extent these criteria are being used to evaluate the testimonies of preschoolers, nor to how the assessment of these criteria affect the outcome in court. Court data from 197 CSA cases involving preschool-aged victims will be analyzed with respect to the use of said criteria. There will be an emphasis on the court’s assessments of the child interview and the child’s testimony, in order to see what is required from preschoolers as witnesses. The results will be presented in the light of current knowledge on preschoolers’ ability to testify.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Courts’ Evaluations of Interpreter-Mediated Child Investigative Interviews
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Child Maltreatment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-5595 .- 1552-6119. ; 28:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children can need the help of an interpreter if they are victims of a crime and need to be forensically interviewed in another language. Recent findings from practitioners raise concerns about the state of interpreter-mediated interviews with children. The current study aimed to explore how Swedish criminal courts reason when assessing interpreter-mediated and interpreter-absent (with children who are not fluent in Swedish) child investigative interviews. We conducted qualitative and descriptive analyses of written court verdicts involving 108 child victims who were evaluated to need an interpreter during their investigative interview. The courts frequently discussed issues regarding possible misinterpretations, language difficulties, and confusion. These perceived deficiencies in the interviews were often mentioned as a cause for assessing the child’s testimony with caution and, in some cases, as lowering the evidential value of the child interview. Possible implications for children’s legal rights are discussed.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ernberg, Emelie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Åtal vid misstänkta sexualbrott mot förskolebarn
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens Viktimologiska Forskarkonferens 2017. Stockholm: 21 november.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När en anmälan av sexualbrott mot barn görs, ska fallet genast lämnas över till en åklagare, som sedan inte bara är ansvarig för att besluta om fallet ska gå vidare till åtal, utan även agerar förundersökningsledare. Vi har i två studier undersökt åtal av misstänkta sexualbrott mot förskolebarn. Inom ramen för Studie 1 intervjuades erfarna barnåklagare om sina erfarenheter och upplevelser av att arbeta med misstänkta sexualbrott mot små barn. Inom ramen för Studie II analyserades 37 nedlagda förundersökningar och 107 domar rörande sexualbrott mot barn i förskoleåldern, med avseende på vilka faktorer som kunde förutsäga vilka fall som ledde vidare till åtal.
|
|
| 14. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Förhör med misstänkt
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Eriksson, Å. & Sturidsson, K (red.) Klinisk forensisk psykologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144114491 ; , s. 75-104
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 15. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Förhör med misstänkt
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Handbok i Rättspsykologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta kapitel uppmärksammar vi förhör med personer som är misstänkta för brott, dessa förhör skiljer sig i flera avseenden från förhör med målsägande och vittne. Först beskriver vi det som är problematiskt; konfrontativa förhör, falska erkännanden och simulerad amnesi. I kapitlets senare del riktar vi ljuset med det som är positivt; forskningsbaserade och etiskt försvarbara förhörsmetoder.
|
|
| 16. |
- Koponen, Linnea, 1997, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish interpreters' views and experiences of interpreting child forensic interviews.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Child abuse & neglect. - 1873-7757. ; 149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child forensic interviewers have expressed concerns regarding the quality of interpreter-mediated child forensic interviews. However, research on interpreters' perspectives on these interviews is scarce and specialized education for interpreters limited. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore interpreters' experiences and knowledge of interpreting child forensic interviews. A total of 130 Swedish interpreters with different authorization statuses responded to a digital survey about interpreting child forensic interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis and content analysis, and quantitative data with descriptive and inferential statistics. Interpreters reported challenges concerning children's limited language skills, the emotional effects of interpreting child forensic interviews, the limited access to information before interviews, and the complex balance between following interpreters' ethical guidelines and adjusting for situational demands. Regarding practical conditions, interpreters preferred interpreting in person instead of via telephone. Interpreters' general knowledge of child forensic interviewing did not differ between interpreters with different authorization statuses (F(2,108)=0.80, ω2=-0.002, p=.45), except from views on using leading questions (H(2)=17.34, η2=0.14, p<.001) and whether interpreters may clarify terms to child interviewees (H(2)=8.02, η2=0.06, p=.02). It is crucial to consider interpreters' perspectives when striving to improve the quality of interpreter-mediated child forensic interviews. Interpreters should be provided sufficient information to prepare and assess their suitability. Interpreters should also be offered education in interpreting child forensic interviews and given appropriate service structures to support their wellbeing.
|
|
| 17. |
- Korkman,, et al.
