| 1. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 3. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 4. |
- Wuttke, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:6, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Martin, 1993-
(författare)
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The process of executing digital transformation strategies : Case studies in established Swedish manufacturing firms
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of digital technologies has forced established firms to engage in a digital transformation. Digital transformations are complex and time-consuming processes, and therefore, they require unique strategies for coordinating and prioritizing activities. Existing research provides some examples of established Swedish firms engaging in digital transformations to keep up with competition. Responding to the need to better understand how these firms approach their digital transformation, this thesis explores how digital transformation strategies have been executed by established Swedish manufacturing firms and why some digital transformation strategies are realized whereas others are not.This thesis builds on digital transformation and digital transformation strategy literature. The term "digital transformation" primarily refers to firms’ incorporation of digital technologies into products and services, the development of new digital business models, and new organizational setups. The term "digital transformation strategy," likewise, refers to the process of executing the digital transformation.To answer the research questions presented in this thesis, I conducted two studies at two different firms. Study 1 was an embedded longitudinal single-case study conducted at the corporate unit and two business units of one firm and includes 30 interviews. Study 2 was a multiple-case study conducted at two firms and included six cases and a total of nine interviews.This thesis’ examination of digital transformation strategies demonstrates how the firms incorporated both basic- and advanced-level digital technologies into existing and new products and created new digital services. The firms also implemented new business models, such as e-commerce channels and pay-per-use payment schemes. Further, the firms also introduced new organizational setups, such as cross-functional teams and departments specializing in digital technologies and their potential applications. The execution of the digital transformation strategies was dynamic, and the firms regularly reformulated their strategies throughout the process. Furthermore, this study’s analysis of the execution of digital transformation strategies highlighted how managers interpreted the firm’s intentions and created emergent strategic responses to adapt to new digital technologies and customer demands. The firms measured the outcomes of the digital transformation strategy by considering both traditional measurements, such as return on investment, and new measurements, such as positive brand image and customer engagement.The thesis identified three key elements that impact whether or not a firm is able to realize its digital transformation strategy. First, new digital products and services must be aligned with market demands and customer needs. Second, internal and external collaboration support digital product and service development. Third, all dimensions of the digital transformation must be managed to avoid creating a misalignment between the firm’s digital transformation strategy and current business strategy.The execution of a digital transformation strategy requires managers to constantly reevaluate the strategy and respond to changing customer demands and available digital technologies. The lessons of this thesis can provide managers within digitally transforming firms with useful tools to improve the execution process of their digital transformation strategy.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Christian, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinated policies for electrification of heavy vehicles: a technological innovation systems analysis.
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Less than 10 years ago, Volvo Cars was known for spacious family cars with high levels of safety but fuel consumption well above the EU average. When in 2007, customers started to demand more efficient cars, the company had little to offer and few projects in the pipeline, whereas competitors rapidly launched less-emitting models. Without waiting for formal executive decisions, a team of experienced engineers took the initiative and organized a broad reengineering campaign labeled “DRIVe” (“Drive towards zero”). The basic idea was to build on existing models and platforms and in a very focused process introduce modifications and fuel-saving modules and so launch a low emitting model within less than 12 months. Incentives on various national markets, for example Belgium or the Netherlands were important factors to convince the market organization and get internal acceptance. In 2008, production started of the first DRIVe versions of Volvo’s compact cars with emissions at 119 gram CO2/km, a reduction by 10+ grams. Six months later more advanced versions with start/stop functionality reduced emissions to 104 g/km. DRIVe versions of the larger models followed, and in 2010, production started of a new version of the large V70 DRIVe with fuel consumption reduced to 0.45 l/100 km and emissions to 119 g CO2/km, a 25% improvement. Later in 2010, improved versions S40 and V50 reported emissions at 99 g/km. The flow of rapid reengineering projects continued and in 2014, the team could present the compact V40 model with a new powerful engine, boasting emissions as low as 85gra/km – without the help of any hybrid systems. An important driver of this flow constantly improved models has been the purchasing incentives in the Netherlands which are tightened annually, 88 gram/km in 2013, 85gram/km in 2014, 82gram/km in 2015, etc. Compliance with these levels is critical for success in the Dutch company car segment and has been very effective in setting a target for the DRIVe projects in recent years, and has contributed to Volvo Cars repositioning from fuel consumption well above the EU average to the lowest fuel consumer within its segment. In total, the DRIVe program has delivered 25 improved models from 2008 to 2014. In this paper we analyze its success factors, management particularities and lessons and limitations for other development projects.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Boon, Wouter, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to ‘Markets in sustainability transitions’
