| 1. |
- Pardalis, Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Kundresa för One-Stop-Shop
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här guiden är en av tre guider som publiceras inom detta projektoch bygger på tidigare forskning, med syftet att utveckla kunskap och metoder för aktörer på efterfråge- och utbudssidan på marknaden för energieffektiv renovering av villor. Guiden ger en översikt över den kundresa som villaägare följer i sitt beslut att genomföra eller inte att energirenovera sin villa, och hur One-stop-shop (OSS) konceptet kan bidra med renoveringsresan.
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| 2. |
- Rupar-Gadd, Katarina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of increased electricity production when cooling solar panels
- 2022
-
Ingår i: SBE22Delft - Innovations for the Urban Energy Transition. - Bristol, United Kingdom : Institute of Physics (IOP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A municipal housing company located in the south of Sweden has energy renovatedseveral buildings with a total of 380 apartments to meet today’s energy standards. Several energyefficient technologies and solutions were implemented and the energy consumption for thesebuildings were lowered by 50%. One of the buildings functions as a demonstration building forinnovative solutions such as low temperature district heating, waste water heat recovery, andsolar photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) panels. The solar PVT panels are cooled down with themain purpose to increase the electricity production. The cooling medium for these panels iscirculated through two bedrock boreholes to dissipate the collected heat. The heat from theboreholes is then used for an electric heat pump to produce heat to send to the local districtheating company. The electricity produced is primarily used in the building. The objective ofthis paper is to assess the electricity production from real-life outdoor Photovoltaic-thermal(PVT) plant. The plant was installed on the roof top of an energy renovated multi-familyapartment building located in the south of Sweden. The cooling of the panels were turned on andoff to assess if the electricity production would increase or not. The electricity production didnot increase when the cooling was applied. The temperature measuring equipment which wasinstalled at the wrong position and was supposed to measure the temperature at the back of thePVT is needed to compare the efficiency of the PVT plant and draw further conclusions.
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| 3. |
- Rupar-Gadd, Katarina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of smart energy solutions in a multifamily apartment building in Småland, Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387889 ; , s. 999-104
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A municipal housing company in the south of Sweden constructed three energy efficient multi-family apartment buildings in 2020 in which smart technologies were implemented. One of the buildings with a total heated area of 976 m2 is designed to have a primary energy number of 19.3 kWh/ m2 /year compared to the 85 kWh/m2/year as required by the Swedish Building Regulations. Apart from building envelope energy efficiency measures solar panels were installed and the excess electricity produced is stored to a battery. The excess heat from the solar panels is used in the bedrock heating system with cooling possibilities. The aim of this energy solution is to make the buildings partially off-grid. The actual electricity produced from the solar hybrid panels is so far lower than the simulated self-consumption and the battery is not used to its full potential. The rainwater collected was enough to save 75 percent of drinking water volume normally used for toilet flushing according to calculations made from incomplete data. A faulty installed meter, a fire incident, the use of several different systems and companies for collecting and logging data, and many other contributing factors affecting the possibility to evaluate the installed smart energy systems needs to be remediated. A recommendation is to assign someone the role of energy coordinator with the purpose of making evaluation possible within one year.
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| 4. |
- Sula, Migena, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adopting Space Sufficiency Interventions as a Means for Accelerating Energy Renovation : Swedish Homeowners’ Perspective
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference “Sustainable Built Environment and Urban Transition”. - : Linnaeus University Press. - 9789180820424
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residential energy consumption remains a significant driver of CO2 emissions in European buildings, demanding urgent action in the face of the climate crisis. While prevailing efforts have predominantly concentrated on enhancing energy efficiency and integrating renewable sources, addressing the climate urgency and resource constraints necessitates a paradigm shift towards sufficiency principles. Swedish statistics on Single-Family Houses (SFH) show that more than a third of households inhabit oversized spaces in aging buildings needing renovation. Sufficiency-oriented renovation strategies—optimizing, or reducing living areas per capita— present a promising avenue to achieve substantial energy reductions. This approach also opens the potential for space rentals, yielding combined energy and space efficiency advantages. In addition, the literature highlights reduced maintenance costs and potential urban housing crisis mitigation. However, practical implementation faces multiple obstacles.This paper investigates SFH owners' attitudes towards space-sufficiency interventions, focusing on living size preferences and identifying barriers and opportunities for sustainable housing. Through focus group sessions with SFH owners in November-December 2022, qualitative content analysis revealed that reducing living space per capita faces multifaceted challenges, despite potential benefits.These challenges encompass not only personal and psychological considerations but extend to economic, infrastructural, and policy barriers, including issues such as the potential breach of privacy, disruptions due to noise, dilemmas related to ownership and independency, disruptions to work-life dynamics, inadequate familiarity with sufficiency principles, and uncertainty imposed by space constraints. Strategic integration of sufficiency principles into energy-renovation policy alternatives necessitates a holistic approach that addresses these barriers, and some form of incentives may be needed to catalyze the adoption of sufficiency principles effectively.
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| 5. |
- Aabrekk, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Deliverable 2.2 Possible market strategies for one stop shops of renovation of single family house. : Report prepared for Nordic Innovation Centre
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The document describes examples of missions, visions and strategies based on the potentialpiloting models defined in report 3.2. It is based on status of interest amongst thestakeholders, and the information, figures and challenges which were discussed in the reportD 2.1 Stakeholder interests. The different service models will request different missionsdepending on the stakeholder in charge of the model. Also visions and strategies could bedifferent depending on the composition of services (core business) offered within each pilot aswell as the additional services offered by sub suppliers and the network connected to the pilot.In the report D2.1 Stakeholders interests, the following 5 different piloting models aresuggested:Type 1 Joint venture of industry, retailers and contractorsType 2 Joint venture of construction/renovation, industry and architect/engineering companiesType 3 Complementary businesses expand their business into renovationType 4 Joint venture of type house producer, bank and home owner associationType 5 Energy/building consultant, real estate agent and financing institutions, e.g. bankIn this report we have described mission, vision and market strategies for 4 existing orproposed models; The Project Manager by Bolig Enøk, from Norway (type 1), ENRA concept(type 2) and K-Rauta & Rautia (type 3) from Finland, and ProjectLavenergi (type 2) fromDenmark. Cleantech by Dong Energy (type 3) from Denmark is also addressed, but notdescribed in detail. As there is no concrete examples representing two of the models fromD2.1 (types 4 and 5), we have made a theoretical exercise in developing mission, vision andmarket strategies for type 5 model, while type 4 is not handled.It may be concluded that there are commercial actors in different parts of the value chainwhich see an opportunity in developing different approaches of “one stop shops” for energyefficient holistic renovations. The concepts are still in a development phase and differ inrespect to how they are organised (as supply side). We may say that the pilots in the differentcountries also find inspiration from each other through this research project. Due to thecomplexity of a holistic renovation project, it is a prerequisite with good partnerships even inthe development phase. In all identified models there is however one main actor taking thelead and ownership to the business model.Independent of the business model the responsible company needs to make some strategicchoices. The starting point is the SWOT analysis which sums up all major challenges for therespective business model. How the strategies should be developed is described in this report.Although the main target group for this report is companies seeing an interest in developingbusiness models for renovation, we found some important issues identified in the SWOTanalysis which the authorities may influence including lack of interest in the market (need ofmore public attention through holistic campaigns), fragmented solutions (stop subsidisingsingle measures without a holistic plan), serious vs unserious companies (need of certificationsystems to build credibility), cost focus leads to limited renovation (need of subventionschemes for holistic retrofitting including tax deduction measures) and finally lack incompetence within companies (need of support to training and collaboration acrosscompanies).
