| 1. |
- Leksell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Oral Health and Care of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : A Qualitative Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 29:3, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To increase knowledge about how children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) perceive their oral health and dental care. Methods: Fifteen interviews with children diagnosed with JIA, aged 6 to 16 years, were analyzed according to classical grounded theory. Results: The children's main concern about their oral health was identified as creating a positive identity after being diagnosed with JIA and learning to live with oral health problems. While attempting to cope with this concern, the children often endured in silence, the core category in the analysis. A variety of aspects were found of this core coping strategy, which were categorized as differentiating from the disease, working on personal caretaking and positive attitude, fighting fears and sadness, control of professional aid, and building supportive relationships. The results emphasize the importance for caregivers to show empathy and interest in the child as a person, to ask precise questions when taking case histories so the child does not remain silent, to provide psychosocial support and suggest positive coping strategies, to describe and administer treatments, and to give hope for the future. Conclusion: Awareness of the social interaction between a child diagnosed with JIA and health professionals as well as awareness of how to approach a child with longstanding illness are crucial for disclosing and treating the child's orofacial symptoms.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ahlgren, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Metaphor in education : A multilingual and Scandinavian perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metaphor and the Social World. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2210-4070 .- 2210-4097. ; 11:2, s. 196-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This special issue explores the use of metaphor in education from a multilingual perspective in two Scandinavian countries, Norway and Sweden. Inthis introduction, we include a brief overview of earlier research in thedomain and identify common factors noteworthy to discuss in relation tothe multilingual context, for instance, the notion of creativity and speakerlegitimacy in a second language context. The issue includes six articles comprising multilingual school children, youth, university students, adultmigrants, and indigenous minorities. Several of the articles focus on secondlanguage acquisition, use and assessment, while others deal more withsocial issues, including unequal power relations and prejudices that newcomers encounter in everyday life.
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| 4. |
- Ahlgren, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Second half part of the apple : Friendship metaphors in second language writing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Metaphor and the Social World. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2210-4070 .- 2210-4097. ; 11:2, s. 279-301
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the use of friendship metaphors in texts by adult second language writers, in relation to the occurrence and function of metaphor and the writers’ discursive constructions of identity. The texts come from the final assessment in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI), a language program in basic Swedish. The analysis confirmed the initial assumption that the emotional and existentially loaded theme of friendship allows for the use of metaphor. The results also showed that the experience of writers as newcomers in Sweden played out in the metaphors that were used and their contexts.In order to categorize the found metaphors, a model was developed to show how systematic metaphors reflect functions and values related to three thematic categories: guidance and help, belonging and inclusion, and sharing and solidarity. For several metaphors, the metaphoricity was created through novel and unidiomatic wording, i.e. a kind of neologism that can be considered a communication strategy.The importance of using universal and abstract themes in language testing is emphasized, to enable second language writers to express different facets of experience and knowledge through existential thoughts and attitudes – not only as language learners and newcomers but also as social agents who create and keep transnational relations through friends.
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| 5. |
- Ahmad, Shafqat, et al.
(författare)
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Gene × physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 9:7, s. 1003607-1003607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibility loci were genotyped or imputed in 111,421 participants. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated alleles of each genetic variant. Physical activity was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and physical activity on BMI were tested in linear and logistic regression models in each cohort, with adjustment for age, age(2), sex, study center (for multicenter studies), and the marginal terms for physical activity and the GRS. These results were combined using meta-analysis weighted by cohort sample size. The meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant GRS × physical activity interaction effect estimate (Pinteraction = 0.015). However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, Pinteraction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, Pinteraction = 0.275 for Europeans). In secondary analyses, both the FTO rs1121980 (Pinteraction = 0.003) and the SEC16B rs10913469 (Pinteraction = 0.025) variants showed evidence of SNP × physical activity interactions. This meta-analysis of 111,421 individuals provides further support for an interaction between physical activity and a GRS in obesity disposition, although these findings hinge on the inclusion of cohorts from North America, indicating that these results are either population-specific or non-causal.
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| 6. |
- Ahmad, Shafqat, et al.
(författare)
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Gene x physical activity interactions in obesity : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 9:7, s. e1003607-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibility loci were genotyped or imputed in 111,421 participants. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by summing the BMI-associated alleles of each genetic variant. Physical activity was assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and physical activity on BMI were tested in linear and logistic regression models in each cohort, with adjustment for age, age(2), sex, study center (for multicenter studies), and the marginal terms for physical activity and the GRS. These results were combined using meta-analysis weighted by cohort sample size. The meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant GRS x physical activity interaction effect estimate (P-interaction = 0.015). However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, P-interaction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, P-interaction = 0.275 for Europeans). In secondary analyses, both the FTO rs1121980 (P-interaction = 0.003) and the SEC16B rs10913469 (P-interaction = 0.025) variants showed evidence of SNP x physical activity interactions. This meta-analysis of 111,421 individuals provides further support for an interaction between physical activity and a GRS in obesity disposition, although these findings hinge on the inclusion of cohorts from North America, indicating that these results are either population-specific or non-causal.
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| 7. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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SweGen : a whole-genome data resource of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 25:11, s. 1253-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe the SweGen data set, a comprehensive map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. These data represent a basic resource for clinical genetics laboratories as well as for sequencing-based association studies by providing information on genetic variant frequencies in a cohort that is well matched to national patient cohorts. To select samples for this study, we first examined the genetic structure of the Swedish population using high-density SNP-array data from a nation-wide cohort of over 10 000 Swedish-born individuals included in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 1000 individuals, reflecting a cross-section of the population and capturing the main genetic structure, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Analysis pipelines were developed for automated alignment, variant calling and quality control of the sequencing data. This resulted in a genome-wide collection of aggregated variant frequencies in the Swedish population that we have made available to the scientific community through the website https://swefreq.nbis.se. A total of 29.2 million single-nucleotide variants and 3.8 million indels were detected in the 1000 samples, with 9.9 million of these variants not present in current databases. Each sample contributed with an average of 7199 individual-specific variants. In addition, an average of 8645 larger structural variants (SVs) were detected per individual, and we demonstrate that the population frequencies of these SVs can be used for efficient filtering analyses. Finally, our results show that the genetic diversity within Sweden is substantial compared with the diversity among continental European populations, underscoring the relevance of establishing a local reference data set.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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Att se barn som anhöriga - om beroende i relationer, interventioner och omsorgsansvar : Antologi
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barn föds anhöriga och växer upp som anhöriga till föräldrar och syskon och andra viktiga personer i familjen. I dessa relationer har minderåriga barn sin trygghet och tillitsbas att bygga sitt liv på. Omvänt får de svårigheter som drabbar föräldrar och syskon konsekvenser också för barn. Vilka är dessa konsekvenser och hur kan vi förstå barns anhörigskap? Vilka roller kan barnet ha i sin familj? När behöver barn och föräldrar stöd och hur?
