1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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2. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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3. |
- Murray, Christopher J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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4. |
- Akram, Waseem, et al.
(författare)
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An energy-efficient and secure identity based RFID authentication scheme for vehicular cloud computing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier. - 1389-1286 .- 1872-7069. ; 217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is a contemporary paradigm that includes the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and vehicular networking technologies. VCC offers vehicle-to-device, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication in which the vehicles can communicate using sensing abilities. VCC is exploiting the IoT environment, cloud architecture, and vehicle resources. However, the energy-efficient privacy of communicators and security of communication are assertive problems in VCC. To accomplish this goal, we present an identity-based authentication scheme for VCC which also uses radio frequency identification (RFID). The security and robustness of the devised scheme are evaluated using informal and formal analysis. The informal analysis shows that our scheme is vigorous to resist various attacks. The formal analysis is done through Random Oracle Model (ROM) which shows that the scheme is secure and efficient. The performance of our scheme is also determined and compared with various related schemes which clearly illustrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. Thus, our scheme is very efficient for employment in the VCC environment.
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5. |
- Azeem, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, in-vitro antibacterial evaluation and in-silico analysis of polycaprolactone containing chitosan-quercetin microspheres
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0739-1102 .- 1538-0254. ; 41:15, s. 7084-7103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of present study was to synthesize a novel chitosan-quercetin (CTS-QT) complex by making a carbodiimide linkage using maleic anhydride as cross-linker and to investigate its enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities as compare to pure CTS and QT. Equimolar concentration of QT and maleic anhydride were used to react with 100 mg CTS to form CTS-QT complex. For this purpose, three bacterial strains namely E. Coli, S. Aureus and P. Aeruginosa were used for in-vitro antibacterial analysis (ZOI, MIC, MBC, checker board and time kill assay). Later molecular docking studies were performed on protein structure of E. Coli to assess binding affinity of pure QT and CTS-QT complex. MD simulations with accelerated settings were used to explore the protein-ligand complexs binding interactions and stability. Antioxidant profile was determined by performing DPPH center dot radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total reducing power (TRP) assays. Delivery mechanism to CTS-QT complex was improved by synthesizing polycaprolactone containing microspheres (CTS-QT-PCL-Levo-Ms) using Levofloxacin as model drug to enhance their antibacterial profile. Resulted microspheres were evaluated by particle size, charge, surface morphology, in-vitro drug release and hemolytic profile and are all were found within limits. Antibacterial assay revealed that CTS-QT-PCL-Levo-Ms showed more than two folds increased bactericidal activity against E. Coli and P. Aeruginosa, while 1.5 folds against S. Aureus. Green colored formation of phosphate molybdate complexes with highest 85 +/- 1.32% TAC confirmed its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that CTS-QT was embedded nicely within the active pocket of UPPS with binding energy greater than QT with RSMD value of below 1.5. Conclusively, use of maleic acid, in-vitro and in-silico antimicrobial studies confirm the emergence of CTS-QT complex containing microspheres as novel treatment strategy for all types of bacterial infections. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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6. |
- Cole, John W, et al.
(författare)
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Genetics of the thrombomodulin-endothelial cell protein C receptor system and the risk of early-onset ischemic stroke.
- 2018
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphisms in coagulation genes have been associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. Here we pursue an a priori hypothesis that genetic variation in the endothelial-based receptors of the thrombomodulin-protein C system (THBD and PROCR) may similarly be associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. We explored this hypothesis utilizing a multi-stage design of discovery and replication.Discovery was performed in the Genetics-of-Early-Onset Stroke (GEOS) Study, a biracial population-based case-control study of ischemic stroke among men and women aged 15-49 including 829 cases of first ischemic stroke (42.2% African-American) and 850 age-comparable stroke-free controls (38.1% African-American). Twenty-four single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) in THBD and 22 SNPs in PROCR were evaluated. Following LD pruning (r2≥0.8), we advanced uncorrelated SNPs forward for association analyses. Associated SNPs were evaluated for replication in an early-onset ischemic stroke population (onset-age<60 years) consisting of 3676 cases and 21118 non-stroke controls from 6 case-control studies. Lastly, we determined if the replicated SNPs also associated with older-onset ischemic stroke in the METASTROKE data-base.Among GEOS Caucasians, PROCR rs9574, which was in strong LD with 8 other SNPs, and one additional independent SNP rs2069951, were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (rs9574, OR = 1.33, p = 0.003; rs2069951, OR = 1.80, p = 0.006) using an additive-model adjusting for age, gender and population-structure. Adjusting for risk factors did not change the associations; however, associations were strengthened among those without risk factors. PROCR rs9574 also associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in the replication sample (OR = 1.08, p = 0.015), but not older-onset stroke. There were no PROCR associations in African-Americans, nor were there any THBD associations in either ethnicity.PROCR polymorphisms are associated with early-onset ischemic stroke in Caucasians.