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2210-4224 .- 2210-4232. ; 45, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If sustainability transitions research is to be relevant for upscaled diffusion of radical innovations and wide systemic socio-technical changes, then markets remain critical to account for. Founding frameworks in transition studies regard markets and market formation as important. Yet, the conceptualization of markets has so far not been elaborate: markets are mostly pictured as target areas for sustainable innovation and emphasis is on diffusion and user involvement. This special issue aims to unpack the notion of markets and market formation in sustainability transitions. The special issue contains in total 13 papers, which draw on theory from various scientific disciplines, use diverse research approaches, and cover a multitude of contexts. Altogether, the collection of papers stimulates broader theorizing of markets in sustainability transitions and the formulation of an agenda for future studies on markets in sustainability transitions. This editorial paper proposes relevant topics for such a research agenda. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 10. |
- Borghei, Benny Behbood, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Niche aggregation through cumulative learning : A study of multiple electric bus projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - : Elsevier. - 2210-4224 .- 2210-4232. ; 28, s. 108-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to answer the question of how learning processes support niche aggregation. It brings together literature on strategic niche management and theoretical concepts derived from literature on project management and learning in project-based firms to analyze the ongoing standardization efforts for fast-charged electric bus systems in Europe. The analysis suggests that niche aggregation is a cyclical process that depends on two learning processes: knowledge sharing and knowledge accumulation. Whereas knowledge sharing is an interactive process that involves several organizations, knowledge accumulation is an internal organizational learning process that enables firms to move beyond local niche projects and engage in external networks. These learning processes are mutually reinforcing and jointly support niche aggregation.
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| 11. |
- Borghei, Behbood, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Institutionalisation of environmental innovation : joint development of standards, technologies and actor networks in the European heavy duty vehicles sector
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1470-9511 .- 1741-5012. ; 16:4, s. 341-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission standard requirements for toxic air pollution (NOx/PMs) from heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) have been sharply reduced over the past few decades. This paper seeks to explain how such significant reduction has taken place in the European HDV sector. Based on the sectoral systems of innovation framework, this paper sheds light on the commercial vehicles sector, one that is often overlooked in existing literature. The analysis suggests that extensive periods of network formation, coordination and negotiation in the early stages of regulatory process enabled consensus, which in turn made it possible to obtain acceptance for technology-forcing requirements at the industry level. This facilitated enactment and implementation of further stringent emissions standards in later phases. It also explains why OEMs did not resist stringent environmental measures in this sector.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Cavalcante Bernat Junior, Stefan, 1974-
(författare)
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From Approaching to Challenging the Forerunners : A Study of Innovation Capability Building in Brazilian Firms
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innovation capability refers to the ability to continuously innovate. Firms have recognized this ability as the most critical source of innovation performance, firm performance, and sustained competitiveness. In emerging economies, innovation capability is also noted as a significant source of economic development, which can lead to improvements in education, health, and democracy. It is not easy to build innovation capabilities in emerging economies. Unlike firms in developed economies, emerging economy firms (EEFs) lack resources, competencies, and capabilities. They depend on international clusters of innovative suppliers, as critical resources are not readily available within the firm or with other domestic partners. EEFs also face low-quality education, weak institutions, and financial constraints. Although innovation capability building has attracted the interest of scholars over the last decades, the possibilities for developing better explanations of the concept are far from exhausted. The literature in this field still lacks consistency, a comprehensive viewpoint, and efficient operationalization. Moreover, economic slowdowns in several emerging economies reinforce the need to better understand how EEFs build innovation capability. For this purpose, the case study method was applied in the research papers to investigate firms from Brazil, a recognized emerging economy in Latin America. The research included 13 case studies based on 47 interviews and numerous secondary sources. In addition, different levels of analysis, ranging from project to firm to ecosystem, helped to complement and enrich the findings and conclusions. The research shows that EEFs build innovation capability by first learning and accumulating technological capabilities to approach the forerunners. Once the technological gap has been reduced, EEFs continue building their innovation capabilities by sensing the environment, seizing windows of opportunity, reconfiguring existing technological capabilities, managing suppliers and complementors, strategically aligning the technology upgrading, and providing continuous learning to keep their workforce prepared. At this later stage, the goal is to seize opportunities that help EEFs challenge or even overtake the forerunners. Finally, it is especially noteworthy that learning is present throughout the entire process.