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| 6. |
- Aarthi, Aishwarya Devendran, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementation of GIS-AHP Framework for the Identification of Potential Landfill Sites in Bengaluru Metropolitan Region, India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The 9th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research. ICEER 2022.. - : Springer. - 9783031435584 - 9783031435591
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncontrolled open dumping and burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) has resulted in soil, water, and air pollution in many urban cities in India. Landfills are the most common cost-effective solution for MSW management in many developing countries like India. However, the identification of suitable landfill sites always remains a challenging task as it involves the selection of several environmental criteria set by the local authorities. The objective of this study is to identify the most potential landfill sites proposed by the Government in Bengaluru Metropolitan Region, Karnataka state, India using Geographic Information System enabled Analytical Hierarchy Process based multi-criteria evaluation technique. Several criteria and constraints as recommended by the local authorities along with the proximity to the solid waste processing plants are used to identify the potential landfill sites in the study region. The study identified three highly suitable sites (Neraluru, Gudhatti, Madivala) for landfills which are not only environmentally sustainable but also economically attractive as they are closer to the solid waste processing plants minimizing the transportation cost involved in the disposal of solid waste from the source to the final disposal sites in the study region.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Almeida, Roma, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Analytical review of methodological approaches for measuring circularity in building renovation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference “Sustainable Built Environment and Urban Transition”. - Växjö : Linnaeus University Press. - 9789180820424
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circularity in construction industry requires understanding of the complex system dynamics, which are affected by various building layers and societal systems. While the existing building stock offers opportunities to enable re-looping of construction and demolition waste, the assessment of building circularity performance is not straightforward, due to lack of standard database, methods, and tools. This may lead to subjective interpretations by practitioners who rely on lifecycle assessment (LCA) approach complemented with circularity indicators (C-indicators) to know the level of circularity (LOC) of building materials, components, and elements. Thus, these C-indicators requires careful evaluation of the current methodological approaches. The aim of this paper is to map and evaluate the nexus between assessment methodologies highlighting their strengths, limitations, and areas of improvement. In this study, a complementary approach of systematic literature review and design research concept was used to classify seven primary aspects covering 18 key performance indicators, that impact the system thinking approach of the renovation project. The critical analysis of ten distinguished C-indicators show conditional, beneficial and trade-off relationships between various indicators. At the same time, the dynamic aspect of re-looping the resources is missing in these indicators and sustainability is accounted by complementing lifecycle impacts rather than coupling them. Results of this review highlight substantial gaps in C-indicators applicability for renovation projects with emphasis to formulate a practical guidance to assess recirculation of materials throughout the value chain.
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| 9. |
- Bonakdar, Farshid, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Implications of Climate Zones on the Cost-Optimal Level and Cost-Effectiveness of Building Envelope Energy Renovation and Space Heat Demand Reduction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 7:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cost-optimal level of energy performance for buildings shall be identified according to the European directive of 2010. The Swedish building stock needs comprehensive knowledge and an overall strategy for the cost-optimal level of renovation. This paper studies the contribution of Swedish climate zones to the cost-optimal level of renovation on a multi-story residential building in Sweden from the building owner perspective. The building space heat demand is simulated for four Swedish climate zones. The net present profit (NPP) method is defined and used in this study in order to analyze the cost-optimal level and the cost-effective renovation of building envelope components (e.g., attic floor, basement walls, exterior walls and windows). The implication of different discount rates is studied, as well. The results show that the optimum renovation of the building envelope offers 51% more energy savings for space heating when the building is in a northern climate zone compared to a southern zone. The study suggests that different renovation strategies for the building stock renovation need to be identified, separately, for each climate zone. The NPP analysis identifies the minimum required investment and maximum achievable energy savings that are needed to have a cost-effective renovation. The broad range of studied climate zones provides the opportunity to apply the obtained results to other climate zones by either interpolation or extrapolation of NPPs for the buildings with similar characteristics.
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| 10. |
- Bravo, Giangiacomo, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical vs. Aesthetic Renovations : Learning from Swedish House Owners
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we identify the socio-economic attributes and attitudes that have influencedhouse owners in renovating their homes in the past. Our study is based on responses to an onlinequestionnaire survey of 971 house owners living in Kronoberg County in Sweden. Results showedthat the interest and willingness of the house owners to perform a renovation varied dependingon their demographic background and the age of the house. The latter positively affected pastrenovations, only when combined with the residence time. Furthermore, the age of house ownersstrongly and positively affected the probability of performing aesthetic type of renovations, becauseof a long time of residence in the house. Younger, town living, and highly educated house ownersseem to be more concerned regarding saving energy, which motivated them to perform physicalrenovations on their house. Our results also suggest that income, level of education, and place ofresidence have an effect on renovation decisions only through their effect on the energy concern ofhouse owners, and a varied effect on renovation decisions, when combined with the time of residencein the house.
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| 11. |
- Dadvar, Atefeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Water Use Behavior in a Multicultural Urban Area in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing world population and climate change are major concerns for the supply of water needs. Understanding user behavior facilitates the development of effective strategies of domestic water management. This research applied a questionnaire survey and data analysis methods to analyze the water consumption behavior of tenants in a multicultural urban area, dominated by immigrants of different ethnic origins, in the city of Växjö in Sweden. Results showed that the majority of the studied participants perceived themselves to be environmentally friendly. They reported to be engaged in water conservation activities quite often, but analysis showed that they did not have accurate perceptions of their water consumption. Positive attitudes towards water conservation and self-reported water conservation activities significantly but negatively influenced respondents’ actual water consumption, i.e., water consumption was higher. Subjective norms did not have a significant influence. The results also revealed that individual measurement and debit positively influenced, i.e., reduced, actual water consumption. Therefore, water management systems should include an individual measurement and debit system combined with a visualization system to enable tenants to monitor the quantity and cost of their water consumption.