(författare)
-
White paper on forensic child interviewing: research-based recommendations by the European Association of Psychology and Law
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This white paper consists of evidence-based recommendations for conducting forensic interviews with children. The recommendations are jointly drafted by researchers in child interviewing active within the European Association of Psychology and Law and are focused on cases in which children are interviewed in forensic settings, in particular within investigations of child sexual and/or physical abuse. One particular purpose of the white paper is to assist the growing Barnahus movement in Europe to develop investigative practise that is science-based. The key recommendations entail the expertise required by interviewers, how interviews should be conducted and how interviewers should be trained. Interviewers are advised to use evidence-based interview protocols, engage in hypothesis-testing and record their interviews. The need to prepare the interview well and making efforts to familiarise the child with the interview situation and create rapport as well as acknowledging cultural factors and the possible need for interpretation is underscored, and a recommendation is made not to rely on dolls, body diagrams and the interpretation of drawings in the interviews. Online child interviewing is noted as showing promising results, but more research is warranted before conclusive recommendations can be made. Interviewers should receive specialised training and continuous feedback on their interviews.
|
|
| 18. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Förhör med barn
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi (andra upplagan). - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064 ; , s. 268-287
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När det föreligger en misstanke om att ett barn har utsatts för, gjort sig skyldig till eller bevittnat ett brott, kan det bli aktuellt för polisen att hålla ett barnförhör. Ett väl genomfört barnförhör kan föra utredningen framåt och bana väg för en kommande rättegång. Likväl kan ett bristfälligt förhör skjuta en hel utredning i sank. Detta kapitel redogör för hur barnförhör bör gå till för att hjälpa barn att berätta om sina upplevelser och tar upp olika felkällor som kan minska barns tillförlitlighet.
|
|
| 19. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Förhör med vittnen och målsägande
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi (andra upplagan). - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064 ; , s. 236-252
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förhör med vittnen och målsäganden har en central roll i de flesta polisutredningar och de kan hjälpa polisen att hitta nya uppslag, avsluta spår och leda utredningen framåt. Ett väl genomfört förhör kan således ge värdefull information och förbereda inför en eventuell kommande förhandling i domstol. Detta kapitel beskriver hur förhör med vittnen och målsägande bör gå till, vilka frågetyper som kan användas och vilka som bör undvikas. Kapitlet lyfter fram några vetenskapligt beprövade förhörsmetoder och ger exempel på förhörssituationer där utredare behöver ta särskild hänsyn.
|
|
| 20. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Djurens roll för livsmedelsförsörjningen i en föränderlig miljö – utmaningar och kunskapsbehov
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vilka utmaningar står framtidens djurhållning inför? Prognoserna spår en växande global befolkning, ökad efterfrågan på kött, fisk, ägg och mejeriprodukter, begränsad tillgång på mark, minskad biologisk mångfald och kanske oåterkalleliga globala klimatoch miljöförändringar. Smittor som kan spridas från djur till människa och från vilda djur till tama i kombination med ökande antibiotikaresistens är ytterligare exempel på utmaningar som vi måste hantera. Målsättningen med den här rapporten är att den ska vara en källa till fakta för studenter, forskare, lärare, lantbrukare, beslutsfattare, journalister och andra som vill veta mera om djurhållning, miljö och klimat. Rapporten är författad av flera forskare inom husdjursvetenskap och veterinärmedicin och den här upplagan är en uppdaterad version av den tidigare ”Lantbrukets djur i en föränderlig miljö” som kom ut 2009. Förutsättningarna för livsmedelsproduktion skiljer sig i olika delar av världen och även i olika delar av vårt land.I ett hållbart livsmedelssystem måste alla resurser beaktas och olika typer av grödor och system passar olika väl på olika platser. En del mark passar bättre för djurhållning, annan mark passar bättre till odling av grödor som blir livsmedel. Det bästa systemet kan också vara att växla mellan livsmedelsgrödor och fodergrödor på samma mark. Frågor kring livsmedelsproduktion och hållbarhet är ofta komplexa och det är viktigt att samarbeta tvärvetenskapligt för att komma fram till lösningar. Stort tack till alla medförfattare samt till Markus Langeland, forskare vid institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård (HUV) som granskat kapitlet om akvakultur och till Professor Sigrid Agenäs vid HUV som kommit med värdefulla inspel på texten i sin helhet. Arbetet med denna upplaga av rapporten har finansierats av SLU Future Food.