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| 14. |
- Dahlgren, Sofia, 1992-
(författare)
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Decision-making and decision support connected to biogas use in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human activities cause many sustainability challenges in the world, which need to be dealt with. One way to decrease the negative impacts related to those challenges is by replacing currently dominating technologies with better, alternative technologies. However, such shifts are not easy to achieve – for example, each new user has to make a decision to start using the technology.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a greater understanding of what the decisions to use alternative technologies are based on and how the decisions can be supported. In order to achieve this aim, the thesis focuses on the decisions of private companies’ and public organizations in Sweden of whether or not to use biogas in Sweden. The thesis is based upon six appended papers, which are used for addressing three research questions: How do biogas compare to other potential alternatives? Why do decision-makers in Sweden find it interesting to use biogas, and what makes them hesitant? And, how can decision support be used in decision-making to deal with complexities connected to biogas decisions?It is concluded that biogas has environmental and social advantages compared to several other renewable alternatives, but that it can be more expensive. The technical maturity of biogas use depends partly upon the usage area – biomethane buses is a mature area while heavy trucks is less mature. Biogas is perceived by decision-makers as a good environmental option and a better long-term solution than several other renewable alternatives since there are investments done and since the policymakers seem positive towards biogas. Public organizations tend to look at the broader positive aspects of biogas, such as energy security and nutrient recovery, while private companies tend to be more focused on biogas as an environmental action that can benefit the image of the company. However, decision-makers can be hesitant towards biogas due to economic or policy aspects or a lack of technical maturity. The decision-makers can also experience a lack of knowledge that makes them uncertain about biogas. Decision support can help the decision-makers in different ways, with different tools being more suitable for different parts of the complexities connected to biogas decisions. Multi-criteria assessments can help the decision-maker focus on several impacts at once and making the decision process transparent for trade-offs, while socio-technical scenarios can help the decision-maker understand how the wanted changes can be realized.
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| 15. |
- Dahlgren, Sofia, 1992-
(författare)
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The role of biogas in a more sustainable energy system in Sweden
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are numerous problems in the world that need to be dealt with in order to achieve sustainable development. The energy system has significant negative impacts on many of these problems, and there is a need for a transition towards more sustainable energy. Sweden has already started this transition and is using large amounts of renewable energy. However, within the transport sector and the manufacturing sector in particular, large amounts of fossil fuels are still used. Biogas is one alternative that can help solve several sustainability problems and that could be part of a future more sustainable energy system. However, it is not certain what biogas is most suitable to be used for.The aim of this thesis is to investigate how biogas should be used in a future more sustainable energy system, by answering three research questions: 1) In what ways can biogas be used in a more sustainable energy system? 2) How can we assess whether biogas is suitable in a specific context? and 3) What determines whether it is easy or difficult for a user to start using biogas? These questions are explored in a Swedish context using four appended articles, which are based on two collaborative projects using a combination of workshops, literature reviews and interviews.Biogas can be used for heat, electricity or fuel in the manufacturing or transport sector. In Sweden, heat and electricity are mainly of interest for smaller production scales, while production on larger scales will likely be dominated by upgrading mostly to CBG but also to LBG. CBG can be used for less energy-intensive purposes, such as cars or buses, while the growing interest in LBG in Sweden may open up new market segments for biogas which are more energy-intensive, such as heavy trucks or shipping, or in geographical locations that are further away from the site of production.Several sustainability assessment methods exist that can be used to evaluate whether biogas is suitable in a specific context, such as multi-criteria assessments or scenario analyses. These methods can include a number of different aspects that are relevant to biogas use, such as GHG emissions, safety issues, and the vitality of the surrounding region. In order to introduce biogas, six main factors were identified that can make this easier or more difficult: technical maturity, tank volume, distance between the producer and the user, scale of energy use, policies and costs, and strategies of individual organizations.Overall, the rise in LBG production creates new opportunities for biogas use in both geographical and usage areas that did not previously use biogas. There is no simple answer to what biogas should be used for in the future – rather, this depends on the circumstances. It is also possible that the usage areas that are most suitable now for biogas might not be the most suitable areas in the future, depending on developments within, for example, the electricity system and hydrogen. However, CBG and LBG are likely to dominate biogas production in Sweden until then.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Eco-innovations : a novel phenomenon?
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Product Design. - 1367-6679 .- 1573-1588. ; :7, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has generally been accepted that in order to reach sustainability, significant changes will have to take place. Eco-innovations ie. new products and processes providing customer value, while using less resources and resulting in reduced environmental impacts, are therefore of great importance. On the basis of selected parts of the existing innovation theory, this article explores the eco-innovation phenomenon. The theory is used to analyse two examples of ecoinnovation; the struggle between steel and aluminium to the application of light weight car bodies, and the development of lawn mowers with improved environmental performance. The analysis shows that innovation theory is useful for creating a better understanding of the concept and development of eco-innovations. It is therefore concluded that the innovation theory should be part of the frame of reference when analysing and managing eco-innovations.