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7. |
- Farash, Mohammad Sabzinejad, et al.
(författare)
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A Provably Secure RFID Authentication Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve for Healthcare Environments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 40:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enhance the quality of healthcare in the management of chronic disease, telecare medical information systems have increasingly been used. Very recently, Zhang and Qi (J. Med. Syst. 38(5):47, 32), and Zhao (J. Med. Syst. 38(5):46, 33) separately proposed two authentication schemes for telecare medical information systems using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. They claimed that their protocols achieve all security requirements including forward secrecy. However, this paper demonstrates that both Zhang and Qiâs scheme, and Zhaoâs scheme could not provide forward secrecy. To augment the security, we propose an efficient RFID authentication scheme using elliptic curves for healthcare environments. The proposed RFID scheme is secure under common random oracle model.
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8. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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9. |
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10. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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A seamless anonymous authentication protocol for mobile edge computing infrastructure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Computer Communications. - : Elsevier. - 0140-3664 .- 1873-703X. ; 186, s. 12-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) accommodates processing and data storage and manipulation capabilities across the scope of wireless network. In MEC environment, MEC servers along with the computing and storage capabilities are distributed at the edge of the network. However, due to the broad range of wireless communication, the fulfillment of security requirements still remain a challenging task in the for MEC environment. With the expeditious traffic expansion and growing end user requirements, the classic security protocols cannot encounter the innovative requirements of lightweightness and real-time communication. To meet these requirements, we have proposed an authentication protocol for the MEC environment. Our proposed protocol stipulates secure and efficient communication for all of the intended entities. Meanwhile, during its execution user anonymity remains intact. Moreover, our protocol is proven to be secure under the assumptions of formal security model. Additionally in this article, we have described the security properties of our protocol that it offers resistance against impersonation, session key computation and forward and backward secrecy attacks. The comparative analysis of time consumption and computation overheads are presented at the end of the paper, which is an evidence that our proposed protocol outperforms prior to various existing MEC protocols.
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11. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Analytics of IIoT Data Using a NoSQL Datastore
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665412520 - 9781665429498 ; , s. 97-104
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many business and mission-critical decisions of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) depend on efficient data management of sensor streams. Contemporary distributed IIoT applications consist of large numbers of sensors, producing massive volumes of heterogeneous sensor streams at high rates. The combination of these features of IIoT applications pose substantial challenges for existing Database Management Systems (DBMSs) in providing scalable data analytics. For example, Relational-DBMSs (RDBMSs) exhibit scalability issues, single point of failure, and difficulty in managing heterogeneity due to it’s rigid schemas. In contrast to RDBMSs, distributed NoSQL datastores could provide scalability of heterogeneous data. However, the simple query processing capabilities of NoSQL datastores limit advanced analytics. In this paper, we first compare both approaches, having an RDBMS and NoSQL backend for providing data-management solutions for distributed IIoT applications. Then, we utilize query processing in an in-memory database to integrate edge computing with the NoSQL datastore. By utilizing high-volume streams from a real-world IIoT application of Bosch Rexroth - Hägglund, we show that the proposed approach can potentially overcome the limitations of both RDBMS and NoSQL databases for performing advanced analytics.