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Blank Savukinas, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Smad7 promotes self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 108:13, s. 4246-4254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Smad-signaling pathway downstream of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily of ligands is an evolutionarily conserved signaling circuitry with critical functions in a wide variety of biologic processes. To investigate the role of this pathway in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we have blocked Smad signaling by retroviral gene transfer of the inhibitory Smad7 to murine HSCs. We report here that the self-renewal capacity of HSCs is promoted in vivo upon blocking of the entire Smad pathway, as shown by both primary and secondary bone marrow (BM) transplantations. Importantly, HSCs overexpressing Smad7 have an unperturbed differentiation capacity as evidenced by normal contribution to both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, suggesting that the Smad pathway regulates self-renewal independently of differentiation. Moreover, phosphorylation of Smads was inhibited in response to ligand stimulation in BM cells, thus verifying impairment of the Smad-signaling cascade in Smad7-overexpressing cells. Taken together, these data reveal an important and previously unappreciated role for the Smad-signaling pathway in the regulation of self-renewal of HSCs in vivo.
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| 14. |
- Cabric, Sanja, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring of vascular endothelial growth factor to surface-immobilized heparin on pancreatic islets : implications for stimulating islet angiogenesis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tissue engineering. Part A. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-3341 .- 1937-335X. ; 16:3, s. 961-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In pancreatic islet transplantation, early revascularization is necessary for long-term graft function. We have shown in in vitro and in vivo models that modification with surface-attached heparin protects the islets from acute attack by the innate immune system of the blood following intraportal islet transplantation. In this study, we have investigated the ability of an immobilized conjugate composed of heparin to bind the angiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) as a means of attracting endothelial cells (ECs) to induce angiogenesis and revascularization. We analyzed the capacity of VEGF-A to bind to immobilized heparin and how this affected the proliferation and adherence of ECs to both artificial glass surfaces and islets. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and slot-blot demonstrated the binding of VEGF-A to heparin-coated surfaces upon which ECs showed protein-dependent proliferation. Also, ECs cultured on heparin-coated glass surfaces exhibited effects upon focal contacts. Heparinized islets combined with VEGF-A demonstrated unaffected insulin release. Further, covering islets with heparin also increased the adhesion of ECs to the islet surface. Immobilized heparin on the islet surface may be a useful anchor molecule for achieving complete coverage of islets with angiogenic growth factors, ultimately improving islet revascularization and engraftment in pancreatic islet transplantation.
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| 15. |
- Duprez, Ida Rasmusson, et al.
(författare)
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Preparatory studies of composite mesenchymal stem cell islets for application in intraportal islet transplantation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 116:1, s. 8-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background. Low engraftment and adverse immune reactions hamper the success rate of clinical islet transplantation. In this study, we investigated the capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adhere to human islets of Langerhans and their effects in immune modulation and during blood interactions in vitro. Methods. Composite MSC-islets were formed by suspension co-culture, and the phenotype was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Islet function was assessed by dynamic insulin release in response to glucose in vitro. Mixed lymphocyte-islet reactions (MLIR) and the tubing blood loop model were utilized as in vitro tools to analyse the effect of MSCs on the innate and adaptive immune reactions triggered by the islets. Results. MSCs rapidly adhered to islets and spread out to cover the islet surface. Insulin expression and secretion were sustained with the MSC coating. MSC-coated islets showed unaffected reactions with blood in vitro in comparison to control islets. Furthermore, MSCs suppressed lymphocyte proliferation induced by islet cells in MLIR. Conclusion. We conclude that it is possible to create composite MSC-islets to enable delivery of the MSCs by utilizing the adhesive capacity of the MSCs. This could have beneficial immunosuppressive effects in optimizing pancreatic islet transplantation.
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| 16. |
- Ekvall Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Gait flexibility among older persons significantly more impaired in fallers than non-fallers-a longitudinal study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:13, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gait disorders are a relevant factor for falls and possible to measure with wearable devices. If a wearable sensor can detect differences in gait parameters between fallers and non-fallers has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to measure and compare gait parameters, vestibular function, and balance performance between fallers and non-fallers among a group of older persons. Participants were senior members (n = 101) of a Swedish non-profit gymnastic association. Gait parameters were obtained using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that the participants wore on the leg while walking an obstacle course and on an even surface. Vestibular function was assessed by the Head-shake test, the Head impulse test, and the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Balance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go, the Timed Up and Go manual, and the Timed Up and Go cognitive tests. Falls during the 12-month follow-up period were monitored using fall diaries. Forty-two persons (41%) had fallen during the 12-month follow-up. Fallers had more limited ability to vary their gait (gait flexibility) than non-fallers (p < 0.001). No other differences between fallers and non-fallers were found. The use of gait flexibility, captured by an IMU, seems better for identifying future fallers among healthy older persons than Timed Up and Go or Timed Up and Go combined with a cognitive or manual task.
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| 17. |
- Ekvall Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Gait flexibility among older persons significantly more impaired in fallers than non-fallers-a longitudinal study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:13, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gait disorders are a relevant factor for falls and possible to measure with wearable devices. If a wearable sensor can detect differences in gait parameters between fallers and non-fallers has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to measure and compare gait parameters, vestibular function, and balance performance between fallers and non-fallers among a group of older persons. Participants were senior members (n = 101) of a Swedish non-profit gymnastic association. Gait parameters were obtained using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that the participants wore on the leg while walking an obstacle course and on an even surface. Vestibular function was assessed by the Head-shake test, the Head impulse test, and the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Balance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go, the Timed Up and Go manual, and the Timed Up and Go cognitive tests. Falls during the 12-month follow-up period were monitored using fall diaries. Forty-two persons (41%) had fallen during the 12-month follow-up. Fallers had more limited ability to vary their gait (gait flexibility) than non-fallers (p < 0.001). No other differences between fallers and non-fallers were found. The use of gait flexibility, captured by an IMU, seems better for identifying future fallers among healthy older persons than Timed Up and Go or Timed Up and Go combined with a cognitive or manual task.