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| 19. |
- Kanda, Wisdom, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy coherence in a fragmented context : the case of biogas systems in Brazil
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy mixes are needed to overcome the different barriers hindering sustainability transitions. This creates the need for policy coherence. Policy coherence studies in sustainability transitions literature are dominated by European cases, limiting their generalizability. This article analyzes policy mixes related to biogas systems and their related coherence issues, and, how that influences biogas production and use in Brazil. We identified policy coherence within and between biogas related sectors and over time, showing how the pre-conditions for biogas production, distribution and use differ considerably between the Brazilian states. This points to a need for decentralized governance structures to enable policy differentiation, as a complement to policy coherence. The article concludes that the characteristics of biogas systems as being locally embedded constitutes a challenge in hierarchical market economies such as Brazil, where policy development, resource mobilization and allocation are highly centralized.
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| 20. |
- Kauppi, Wivica, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital predictors of an adverse outcome among patients with dyspnoea as the main symptom assessed by prehospital emergency nurses- a retrospective observational study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-227X. ; 20:89, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dyspnoea is one of the most common reasons for patients contacting emergency medical services (EMS). Pre-hospital Emergency Nurses (PENs) are independently responsible for advanced care and to meet thesepatients individual needs. Patients with dyspnoea constitute a complex group, with multiple different final diagnoses and with a high risk of death. This study aimed to describe on-scene factors associated with an increased risk of a time-sensitive final diagnosis and the risk of death.Methods: A retrospective observational study including patients aged ≥16 years, presenting mainly with dyspnoea was conducted. Patients were identified thorough an EMS database, and were assessed by PENs in the southwestern part of Sweden during January to December 2017. Of 7260 missions (9% of all primary missions), 6354 were included. Among those, 4587 patients were randomly selected in conjunction with adjusting for uniquepatients with single occasions. Data were manually collected through both EMS- and hospital records and final diagnoses were determined through the final diagnoses verified in hospital records. Analysis was performed usingmultiple logistic regression and multiple imputations.Results: Among all unique patients with dyspnoea as the main symptom, 13% had a time-sensitive final diagnosis. The three most frequent final time-sensitive diagnoses were cardiac diseases (4.1% of all diagnoses), infectious/inflammatory diseases (2.6%), and vascular diseases (2.4%). A history of hypertension, renal disease, symptoms of pain, abnormal respiratory rate, impaired consciousness, a pathologic ECG and a short delay until call for EMS were associated with an increased risk of a time-sensitive final diagnosis. Among patients with time-sensitive diagnoses, approximately 27% died within 30 days. Increasing age, a history of renal disease, cancer, low systolic bloodpressures, impaired consciousness and abnormal body temperature were associated with an increased risk of death.Conclusions: Among patients with dyspnoea as the main symptom, age, previous medical history, deviating vital signs, ECG pattern, symptoms of pain, and a short delay until call for EMS are important factors to consider in the prehospital assessment of the combined risk of either having a time-sensitive diagnosis or death.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lakemond, Nicolette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Interfaces between technology development, product development and production : critical factors and a conceptual model
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning (IJTIP). - 1740-2832 .- 1740-2840. ; 3:4, s. 317-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interfaces between technology development, product development, and production must be managed in order to avoid misfits between technology and product concepts and ensure the fit of the product design and the production process. In this paper, critical challenges related to these interfaces are studied based on in-depth case studies of ten product development projects at five manufacturing firms, two workshops and a questionnaire. Our findings indicate that factors related to synchronisation and transfer management are most critical. A tentative model is formulated as an instrument to reduce risk and uncertainty related to the interfaces.
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| 25. |
- Magnusson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Enrichment of Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters from Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients
- 2024
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 96:18, s. 6914-6921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There are important unmet clinical needs to develop cell enrichment technologies to enable unbiased label-free isolation of both single cell and clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) manifesting heterogeneous lineage specificity. Here, we report a pilot study based on the microfluidic acoustophoresis enrichment of CTCs using the CellSearch CTC assay as a reference modality.METHODS: Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to separate cells based on biomechanical properties (size, density, and compressibility), resulting in inherently label-free and epitope-independent cell enrichment. Following red blood cell lysis and paraformaldehyde fixation, 6 mL of whole blood from 12 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 20 healthy controls were processed with acoustophoresis and subsequent image cytometry.RESULTS: Acoustophoresis enabled enrichment and characterization of phenotypic CTCs (EpCAM +, Cytokeratin +, DAPI +, CD45 -/CD66b -) in all patients with metastatic prostate cancer and detected CTC-clusters composed of only CTCs or heterogeneous aggregates of CTCs clustered with various types of white blood cells in 9 out of 12 patients. By contrast, CellSearch did not detect any CTC clusters, but detected comparable numbers of phenotypic CTCs as acoustophoresis, with trends of finding a higher number of CTCs using acoustophoresis. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data indicate that acoustophoresis provides excellent possibilities to detect and characterize CTC clusters as a putative marker of metastatic disease and outcomes. Moreover, acoustophoresis enables the sensitive label-free enrichment of cells with epithelial phenotypes in blood and offers opportunities to detect and characterize CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning and lineage plasticity.
