| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Predicting the Off-treatment Duration in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Degarelix as Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 3:4-5, s. 470-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IAD) is commonly used in prostate cancer because of the benefits of the off-treatment period (OTP). The off-treatment time for patients depends on cancer progression, often measured as a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To evaluate if certain factors can predict OTP duration following 7-mo degarelix therapy. Design, setting, and participants: This multivariable analysis included 191 prostate cancer patients with baseline PSA 4–50 ng/ml or PSA doubling time <24 mo entering the first OTP with PSA ≤4 ng/ml and testosterone <0.5 ng/ml. OTP continued until disease progression, measured as PSA >4 ng/ml. Despite a study-defined OTP maximum of 24 mo, a 50% failure rate was not observed within certain strata. A Weibull distribution was used to estimate median time to PSA >4 ng/ml adjusted for the following variables: age; baseline (or end of induction period [EOI]) PSA; baseline testosterone; cancer stage/previous curative treatment; and Gleason score. According to the results and the utility of these factors in clinical practice, the model was reduced in a stepwise manner. Time to testosterone recovery (testosterone >0.5 and >2.2 ng/ml) was estimated in a similar manner. Results: The full five-factor model showed that baseline PSA (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.004), prostate cancer stage/previous therapy (p = 0.023), and baseline testosterone (p = 0.039) influenced OTP. A reduced two-factor model (baseline PSA, age) showed that only baseline PSA influenced OTP (p < 0.0001), and patients with baseline PSA ≤4 ng/ml had the longest OTP. In addition, EOI PSA (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.050) significantly influenced OTP. The times to testosterone >0.5 and >2.2 ng/ml were longer for older patients and those with lower baseline testosterone levels. Conclusion: Patients with lower baseline and EOI PSA, and older patients can stay off therapy longer and therefore may benefit more from degarelix IAD. These factors may help in proposing an algorithm to predict the OTP and optimise visit frequency. Patient summary: We describe extended analysis results for a trial in which patients with prostate cancer received intermittent androgen deprivation treatment. Prostate-specific antigen levels at baseline and at the end of the induction period, as well as older age, predicted the duration of the off-treatment period. Testosterone recovery was slower in older patients and in patients who had lower pretreatment testosterone levels. These factors may help in deciding whether to choose continuous or intermittent treatment as a strategy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00801242 Age and prostate-specific antigen levels before and at the end of active treatment seem to predict off-treatment duration for degarelix as intermittent androgen deprivation treatment (ADT). This information could be valuable in proposing an algorithm to predict the off-treatment period, optimise visit schedules, and set the restart sate for ADT.
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| 2. |
- Fridholm, Tobias, 1980-
(författare)
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Working Together : Exploring Relational Tensions in Swedish Academia
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the basic social conditions for high-quality university research, and focuses on research in science and technology in Sweden. Swedish research policy has adopted more of a market perspective on academic research and its role in society. This has meant the promotion of competition between researchers, increased focus on efficiency at universities, and attempts to make academia harmonize more with industry and other actors. How do such policies affect the variety of perspectives within the academic system? How do they affect the positions and identities of individual academics? These issues are discussed through the concept of "relational tensions". Relational tensions refer to social strains arising when interacting actors have different perspectives. Relational tensions can stimulate creativity, but may also cause unproductive conflicts. The discussion is underpinned by interviews with university researchers and a case study of Uppsala BIO-X, a program to commercialize university research in biotechnology. Typical cases of relational tensions are identified. These concern both interpersonal relations and differences between organized science and industry. A notable observation concerns potential frustration of individual academics, as competition and efficiency tends to make their positions and identities more contested. Researchers cope with relational tensions in three identified ways: socialization, seclusion, and lateral authority. Socialization is natural and often necessary, but reduces the variety of perspectives. Seclusion serves to retain variety and independence, but reduces interaction with others. Lateral authority is to formally or informally lend a researcher more authority, which improves the chance of maintaining a variety of perspectives without reducing interaction. The sustained usefulness of academic research arguably depends on its ability to foster and communicate a variety of perspectives. Hence, (i) promoting lateral authority seems fruitful within academia and in relations between academia and industry, and (ii) encouraging competition and efficiency may to some extent be counterproductive.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lagerholm, Magnus, 1973-
(författare)
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Kunskap och innovation i ett moget kluster : En ekonomisk-geografisk studie av aluminiumindustrin i Småland-Blekinge