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| 12. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of influence of landuse/land cover changes on the land surface temperature of Växjö Municipality, Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eceee 2021 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387889 ; , s. 627-635
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human activities are responsible for almost 75% of the land cover changes depleting the natural resources globally. These land cover changes with decreasing vegetation and water bodies increase the heat emissions from the land surface thereby influencing the climate changes regionally and globally. This paper highlights the interaction and interlinkages between the land use changes due to human activities (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15) and its consequences on climate changes (SDG 13) using spatial analysis techniques. In this context, the climate change of Växjö Municipality, Sweden resulting from the urban development is demonstrated through LST (Land Surface Temperature), NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), NDBI (Normalised Difference Built-Up Index) and land cover changes as indicators through Landsat 8 data of 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. The land cover maps prepared through Support Vector Machine algorithm indicate that the area of built-up had doubled during the study periods with decreasing openlands. The LST maps prepared from the thermal bands of the Landsat 8 data showed an increase in the mean surface temperature from 7.3℃ to 11.1℃ between 2014 and 2020. The study also aims to study the seasonal variations in the relationship between LST, NDVI and NDBI by making use of Landsat 8 dataset acquired during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons of 2019. Results suggest a strong positive relationship between LST and NDBI (0.74) whereas a negative relationship is found associated between LST and NDVI (0.65) and between NBDI and NDVI (0.71). Further the land cover and LST maps of 2014 and 2020 are used in the simulation of urban and LST maps of 2050 through Cellular Automata model to highlight the impact of urban development on the climate changes of Växjö Municipality. The simulation result predicts that the built-up area of 2020 might quadruple in 2050. The simulation analysis also predicted an increase in LST with increasing urbanization in the study region. This study emphasises that the land cover changes in the process of urban development is also a contributing factor for climate change in the study region which is evident from the increase in mean surface temperature (3.8°C) from 2014 to 2020.
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| 13. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of potential landfill sites in Bengaluru metropolitan region, India through GIS-AHP framework
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ICEER2021 - 8th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research:“Developing the World in 2021 with Clean and Safe Energy. - : ICEER.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncontrolled open dumping and burning of municipality solid waste (MSW) has resulted in soil, water, and air pollution in many urban cities in India. Landfills are the most common cost-effective solution for MSW management in many developing countries like India. However, the identification of suitable landfill sites always remains a challenging task as it involves selection of several environmental criteria set by the local authorities. The objective of this study is to identify the most potential landfill sites proposed by the Government in Bengaluru Metropolitan Region, Karnataka state, India using Geographic Information System enabled Analytical Hierarchy Process based multi-criteria evaluation technique. Several criteria and constraints as recommended by the local authorities along with the proximity to the solid waste processing plants are used to identify the potential landfill sites in the study region. The study identified three highly suitable sites (Neraluru, Gudhatti, Madivala) for landfills which are not only environmentally sustainable but also economically attractive as they are closer to the solid waste processing plants minimizing the transportation cost involved in the disposal of solid waste from the source to the final disposal sites in the study region.
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| 14. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of Municipal Waste Streams in Achieving Urban Circularity in the City of Curitiba, Brazil
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 15:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The municipal solid waste (MSW) remains a great challenge in most cities of developing countries, as the majority of the generated waste is either not collected or is dumped in open uncontrolled non-engineered landfill sites, creating significant pollution due to the leakage of landfill leachate in the surrounding environment. In developing countries, a complete transition to a zero-landfill scenario is less likely to happen in the near future due to various socio-economic challenges. Therefore, the existing landfills in developing countries need holistic waste management thinking with more efforts on waste to energy conversions. This study highlights the challenges with existing MSW management practices of Curitiba, Brazil, and suggests some holistic and sustainable landfill management techniques. This is accomplished through the (i) identification of the suitable sites for setting up transfer stations (TSs), (ii) route optimization for MSW transportation, and (iii) analysis of the life expectancy of the existing landfill with waste valorization techniques for enhancing circularity of MSW of the city. The study has identified six potential TSs, making use of various geological criteria and constraints as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency using GIS-based spatial analysis, which could save fuel cost of approximately 1.5 million Brazilian Real (BRL) per year for the solid waste transportation (from the source to the landfill site). This research has also made a value addition in this specific field with the preparation of a digitized road network map of the study region. Further, the sensitivity-based scenario analysis highlights that the lifespan of the existing landfill (until 2030) might be extended to 2058 if the city achieves the targeted recycling rate of 85% compared with the current rate of 23%. The results would be useful for policy-makers to adopt the crucial MSW scenario to achieve a circular economy in the waste management of the city of Curitiba.
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| 15. |
- Devendran, Aarthi Aishwarya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial interaction model of energy demand of buildings and satellite thermal imageries using Geographically Weighted Regression analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: eceee 2022 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198827002 ; , s. 559-569
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is an important information tool to improve the energy performance (EP) of buildings. However, establishing the EP of building is tedious, time-consuming, and numerous input parameters are required in its estimation. However, the usefulness of EPC for the implementation of customized solutions by the supply-side actors require that EPCs are available for all buildings, easily accessible, credible, and recent. However, this is not the case at present. This could be addressed by employing remote sensing dataset along with GIS based spatial analysis techniques. In the present study, the spatial regression analysis technique is implemented in identifying the spatial relation between the input variables and the EP of selected 4541 buildings within Växjö municipality, Sweden.The input variables used in the study include the land surface temperature (LST) maps of summer and spring of 2020 derived through the thermal band of Landsat 8 satellite data, built-up and openland neighbourhood maps prepared from the land use/land cover map 2020 of the study region. Building topology including year of construction, type, category, and complexity of buildings are also used to identify the relation between the input variables and the EP of those selected buildings. Results of spatial regression analysis reveal a significant positive relation between the LST and EP of buildings (regression co-efficient are 0.86 and 0.95 in spring and summer respectively).The stronger correlation in summer could be because of the availability of higher intensity of solar radiation which gets absorbed by the built-up regions. Results suggest that the LST maps derived from satellite imageries could provide information on the EP of buildings. This could be beneficial to local decision makers and policy regulators in identifying the buildings with lower EP with better accuracy with less dependence on EPC data which are sometimes not available or not updated. The results could also be beneficial to investment bankers, real estate companies during the purchase and sale of a building. Policy makers and renovation companies could get benefited with the results in preliminary identification of the potential hotspots for district energy renovation where the EP of buildings is poorer. This could help achieve the goal of sustainable urban planning targeting energy reduction, climate adaptation, through implementation of effective energy management strategies in the building sector.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy systems in transition: perspectives for the diffusion of small-scale wood pellet heating technology
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Management. - 0267-5730 .- 1741-5276. ; 29:3/4, s. 327-347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to environmental and supply security concerns associated with fossil fuels, promising small-scale wood heating systems with sizable market potentials have started to penetrate the residential heating market in Europe and elsewhere. Despite significant technological progress that led to cost reduction, increased levels of convenience, improved reliability and reduced environmental impact, the widespread diffusion of such systems will nonetheless take many years or even decades. Framework and market conditions, and especially drivers and barriers and the overall merits of such systems in comparison to alternative solutions, need to be properly understood by policy-makers and entrepreneurs for the successful promotion of these technologies. In this article we cover three important aspects related to small-scale wood pellet heating systems. First, we summarise recent technological, socio-economic and institutional trends. Second, results from a comparative analysis of the direct and indirect external costs and benefits of these technologies versus other heating technologies are reported. Third, the usefulness of various diffusion modelling approaches used in economics is discussed in the light of the technology scrutinised and existing data constraints.