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12. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of NoSQL Datastores for Large Scale Data Stream Log Analytics
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). - : IEEE. - 9781728116891 ; , s. 478-480
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of cyber-physical systems, industrial internet of things (IIoT) and industrial analytics numerous application scenarios have emerged where business and mission-critical decisions depend upon large scale analysis of data in form of sensor streams. However, large volumes of sensor stream data generated at high frequency pose substantial challenges for existing scalable data analysis techniques requiring the use of high-performance distributed datastores. This work covers in-depth performance comparison of three principal categories of distributed state-of-the-art NoSQL datastores by evaluating their applicability and efficiency for large-scale analysis of sensor logs from real-world hydraulic power systems. One central datastore is selected from each of the three principal categories of NoSQL datastores: MongoDB from the document store, Cassandra from the column store and Redis from the distributed main memory key-value store to be included in the performance evaluation. Understanding the differences and behavior of this type of systems are crucial for optimizing application performance. Key insights from this work can serve as a basis for an improved understanding of the applicability of NoSQL datastores in systems for large scale data stream analysis. This will be important for supporting data analytics in IIoT applications as found in monitoring and control of Power plants, Smart Cities, Transportation systems, Environmental and Health monitoring, etc.
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13. |
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14. |
- Mahmood, Khalid
(författare)
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Scalable Data Management for Internet of Things
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Internet of Things (IoT) often involve considerable numbers of sensors that produce large volumes of data. In this context, efficient management of data could potentially enable automatic decision making based on analytics of sensors on equipment. However, these sensors are often geographically distributed and generate diverse formats of data in form of sensor streams at a high rate. The combination of these properties of IoT pose significant challenges for the existing database management systems (DBMSs) to provide scalable data storage and analytics.The problem of providing efficient data management of distributed IoT applications using DBMS technologies is addressed in this thesis. Initially, we developed a prototype system, Fused LOg database Query Processor (FLOQ), which enables general query processingover collections of relational databases that are deployed locally on distributed sites to store sensor measurement logs. Although FLOQ provides efficient query execution when scaling the number of distributed databases, it exhibits complexity and scalability issues for large IoT applications having heterogeneous data. The limitations of FLOQ are primarily inherent to its use of relational database backends for storage of sensor logs.When a relational database is used to store large-scale IoT data, it exhibits several challenges. The loading of massive logs produced at high rates is not fast enough due to its strong consistency mechanisms. Furthermore, it could demonstrate a single point of failure that limits the availability, and the inflexible schemas make it difficult to manage heterogeneity. In contrast to relational databases, distributed NoSQL data stores could provide scalable storage of heterogeneous data through data partitioning, replication, and high availability by sacrificing strong consistency. To understand the suitability of NoSQL databases, this thesis also investigates to what degree NoSQL DBMSs provide scalable storage and analytics of IoT applications by comparing a variety of state-of-the-art relational and NoSQL databases for real-world industrial IoT data. The experimental evaluations reveal that the scalability can be provided by the distributed NoSQL data stores; however, the support of advanced data analytics is difficult due to their limited query processing capabilities. Furthermore, data management of distributed IoT applications often requires seamless integration between a real-time edge analytics platform, a distributed storage manager, effective data integration, and query processing techniques for handling heterogeneity. Therefore, in order to provide a holistic data management solution, this thesis developed the Extended Query Processing (EQP) system, which enables advanced analytics for supporting both edge and offline analytics for large-scale IoT applications.These contributions enable efficient data management of large-scale heterogeneous IoT applications and supports advanced analytics.
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15. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Scalable Real-Time Analytics for IoT Applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665412520 - 9781665429498 ; , s. 404-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale industrial internet of things (IIoT) applications usually access distributed equipment where high-volume sensor streams are processed. The building of scalable analytic queries and models over such streams could potentially enhance various industrial processes management tasks, e.g., distribution, delivery, and predictive online maintenance. To enable real-time and historical analytics over distributed IIoT applications, we have combined an edge data stream management system (EDSMS), sa.engine, with the highly distributed NoSQL database MongoDB. For supporting advanced analytics and high-volume stream injection into MongoDB, we integrated an extended query processing (EQP) system with sa.engine and MongoDB. This work demonstrates how EQP provides a holistic data management solution for IIoT based on a use case for sound anomaly detection of distributed equipment.