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| 18. |
- Eskner Skoger, Ulrika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Betydelser av kön i svensk utvecklingspsykologi : från 80-tal till 2000-tal
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln undersöker framställningen av flickor och pojkar i svenska läroböcker i utvecklingspsykologi, och om samhällsförändringen mot ökad jämställdhet återspeglas i dessa. Utifrån ett diskurspsykologiskt och socialkonstruktionistiskt förhållningssätt har samtida läroböcker i utvecklingspsykologi jämförts med en lärobok från 1980-talet. Vi beskriver två teman i den äldre boken som återkommer i de samtida böckerna. För det första att skillnader mellan könen fortfarande utgör dominerande tankeram i beskrivningarna av barns utveckling. För det andra att kulturella aspekters inverkan på barns utveckling till stor del saknas, vilket leder till att de biologiska förklaringarna dominerar, trots tydliga intentioner hos författarna i inledningarna till böckerna att omfatta kritiska och kulturella perspektiv i den kunskap som ska förmedlas. När texten övergår till mer specifika beskrivningar av barns utveckling upphör till stor del talet om utvecklingspsykologi i relation till samhälleliga värderingar. I samband med detta tycks en värdemässig förskjutning ske. När kön beskrivs som en individuell faktor utan förankring i kultur, skapas ett företräde för att förstå skillnader mellan könen som ”av naturen givna”. När kulturella aspekter av kön och psykisk utveckling/ohälsa osynliggörs, riskerar man att stänga för tankegångar om möjligheten till förändring. Därmed riskerar man även att stänga för många jämställdhetsargument. Vi lyfter slutligen fram tanken om ”den neutrala förmedlaren” som bidragande till att denna värdemässiga förskjutning sker och lämnas så oproblematiserad i texterna.
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| 19. |
- Eskner Skoger, Ulrika, 1968-
(författare)
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Mellan könsspecifika förväntningar och ett neutralt kunskapsideal : att förhålla sig till betydelser av kön som barnpsykolog i Sverige
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta avhandlingsarbete undersöker hur psykologer förhåller sig till de olika betydelser av kön som finns i de sammanhang de befinner sig i när de utövar sitt yrke. Genom att utforska de betydelser som barn- och ungdomspsykologer ger skillnader mellan flickor och pojkar har jag identifierat svårigheter och möjligheter när det gäller att inkludera sociala och kulturella aspekter i beskrivningar av barns och ungas psykologiska utveckling inom psykologiprofessionen i Sverige. Ett inkluderande av sociala och kulturella aspekter skulle bidra till en förståelse för hur barns psykologiska fungerande hänger ihop med de samhälleliga sammanhang de befinner sig i, och kunna användas för att ge barnen ett bättre stöd i behandlingsarbete. Metod Elva intervjuer med svenska barn- och ungdomspsykologer, samt tre svenska läroböcker i utvecklingspsykologi analyserades. Analyserna utgick från socialkonstruktionistiska och diskurspsykologiska perspektiv. Resultat Analyserna visade att psykologerna gav kön, genus och jämställdhet flera olika betydelser och att dessa olika betydelser ofta var motstridiga. Ett glapp identifieras mellan övergripande beskrivningar av barn och ungas utveckling där ambitionen att beskriva psykologisk utveckling som en interaktion mellan biologiska och kulturella faktorer tydligt kom till uttryck, och de mer konkreta beskrivningarna av psykologisk utveckling där ett biologiskt och/eller individinriktat synsätt gavs företräde. Detta glapp kom framförallt till uttryck i läroböckerna. I barn- och ungdomspsykologernas tal om sitt arbete blev ett annat glapp synligt. När de talade mer övergripande om vad ett professionellt förhållningssätt till kön innebar baserade sig talet på strävan efter neutralitet och en syn på kön som ovidkommande för psykologisk behandling. När talet handlade om det konkreta behandlingsarbetet konstruerades kön som skillnader. Barn- och ungdomspsykologerna tycktes sitta fast i ett dilemma mellan en könsneutral retorik och ett bemötande och en behandling som utgick från könsskillnader som ”naturliga”. Det snäva individfokus som kom till uttryck i psykologernas berättelser lyfts fram som en förklaring till att psykologerna inte själva tycktes uppmärksamma detta glapp under sitt berättande. En fråga där psykologerna ställde kritiska frågor kring jämställdhet och lika fördelning av resurser handlade om att så få flickor i yngre åldrar besöker barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin. Vid dessa tillfällen kom en vilja att omfatta flickors och pojkars olika livsvillkor som förklaring till könsskillnader till uttryck. Då det i deras tal inte fanns några kopplingar mellan den olika fördelningen av resurser och över- och underordning mellan kvinnor och män på en samhällsnivå, verkade psykologerna dock sakna tillgång till analytiska redskap att fullfölja tankarna om olika livsvillkor. Försöken att kontextualisera flickornas ”osynlighet” tycktes då landa i en anpassning efter könsstereotyper för ”deras eget bästa”. Jag identifierade några undantag från detta mönster. Några få psykologer uttryckte explicit ett jämställdhetsintresse och en önskan att arbeta på ett jämställt sätt i sitt behandlingsarbete. Analyserna av deras berättelser visar att professionella ideal när det gäller kunskapssyn hade stor betydelse för om, och hur, de kunde motarbeta ett könsstereotypt förhållningssätt i sitt arbete. En strategi att arbeta för jämställdhet utifrån ett neutralt kunskapsideal tycktes leda till ett fokus på ”likabehandling” och osynliggöra skillnader i värdering och handlingsutrymme mellan flickor och pojkar. En strategi att arbeta för jämställdhet som baserar sig i idealet ”rättvist resultat” tycktes öppna upp för möjligheter att upprätthålla uppmärksamheten på orättvisor och maktprocesser mellan könen. Slutsats Möjligheterna att inkludera kulturella och sociala betydelser av kön i psykologiskt behandlingsarbete med barn och unga verkar hänga nära samman med psykologers professionella ideal för vad som är legitim kunskap. I vilken utsträckning psykologerna hade tillgång till analytiska redskap att reflektera över kopplingar mellan problemen hos de flickor och pojkar de träffade och över- och underordning mellan kvinnor och män på en samhällsnivå var också viktigt. Sådana tankemässiga redskap, som utgår från feministiska teorier och genusvetenskap, saknades till stor del i de intervjuer och de läroböcker som granskades.
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| 20. |
- Eskner Skoger, Ulrika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrality, gender stereotypes, and analytical voids : The ideals and practices of Swedish child psychologists
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Feminism and Psychology. - : Sage. - 0959-3535 .- 1461-7161. ; 21:3, s. 372-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports a study of the meanings of gender that are active in Swedish child psychologists’ narratives about their practice. The analysis is informed by constructionist and discourse-psychological approaches. We identify and describe four different interpretative repertoires: a repertoire of neutrality and equal treatment, based on a liberal political vision of equality in combination with a neutral knowledge ideal; an individualizing repertoire that focuses on individual differences and symptoms, and reduces the impact of context for children's problems; a repertoire of gender-specific characteristics, in which notions of fundamental internal differences between girls and boys are central when assessing what is normal; and a repertoire of gender-specific expectations, focusing on how girls and boys are raised differently. The repertoires were often used unreflectingly, and narratives tended to slide between the different meanings of gender, often ending in accounts of individualizing and symptom-focused treatments. In the analysis, these patterns are brought into a more general discussion of the limited, and limiting, analytical tools that these psychologists relied on in their work. Since their analytical tools stop short of the societal level, gendered patterns of power are left outside of their understanding of ‘the psychological’. As a consequence, it would appear that these psychologists adopt treatment strategies focused on gender-stereotypical adjustment to socially expected behaviors.