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| 18. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Framework conditions and market potentials for the diffusion of innovative small-scale wood pellet systems
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Bioenergy 2003, Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than 85% of all dwellings in the European Union are currently being heated by single-house systems. At the same time significant technological progress, cost reductions and increasing consumer awareness related to modern small-scale bioenergy systems (SSBS) have occurred in recent years. Taken together, SSBS could make a substantial contribution to the heat and electricity requirements in the not-too-distant future and, by substituting for less benign energy technologies and fuels, also to a more sustainable energy supply system. Despite the remarkably increased levels of comfort and reduced environmental impact offered by today´s SSBS, however, their widespread diffusion is still at its very beginning. Framework and market conditions and the overall merits of SSBS systems need to be properly understood by policy-makers for a suc-cessful promotion policy addressing these technologies. Technology diffusion models can help to better understand the diffusion dynamics and long-term market potentials, and the effectiveness of drivers and barriers that influence the adoption decision process. This paper first summarises recent technological, socio-economic and institutional trends relevant for SSBS adoption, and reflects on research results from other studies in this field regarding perceived image, comfort levels, reliability, and ways of use of modern small-scale bioenergy technologies in Europe. Second, it contains a limited compara-tive analysis of the direct and indirect external costs and benefits of modern bioenergy-based versus other heating technolo-gies at the small scale. Third, the usefulness of various economic diffusion modelling approaches is discussed, also with a perspective on studying modern SSBS in the light of data availability restrictions
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementing energy efficiency measures in existing Swedish building stock
- 2008
-
Ingår i: World Sustainable Energy Days 2008, 5-7 March 2008, Wels, Austria.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large potential for improving energy efficiency in the existing Swedish building stock. However, how successful the implementation of the efficiency measures will be, depends on economical and technical factors as well as on the attitudes and perceptions of the relevant actors. In this paper we use Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory to analyze various factors affecting implementation of energy efficiency measures in the Swedish detached houses and apartment buildings. Results of recent Swedish household surveys concerning adoption of heating systems showed that majority of the respondents were satisfied with their heating systems and did not intend to install a new one. Economic aspects and functional reliability were important factors in the choice of heating systems, while installers/vendors were the most important sources of information on heating system. We discuss upcoming empirical studies on implementation of other energy efficiency measures, e.g. energy efficient windows and additional insulation, including that of heating systems, in detached houses and apartment buildings.
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| 20. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Småhusägares inställning till fjärrvärme, pelletspannor och värmepumpar : Report prepared for Swedish Association of Pellet Producers (PiR), Stockholm, Sweden (in Swedish)
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sveriges villabestånd finns det en stor potential att ersätta elvärme och oljepannor med fjärrvärme, pelletspannor och värmepumpar. Vi analyserade effekterna av det svenska investeringsbidraget för konvertering från oljepannor och direktverkande el med s.k. “adopter-centric” metodik och hur konverteringen till fjärrvärme, pelletspannor och värmepumpar varierade. Resultaten från enkätundersökningar, som genomfördes hos 1500 slumpvist utvalda husägare i Sverige i september 2004 och januari 2007, visade att över 80% inte avsåg att byta värmesystem. Det trots att ca 37% av de svenska villaägarna fortfarande har el- eller oljeuppvärmning. Det statliga investeringsbidraget var viktigt för konvertering från direktverkande el, men inte för konvertering från olja. Det beror på att de flesta husägarna redan har bytt ut sina oljepannor, medan få har konverterat bort direktverkande el. De som konverterar bort från oljepannor är eftersläntrare, medan de som konverterar bort från el är ”tidiga anammare”. Ekonomi och driftsäkerhet var de viktigaste faktorerna när husägare skall välja mellan olika värmesystem. Olika värmesystem upplevs ha olika fördelar och det påverkar spridningsmönstret för konverteringen till nya värmesystem. Installatörer och personliga kontakter angavs vara de viktigaste källorna för information om nya värmesystem.
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| 21. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Homewoners´ attitude towards water-based heating systems
- 2008
-
Ingår i: World Bioenergy 2008, 26-29 May, Jönköping, Sweden. - : Swedish Bioenergy Association.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2004 and 2007, we conducted questionnaire surveys of 1,500 randomly selected Swedish homeowners of detached houses to understand their attitude towards adopting an innovative heating system (IHS). The results showed that there was no substantial change in homeowners’ attitude towards IHSs. More than 80% of the respondents did not intend to install a new heating system. Economic aspects and functional reliability were the most important factors in the respondents’ choice of heating system while environmental factors were of less importance. Installers were the most frequently consulted source of information on heating systems. Respondents perceived the relative advantage of pellet boilers over oil or electricity-based heating systems, but bedrock heat pump system was ranked higher than pellet heating system in every aspect except for investment cost. Pellet heating system has advantages with respect to investment cost. District heating system was considered as most functionally reliable and automatic.
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| 22. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish house owners perception of pellet heating systems
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Pellets (Pellets 2006), 30 May-1 June, Jönköping, Sweden. - : Swedish Bioenergy Association. - 9163189615
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to the problems of global warming and security issues associated with the supply of fossil fuel use, bioenergy systems such as small-scale pellet heating systems (SSPHS) have been developed in Europe and elsewhere. In Sweden, SSPHS for the residential sector have been available on the market for about ten years, but the diffusion rate is rather slow. Research to analyse the diffusion of innovation is important, as this aspect determines the success of a technology. In this context, we recently carried out a questionnaire survey on Swedish house owners� perception of different heating systems. The sample consisted of about 1500 Swedish house owners selected through stratified random sampling. The results of the survey regarding pellet heating systems revealed that the annual cost of heating with the new heating system, functional reliability, investment cost, and in-door air quality are the four most important factors, in decreasing order of importance, in heating system choice. Environmental friendliness and low greenhouse gas emission are considered to be less important. Respondents consider SSPHS to be second to bedrock heat pumps in every aspect except for investment cost and therefore, such systems diffuse slowly in Sweden.
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| 23. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of wood material for greenhouse gas mitigation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-2386 .- 1573-1596. ; 11:5-6, s. 1097-1127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on an interdisciplinary perspective the role of wood as a carbon sink, as a multipurpose material, and as a renewable energy source for the net reduction of greenhouse gases is discussed. We synthesize aspects from engineering, natural and social sciences to better understand the role of wood substitution in CO2 mitigation.We also formulate some recommendations on filling knowledge gaps that could be useful for policy making regarding how wood substitution could be further expanded. There are sufficient wood resources to substantially increase the use of wood for material and energy purposes. However, a number of factors hinder a wider use of wood for energy and material purposes. Furthermore, an analysis of wood substitution is a very complex issue, since the substitution influencing factors are to be found along the entire wood supply chain and involve several industries, socio-economic and cultural aspects, traditions, price dynamics, and structural and technical change. To improve the knowledge about wood as a substitute for other resources and the implications, it would be helpful to better integrate research from different disciplines on the subject and to cover different scales from a project to an economy-wide level.