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16. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Utilizing a NoSQL Data Store for Scalable Log Analysis
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potential problem for persisting large volume of data logs with a conventional relational database is that loading massive logs produced at high rates is not fast enough due to the strong consistency model and high cost of indexing. As a possible alternative, a modern NoSQL data store, which sacrifices transactional consistency to achieve higher performance and scalability, can be utilized. In this paper, we investigate to what degree a state-of-the-art NoSQL database can achieve high performance persisting and fundamental analyses of large-scale data logs from real world applications. For the evaluation, a state-of-the-art NoSQL database, MongoDB, is compared with a relational DBMS from a major commercial vendor and with a popular open source relational DBMS. MongoDB is chosen as it provides both primary and secondary indexing compared to other popular NoSQL systems. These indexing techniques are essential for scalable processing of queries over large scale data logs. To explore the impact of parallelism on query execution, sharding was investigated for MongoDB. Our results revealed that relaxing the consistency did not provide substantial performance enhancement in persisting large-scale data logs for any of the systems. However, for high-performance loading and analysis of data logs, MongoDB is shown to be a viable alternative compared to relational databases for queries where the choice of an optimal execution plan is not critical.
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17. |
- Mahmood, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Wrapping a NoSQL Datastore for Stream Analytics
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 21st International Conference On Information Reuse And Integration For Data Science (IRI 2020). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 301-305
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industrial Analytics, numerous application scenarios emerge, where business and mission-critical decisions depend upon large scale analytics of sensor streams. However, very large volumes of data from data streams generated at a high rate pose substantial challenges in providing scalable analytics from existing Database Management Systems (DBMS). While scalability can be provided by high-performance distributed datastores, due to the simple query operations, access to high-level query-based data analytics is usually limited. This work combines high-level query-based data analytics capabilities with high-performance distributed scalability by applying a wrapper-mediator approach. The Amos II extensible main-memory DBMS provides online query processing data analytics engine in front of the MongoDB distributed NoSQL datastore to support large-scale distributed data analytics over persisted data streams. Thus, the implemented system enables query-based online data stream analytics over persisted data streams stored/logged in distributed NoSQL datastores.
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18. |
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19. |
- Rahmat Ullah Shah, Syed, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical results of academic librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management in Pakistan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Library Management. - : Emerald. - 0143-5124 .- 1758-7921. ; 34:8/9, s. 619-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate librarians' attitude toward knowledge management in the academic environment of Pakistan. Personality characteristics and situational characteristics of behaviour were discussed in the context of a Pakistani university setting. Design/methodology/approach – This is quantitative research with closed-ended questionnaire as the tool for data collection. In data analysis, Pearson correlations of self-esteem, self-efficacy, threat and challenge with factors of knowledge management and Pearson correlations of experience with attitudes toward knowledge management were calculated. In addition, independent samples-t tests for gender and sector were applied. Findings – Significant positive correlations of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and challenges with librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management were calculated. On the other hand, research results proved that attitudes toward knowledge management had no relation with experience of librarians. Similarly, no gender wise and sector wise significant differences were observed in librarians' attitudes toward knowledge management. Research limitations/implications – This research suggests new roles, trends, and vocational settings for library and information science professionals in the field of knowledge management as the topic of future research. Practical implications – This research clarifies the personality characteristics and situational characteristics for knowledge management practices with special reference to librarianship and it contributes to the promotion of knowledge culture in Pakistan. Originality/value – This literary contribution is unique in the sense that it presents knowledge management perspectives in Pakistani librarianship. It is useful for decision makers who are involved in knowledge management attempts. It helps in selection of proper person for the proper task for knowledge management.