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| 21. |
- Eskner Skoger, Ulrika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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What makes feminist knowledge legitimate for therapists? : A study of Swedish child psychotherapists
- 2015
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Ingår i: Feminism and Psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 0959-3535 .- 1461-7161. ; 25:4, s. 489-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated what it is like to be a feminist clinical psychologist in a country with a long commitment to gender equality. We studied how two Swedish clinical child psychologists committed to promoting gender equality talked about issues of gender and inequality in their clinical work. We identified three interpretative repertoires that formed the basis of these clinicians’ talk about gender and gender equality: a repertoire built on ideas about basic inherent differences between boys and girls, but nonetheless valuing boys and girls equally; a repertoire emphasizing similar treatment, built on the assumption that gender is of no importance, and that everybody has equal value; and a repertoire built on views of girls and boys as unequally valued by society at large. Both clinicians drew upon all three repertoires. However, they used the repertoires in starkly different ways depending on whether they assumed that knowledge that presupposes gendered power structures can be considered legitimate professional knowledge.
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| 22. |
- Falkenius Schmidt, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term linguistic outcome in adults with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 56:1, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common prenatal infection and the main infectious cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in developed countries. Long-term neuropsychological outcome of cCMV infection is still not well understood. This is the first study that presents linguistic follow-up data performed on adults who were infected in utero.MethodAll individuals from a universal newborn CMV screening study in Sweden sampled from 1977 to 1985 were invited to participate in a follow-up study. 34/71 persons (48%) with cCMV and 22/46 controls (48%) were enrolled. Participants were between 34 and 43 years. Linguistic ability was evaluated with two-word fluency tasks (FAS letter fluency and verb fluency), and a qualitative analysis of the participants’ word retrieval strategies was conducted.ResultsNo statistically significant group differences were found in the total number of retrieved words. When related to Swedish norm data, 43% of participants with cCMV infection, all asymptomatic at birth, had adequate results on both FAS and verb fluency tasks, compared to 86% of the controls. Education level was the most important factor for word fluency ability in both groups. Adults with cCMV infection and higher education levels used less effective retrieval strategies on FAS letter fluency than controls.ConclusionThis study suggests that adults with cCMV infection may have deficits in the word retrieval process, even in the absence of known neurodevelopmental disorders. Long-term effects of cCMV infection may exist even in those with asymptomatic infection at birth.
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| 23. |
- Forsman, Huamei, et al.
(författare)
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Galectin 3 Aggravates Joint Inflammation and Destruction in Antigen-Induced Arthritis
- 2011
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Ingår i: ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:2, s. 445-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Galectin 3, an endogenous beta galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The finding that galectin 3 is present in the inflamed synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests that the protein is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. We undertook this study to investigate the influence of galectin 3 deficiency in a murine model of arthritis. Methods. Wild-type (WT) and galectin 3-deficient (galectin 3(-/-)) mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) through immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin. The concentration of serum cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF alpha]) and antigen-specific antibodies was evaluated using a cytometric bead array platform and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular IL-17 responses were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results. The joint inflammation and bone erosion of AIA were markedly suppressed in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. The reduced arthritis in galectin 3(-/-) mice was accompanied by decreased levels of antigen-specific IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. The frequency of IL-17-producing cells in the spleen was reduced in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. Exogenously added recombinant galectin 3 could partially restore the reduced arthritis and cytokines in galectin 3(-/-) mice. Conclusion. Our findings show that galectin 3 plays a pathogenic role in the development and progression of AIA and that the disease severity is accompanied by alterations of antigen-specific IgG levels, systemic levels of TNF alpha and IL-6, and frequency of IL-17-producing T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo evidence that galectin 3 plays a crucial role in the development of arthritis.
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| 24. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of participating in mastermind groups
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Education and Care. - 2398-8517. ; 4, s. 1-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The academic career path is seldom straightforward. Many health professionals and researchers face stress and uncertain employment opportunities. Joining a collegial support group, a so-called “mastermind” group, is one way to help navigate these challenges. We investigated postdoctoral researchers’ (N=16) experiences with participating in a mastermind group using an online survey. Four themes emerged from their responses: (I) A place that offers conversation in confidence; (II) An opportunity for personal and professional development; (III) A quality break and time for reflection, and (IV) Challenges experienced by mastermind group participants. This study establishes that taking part in a mastermind group can effectively help shift focus from the negative aspects of a challenge faced by its group members to the positive aspects of a potential solution.
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| 25. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Benefits of participating in mastermind groups
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Health Education and Care. - 2398-8517. ; 4, s. 1-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The academic career path is seldom straightforward. Many health professionals and researchers face stress and uncertain employment opportunities. Joining a collegial support group, a so-called “mastermind” group, is one way to help navigate these challenges. We investigated postdoctoral researchers’ (N=16) experiences with participating in a mastermind group using an online survey. Four themes emerged from their responses: (I) A place that offers conversation in confidence; (II) An opportunity for personal and professional development; (III) A quality break and time for reflection, and (IV) Challenges experienced by mastermind group participants. This study establishes that taking part in a mastermind group can effectively help shift focus from the negative aspects of a challenge faced by its group members to the positive aspects of a potential solution.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Golden, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Nyere forskningsresultater på andrespråksskriving i Norge og Sverige med særlig vekt på andrespråkselevers skriving i skolefagene
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Acta Didactica Norge - tidsskrift for fagdidaktisk forsknings- og utviklingsarbeid i Norge. - : University of Oslo Library. - 1504-9922. ; 13:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over norsk og svensk forskning på andrespråksskriving fra det siste tiåret. Tre hovedområder som har generert flere studier og nye perspektiver i de to landenes andrespråksforskning, er skilt ut: 1) Forskning relatert til skolefag, sjangere og registre, 2) Forskning på ordforråd i en skolekontekst, og 3) Flerspråklig bruk i skrift. Disse områdene er eksemplifisert i artikkelen og kontekstualisert teoretisk, og er også relatert til tidligere norsk og svensk andrespråksforskning om tekst og ordforråd. Didaktiske implikasjoner av disse nyere innsiktene diskuteres også. Resultatene i de studiene vi har gjennomgått, viser at det i undervisningen er behov for å arbeide med skriftlig materiale, slik som med lærebøker og modelltekster i forkant av skrivingen, så vel som med ordforrådet. Studiene viser også nytten av flerspråklig bruk i undervisning.