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| 26. |
- Magnusson, Joel, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of electron-beam energy chirp on signatures of radiation reaction in laser-based experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. - 2469-9888. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current experiments investigating radiation reaction employ high energy electron beams together with tightly focused laser pulses in order to reach the quantum regime, as expressed through the quantum nonlinearity parameter χ. Such experiments are often complicated by the large number of latent variables, including the precise structure of the electron bunch. Here we examine a correlation between the electron spatial and energy distributions, called an energy chirp, investigate its significance to the laser-electron beam interaction and show that the resulting effect cannot be trivially ignored when analyzing current experiments. In particular, we show that the energy chirp has a large effect on the second central moment of the electron energy, but a lesser impact on the first electron energy moment or the photon critical energy. These results show the importance of improved characterization and control over electron bunch parameters on a shot-to-shot basis in such experiments.
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| 27. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural or modular innovation? Managing discontinuous product development in response to challenging environmental performance targets
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - London : Imperial collage press. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 7:1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By adopting challenging targets on environmental performance, pro-active industrial firms may push themselves towards discontinuous product innovation. Such innovation can be understood as being either architectural, i.e. arranging components in new ways, or modular, i.e. introducing new technologies in specific components or subsystems. We argue that these two dimensions of discontinuous change call for some specific managerial responses. Architectural innovation challenges the whole engineering organisation, making it necessary to focus development efforts on technological interfaces, whereas modular innovation has a more isolated effect, making specialisation and co-ordination over organisational boundaries particularly important. Altogether, our analysis highlights the importance of adapting the project organisation to the development task and addressing part-whole relationships when managing innovation in established products and systems, something that becomes increasingly important in the strive towards sustainable development.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Circular economy, varieties of capitalism and technology diffusion : Anaerobic digestion in Sweden and Paraná
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a circular economy relies on systems that facilitate waste recovery and recirculation of resources. These systems are based on certain enabling technologies. The aim of this paper is to explain how socio-economic structures influence the diffusion of such technologies. It applies a framework built on societal embedding and varieties of capitalism to compare the diffusion of anaerobic digestion (AD) in Sweden in northern Europe and Paraná in southern Brazil. Both Sweden and Paraná have experienced accelerated diffusion of AD, but there are significant differences in the respective diffusion patterns. The comparative analysis points to a tradeoff between system complexity and speed of diffusion. It illustrates how AD can be presented as a solution to various problems, and it further shows how the specific problems that gain attention shape diffusion patterns. By showing how socio-economic structures influence the appointment of problem owners, their agency, and legitimate forms of institutional support, the analysis demonstrates how economic systems condition technology diffusion.
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| 30. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Competing innovationsystems and the need for redeployment in sustainability transitions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 126, s. 217-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to sustainability transitions theories, innovation policies should create protective spaces (‘niches’) for promising new technologies. Moreover they should support a cumulative process of market formation and growth. Based on results from comparative case studies of two competing technological innovation systems for heavy transport (biogas and electrification), this paper argues that these recommendations are contradictory when technology alternatives with different degrees of maturity compete for the same niche. Should innovation policies open up the niche for the promising but immature alternative, or should they continue to support the technology that already has attained a niche position? If this contradiction remains unsolved, there is a risk for conflicts that block the progress of both alternatives. The paper suggests that there is a need for differentiated policies to resolve the contraction. In order to facilitate further development of both systems, the paper suggests that niche nurturing for immature systems needs to be combined with redeployment into new market segments for more mature systems.
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| 31. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualisations of incumbent firms in sustainability transitions : Insights from organisation theory and a systematic literature review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 32:2, s. 903-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the tradition of using opposing concepts as a basis for organisational analysis, this article advances a theory-based understanding of incumbent firms in sustainability transitions. Building on seminal transition studies, we propose innovating/defending and collaborating/competing as two useful spectra to describe organisational behaviours in transitions. Presenting the automotive industry as an explanatory case, we show results from a systematic literature review that reveal motives for diverging behaviours. Combining the spectra into a 2 × 2 matrix, we then introduce four conceptualisations to explain the observed motives and behaviours. The conceptualisations are associated with different streams of organisation theory: dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view, resource-dependence theory, neo-institutional theory and theories on organisational learning and path dependence. Referring to organisational ambidexterity, value configurations and political arenas, we conclude that transitions research can reach a more multifaceted understanding by challenging the prevailing notion of the firm as a coherent actor. © 2022 The Authors. Business Strategy and The Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 32. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-
(författare)
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Eco-design and product innovation : managing incremental and radical change for environmental compliance
- 2000
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about firms determined to gain competitive advantages from environmental demands, about the efforts of engineers employed with the challenge of fulfilling environmental performance targets and about the management and organisation of product development. It is about incremental change, built on established technological knowledge, as well as about radical technological change. In the title, the nation of "environmental compliance" has a dual meaning. It implies that industrial organisations have to comply with ecological constraints, but also that they have to comply more generally with contextual factors such as competition, technology, customer preferences and market characteristics. However to avoid confusion, "environment" will henceforth be used to describe the ecological aspects, which is the traditional meaning of this term in environmental management and eco-design literature.