|
|
| 21. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Admitting sexual abuse against infants and preschoolers: Defendant statements in Swedish court cases
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL) conference. Menchen, Belgium: 28-31 May.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Court proceedings concerning alleged child sexual abuse (CSA) against young children constitute a challenge for legal systems around the globe. Legal decision-makers are often faced with the difficult task of assessing likelihood of guilt based on oral testimonies and circumstantial evidence. Beyond the child’s testimony, a suspect confession can add vital information regarding the offence. The aim of the present study was to examine defendant statements during trial to explore factors related to admissions of guilt. Court cases (n = 117) were extracted from a larger data set containing official court documents on child sexual abuse offences against children seven years or younger. All court proceedings took place between January 2010 to December 2014 across Sweden. The archival data is currently being analyzed. Using logistic binary regression, factors from previous research on confessions during police interviews will be explored to predict admissions of guilt during trial. Furthermore, the defendants’ self-reported explanations behind the abuse allegation will be thematically analyzed to examine other aspects surrounding admissions of guilt. Findings and potential practical implications will be presented during the conference.
|
|
| 22. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Asking Children to Talk About Abuse: Can Research Help Improve Police Interviewer Skills?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: In-Mind. - 1877-5306. ; 3:33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child abuse cases often lack corroborative evidence in the form of injuries, DNA or direct witness observations. Instead, the most important source of information about the alleged crime is typically the child’s testimony. A wide range of factors can influence children’s capability and willingness to disclose abuse during a police interview. Hence, the child interviewer needs to elicit reliable information from children without influencing their testimony. The National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) protocol is a well-researched standardized method for interviewing children. Research shows that field training in the protocol can improve police interviewer skills, but some challenges remain. Revisions of the original protocol and other solutions may provide promise for cases where children are reluctant to talk. Recent technological advances also provide ways forward for research on child interviewing.
|
|
| 23. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Barnfridsbrottet – ett straffrättsligt skydd för barn som har bevittnat våld
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Barnläkaren. - 1651-0534. ; :4/2022, s. 16-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nu har det snart gått ett år sedan barnfridsbrottet blev svensk lag. Det innebär att det numera är straffbart att utsätta barn för att bevittna brott i nära relation. Barnfridsbrottet har gett barn möjlighet att göra sin röst hörd och få skadestånd.
|
|
| 24. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Can rapport building strategies, age, and question type influence preschoolers’ disclosures of adult wrongdoing?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 61:3, s. 393-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present experiment, we examined preschoolers’ disclosures of a secret as a function of rapport building strategies used in Scandinavian field settings (verbal rapport building vs. prop rapport building), age in months (33–75 months) and question type (open‐ended free recall invitation vs. suggestive questions). Fifty‐three preschoolers (M = 60.5 months old, SD = 11.4) witnessed a researcher break a toy and were asked to keep the toy breakage a secret. The children were thereafter interviewed about the incident. Overall, 18.9% of the children disclosed the secret after an open‐ended free recall invitation. The disclosure rate rose to 83% after the final phase of the interviews when questions containing suggestive details were asked of the children. Notably, we did not observe any significant effects as a function of manipulating rapport building strategy. A linear regression model showed that child age (in months) significantly predicted the amount of reported details, with younger preschoolers reporting fewer details compared to older preschoolers. Age also predicted the amount of correct details, but not the amount of incorrect details. No age differences were found with regard to children’s disclosure tendencies or proportion of central details about the secret. Methodological limitations and practical implications will be addressed.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
-
Child disclosures
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Baker B., Minhas R., & Wilson L. (Eds.). Psychology & Law Factbook. - : European Association of Psychology and Law Student Society. - 9781326989651 ; , s. 43-45
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 27. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
-
Children in the legal system: Norway
- 2017
-
Ingår i: In, S. Landström (red.), Interviewing Child Witnesses: Proceedings of the 2016 theoretical course.. - Gothenburg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 131-132
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Do you remember the smell? Examining odour cues on witness memory
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL) conference. Turku, Finland: 27 June.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Odours are typically identified as potent memory cues. However, the beneficial effects have been difficult to replicate in legal contexts. The purpose of the present study was to examine if odour cues could improve the quality of eyewitness testimony using two different experimental paradigms. In Experiment I, 92 mock witnesses observed a video depicting an armed robbery. All participants were exposed to a lemon odour during encoding. During a standardized self-interview, the participants were either exposed to the same odour cue, another odour (peppermint) or no odour (control condition). No significant effects of retrieval odour exposure on the quantity, nor quality, of the witness statements were observed. In Experiment II, 82 mock witnesses observed a video depicting intimate partner violence using a 2 (Encoding: vinegar odour vs. no odour) x 2 (Retrieval: vinegar odour vs. no odour) between-subjects design. No significant effects of odour exposure were observed. Interestingly, and in line with basic research, participants in both experiments had difficulties labelling the encoding odour. Many provided inaccurate labels, such as stating that they had smelled gasoline when they had been exposed to a lemon odour. These findings may have implications for the credibility of witness details pertaining to odours.