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| 29. |
- Gregori, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri 6475 and Prevention of Early Postmenopausal Bone Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2574-3805. ; 7:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Daily supplementation with the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L reuteri) vs placebo has previously been demonstrated to reduce bone loss in an estrogen deficiency mice model and older women, although the magnitude of the effect was small. We hypothesized that long-term treatment with L reuteri could result in clinically relevant skeletal benefits in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Objective To evaluate whether daily supplementation with L reuteri vs placebo could reduce early postmenopausal bone loss and whether the effects remained or increased over time during 2 years of treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between December 4, 2019, and October 6, 2022, at a single center in Gothenburg, southwestern Sweden. Participants were recruited by online advertisements, and letters were sent to 10 062 women aged 50 to 60 years. Responding women (n = 752) underwent telephone screening, resulting in 292 women being invited to a screening visit. Of those who were screened, 239 women met all inclusion criteria and had no exclusion criteria. Interventions Capsules with L reuteri in 2 doses, 5 x 108 (low dose) or 5 x 109 (high dose) colony-forming units, taken twice daily or placebo were administered. All capsules also included cholecalciferol, 200 IU. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the relative change in tibia total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) over 2 years. Secondary outcomes included relative change in areal BMD of the lumbar spine and total hip, bone turnover markers C-terminal telopeptide cross-links of collagen type I and type I procollagen intact N-terminal propeptide, as well as tibia trabecular bone volume fraction and cortical vBMD. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted. Results A total of 239 postmenopausal women (median age, 55 [IQR, 53-56] years) were included. Tibia vBMD (primary outcome), hip and spine vBMD, and tibia cortical area and BMD decreased significantly in all groups, with no group-to-group differences (percent change tibia vBMD high dose vs placebo least-squares means, -0.08 [95 CI, -0.85 to 0.69] and low dose vs placebo least-squares means, -0.22 [95% CI, -0.99 to 0.55]). There were no significant treatment effects on any other predefined outcomes. A prespecified sensitivity analysis found a significant interaction between body mass index (BMI) and treatment effect at 2 years. No significant adverse effects were observed. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of 239 early postmenopausal women, supplementation with L reuteri had no effect on bone loss or bone turnover over 2 years. The observed interaction between BMI and treatment effect warrants further investigation. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04169789
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| 30. |
- Gunnarsson, Maj, et al.
(författare)
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Less is more : When IT comes to knowledge management
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IRIS23.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we take the point of departure from two thoroughly conducted casestudies, in which we have analysed certain knowledge work activities with followingimplications for design. Both studies clearly stated the call for a ICT-support whensearching information and sharing knowledge. For example, sharing bookmarksamong knowledge workers seemed to be a necessary and useful activity. Importantand valuable bookmarks often mirror what kind of information and knowledgepeople are looking for, and also what kind of forum they usually go to on the worldwide web. In this work we have developed a prototype, KnowMan, which managesbookmarks on the world wide web. The prototype is designed as a user-friendly"pad-interface" in which bookmarks can be collaboratively collected, shared andfurther explored and annotated by other knowledge workers. We end up with ageneral discussion about the possible effects of using KnowMan and what furtherdesign aspects that should be considered.
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| 31. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Adjusting to linguistic diversity in a primary school through relational agency and expertise : a mother-tongue teacher team’s perspective
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Multilingua - Journal of Cross-cultural and Interlanguage Communication. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0167-8507 .- 1613-3684. ; 42:1, s. 139-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the role of collaborative teacher agency in facilitating translingual adjustments in a linguistically diverse primary school in Sweden. We focus on three multicompetent language teachers, who taught minoritized languages in the marginalized Mother Tongue (MT) subject, Modern Languages, and offered Multilingual Study Mentoring. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, including teacher interviews and fieldnotes from everyday MT practices and preparations for an annual musical performance, we investigated how the teachers adjusted to the students’ multilingual repertoires through relational agency and distributed expertise (Edwards, A. 2011. Building common knowledge at the boundaries between professional practices: Relational agency and relational expertise in systems of distributed expertise. International Journal of Educational Research 50(1). 33–39). These adjustments affected the offered language provisions beyond what was required, based on students’ linguistic competencies and parental involvement. Didactic adjustments also afforded migrant students literary experiences that starkly contrasted with the limited literacy content in beginner courses in Swedish. These “responsive professional actions” (Edwards, A. 2011. Building common knowledge at the boundaries between professional practices: Relational agency and relational expertise in systems of distributed expertise. International Journal of Educational Research 50(1). 33–39, p. 39) thus impacted on the students’ opportunities for multilingual development, expanded language registers, including verbal art, and linguistic inclusion. Through these actions, language was reformulated as asset, and we find that an ethics of care (Watkins, M. 2011. Teachers’ tears and the affective geography of the classroom. Emotion, Space and Society 4(3). 137–143) was closely intertwined with this relational agency. The findings contribute new knowledge on the role of collaborative teacher agency in diverse settings also of relevance to other national contexts.
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| 32. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing success and hope among migrant students and families : A mother tongue teacher's didactic narratives
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Language & Communication. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5309 .- 1873-3395. ; 77, s. 93-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on the narrations of Omid – a Mother Tongue (MT) teacher of Arabic in a Swedish primary school – we analyze discursive constructions of Sweden, multilingualism and MT instruction in interview data and fieldnotes from parenting courses aimed at migrant parents. Omid constructed a performed role model – based in success stories – and a shared transnational identity with the function, we argue, of presenting an exemplum, and building trust and hope among parents in forced migration. This was evident in narrated alignment with the parents and claimed professional membership. The didactic narrations encompassed ideological space for multilingualism, and, we argue, both addressed and defused discourses on MT as a hindrance to integration through recurrent praise of Sweden and Swedish language learning.
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| 33. |
- Hedman, Christina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Dialoguing on a Graphic Novel in the Language Learning Classroom with Upper Secondary School Students
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Literacy Research. - 2464-1596. ; 10:1, s. 101-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a larger project on teaching Swedish as a second language to migrant upper secondary school students in Sweden, this paper focuses on one teacher’s literature class and a book-group discussion about a graphic novel based on Selma Lagerlöf’s A Tale of a Manor. The aim was to contribute to further knowledge on the dialogic potential of teacher-led literary discussions on graphic novels with language learners, by focusing on the cumulative aspect of the interaction. We also analyzed the teacher’s role and how it affected the students’ responses and interpretations. Our findings show how the cumulative dialogue created new student insights relating to the novel’s protagonists, literary themes and the saga genre, which is central in Lagerlöf’s novels, and how literary concepts and visual cues were used as resources for interpretation. The discussion of the graphic novel included multifaceted and multimodal analyses, in which the teacher urged the students to formulate interpretations and responses anchored in both the written text and the images. This teacher-led dialogue holds great potential for encouraging students’ literary reading, as well as their confidence when it comes to giving responses to literature, which is of relevance to similar languageand literature teaching contexts.