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| 24. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Using biomass for climate change mitigation and oil use reduction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 35:11, s. 5671-5691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we examine how an increased use of biomass could efficiently meet Swedish energy policy goals of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and oil use. In particular, we examine the trade-offs inherent when biomass use is intended to pursue multiple objectives. We set up four scenarios in which up to 400 PJ/year of additional biomass is prioritised to reduce CO2 emissions, reduce oil use, simultaneously reduce both CO2 emission and oil use, or to produce ethanol to replace gasoline. Technologies analysed for using the biomass include the production of electricity, heat, and transport fuels, and also as construction materials and other products. We find that optimising biomass use for a single objective (either CO2 emission reduction or oil use reduction) results in high fulfilment of that single objective (17.4 Tg C/year and 350 PJ oil/year, respectively), at a monetary cost of 130–330 million €/year, but with low fulfilment of the other objective. A careful selection of biomass uses for combined benefits results in reductions of 12.6 Tg C/year and 230 PJ oil/year (72% and 67%, respectively, of the reductions achieved in the scenarios with single objectives), with a monetary benefit of 45 million €/year. Prioritising for ethanol production gives the lowest CO2 emissions reduction, intermediate oil use reduction, and the highest monetary cost.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Haavik, Trond, et al.
(författare)
-
New business models for holistic renovation solutions of single family houses
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single family houses represent the biggest potential for energy savings within residential buildingsin the Nordic countries. In earlier research project [1] it highlighted that there is a missing linkbetween the single family house owner and various segregated offers of single solutions forrenovation and/or energy efficiency installations. In the two international research projectsSuccessFamiles and One Stop Shop, establishment of new business models as pilots for bridgingthis gap are now being monitored.Two of the pilots as “one stop shops”, a retailer chain in Finland and a daughter company of aNorwegian manufacturer of insulation, are described and discussed.A key issue for any business model which offers an integrated service from analysis of the houseand recommendations for measures is the trustworthiness of the supplier.As a holistic energy efficient renovation project is a “new” and unknown service to single familyhouse owner and at same time a costly investment, it is important for the suppliers to findadequate ways of communicating through each phase of the buying process. There are variouschallenges in each of the phases which have to be solved differently.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Haus, Sylvia
(författare)
-
Climate impact of the sustainable use of forest biomass in energy and material system : a life cycle perspective
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human society releases greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere while providing housing, heat, mobility and industrial production. Man-made greenhouse gas emissions are the main causes of climate change, coming mainly from burning fossil fuels and land-use changes. Sustainably managed forests play an important role in climate change mitigation with the prospect of sustainably providing essential materials and services as part of a low-carbon economy, both through the substitution of fossil-intensive fuels and material and through their potential to capture and store carbon in the long-term perspective.The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a methodology under a life cycle perspective to assess the climate impact of the sustainable use of forest biomass in bioenergy and material systems. To perform this kind of analysis a methodological framework is needed to accurately compare the different biological and technological systems with the aim to minimize the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and hence the climate impact. In such a comparison, the complete energy supply chains from natural resources to energy end-use services has to be considered and are defined as the system boundaries.The results show that increasing biomass production through more intensive forest management or the usage of more productive tree species combined with substitution of non-wood products and fuels can significantly reduce global warming. The biggest single factor causing radiative forcing reduction was using timber to produce wood material to replace energy-intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel. Another very significant factor was replacing fossil fuels with forest residues from forest thinning, harvest, wood processing, and post-use wood products. The fossil fuel that was replaced by forest biomass affected the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with carbon-intensive coal being most beneficial to replace. Over the long term, an active and sustainable management of forests, including their use as a source for wood products and bioenergy allows the greatest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 31. |
- Hemström, Kerstin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Architects’ perception of the innovativeness of the Swedish construction industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Construction Innovation. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1471-4175 .- 1477-0857. ; 17:2, s. 244-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of this paper is to enhance the understanding of architects’ perceptions of the propensityto adopt innovations in building construction.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a theoretical underpinning of the multilevel perspective on socio-technical transitions, a web-based questionnaire (n = 412) was used to empirically investigate Swedish architects’ perceptions of innovativeness in the building construction industry. Specifically, the study looks at perceptions of the level of innovativeness (propensity to adopt innovations), relevant barriers to the adoption of innovations, the influence of different actors and ways of facilitating innovativeness.Findings – Architects perceive a low level of innovativeness in the Swedish building construction industry because of a number of barriers of varying relevance. These barriers belong to interwoven regulative,normative and cognitive rules (i.e. institutions) that guide actor behaviour, which contribute to the path dependency of the industry. The site-specific nature of building construction, promotional activities from suppliers and the level of competition in the industry is perceived as being of little relevance. The findings suggest that a number of interventions are necessary to facilitate innovativeness of the Swedish construction industry. To change the lock-in mechanisms of the established cognitive and normative rules, regulative rulesneed to change as well. According to architects, contractors and construction clients are the most influentialand therefore have the most power to change the rules associated with path dependency.Research limitations/implications – The focus on a single construction professional in Sweden necessitates a discussion on these perceptions from the standpoint of other actors.Practical implications – Architects perceive a need for change in the construction industry and suggestthat changed regulative rules can help overcome path dependency and facilitate innovativeness. Considering the strong interrelatedness of the lock-in mechanisms that guide the actors of the industry, policies may be needed to encourage and support the establishment for more sustainable development.Originality/value – A multilevel perspective is used to analyse the type of barriers to innovativeness that the architects perceive as relevant and how they contribute to the resistance to change and path dependency in the building construction sector.
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| 32. |
- Hemström, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish architects’ perceptions of hindrances to the adoption of wood frames and other innovations in multi-storey building construction
- 2011
-
Ingår i: SB11 Helsinki World Sustainable Building Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of general hindrances to the diffusion of innovations (new products,services, processes, systems, or concepts) in the construction sector may help improve thesustainability of buildings. Adoption of innovations such as multi-storey wood frames may e.g.reduce the primary energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of building construction. This studyuses a web-based questionnaire to collect information on Swedish architects‟ perceptions ofhindrances to the adoption of innovations in building construction in general, and to the adoption ofmulti-storey wood frames in particular. Results show that the most influential hindrances to thegeneral adoption of innovations were perceived as the focus on project costs instead of life-cyclecosts, the economic risk adopting an innovation imply, the focus on traditional engineering models,the construction industry´s tendency to use proven materials and methods, and contractors‟inability to adjust processes. Concrete and steel were perceived as more advantageous than woodwith regards to several aspects influencing the innovativeness of the Swedish construction industry,but wood was perceived as better with regards to opportunities to support local industry. Thearchitects also had more positive perceptions of the performance of concrete and steel in multistoreybuildings, than of wood. While gender and size of company seem to have little influence,perceptions of innovativeness and frame materials vary with age and regions.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hemström, Kerstin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
The sociotechnical regime and Swedish contractor perceptions of structural frames
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 35:4, s. 184-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To deepen the understanding of the sociotechnical regime that directs the selection of structural frames in multifamily buildings in Sweden, we study the perceptions of contractor representatives. Contract managers (CMs) employed at contractor firms were interviewed regarding their role, the selection of the structural frame and how they perceived different options. The results show that CMs largely influence the selection of the structural frame in multifamily buildings, which are guided by the established concrete-based sociotechnical regime. The regime is maintained through cognitive rules regarding structural frame options and the alignment of skills of construction professionals. Because of their influence and their investments in the skills of construction workers, CMs make important contributions to maintain the regime and the concrete path dependency. Furthermore, the regime varies in strength in different locations. Some locations carry a strong norm to cast concrete frames on site. This makes it more difficult to deviate from the established practice. In other locations, wood-promoting initiatives have changed the cognitive rules associated with the regime. Nonetheless, the sociotechnical regime makes the selection of concrete structural frames beneficial. This prevents wood-framed multifamily buildings from entering common usage, even though such buildings can contribute to mitigating climate change.