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20. |
- Rahmat Ullah Shah, Syed, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge-sharing behavior in dairy sector of Pakistan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Library Philosophy and Practice. - : University of Idaho Library. - 1522-0222. ; :917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is about knowledge sharing behavior in dairy sector. Two-hundred middle managers (with professional qualifications) from five industrial units in Pakistan were selected for study. Fifty-seven managers participated in the study (29 percent of the sample). Research model and hypotheses were based on behavioral theories, i.e., TRA, TPB, and TAM. Data were collected through a questionnaire using Likert scale. Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and structural equation model among different variables tested hypotheses of the research modal. The study proved that attitude, intention, and behavior had accepted mutual positive direct effects for knowledge sharing in dairy sector. Conversely, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had non-significant values but weak positive direct effects toward knowledge sharing. Findings of this study are useful for better understanding about behavioral influences for knowledge sharing. Furthermore, it is of practical use for the organizational administration involved in knowledge management initiatives in geographical circumstances of Pakistan.
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21. |
- Saadi, Saadia Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Investigation of Consanguineous Pakistani Families Segregating Rare Spinocerebellar Disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar disorders are a vast group of rare neurogenetic conditions, generally characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, cognitive deficiencies, skeletal/muscular and ocular abnormalities. The objective of the present study is to identify the underlying genetic causes of the rare spinocerebellar disorders in the Pakistani population. Herein, nine consanguineous families presenting different spinocerebellar phenotypes have been investigated using whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for segregation analysis in all the available individuals of each family. The molecular analysis of these families identified six novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants; ZFYVE26: c.1093del, SACS: c.1201C>T, BICD2: c.2156A>T, ALS2: c.2171-3T>G, ALS2: c.3145T>A, and B4GALNT1: c.334_335dup, and three already reported pathogenic variants; FA2H: c.159_176del, APTX: c.689T>G, and SETX: c.5308_5311del. The clinical features of all patients in each family are concurrent with the already reported cases. Hence, the current study expands the mutation spectrum of rare spinocerebellar disorders and implies the usefulness of next-generation sequencing in combination with clinical investigation for better diagnosis of these overlapping phenotypes.
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22. |
- Shah, Syed Rahmatullah, et al.
(författare)
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Contributing factors in knowledge sharing for performance of university students in teachers’ training programs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Library Management. - 0143-5124 .- 1758-7921. ; 37:8/9, s. 496-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study stated effects of independent variables of trust, social networks, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) on explicit and tacit knowledge. Further, it explained contributions of explicit and tacit knowledge to performance in academic environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on research model of hypothetical relationships of various criterion and predictor variables. Structural equation model was used in which research model was analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsSome criterion variables were observed for predictor variables of explicit and tacit knowledge. It was observed that explicit knowledge contributed indirectly and tacit knowledge contributed directly to overall performance. Current research explained explicit and tacit knowledge as contributors for performance. It also explained effects and patterns of explicit and tacit knowledge toward performance.Originality/valueThis research highlighted that the effects of contributing factors for explicit and tacit knowledge have variations in response to socio-economic and geo-political circumstances. These variations can be expected from other issues like use and access of ICTs. But contributing pattern of knowledge for performance remains same.
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23. |
- Shah, Syed Rahmatullah, et al.
(författare)
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Research on knowledge management of Pakistan : A literature review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Library Philosophy and Practice. - Nebraska, USA. - 1522-0222.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research is about knowledge management in academics and organizational business practices of Pakistan. Research proceedings revealed that knowledge management is emerging as new concept and is getting grounds in Pakistani environment. Article reviews the knowledge management literature in and about Pakistan. An overview of knowledge management initiatives and attempts in any form were focus of this research. Knowledge management related information was collected by literature search through websites, research journal archives, and library catalogues. This research is of practical use for researchers and organizational management who are involved in knowledge management research and practices.
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24. |
- Shah, Syed Rahmat Ullah, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Google scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus search results : The case of inclusive education research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Library Philosophy and Practice. - 1522-0222.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on inclusive education focusing on the development, scholarly publishing, and various influences on the body of knowledge (information sources, authors, institutions, and countries). Data for this study were collected from three reference and citation-enhanced indexing databases, i.e., Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. There was diversity in terms of variations of results from one database to the other. This research will be valuable for academia and researchers alike in the field of inclusive education. The researchers in scholarly communication research area, policy makers, and those involved in measuring researchers’ performance for promotions and awards on the basis of publications and citations indicators may also benefit.
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