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| 34. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Introductory classes for newcomer primary school students in Sweden : Pedagogical principles and emotional understanding
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Multicultural Education Review. - 2005-615X .- 2377-0031. ; 13:1, s. 85-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through the study of pedagogic discourse and practice in introductory classes (ICs) aimed at new migrant students at a linguistically diverse primary school in Sweden, we discuss pedagogic principles and power dynamics, drawing on Bernstein’s conceptual frame. Our ethnographic data consist of teacher interviews and observational fieldnotes. A compound set of pedagogic principles was found, where the acknowledgement of the students’ prior languages differs from previous research. Furthermore, the teachers’ accommodations to the students’ needs through a collaborative practice of care formed an important part of the inner logic of discourse and practice. We find this multilingual and emotional support to be contingent upon the IC teachers’ multilingual competencies and long-term experience with ICs, multilingualism and migration, and support from school management. We welcome interrelated discussions of underpinning logics based on research within different educational contexts comprising migrant students.
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| 35. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Lika eller lika möjligheter? Diskurser om skolämnet svenska som andraspråk inom det akademiska fältet i Sverige
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Didactica Norge - tidsskrift for fagdidaktisk forsknings- og utviklingsarbeid i Norge. - : University of Oslo Library. - 1504-9922. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we take the concept of equality as the basis to discern and discuss discourses in scholarly texts within the Swedish academic field on the school subject Swedish as a second language (SSL) after its introduction in 1995. The study analyzes the types of arguments, their theoretical and empirical under-pinnings, and the assumptions of equality reflected. Two colliding discourses are identified, of which the arguments of the SSL discourse, stemming from research on multilingualism and second language research, recognizes lan-guage educational needs in students’ learning in their second language as an expression of equality-as-equal-opportunity and resistance to “difference blind-ness”. In this line of argument, SSL is constructed as part of a pluralistic language policy comprising SSL and mother tongue education. However, the recognition of second language educational needs exists alongside criticism of the subject’s organization. The colliding discourse centers on inclusion, describes SSL as an expression of deficiency regarding the students, and considers the separation of students to be a key problem. As aspects of the inclusion discourse are also found in the SSL discourse, interdiscursive rela-tions are discerned. The emerging interpretations of deficiency and language reflect how discourses construct their object (Foucault, 1972), in this case contents and aims of SSL. The anticipating characteristics of the discourses indicate an involvement of actors with a high degree of agency, reflecting the relatively high impact of the academic field on the political field in terms of multilingual education policy. Research on the SSL educational practices, partly underpinning the discourses, is however strikingly limited.
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| 36. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Performative functions of multilingual policy in second language education in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-0050 .- 1747-7522. ; 25:2, s. 452-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper targets the aim of 'strengthening the students' multilingualism' in a second language subject in Sweden, Swedish as a second language (SSL), which represents a relatively rare L2 design internationally. The study investigates how ideological space for multilingualism with regard to this aim opens implementational space at the classroom level [Hornberger. 2002. "Multilingual Language Policies and the Continua of Biliteracy: An Ecological Approach." Language Policy 1 (1): 27-51]. We draw on ethnographic fieldwork in three linguistically diverse upper secondary schools in Sweden, where SSL is a parallel subject to Swedish, free of choice, and is taught by qualified teachers. Ideological and implementational space was found to be primarily for empowering students and valorizing their multilingualism and less for learning functions and pedagogical multilingual practices. Some students emphasized multilingual aspects as being empowering and as a reason for choosing SSL, indexing the performative function [Fairclough. 2014. "Semiotic Aspects of Social Transformation and Learning." In The Discourse Studies Reader. Main Currents in Theory and Analysis, edited by Johannes Angermuller, Dominique Maingueneau, and Ruth Wodak, 378-387. Amsterdam: John Benjamins] of macro-level policy in combination with teacher agency. We argue that in spite of the brevity of the formulated multilingual macro policy and its restricted 'potential space' [Johnson 2011. "Implementational and Ideological Spaces in Bilingual Education Language Policy, Practice, and Research." In Bilingual Education and Bilingualism: Educational Linguistics in Practice: Applying the Local Globally and the Global Locally, edited by Frances M. Hult and Kendall A. King, 126-139. Bristol, GBR: Multilingual Matters], it still had a significant bearing at the local level. This finding reinforces the importance of researching established macro-multilingual policies in situ in education.
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| 37. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Researching the Complexities of the School Subject Swedish as a Second Language : A Linguistic Ethnographic Project in Four Schools
- 2021
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Ingår i: Languages. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-471X. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on language education policy for language learners in Sweden by building on a synthesis of findings from a research project on the school subject Swedish as a second language (SSL). The project was located in three upper secondary schools and one primary school with a large proportion of migrant students, of whom a majority studied SSL. We present previously published core findings, as well as revisit data for new analyses. The overarching aim is to contribute new knowledge on the complexities of arranging for sustainable, equitable and high-quality language educational provisions that include the teaching and learning of the language of schooling, through the lens of SSL. First, we outline and discuss the relatively unique design of SSL and discourses surrounding the subject, and also make some international comparisons with English as an Additional Language. Secondly, we discuss the role of pedagogical scaffolding of advanced literacy and literary content, and of multilingual aspects in SSL, as well as examine policy frictions in the data. We conclude by reflecting on the role of teacher competences and research methodology. Researching a second language subject is to stand in the crossroad of macro policy, the theory and practice of language education, and equity. All these aspects need to be considered to reach sustainable educational goals.
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| 38. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Samtal om lärobokstext på två språk : Textsamtalets stöttande funktion för spansk-svensktalande ungdomar med och utan uppfattade läshinder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordand. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0809-9227 .- 2535-3381. ; 12:1, s. 23-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna studie undersöker vi hur spansk-svensktalande högstadieelever agerar i textsamtal kring samhällsorienterande lärobokstext. Med utgångspunkt i textrörlighetsbegreppet analyseras elevernas uttryck av textrörlighet kvalitativt på såväl spanska som på svenska. Artikeln baseras på data från tjugo spansk-svensktalande högstadieungdomar, där hälften av eleverna hade någon form av läs- och skrivsvårighet enligt deras lärares bedömningar. Resultaten visar att eleverna överlag manifesterar liknande grad av textrörlighet på sina båda språk, oavsett genrevariation, vilket indikerar ett ömsesidigt beroendeförhållande mellan språken, även om det också fanns undantag från detta mönster. Jämförelser mellan grupperna visar att eleverna med uppfattade läshinder uttryckte en lägre grad av textrörlighet, även om alla uttryckte textrörlighet i någon grad, både på spanska och på svenska. Det «flerspråkiga textsamtalets» stöttande potential och funktion som didaktiskt redskap lyfts och diskuteras i förhållande till flerspråkiga elever, med och utan uppfattade läshinder.