|
|
| 30. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Does a longer rapport-building phase improve preschoolers’ witness capabilities during investigative interviews?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 Annual conference of the European association of psychology and law abstract book. - 9788412073195
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Interviewing young children in a legal context can be a difficult task. Recent developments in the field have suggested that increased rapport building during the initial phase of child interviews may improve children’s witness capabilities. The present experiment was designed to investigate if time spent during the pre-substantive phase of an interview (long rapport building phase vs. short rapport building phase) would influence preschool-aged children’s statements about experienced and non-experienced events. We predicted that children interviewed with a longer rapport building phase would provide more details about a target event and exhibit a higher accuracy rate compared to 2children interviewed with a shorter rapport building phase. Participants/protocols: A total of 119 children (age 3 to 6 years) participated in the study. Beyond the rapport building manipulation, the interview structure followed the original NICHD protocol for interviewing children (Lamb et al., 2008). Method: The present experiment used a 2 (Rapport building time: Long vs. short) x 2 (Target event: Had experienced the event vs. had not experienced the event) between-subjects design. Approximately one week before the interviews took place, half of the children experienced a staged event involving a visit from two pirates at their preschool. All children were thereafter interviewed about the staged event (both children who did meet the pirates, and children who did not meet the pirates). During their interview, the children were randomised to one of the two rapport building conditions. The interviews were conducted by eleven trained research assistants who were unaware of the aim and hypotheses of the study. Results and conclusions: The data is currently being analysed and the main findings will be presented at the conference.
|
|
| 31. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Forensic interviewers' experiences of interviewing children of different ages
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 26:10, s. 967-989
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased knowledge about practitioners’ experiences of conducting forensic child interviews may provide valuable insights into the perceived challenges they encounter when questioning children. This mixed-methods study examined Swedish practitioners’ views on different interviewing components (ground rules, rapport building, practice narratives, question types), props, strategies for adapting their methods for preschool-aged children, and perceptions of challenges interviewing children of differing ages. Eighty-eight specialized forensic child interviewers responded to a national survey. The data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Attitudes regarding different interviewing components were mainly in line with current research recommendations. Prop use was primarily limited to drawings, photographs, and stressreduction tools. A variety of strategies were used to adapt the existing protocol for questioning young children, indicating a potential need for additional standardized guidelines for this age group. Furthermore, the perceived barriers for children to disclose and the demands placed on the interviewer varied across age groups. Since all children should have the right to be questioned with age appropriate methods, we need to continue to develop ways of adapting practitioners’ interviewing strategies to match children’s developmental levels. To reach this aim, researchers may benefit from taking into account the concerns raised by forensic child interviewers.