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| 35. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-
(författare)
-
A decision-making framework for enhancing client well-being : When designing windows and blinds
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current state of window and blind design moves beyond evaluating a single function, such as energy consumption, to include a human perspective in architectural design approach to create value. A current thought among architects and design professionals is that the highest value outcomes can be obtained when any architectural design contributes to enhanced well-being. Previous studies show that an individual’s well-being is determined by five main life domain factors: health, economy, personality, demographic variables and behavior variables. However, the life domain factors health and economy show stronger and more positive correlations to well-being. At this point, value creation within architectural design context, including window and blind design, can be seen as an attempt to enhance well-being by improving health and providing economic benefits for clients. Clients can represent i) owners who own a built asset, ii) investors who commit capital and expect to obtain financial return, or iii) occupants who live or work in the building every day. In the context of owner-occupied buildings, the value creation process is mainly seen as an attempt to enhance well-being for one entity by improving health and providing economic benefits. When considering investment properties or assets held for sale, the value creation process is mainly translated into an attempt to enhance well-being for several entities by improving health for occupants and providing economic benefits for owners and/or investors.Selecting a window and blind design to enhance client well-being remains a challenging task due to three main difficulties. The first difficulty relates to the contradictory effects of windows and blinds on visual and thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. The second difficulty is the availability of a variety of window and blind designs in different sizes, positions and forms, making the selection of windows and blinds an intricate decision challenge for architects and designers. The third difficulty involves decisions about the selection of windows and blinds that should include all criteria and their interactions simultaneously.To resolve the abovementioned difficulties, this research applied the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a multi-criteria decision-making method to select a window and blind design based on a trade-off between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. The analyses of results show the capability of AHP in resolving difficulties, however its application is mainly limited to a small number of designs. To overcome this limitation, a decision-making framework was developed based on integration between non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) as an optimization algorithm and AHP. The strength and limitations of the decision-making framework were later tested by employing it in window and blind design practice. To investigate further benefits from the implementation of the framework, it was expanded by evaluating additional building envelopes, i.e. windows as well as external walls, roof and floor constructions, which made it possible to select a trade-off construction solution. The analyses of results show the framework’s ability to resolve difficulties and locate a trade-off design in a relatively short period of time. However, the decision-making framework only allows the analysis of the objective criteria for evaluating visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. This is because it is necessary to rely on the creativity of the architects and designers when designing windows and blinds in order to consider subjective issues. The decision-making framework can be used either by design teams or customer service experts in window manufacturing companies. A literature study was therefore conducted to extend the technology acceptance model and thereby investigate the determinants of framework user acceptance of the decision-making framework. The results showed that organizational, individual, technological and environmental characteristics were the most influential external variables when investigating determinants of framework user acceptance of the framework. Organizational characteristics included top management support, training, organizational culture, and organizational size, while individual characteristics included the users’ previous knowledge and experience. Technological characteristics embraced information quality and system quality, meanwhile environmental characteristics comprised fulfillment of regulations and competitiveness.
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| 36. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
A framework for selecting a suitable window design
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Presented at BuildSim-Nordic conference, Trondheim, Norway, September 26-27, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of analytical hierarchy process for selecting an interior window blind
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Architectural Engineering and Design Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-2007 .- 1752-7589. ; 13:4, s. 308-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Window blinds have a substantial role in shaping the energy consumption and improving thermal comfort and visual comfort. However, difficulties in selecting a window blind remain, due to existence of potential conflicts between visual, thermal, energy and life cycle cost. To overcome this problem, this study evaluates the performance of interior blinds, including venetian with slat of 0° and 45°, roller and double pleated blinds with respect to visual, thermal, energy and life cycle cost. Later, the Analytical hierarchy method (AHP) is used for selecting the best blind based on trade-off among the visual, thermal, energy and life cycle cost. In using AHP, visual comfort is determined as most important objective with a weight of 52%. The results show that venetian blind with slat of 0° drawn 100% is the trade-off blind. Accomplishing the sensitivity analysis on blinds’ global weight shows that venetian blind with slat of 0° drawn 100% remains the trade-off blind until the weight of energy and life cycle cost is below 37% and 57% respectively and the weight of visual comfort is above 4%. However, changing thermal comfort weight has no impact on ranking of the blinds. This study shows the capability of AHP in managing the conflicts.
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| 38. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Applying a decision-making framework for resolving conflicts when selecting windows and blinds
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Architectural Engineering and Design Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-2007 .- 1752-7589. ; 15:5, s. 382-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selection of the most appropriate window and blind design is a challenging task due to the existence of potential conflicts between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Resolving these conflicts relies on a trade-off window and blind design. This research applied a decision-making framework to select a trade-off window and blind design for an office room in Sweden. The decision-making framework was developed based on integrating the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and the analytical hierarchy process. The first step in the application of the framework was to generate a model of the office room using EnergyPlus. Six types of window and four types of blind; an internal venetian blind, an internal roller curtain, an external venetian blind and an external overhang panel, were modelled in EnergyPlus. The second step was to run an optimisation using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. For this purpose, various window and blind design variables were specified in modeFRONTIER platform. The third and last step in the application of the decision-making framework was to select a trade-off window and blind design using analytical hierarchy process. The results show the strength of the decision-making framework in selecting a trade-off design, and thereby the ability to resolve conflicts through intelligent use of simulation in analyzing big-data in built environment, energy and cost sectors. Since, the computation and processing power for performing simulations is constantly increasing, architects and designers can exploit the decision-making framework and locate a trade-off design in a relatively short period of time.
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| 39. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing the profitability of various renovation packages in Swedish residential building sector : case study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Sustainable built environment conference (SBE 2019). 6-7 August, Tokyo, Japan.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish government adopted national targets to reduce total energy consumption and mitigate environmental impacts. At this point, detached houses play an important role, since they account for a large share of dwelling stock in this country. The majority of these buildings are affected by technical deteriorations in building envelopes and heating, ventilation and air condition systems. Accordingly, there is a need for a deep renovation strategy, which covers both energy efficiency measures and economic issues. Additionally, a deep renovation can improve indoor climate, which contributes to the enhanced health and wellbeing. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of eight different renovation packages in reducing energy consumption and providing economic benefits in a detached house in Sweden. The renovation packages include 1) improving the U-value of building envelopes; 2) adding a heat recovery for ventilation system; 3) installing a ground source heat pomp for supporting heat demand and domestic hot water; 4) combination of renovation package 1 and 2; 5) combination of renovation package 1 and 3; 6) combination of renovation package 2 and 3; 7) combination of renovation package 1, 2 and 3; and 8) combination of renovation package 1, 2, 3 along with installing photovoltaic cells for producing electricity. The reduction in energy consumption was calculated in kWh/m². year for each renovation package, while the economic benefit was obtained by calculating the payback period during a lifespan of 50 years and internal rate of return with interest rates of 1%, 3% and 6%. The results indicate that renovation package 8 has the highest potential in reducing total energy consumption, while renovation package 3 is the most profitable solution since it provides the shortest payback period with the highest internal rate of return. The results help to define and project efficient energy policies in Sweden.