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| 33. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Elektrifierade tunga fordon i stadstrafik. : Kapitel i ”Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet”, Energimyndighetens rapportserie 2014:23
- 2015
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Ingår i: Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet. - Stockholm : Energimyndigheten. ; , s. 156-192
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Elektromobilitet är ett vittfamnande begrepp. Det kan täcka in ett stort antal fordonstyper och tillverkare, en diversifierad tjänstesektor, liksom nya principer för stads- och trafikplanering. Denna rapport är avgränsad till elektrifiering av tunga fordon: bussar och lastbilar. Den inkluderar därmed inte elektrifiering av personbilar (eller elcyklar/elskotrar). Elektrifierade personbilar betra ktas istället som ett angränsande och ibland delvis överlappande system, som framför allt kan användas för jämförelser. Elbilar är förvisso ett dynamiskt område men drivs nästan helt av ett antal stora batteri- och biltillverkare utanför Sverige: både nyaföretag som Tesla Motors och volymtillverkare som GM, Nissan-Renault och BMW. Svenskbaserade biltillverkare deltar med viss framgång – försäljningen av Volvo Cars laddbara premiumhybrid som utvecklades tillsammans med Vattenfallhar överträffat förväntningarna – men svenska företag har små möjligheter att påverka den övergripande teknik- och marknadsutvecklingen. Genom den internationella teknikutvecklingen har kostnaderna för elektrifierade personbilar kraftigt sänkts under senare år, och det finns nu ett stort antal serietillverkade modeller på marknaden. Räckvidd och laddtider är nackdelar för de flesta elbilar, men förbättras kontinuerligt. Standarder har etablerats för infrastruktur, t.ex. snabbladdare, och även här sänks kostnaden fortlöpande.
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| 34. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ensuring protection and competitiveness : Characteristics of market formation for biogas
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and research questionPresenting possible solutions to environmental problems such as air quality, greenhouse gases, nutrient recirculation, organic waste and wastewater management, biogas is highly relevant for sustainability transitions. Besides biogas producers, the production and use of biogas engages actors from several sectors, including energy and gas distribution, waste management and wastewater treatment, agriculture, vehicles and transport.The formation of markets for biogas depends on policy interventions at different levels, from the local municipality via the national government to the EU commission. By contrast to other European countries, which tend to subsidize biogas production, the Swedish government has the intention to stimulate demand and to favor the use of purified biogas (biomethane) as a vehicle fuel. While biomethane currently has a strong position as an alternative to fossil fuels in certain niches (notably public transport buses), the Swedish biogas sector faces challenges to reach beyond these narrow market segments.Adopting a market constructivist perspective, this paper will analyze the formation of markets for biogas in Sweden. The following research question will guide the analysis: What characterizes market formation in this case and based on that, what is possible to learn about market formation in relation to sustainability transitions? TheoryMarketing scholars increasingly consider market formation as on-going processes, which a multitude of actors influence through their strategies, activities and capabilities. To understand market formation it is therefore necessary to analyze activities among a wider array of actors than merely producers and their (potential) customers.Following a constructivist perspective, the offer is a core element in market formation. The offer describes the meanings and qualifications that actors impose on the object that is for sale. These meanings and qualifications constitute boundaries between actors and goods. Different actors engage to define the object, as well as its meanings, qualifications and potential value. Without a clear view of what is being exchanged, market formation will be difficult. Market formation also includes institutions that set boundaries and rules for the market. These are neither static, nor pre-conceived; instead, they are shaped and acted upon. Actors influence institutions through dynamic and interactive processes. MethodThe paper combines quantitative and qualitative sources of data to study the Swedish biogas sector. The paper presents detailed data on production and use of biogas in Sweden 2010-2017. This quantitative data is complemented by qualitative data from interviews with representatives from key actors as well as secondary data from industry reports and other written sources. FindingsThe multitude of actors involved complicates market formation for biogas. Different meanings and qualifications are attributed to the offer. Whereas it is possible to perceive biogas as a relatively simple product – a fuel – it is also possible to perceive it as a complex system that may help solving various societal and environmental problems. Different perceptions of the offer have different implications for market formation. Depicting biogas as a complex system implies that the offer will comprise a number of different qualifications. The realization of such a complex system depends on the bonding of various actors. Once established, the bonds will protect biogas from competition. By contrast, depicting biogas as a fuel means that the value of biogas will be assessed in relation to fuel prices. Qualification will thus depend on cost competitiveness vis-a-vis other fuels.Our analysis suggests that although the contrasting perceptions of biogas cause tensions between the actors involved, the different qualifications complement each other in the market formation process. Various environmental and societal benefits makes it possible for actors argue for institutional reforms to help biogas become cost competitive, and increased competitiveness makes it attractive to establish new biogas systems.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Entering an era of ferment : radical vs incrementalist strategies in automotive power train development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 23:3, s. 313-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incremental improvement of a deeply embedded technology system has been a hallmark of the automotive industry for a very long time. Efforts to develop alternatives have repeatedly failed. This paper analyses how Toyota started to challenge this pattern in the late 1990s, by the architectural innovation embodied in Prius, the first mass-produced hybrid-electric car. This is followed by an account of how key competitors reacted by accelerating their incremental innovation efforts, in an era when concerns over fuel prices and greenhouse gas emissions increased demand for environmentally sound vehicles. The paper builds on records of patenting and performance of actually marketed models to analyse the unfolding technology competition. It also considers the most probable technologies on the market in a 10–12 year timeframe, and further explains how different technoogy strategies put competing firms in different positions in an era of ferment.