|
|
| 32. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Förhör med förskolebarn i polisutredningar
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att planera och genomföra utredande förhör med förskolebarn är en svår uppgift som kräver hög kompetens i form av kunskap, lämplighet och praktisk färdighet. I utredningar vid misstanke om sexuella övergrepp är barnets utsaga ofta är det enda och därmed avgörande beviset. Det är därför högst bekymmersamt att den metod som idag lärs ut och används av barnutredare inte är anpassad till förhör med förskolebarn. Med Brottsoffermyndighetens stöd undersöker vi om en ny forskningsförankrad förhörsteknik, den Sekventiella metoden, kan vara en möjlig åtgärd för att förbättra kvaliteten på dessa förhör. Föreliggande presentation syftar till att beskriva tre pilotstudier till projektet. Studie I består av en granskning av 57 rättsfall rörande sexuella övergrepp mot förskolebarn, där vi bland annat kartlagt barriärer och underlättande faktorer för att barn ska berätta om övergrepp under polisförhör. Studie II är en omfattande litteraturöversikt av internationell forskning kring den metod som i dagsläget används i Sverige, det så kallade NICHD protokollet. Fokus riktades mot användbarheten av metoden vid förhör med förskolebarn. Studie III består av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med erfarna barnutredare vid svensk polis, där vi undersökte deras upplevelse av att använda NICHD protokollet i det dagliga arbetet. Sammantaget belyser de tre studierna olika problem och svårigheter med rådande metod för att förhöra förskolebarn.
|
|
| 33. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Förskolebarn som målsäganden: Utmaningar och nya verktyg
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Barnrättsdagarna 2018 Tema: Alla barns rätt till jämnlika uppväxtvilkor. Örebro, Sverige: 24-25 April 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att utreda, hålla förhör och väcka åtal i fall som rör misstänkta sexualbrott mot barn i förskoleåldern är ofta en utmaning. Under föreläsningen diskuterar vi nya resultat från två pågående forskningsprojekt. Vi presenterar dels forskning som visar på svårigheterna i att utreda och väcka åtal i fall som rör misstänkta sexualbrott mot förskolebarn. Vi tar också upp forskning kring åldersanpassade förhörsmetoder och redogör för olika verktyg som skulle kunna bistå brottsutredare vid förhör med förskolebarn.
|
|
| 34. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
-
Interviewing children using the Extended Forensic Evaluation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: In, S. Landström (red.), Interviewing Child Witnesses: Proceedings of the 2016 theoretical course.. - Gothenburg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 92-97
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 35. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
-
Interviewing preschoolers: Facilitators and barriers for young children's legal testimony
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children’s testimonies are often vital during criminal investigations of alleged maltreatment. The aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of forensic interviews with preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 6 years). Study I consisted of a mixed-methods survey of 88 specialist child interviewers. Preschoolers were described as particularly challenging to interview due to their limited verbal abilities, short attention spans, and insufficient memory. The practitioners described various modifications to their technique when questioning preschoolers, indicating a potential need for standardized guidelines. Study II examined preschoolers’ disclosures of sexual abuse in 57 Swedish court cases containing strong corroborative evidence. Many young children could provide information about the abuse, but their first disclosure was often delayed. Reluctance was common during the forensic interviews. The court documents mentioned several barriers to disclosure, including requests for secrecy, internal feelings (e.g., shame, guilt, and self-blame), fear of upsetting the non-abusive caregiver, loyalty to the perpetrator, and language difficulties. Study III consisted of an experiment examining 53 preschoolers’ secret-keeping for an unfamiliar adult. Only 18.9% disclosed the secret in response to a free-recall request. After more specific questions, the number of secret-tellers increased to 83%. No significant differences were observed as a function of manipulating the rapport-building strategy used during the initial phase of the interviews. Study IV concerned the effects of the pre-substantive phase of two different child interviewing techniques (i.e. the NICHD protocol vs. the sequential interview model) on preschoolers’ statements about a self-experienced (n = 84) and non-experienced (n = 45) event. Children in the NICHD condition exhibited slightly higher accuracy than did children in the SI model condition when describing a self-experienced event. Regardless of the interviewing technique, 31.1% of the children inaccurately assented to remembering a non-experienced event, and 15.6% gave a long false report. Study V examined the effects of the draw-and-talk technique on preschoolers’ reports of self-experienced (n = 83) and non-experienced (n = 25) events. Draw-and-talk did not increase the number of details given about a self-experienced event. When suggestively asked to draw a non-experienced event, 61.9% of children complied and provided inaccurate details while drawing. Across the experimental studies, we observed a positive linear association between children’s age (in months) and the quantity and accuracy of details. The current thesis highlights the importance of age-appropriate interview techniques when collecting testimony from preschool-aged witnesses. The studies show that preschoolers can give accurate testimony when following research-based guidelines. However, a range of developmental, socio–emotional, and motivational factors can hinder or delay young children from disclosing sensitive information. Future research could benefit from addressing questions of how to elicit information from reluctant child witnesses. Considering that the task of interviewing preschoolers demands considerable knowledge and practical skills, police and prosecutors may consider implementing specialized training courses on forensic child interviewing involving preschoolers. Another possible facilitating factor would be to routinely consult with experts on preschoolers’ cognitive and linguistic development in connection with the preliminary investigation. As preschoolers testify through their video-recorded forensic interviews, priority should be given to ensure that young children are given the prerequisites needed to tell their stories to the police.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Looking Closer at the Emotional Child Victim Effect: Eye Tracking and Camera Perspectives
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL) + World Conference, August 4-7 2015, Nuremberg.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Child interviews are often video-recorded for further use in the investigation or an upcoming trial. Considering that police interviews are, in some countries, the only way for children to share their testimony with a court, it is of utmost importance that these video documentation procedures are unbiased. In Sweden, there are two commonly used techniques at the local police departments and Children's safety houses: Balanced Focus and Picture-in-Picture. In the former, the child and interviewer are both captured within the same camera frame (giving them equal focus). In the Picture-in-Picture technique, the child is primarily displayed, together with a small balanced focus picture placed in the upper corner of the frame. Previous research on camera perspectives in legal settings has demonstrated how visual framing can have substantial effects on judgements regarding suspect confessions. Illusory causation and perceptual registration of incoming information have been put forth as underlying structures for the phenomena. The aim for the present study was, thus, to examine if credibility judgements of an emotional child victim would differ as a function of camera technique (Balanced Focus vs. Picture-in-Picture). Additionally, we mapped visual focus patterns using Eye Tracking to examine the mediating effects of visual attention for camera perspective effects. Forty-nine participants (20 men and 29 women) volunteered to participate in a between-groups design with camera condition as independent variable. Eye tracking was carried out with a Tobii T120 Eye Tracking device (with automatic bright and dark pupil tracking) and recorded using Tobii Studio 3.0.9 software. Data is currently being analysed and will be presented at the conference.
|
|
| 38. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Looking Closer at the Emotional Child Victim Effect: Eye Tracking and Camera Perspectives
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The 11th meeting of the Nordic Network for Research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Reykjavik (Iceland), October 30-31, 2015.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Child interviews are often video-recorded for further use in a police investigation or an upcoming trial. Considering that police interviews are, in some countries, the only way for children to share their testimony with a court, it is of utmost importance that these video documentation procedures are unbiased. Previous research on camera perspectives in legal settings has demonstrated that visual framing can have substantial effects on judgements regarding suspect confessions. Illusory causation and perceptual registration of incoming information have been put forth as underlying structures for the camera bias phenomenon. The aim for the present study was, thus, to examine if credibility judgements of an emotional child victim would differ as a function of the two most commonly used camera techniques in Sweden (Balanced Focus vs. Picture-in-Picture). Additionally, we mapped visual focus patterns using Eye Tracking to examine the mediating effects of visual attention for camera perspective effects. Fifty-five participants (25 men and 30 women) volunteered to participate in a between-groups design with camera condition as independent variable. Eye tracking was carried out with a Tobii T120 Eye Tracking device and recorded using Tobii Studio 3.0.9 software. Data is currently being analysed and will be presented at the conference.