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| 39. |
- Hedman, Christina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolämnet svenska som andraspråk i internationellt perspektiv – exempel ur forskning
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna översikt belyser vi skolämnet svenska som andraspråk (sva) med utgångspunkt i några internationella utblickar. Inledningsvis tar vi avstamp i den svenska kontexten, med en historisk tillbakablick och genom att redogöra för och diskutera vad som utmärker den unika ämneskonstruktionen med två parallella svenskämnen och vilka argument för designen som åberopats i forskning. Sva diskuteras också i relation till uppfattningar om likvärdighet, baserat i en artikel av Hedman och Magnusson (2018). I denna inledning behandlas även OECD-rapporten Strength through diversity’s spotlight report for Sweden (Cerna et al., 2019) avseende det som där framkommer om skolämnet svenska som andraspråk. Därefter redogör vi för och diskuterar främst tre nationella kontexter, Norge, England och USA beträffande undervisning i norska som andraspråk (noa) respektive English as an Additional Language (EAL).
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| 40. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Student ambivalence toward second language education in three Swedish upper secondary schools
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Linguistics and Education. - : Elsevier BV. - 0898-5898 .- 1873-1864. ; 55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the relatively unique educational design of the school subject Swedish as a second language (SSL) through ethnographic fieldwork in three linguistically diverse schools in Sweden. A main point is the importance of carefully considering the local educational context in relation to its organizational design and embeddedness in language ideologies and linguistic hierarchies when researching and discussing educational practices designed for linguistically and culturally diverse students. Since L2 education2 may become part of a negative social categorization of students (e.g. Talmy, 2011), we focus on student perspectives, i.e. 15 students’ narrated experiences of SSL in upper secondary schools where SSL is a voluntary subject3 and the teachers are highly qualified. On the basis of stance analysis (Du Bois, 2007, Jaffe, 2009), we discuss both the students’ motives for choosing SSL and their reasons for continuing to study SSL. Findings show an ambivalence toward the subject, which is related to conflicting discourses surrounding it (Hedman & Magnusson, 2018). On the one hand, the narratives reflect that SSL may be associated with negative societal discourses on immigration and L2 use; on the other, they provide examples of affordances of SSL, i.e. counter images to these discourses (cf. contrastive insights, Hymes, 1996). Not least, pedagogical scaffolding of advanced content was analyzed as a main reward. The fact that attending SSL in these schools was not an exception, separating a few from the majority, also allows for a problematization of “mainstream”.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hedman, Christina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish immersion in Finland and Swedish as a second-language subject in Sweden : Teacher perspectives from two primary schools.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Immersion and Content Based Language Education. - 2212-8433 .- 2212-8441. ; 11:2, s. 255-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on fieldwork and interviews, we explore five teachers’ views abouttheir teaching of Swedish as a second language in an early immersion schoolin Finland (Larch) and a linguistically heterogeneous primary school inSweden (Chestnut). Drawing from ecological perspectives, we aim tocontribute new knowledge on how second language teachers express theirgoals, teacher experiences and expertise depending on language andeducation policy as discursive-material reality. We discuss how societal,discursive and material differences were entangled with the teachers’discourses, for example, the fact that Swedish immersion at Larch enjoyed ahigher social status than Swedish as a second language at Chestnut.Concomitantly, the teachers adhered to pedagogical principles and thevalue of students’ linguistic and cultural repertoires in similar ways. Wespecifically discuss teacher autonomy as entwined with prevailingdiscursive-material realities, including distinct language education policies.
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| 43. |
- Hedman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ acts of legitimation in second language education in Swedish upper secondary schools
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0782 .- 1747-7581. ; 34:6, s. 535-552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing from an ethnographic project on the subject of Swedish as a second language (SSL1) in three linguistically diverse upper secondary schools, the aim of this study was to investigate how three SSL teachers, one from each school, discursively constructed SSL, and whether and how they legitimated their role as SSL teachers, in relation to previously analyzed academic and public discourses on the subject (Hedman and Magnusson 2018). The teachers both co-constructed discourses motivating SSL and contested discourses on SSL as a low status and inferior subject compared to the “real” Swedish subject, through expert authority (van Leeuwen 2008), with regard to scaffolding of advanced literacy. In addition, a role model authority embedded in a democratic professionalism was claimed, linked to the construction of the students as unprivileged. The paper contributes new knowledge on how teacher discourse and its legitimizing functions can be scrutinized in greater detail in order to gain a deepened understanding of the complexity of educational policy, where it is important to account for what educational practice is being scrutinized. Such visibilization of practice and teacher voice strengthens a participative framing for teachers on issues concerning their own practices.
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| 44. |
- Hellmark, Kristina, 1966-
(författare)
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Återkoppling, engagemang, bearbetning : Återkopplingspraktiker i undervisning om akademiskt skrivande för studenter med svenska som andraspråk
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines written feedback on texts in a university preparatory course, Qualifying Course in Swedish for University Studies. The general aim is to illuminate feedback practices in the teaching of academic writing to adult second language students of Swedish and what characterises the feedback practices, with an interest in lecturer and student perspectives. Data were collected from six groups at two universities and consist of 53 texts written by students that include feedback from lecturers, interviews with 24 students and four lecturers, and 47 student survey responses. The study is based on sociocultural theory. Another perspective on writing in academic contexts relates to the concept of cognitive academic language proficiency. The written feedback was categorised to examine the focus of the lecturers’ comments and how they were formulated. To interpret and analyse the transcribed interviews, qualitative content analysis was used with Mediated Learning Experience and learner engagement.The results reveal that the focus of the feedback was mainly determined by so-called external factors, syllabi, and criteria in assessment documents. The form of the feedback was mainly motivated by the lecturers’ perceptions of how good feedback should be given and they seemed to have feedback styles that they adhered to. Three of them emphasised the importance of indirect feedback because of its potential to stimulate student reflection and involvement in text revision. The fourth lecturer mainly gave direct correction because they felt that the students needed that support, and that one semester was too short a time for real language development to take place.Lecturers said that feedback must be explicit if students are to understand it and avoid praise so that students are not misled into thinking that their texts are of higher quality than they actually are. Despite these views, however, all lecturers mitigated their feedback in some way. Students were generally positive towards both the feedback and the lecturers and felt that the feedback process could lead to writing development. A distinct pattern in what was valued positively was clear and detailed feedback that directed them towards opportunities for improvement, which showed what was problematic, and why it was problematic. There was also consensus on the importance of praise in the feedback to indicate the strengths of a text, for making development visible, and above all, for the motivation it provided. There were somewhat mixed opinions regarding whether indirect or direct feedback was preferred. Indirect feedback was positively valued because it required reflection and engagement for revisions to be made, but some of the students also confirmed the need for direct correction. Negative emotions towards the feedback were, for example, caused by uncertainty about the linguistic level of their texts, and voluminous feedback, although many of the students felt that extensive feedback was necessary. Although the students generally seemed to understand both the lecturers’ feedback and what caused their mistakes, they highlighted the need for extended oral and personal dialogue with lecturers to improve their processing possibilities. In conclusion, regardless of the lecturers’ attitudes to the learning potential of feedback, their feedback was clearly not given procedurally but was deliberate and thoughtful. Students’ commitment to processing their texts was similarly evident.