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| 37. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental innovation in auto development : managing technological uncertainty within strict time limits
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. - 0143-3369 .- 1741-5314. ; 26:2-3, s. 101-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing industry is facing increasingly stringent demands on environmental compliance and the auto industry is particularly exposed to pressure from public and authorities in this area. The purpose of this article is to provide an empirical analysis on how the application of new technologies in order to comply with environmental demands may change the product development process within the auto industry. Experiences from the development of Toyota Prius, the worlds first mass-produced car based on a hybrid power train, are presented and analysed. The analysis shows that technological uncertainty made it necessary to move beyond the prevailing lean product development approach. The article concludes by suggesting a strategy consisting of three fundamental elements in order to control technological uncertainty in innovative and time-focused product development projects up-front testing, intense horizontal communication, and clear and challenging objectives.
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| 38. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolving schemes of interpretation : Investigating the dual role of architectures in new product development
- 2017
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Ingår i: R&D Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0033-6807 .- 1467-9310. ; 47:1, s. 36-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Should product architectures be considered inputs to – or outputs from – new product development (NPD)? Whereas the mirroring hypothesis suggests the former, NPD stage-models suggests the latter. Elaborating on these conflicting propositions, this paper analyses the relationships between product architectures and development processes in NPD projects. The analysis demonstrates how project managers use product architectures to interpret their tasks and devise appropriate responses to perceived challenges. Thus, architectures provide useful linkages between knowledge development and organizational change in R&D organizations.
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| 39. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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From CoPS to mass production? Capabilities and innovation in power generation equipment manufacturing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 14:1, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a case study of small, distributed electrical power generators, representing a potential substitute for large power plants, and raises questions regarding the ability of established manufacturers to manage this kind of technological transition. The analysis demonstrates that the step from experimental R&D to commercial production is particularly difficult for the incumbents. This observation is explained by showing that whereas manufacturing of large power plants rests upon extensive systems integration capabilities, distributed generators are based on a 'plug-and-play' logic. © ICC Association 2005, all rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
From niches to local and global market formation : The qualification of the Swedish biogas sector
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper presents a case study of market formation for biogas in Sweden and analyses the case with concepts derived from literature on socio-technical transitions and business-to-business marketing. Based on the case study analysis, the paper outlines two different models that describe market formation processes for renewable energy technologies: a local model and a global model. Different perspectives on the market offer, different actors involved, and different institutional dynamics characterize these models. The models do not necessarily describe different stages in the market formation process. Rather, they describe different patterns by which the market for renewable energy alternatives may grow.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial ecology and the boundaries of the manufacturing firm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 23:5, s. 1211-1225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decisions on organizational boundaries are critical aspects of manufacturing firms’ business strategies. This article brings together concepts and findings from industrial ecology and business strategy in order to understand how manufacturing firms engage in initiatives to facilitate recycling of process wastes. Based on a distinction between waste recovery and use of the recovered resources, the article introduces a typology of four different strategies: Closed, Outsourcing, Diversification, and Open. Each strategy has a unique set of organizational boundaries and is associated with different motives and benefits for the manufacturing firm. The typology of strategies provides a conceptual contribution to assist industrial managers in strategic decision-making, and to support further studies on organizational boundaries in industrial ecology research.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-
(författare)
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Managerial challenges in environmental innovation : case studies in the electrical equipment and automotive sectors