|
|
| 39. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Maybe you can draw it? The effects of using drawings during investigative interviews with preschoolers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The 15th Meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law, Tallinn, Estonia, September 27-28, 2019.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forensic interviews with preschoolers can be challenging for a variety of reasons. For the last decades, scholars have therefore been interested in examining interviewing techniques and tools intended to improve young children’s witness reports. Drawings constitute one such tool that has shown mixed results with regard to preschool-aged children. The present experiment was designed to investigate how the use of drawings may influence young children’s accounts (in terms of their quantity of details and accuracy) about experienced and non-experienced events in relation to different question types. A total of 115 preschoolers (aged 3 to 6 years) were asked questions about an event involving a pirate visit to their preschool. Of those preschoolers, 80 children had met the pirate and were asked during their interview to either draw the pirate while answering questions (drawing condition) or to just answer the questions verbally (control condition). An additional 30 children who had not met the pirate were interviewed for exploratory purposes about the non-experienced event either by using drawings and answering questions or by questioning alone. The data is currently being analysed and the main findings will be presented at the NNPL meeting. Konferenspresentationen finansierades av Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället i Göteborg
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Preschoolers’ disclosures of a secret: Examining effects of question type and rapport building strategies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 13th Meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law. Katowice, Poland: 22-23 september.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to investigate preschool-aged children’s disclosures of an unfamiliar adult’s transgression. Using a randomised controlled experiment, we examined statements given by preschoolers as a function of two different rapport building interviewing strategies adapted from the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) protocol and the Sequential Interview technique. Although the importance of rapport building during forensic child interviews is often emphasised in the scientific literature, the topic has received little experimental attention. In the present study, we therefore employed a between-subjects design with randomization to two different rapport building strategies. Forty-one preschoolers (aged 3-6 years) participated in an encoding event were a research assistant accidently broke a toy. After a retention interval of approximately 15 minutes, the children were interviewed about the event by one of five trained interviewers. During the rapport building phase, half of the children were asked open-ended questions concerning hobbies the child enjoy (NICHD protocol strategy). The other half were asked to help the interviewer solve and respond to open-ended questions concerning a puzzle (Sequential interview strategy). The children were thereafter asked open-ended (e.g., “Tell me everything that happened in the other room”) and direct questions (e.g., “I heard something happened with a toy, tell me about that”) concerning the encoding event. The data is currently being analysed and preliminary findings will be presented during the NNPL meeting.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Preschoolers’ disclosures of child sexual abuse: Examining corroborated cases from Swedish courts
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 12th Meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law, September 2016, Uppsala.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young victims of child sexual abuse can for a variety of developmental, social, and contextual reasons have difficulties disclosing their experiences. The present project aimed to shed light on preschoolers’ disclosure tendencies by closely examining 57 Swedish court cases of child sexual abuse. All allegations were verified from supporting corroborative evidence (e.g. video-recordings of the abuse, DNA evidence, conclusive medical examinations) and had received a convicting verdict. While the majority of children could provide information about their victimization, their first disclosures were often delayed. A range of barriers could hinder the preschoolers from telling. In line with previous research, the victims were often reluctant during their police interviews. Repeated sessions, focused questions and other reassurances could, however, facilitate this difficult process.
|
|
| 44. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Preschoolers’ disclosures of child sexual abuse: Examining corroborated cases from Swedish courts
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 70, s. 199-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young victims of child sexual abuse can – for a range of developmental, motivational and contextual reasons – have difficulties disclosing their experiences. In the present study, corroborated court cases concerning 57 preschoolers’ disclosures of sexual abuse were examined using qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Together, the cases involved 53 girls and 4 boys between 2–6 years (M = 4.2, SD = 1.2) during the (first) incident of abuse. The children were between 3–7 years (M = 5.3, SD = 1.2) during their police interview. Analyses showed that many children could provide at least one central detail about the abuse to; i) informal disclosure recipients, and ii) during their police interview. However, the time up until their first disclosure was often delayed. A range of barriers for disclosing were observed in the court cases, and many young victims were assessed as reluctant during their police interview. Repeated sessions, direct questions, and other reassurances could at times facilitate the disclosure process. Other suggestions on actions and future research that may help young child abuse victims are discussed.
|
|
| 45. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Preschoolers' Disclosures of Sexual Abuse: A Multiple-Case Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The 9th annual conference of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG), London, United Kingdom, June 22-24, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young victims of child sexual abuse can for a variety of developmental, social, and contextual reasons have difficulties disclosing their experiences. The present project aimed to shed light on preschoolers’ disclosure tendencies by closely examining 57 Swedish court cases of child sexual abuse. All allegations were verified from supporting corroborative evidence (e.g. video-recordings of the abuse, DNA evidence, conclusive medical examinations) and had received a convicting verdict. While the majority of children could provide information about their victimization, their first disclosures were often delayed. A range of barriers could hinder the preschoolers from telling. In line with previous research, the victims were often reluctant during their police interviews. Repeated sessions, focused questions and other reassurances could, however, facilitate this difficult process.