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| 40. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing a decision-making framework for resolving conflicts when selecting windows and blinds
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Architectural Engineering and Design Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-2007 .- 1752-7589. ; 15:5, s. 357-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Windows and blinds play a significant role in both shaping energy consumption and enhancing indoor comfort. But there are still difficulties with selecting windows and blinds due to the existence of potential conflicts between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life-cycle cost. A literature review was conducted with the purpose of developing a decision-making framework that resolves the conflicts, and allows selecting a window and blind design based on trade-off between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life-cycle cost. The decision-making framework was developed by integrating non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II as an optimization algorithm with analytical hierarchy process as a multi-criteria decision-making method. The optimization algorithm considers different window and blind design variables and analyses multiple designs, while the multi-criteria decision-making method ranks the optimization results and selects a trade-off design. An operating package enabled the decision-making framework to be automated. The operating package was obtained by coupling EnergyPlus as a simulation tool and modeFRONTIER as an integration platform. The decision-making framework was developed to select a trade-off window and blind design through intelligent use of simulation in analysing big-data in built environment, energy and cost sectors. Application of the framework ensures the minimum visual and thermal comfort thresholds with the lowest energy demand and cost. Architects and designers can use the framework during the design or renovation phase of residential and commercial buildings.
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| 41. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate linear regression model for estimating average daylight illuminance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Advanced Science Letters. - : Ingenta Connect. - 1936-6612 .- 1936-7317. ; 23:7, s. 6163-6167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Window design and the selection of glazing system have significant effect on daylight illuminance. Occupants’ productivity is highly dependent on daylight, as it associates with numerous health advantages. Hence conducting a systematic investigation considering the performance of various window designs and glazing systems is highly important at the early stage of design process. For this purpose, this study attempts to develop a multivariate linear regression model for estimating the average daylight illuminance. To perform the simulations, an office room prototype was modelled by COMFEN 5Beta software. The prototype is a hypothetical office room, as its size, HVAC system and envelopes construction are based on the common practice in construction in Sweden. Because average daylight illuminance is sensitive to window size, orientation, glazing system, design model and position, 544 simulations were performed based on thses variable to create an extensive dataset. A multivariate linear regression model was developed based on 90% dataset, which was chosen randomly. The obtained R² value was exceeded 96%, which shows an excellent fit for the developed model. The interaction between variables was also studied. The remaining 10% of dataset was utilized for validating the developed model. The validity of the model was further compared with another multivariate linear regression model, developed based on 50% of the dataset.The results show the effectiveness of multivariate linear regression models in supporting architects and predicting average daylight illuminance in early stage of design analysis.
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| 42. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Profitability of various energy supply systems when renovating a single-family house in Sweden : case study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE 2019). August 12-15, Västerås, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of single-family houses in Sweden are affected by deteriorations in building envelopes as well as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, since they are about 30 years old. Theses house are therefore in need of extensive renovation, which provides an excellent opportunity to incorporate energy efficiency measures to reduce both the energy consumption and also operational. Although former studies analyzed the cost effectiveness of various renovation packages, they mainly excluded the evaluation of energy price implications on cost effectiveness of different renovation package in Sweden. Accordingly, this study considers three energy prices and quantifies the payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) of the packages, when renovating a single-family house in Sweden. The renovation packages included three distinct energy supply systems, commonly installed when implementing energy renovations: ground source heat pump (GSHP), photovoltaic solar panels (PV), and an integrated GSHP and PV system. The analyses of results show that a the GSHP system provides higher IRR and the lowest PBP compared to the other two renovation packages, due to its high performance in reducing energy consumption and its relatively low investment cost. Furthermore, results show that raising the energy price can increase the IRR and reduce the PBP of the renovation packages and respectively. Moreover, increasing the interest rate adds on PBP of renovation packages, since it depreciates the cost for saved energy.
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| 43. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
The most cost-effective energy solution in renovating a multi-family house
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018, The 9th International Cold Climate Conference Sustainable new and renovated buildings in cold climates Kiruna – Sweden 12-15, March 2018. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030006617
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish government aims to reduce total energy demand per heated building area by 50% until 2050. A large number of residential buildings, built within the so-called “Million homes program” in Sweden, need major renovations, which offers an opportunity to implement energy efficiency measures and thereby, reduce total energy demand. The best way to encourage the implementation of a major renovation is to demonstrate a practical method which reduces energy demand and provides economic benefits. Hence, this study aims to determine the most cost-effective energy solution in renovating a multi-family residential building. Multiple energy renovation measures were simulated on a case study to reduce the space heating and domestic hot water by 50%. The case study building was built within the “Million homes program” and is located in Växjö, Swedish climate zone 3. Design Builder software was used for analysing the pre-renovation energy performance of the building. The renovation measures comprised different insulation thicknesses of external walls, attic and ground floors, windows with different U-values, a mechanical ventilation with heat recovery system, and solar system for supporting space heating and domestic hot water. Later, a multi-objective optimization was accomplished for analysing every possible combination of renovation measures. The most cost-effective energy solution was obtained by calculating the net present value in a lifetime of 30 and 50 years and discount rate of 1%, 3% and 5%. Comparing the implications of two different lifetimes on net present value with implications of three different discount rates on net present value shows that lifetime has more influence on net present value. Furthermore, the results show the capability of the multi-objective optimization method in analysing multiple renovation solution.
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| 44. |
- Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, 1985-
(författare)
-
Windows and blinds selection for enhancing subjective well-being
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Earlier studies in the context of windows and blinds selection have mostly tried to increase the awareness regarding various effects of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being, including their effect on visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. However, the main problem is the potential conflicts between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Increased awareness about the contradictory effect of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being on one hand and lack of a feasible method in managing the conflicts on the other hand may bind individuals, as decision-makers, in a situation where they follow the immediate economic benefits rather than the long-term visual and thermal benefits. To solve the mentioned problem, this study analysed first the degree of the conflicts between average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption in Sweden. This decision was made due to large variation in solar elevation angle and solar intensity between summer and winter in Sweden, which has significant effects on daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Analysing the conflicts was accomplished by developing two multivariate linear regression models for calculating average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Comparison and analysis of the multivariate linear regression models showed the existence of a high degree of conflicts, which makes window and blind selection a rather complex multidimensional problem. Specifying the degree of the conflicts formed a hypothesis as: “A multi criteria decision-making method increases the controllability and manages the conflicts in selecting windows and blinds”. The developed hypothesis was later tested by employing analytical hierarchy process, as widely used multi criteria decisionmaking method. The analytical hierarchy process prioritizes decision-maker’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The results of employing analytical hierarchy process showed the capability of it in managing the conflicts among visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Finally, the application of the analytical hierarchy process was expanded by integrating it with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, as an optimization algorithm. Through this integration, optimization algorithm combines windows’ and blinds’ design variables and analyses a large number of solutions, while analytical hierarchy process ranks the solutions based on decision-makers’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The integration between analytical hierarchy process and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II was presented later as a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework can be used for selecting windows and blinds II in both residential and commercial buildings. In selecting windows and blinds, the conceptual framework is a novel solution to the lack of a feasible method for increasing the controllability for decision-makers and obtaining a desired trade-off solution.