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a compilation of five papers that analyse and discuss the managerial challenge of environmental innovation. Environmental innovation seeks to integrate environmental features into products and thus bring new products with better environmental performance to the market. The dissertation reports on three case studies within the electrical equipment and automotive sectors. The first case refers to development of an innovative new gasoline-electric hybrid power train; the second case refers to the development of a new industrial gas turbine, comprising advanced new burner technology; and the third case describes the introduction of new technology for small-scale distributed electricity generation. On the basis of concepts and theoretical models derived from literature on innovation management, the dissertation offers two alternative ways to conceptualise environmental innovation. Firstly, environmental innovation is conceptualised as product development. This is useful to analyse the inner dynamics of R&D organisations and it hightlights the need to adapt organisations and managerial practices to the specific requirements of the development task. Secondly, environmental innovation is conceptualised as the introduction of new technology. Here, two alternative perspectives are discussed. The incumbents' perspective illustrates that environmental innovation may be perceived as a potential threat for existing manufacturers within the established industry and it is used to discuss their strategic responses. The entrants' perspective shows how the definition of early markets and applications is complicated for suppliers who are engaged in environmental innovation. The dissertation argues that environmental innovation is characterised by extensive complexity both in terms of technological complexity and complexity in shaping of demands on technological progress. It concludes that is is important for managers to create an ability to deal with complexity. Based on empirical findings, three possible approaches are outlined: simplification, interaction and experimentation.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilevel governance and innovation system functionality : Hybrid-electric vehicle technology in Sweden 1990-2009
- 2012
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Ingår i: Paving the road to sustainable transport. - : Routledge. - 9780415683609 ; , s. 179-199
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book analyzes how the governance of innovation can foster sustainability. The quest for innovation is consistently at the top of the agenda for policy makers around the globe, on the supra-national level, as well as for the nation states and all the way down to debates in local governance and policy boards. At the same time, sustainability is a core feature of this dialogue in creating, diffusing and using technologies and products so that human needs can be met, while unnecessary natural resources are not being used or destroyed. Based on these premises and given the complexity of sustainable innovation, there is an ever growing recognition among policy makers, industries and analysts that the development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals such as climate change mitigation and resource efficiency. Such governance does not necessarily mean orchestration, imposing regulation or other policy measures in a top-down manner. Governance can be facilitated through a number of means and by various actors and different levels. This book presents a view of governance that involves almost all types of actors related to any specific sector or field."--"This book is about how societies around the world can accelerate innovation in sustainable transport. It examines the relationship between policy change and the development of technological innovations in low carbon vehicle technologies, including biofuels, hybrid-electric vehicles, electric vehicles and fuel cells. Examining this relationship across countries and regions that are leaders in vehicle manufacturing and innovation, such as the European Union, Germany, Sweden, China, Japan, Korea and USA, the books aims to learn lessons about policy and innovation performance"--
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| 48. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Planned or experience-based processes for eco-design innovation : exploring product development driven by environmental performance targets
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management. - 1466-2132 .- 1741-511X. ; 1:1/2, s. 164-178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eco-design research suggests that environmental considerations should be integrated with product development with no or only minor changes to existing development processes. These processes are expected to be systematic, predictable and thoroughly planned. This paper explores if this assumption is still valid when requirements on environmental performance call for more innovative product development. An analytic model is derived from innovation management literature and used to analyse the development of a new industrial gas turbine, a project for which challenging emission level targets meant that new combustion technology had to be applied. The main conclusion is that the application of new technology is followed by changes of the development process, meaning that development becomes guided by real-time experiences rather than by formal plans.
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| 49. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-technical scenarios and local practice – Assessing the future use of fossil-free alternatives in a regional energy and transport system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents results from a project involving local practitioners in the construction of scenarios for a regional energy and transport system. The purpose is to demonstrate how sustainability transitions research can interact with local practice by means of socio-technical scenarios. Combining quantitative data with qualitative storylines, the article presents four scenarios, which describe different ways of using biogas, biodiesel and electricity in four different applications: city buses, inter-city buses, heavy-duty trucks and industrial processes. The article compares the four scenarios in terms of realization possibilities, energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction. Focusing on near-term realization on a commercial basis, the research findings suggest that collaborative scenario construction can be a useful strategy to manage conflicting agendas and engage key stakeholders in dialogues on transition pathways. The article concludes by presenting policy lessons for practice-oriented transition management. The lessons point to the importance of flexibility in system delineations, the critical timing of near-term scenarios, and the use of scenarios to outline local practitioners’ agency. © 2020 The Authors
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| 50. |
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