|
|
| 46. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Preschoolers' true and false reports: Comparing effects of the Sequential Interview and NICHD protocol
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 26:1, s. 83-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The current study aimed to examine a Norwegian technique for conducting investigative interviews with preschoolers: the Sequential Interview (SI). The SI advocates for increased initial rapport building and includes a predetermined break before the substantive phase. To explore the potential benefits and risks of the SI, the technique was compared with an adapted version of the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) protocol. Methods. A total of 129 preschoolers (3-6 years) were interviewed with either the SI or NICHD protocol about a self-experienced (Exp. I) or non-experienced (Exp. II) event. Result. For Exp. I, no significant difference was observed across interview conditions in the number of reported details about a self-experienced event. Children interviewed with the SI exhibited a slightly lower accuracy rate compared to those interviewed with the NICHD protocol. For Exp. II, a total of 31.1% of the preschoolers initially assented to remembering a fictive (false) experience and 15.6% gave an account (>40 details) of the non-experienced event. We found no difference between interviewing conditions in assent rates or number of false accounts. Conclusions. The study provides valuable insights into the difficulties involved when interviewing young children. The results showed few differences between the novel SI model and the well-established NICHD protocol. While many preschoolers could provide accurate testimony, some embedded worrisome false details in their narratives. Furthermore, a minority of children gave false reports about non-experienced events when interviewed with the two techniques. Methodological limitations and suggestions for future research will be discussed.
|
|
| 47. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Sanningens roll i utredningar om brott mot barn
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Tidskriften för svensk psykiatri. - Sundsvall : Svenska psykiatriska föreningen, Svenska föreningen för barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, Svenska rättspsykiatriska föreningen. - 1653-8579. ; :2, s. 19-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 48. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexualbrott mot förskolebarn - i domstol
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens 2017. Stockholm: 21 november.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ett pågående forskningsprojekt undersöker vi domstolars bedömningar av 100 förskolebarns utsagor i rättsfall som rör sexualbrott. Vilka tillförlitlighetskriterier lyfts fram i domskälen och hur överensstämmer dessa kriterier med forskning kring hur förskolebarn minns och berättar? I en uppföljande studie granskar vi utsagor från 87 tilltalade som står anklagade för sexualbrott mot förskolebarn. Genom statistiska och kvalitativa analyser studerar vi erkännanden under huvudförhandling. Vi kommer bland annat ta upp resultat kring olika faktorer som predicerar ett erkännande. Därtill presenterar vi en tematisering av de vanligaste alternativa förklaringar som tilltalade ger till anklagelsen.
|
|
| 49. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Smell and Tell: Evoking Past Memories Using a Vanilla Odor
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The 10th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Odors have continuously been identified as effective memory cues to evoke past memories. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate if olfactory exposure during encoding and retrieval could have memory facilitating effects within a forensic context. A 2 (Encoding: odor vs. no odor) x 2 (Retrieval: odor vs. no odor) between-subjects design was employed with 75 adolescents (Experiment I) and 97 undergraduate students (Experiment II). Amount and accuracy of recalled details from a video segment functioned as dependent variables. Both experiments revealed significantly higher accuracy rates for the participants exposed to a vanilla odor during memory retrieval. However, the facilitating effects emerged independent of previous encoding context. Utilizing a pleasant odor may, thus, be beneficial in an investigative interview setting to enhance accuracy. Smelling a pleasant scent during the interview might, in addition, have other positive effects (e.g. rapport building, mood and behavioral effects) on both the interviewer and the interviewee.
|
|
| 50. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Smell and Tell: Evoking Past Memories Using a Vanilla Odour
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The 7th annual conference of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG). Lausanne, Switzerland, 4-6 June 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Odours have continuously been identified as effective memory cues to evoke past memories. The purpose of the present experiment was therefore to investigate if odour exposure during encoding and retrieval would facilitate memory recall. A 2 (Encoding: odour vs. no odour) x 2 (Retrieval: odour vs. no odour) between-subjects design was employed with 75 adolescents (Experiment I) and 97 undergraduate students (Experiment II). Amount and accuracy of recalled details from a video segment functioned as dependent variables. Both experiments showed that participants exposed to a vanilla odour during the memory test had a higher accuracy rate, compared to participants not exposed to vanilla during retrieval. Utilizing a pleasant odour may, thus, be very beneficial in an investigative interview setting. Not only could the odour enhance accuracy, smelling a pleasant scent during an investigative interview might also have positive effects (e.g. rapport building, mood and behavioural effects) on both the interviewer and the interviewee.
|
|