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| 45. |
- Holmberg, Per, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Systemisk-funktionell lingvistik. Att analysera språkets betydelsepotential
- 2014
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Ingår i: Folkmålsstudier. - 0356-1771. ; 52, s. 9-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the theory of Systemic functional linguistics (SFL), first developed by Michael Halliday, and exemplifies how the theory can be applied in empirical analysis of text and talk. It shows how SFL is centered on the idea that language functions in social meaning making, and how this idea is theoretically elaborated in terms of stratification, metafunctional diversity, systemic choices and registers. The article includes a theoretical description of these four central notions, followed by a presentation of two empirical studies. Both studies explore lexicogrammatical and semantic choices within the ideational metafunction, though in different registers. The first study is an analysis of the use of grammatical metaphor in text written by monolingual and multilingual upper secondary school students. Grammatical metaphor is the realization of meaning in atypical, or incongruent, ways. In the study, grammatical metaphor is a developmental trait, allowing students to express specialized meanings through new combinations between semantics and lexicogrammar. In the second analysis SFL is applied on talk in interaction and combined with activity analysis. The study explores the successive instantiation of the meaning potential of language in a certain context, namely when participants talk about thinking in radio phone-in counseling conversations. An analysis within the ideational metafunction combined with the notion of communicative projects describes how, in this specific case, the participants’ lexicogrammatical choices between a verb and a nominal form contributes in a critical way to a successful outcome of the ongoing counseling activity.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Johansson, Ulrika, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of composite endothelial cell-mesenchymal stem cell islets : a novel approach to promote islet revascularization
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 57:9, s. 2393-2401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to endothelial cell (EC) migration by producing proteases, thereby paving the way into the tissues for ECs. MSCs were added to our previously described composite EC islets as a potential means to improve their capacity for islet angiogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Human islets were coated with primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs and dermal microvascular ECs. The capacity of ECs, with or without MSCs, to adhere to and grow into human islets was analyzed. The survival and functionality of these composite islets were evaluated in a dynamic perifusion assay, and their capacity for angiogenesis in vitro was assessed in a three-dimensional fibrin gel assay. RESULTS: ECs proliferated after culture in MSC-conditioned medium, and MSCs improved the EC coverage threefold compared with EC islets alone. Islet survival in vitro and the functionality of the composite islets after culture were equal to those of control islets. The EC-MSC islets showed a twofold increase in total sprout formation compared with EC islets, and vascular sprouts emanating from the EC-MSC-islet surface showed migration of ECs into the islets and also into the surrounding matrix, either alone or in concert with MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: EC proliferation, sprout formation, and ingrowth of ECs into the islets were enhanced by MSCs. The use of composite EC-MSC islets may have beneficial effects on revascularization and immune regulation. The technique presented allows for pretreatment of donor islets with recipient-derived ECs and MSCs as a means of improving islet engraftment.
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| 48. |
- Johansson, Ulrika, 1974-
(författare)
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Formation of Composite Islet Grafts : A novel strategy to promote islet survival and revascularization
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The islets of Langerhans are small and delicate spheroid organs scattered in the pancreas responsible for insulin production. Transplantation of isolated islets is a beneficial therapy for patients with a severe form of type 1 diabetes. The islets, which normally are richly vascularized in the pancreas, are completely disconnected from the vascular support by the enzymatic digestion during the isolation procedure. Islet viability is affected throughout all steps in this process, from donor death and isolation of islets to culturing and the transplantation process itself. In this thesis a novel strategy to promote islet survival and to re-establish islet vasculature is presented. We show endogenous expression of 51 different genes related to inflammation in cultured islets. Among these genes high expression of MCP-1, MIF, VEGF, thymosin b-10 and IL-8, IL-1β, IL-5R-a, IFN-γ antagonist were found in all donors during the 5- and the 2-day cultures, respectively. Protein expression of these genes can stimulate inflammatory immune responses but also promote tissue repair by attracting curative cells such as endothelial cells (EC) leading to re-establishment of the vasculature. We have established a novel technique by formation of composite islets using EC and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). EC adhered on the surface of the islets and created a potential blood tolerant surface. The EC-islets showed a degree of protection from the detrimental effects of instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) with the major components of IBMIR being decreased in in vitro assays. We combined MSC to the EC-islets with success. The MSC were found to have proliferative effect on EC and the combination of these two cell types on the islets further increased the EC covered surface compared to EC-islets. The EC-MSC-islets in co-culture formed vessel-like structures both into the islets and out to the surrounding matrix. The MSC enhanced the exogenous EC to form vessel-like network in the EC-MSC-islets indicating vascular support by the MSC. The novel strategy and conditions presented herein could alleviate problems related to survival of the islets by promoting revascularization. This would open up a new era in islet transplantation and allow more patients to benefit from this therapy.
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| 49. |
- Jusslin, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Meaning-making in fifth-graders' multimodal texts : Towards a vocabulary of semiotic potentials in different modes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies. - : Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies. - 1457-9863. ; 14:2, s. 47-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite a growing body of research on multimodal writing, scholars still express a need for formal frameworks for discussing multimodal literacy practices and call for research on multimodality in education that develops a vocabulary to approach multimodal texts in teaching. This study answers this call by presenting an analysis that adds to the field of multimodal writing research, and thus furthers the knowledge of different semiotic potentials of modes in student-produced texts. Drawing on a social semiotic approach to multimodality, a total of 299 texts, written by fifth-grade students from three schools in Sweden and Finland, are analyzed. The aim is to explore semiotic modes used in the student-produced written texts. The guiding research questions are: (1) What modes are used in the texts, and (2) what meanings are realized through the different modes in the texts. Results showed that six different modes were used to realize meanings in five categories: create representative meaning; visualize phenomena and assignments; foreground important areas; design the text; and decorate the paper. These categories offer a vocabulary that can describe semiotic potentials of the modes and how they realize different meanings in multimodal texts. Such a vocabulary can aid teachers in cultivating, supporting, and assessing students’ multimodal writings that contain multiple modes. From these results, we suggest that acknowledging the diversity of the modes and their meanings in student texts can help raise the awareness of how students also make meaning in modes beyond writing and image.
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| 50. |
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