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| 45. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
A behavioral change-based approach to energy efficiency in a manufacturing plant
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 11:5, s. 1103-1116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the realm of industrial energy efficiencystudies, very little research has been done to understandthe barriers and opportunities to influence behavior ofproduction workers and the corresponding energysavingpotentials. This paper analyzes a case study ofVolvo Construction Equipment AB in Braås, Sweden(VCE Braås), that has reduced its relative idle electricityuse by more than 10 percentage points during 2013–2016 by implementing a strategy of changing everydaybehavior of production workers. The results based oninterviews with actors involved in the energy efficiencyproject showed that a concrete goal, the employment ofa fulltime operational leader who earlier worked as aproduction worker at VCE Braås, and the involvementof both the leadership and employees in project managementwere key to the success of the project.
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| 46. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption of innovative heating systems – needs and attitudes of Swedish homeowners
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-6478 .- 1570-646X. ; 3:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionnaire surveys of Swedish homeowners of detached houses were carried out in 2004 and 2007 to understand their needs and attitudes towards attributes of innovative heating systems (IHSs) comprised of a bedrock heat pump, district heating, or a wood pellet boiler. In each occasion 1,500 homeowners were randomly selected. The response rate was 42% in 2004 and 48% in 2007. Results showed that the majority of the respondents were satisfied with their existing heating system and did not intend to install new systems. Economic factors and functional reliability were the most important factors in the respondents’ choices of heating system, while environmental factors were of lower importance. Among the IHSs, respondents’ had the most favourable attitude towards bedrock heat pumps followed by district heating and pellet boilers. But, the attitude was more favourable towards electric boilers than for pellet boilers. The least favourable attitude was towards oil boilers. Between 2004 and 2007, there was a positive change in respondents’ attitude towards IHSs and electric boilers, and a negative change in attitude towards resistance heaters and oil boilers.
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| 47. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An adopter-centric approach to analyze the diffusion patterns of innovative residential heating systems in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 36:2, s. 577-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation and diffusion of renewable energy technologies play a major role in mitigation of climate change. In Sweden replacing electric and oil heating systems with innovative heating systems such as district heating, heat pumps and wood pellet boilers in detached homes is a significant mitigation option. Using an adopter-centric approach we analyzed the influence of investment subsidy on conversion of resistance heaters and oil boilers, and the variation in diffusion pattern of district heating, heat pumps and pellet boilers in Swedish detached homes. Results from questionnaire surveys of 1,500 randomly selected homeowners in September 2004 and January 2007 showed that more than 80% of the respondents did not intend to install a new heating system. Hence, about 37% of the homeowners still have electric and oil heating systems. The government investment subsidy was important for conversion from a resistance heater, but not from an oil boiler. This is because homeowners currently replacing their oil boilers are the laggards, while those replacing resistance heaters are the �early adopters�. Economic aspects and functional reliability were the most important factors for the homeowners when considering a new heating system. There is a variation in the perceived advantages associated with each of the innovative heating systems and therefore, the diffusion patterns of such systems vary. Installers and interpersonal sources were the most important communication channels for information on heating systems.
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| 48. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, Professor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural change based energy efficiency at Volvo Construction Equipment, Braås, Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial Efficiency 2016. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198048285 - 9789198048292 ; , s. 351-357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial energy efficiency studies have mostly focused on innovative technological approaches and solutions and discussed hindrances to investments oriented measures. However, very little research has been done to understand the challenges of implementing interventions to change employee behavior and the corresponding energy savings potentials. Behaviour may be investment (e.g. decision to buy an expensive machine) or non-investment (e.g. turn of machines when not in operation) in nature, but in this paper behavioral change refers to the transformation in executing everyday non-investment tasks. Volvo Construction Equipment AB in Braås, Sweden (VCE Braås) has recently implemented a behavioral change strategy to improve energy efficiency of the production process. The approach was introduced following the global Volvo CE goal that all production plants of the company would reduce idle electricity use during off-production hours to 15 % (from 25 % to 40 % in different plants) during the period 2013-15. This paper analyzes the factors contributing to the energy efficiency achievements of VCE Braås through the application of behavioral change theories and focus group interviews with production leaders and group leaders. Results showed that a concrete goal, the commitment of the leadership including employment of a fulltime project leader who earlier worked as a production worker at VCE Braås, and the involvement of both the leadership and employees (production leaders, group leaders and floor workers) in project management were key to the success of the project.
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| 49. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy innovations: the case of wood pellet systems in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 19:1, s. 99-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of global warming and dependence on fossil fuels, modern bioenergy systems have evolved with a large global potential. Small-scale pellet heating systems for space heating of detached houses is one application of bioenergy technology. In Sweden, such systems have advantages over oil-fired and electric boiler systems in terms of the total lifecycle heating cost to consumers. However, the diffusion of this technology into the market has hitherto been rather slow. By combining an extended configuration cycle model with a dynamic multi-level perspective on system innovation, we have studied the factors involved in the diffusion of such systems in Sweden. The results indicate that investment cost may not be the major issue, but that other factors such as annual fuel cost of heating, lack of information, dissatisfaction of early adopters, and technology lock-in are among the most important factors.
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| 50. |
- Mahapatra, Krushna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Business models for full service energy efficient renovation of single family houses in Nordic countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: ICAE2012. ; , s. 593-602
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Nordic countries significant primary energy efficiency potential exists in houses built before 1980. These old houses need to be renovated, which provides an opportunity for implementation of energy efficiency measures. However, there are several economic and market barriers and the renovation market are dominated by handicraft-based individual solutions. In this project we analyze the opportunities for implementation of one-stop-shop business models where an overall contractor offers full-service renovation packages including consulting, independent energy audit, renovation work, follow-up (independent quality control and commissioning) and financing.A comparative assessment of emerging business models shows that different types of actors (renovation company, insulation company, energy utility, building product warehouse) can provide such a service. Financing is included in some models. There are differences in how customers are contacted, while the similarities are more on how the service is provided. A main challenge is how to secure independent advising and there is there is uncertainty over who will be responsible for guarantee of the renovation work if the service provider goes bankrupt.Even though there is strong business potential for one-stop-shop energy renovation concept, still it has been somewhat difficult to start or run such a business. Various options to overcome the barriers to promote energy efficient renovation of detached houses are discussed.
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