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aims at understanding mechanisms behind knowledge generation and learning in a mature cluster by analysing firms in south-east Sweden engaged in the development and manufacturing of aluminium products. The point of departure is in concepts and assumptions related to spatially concen-trated systems of similar and related firms and industries, such as agglomera-tions, clusters or innovation systems.Three sets of empirical analyses have been conducted: a mail survey, a series of in-depth interviews and a register-based analysis. The analyses focus on three themes: inter-firm relations, the embeddedness of the clustered firms in the region, and the role of labour and labour mobility in cluster development. It is shown that also in a rather mature and low-tech cluster, firm competi-tiveness rests on continuous knowledge upgrading and innovation. In general terms, firms in this cluster do have business relations with other firms at all different spatial scales. While there are manifold buyer-supplier relations within the cluster, most firms have their most important linkages outside the region. The firms regard themselves as part of a cluster and various mecha-nisms contribute to this. There is a strong sense of trust and loyalty, and this applies in particular to those engaged either in some of the more organized supplier networks or the regional cluster initiative Aluminiumriket. Finally, the cluster does not seem to constitute a very fluid labour market for special-ised skills. Labour mobility between firms in this particular cluster seems to be fairly low.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Malmberg, Anders, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Population age structure – An underlying driver of national, regional and urban economic development
- 2023
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Ingår i: ZFW - Advances in Economic Geography. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2748-1956 .- 2748-1964. ; 67:4, s. 217-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that population age structure plays a significant role alongside institutional, technological, political, and cultural factors when it comes to explaining shifts in urban, regional and national economic development. The paper demonstrates how demographic transitions lead to changes in population age structure which in turn correlate with global shifts in economic development from 1950 onwards. It then analyzes the role of population age structure at the sub-national level by reviewing some prominent cases of regional and urban shifts in Western Europe and North America. Population size, population density and migration have always been an integrated part of economic geography, and the consequences of ageing in national and regional economies are increasingly being studied. The specific role of population age structure as a driver of economic development has, however, so far largely been ignored in the field.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Persson, Bo-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Serum alkaline phosphatase levels in men with prostate cancer treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - Lakarhuset, Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Colorado, Aurora, CO USA. Ferring Pharmaceut, Copenhagen, Denmark.. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 33:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Uppsala Biotech Cluster : Baseline Results from the 2004 Uppsala Biotech Cluster Survey
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Just 65 kilometers to the north of Stockholm, Sweden, the Uppsala region has beenincreasingly receiving worldwide recognition during the past five years as a strongand dynamic cluster in the field of biotechnology. In 2003, Vinnova and theVinnväxt Program awarded Uppsala BIO – the Life Science Initiative a package offinancial support for a period of ten years to further support the region’sdevelopment and competitiveness. Uppsala BIO contracted CIND to facilitate inthis process, and one of CIND’s first activities was to conduct the 2004 UppsalaBiotech Cluster Survey. This survey was designed to gain an understanding of thecurrent “state of affairs” in the Uppsala biotech cluster, and selected survey resultsare presented in this report.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Waxell, Anders, 1972-
(författare)
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Uppsalas biotekniska industriella system : En ekonomisk-geografisk studie av interaktion, kunskapsspridning och arbetsmarknadsrörlighet
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of the thesis is to study industrial transformation and growth within a local cluster of biotech activities in Uppsala, Sweden. A combination of theoretical approaches is used to address questions of why certain regions become more competitive: the cluster approach, innovation systems theory, and the technological systems approach. First, the industrial system is mapped in order to identify important local actors and structures. Secondly, by using interviews, a questionnaire, and a longitudinal database, key relations are studied from a spatial point of view. Four different fields of interaction are studied: business and market interaction; interaction with investors; collaborative and overall social interaction; and labor market interaction. The importance of the local milieu varies depending on the types of interaction in focus. Business interaction is predominantly global. Relations with investors are mainly regional and focused to the broader Stockholm region. The local milieu in Uppsala is more significant with respect to formal cooperation and collaboration, especially between local academy and industry actors, as well as informal interaction and social networks. The local milieu also seems to be important for knowledge transfer on the labor market. The creation of innovations and competitiveness is not just an outcome of buyer-supplier linkages, but is also a result of both formal and informal interaction occurring between industry and actors in the institutional and environmental setting, where knowledge, skills and information can be traded and/or transferred. Thus, the presence of knowledge intensive local actors and the quality of the relations is an important factor for the creation of industrial transformation and growth.
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| 15. |
- Waxell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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What is global and what is local in knowledge-generating interaction? : The case of the biotech cluster in Uppsala, Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 19:2, s. 137-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe the structure of the biotech cluster in Uppsala, Sweden, and to analyse how cluster knowledge dynamics result from processes and interactions unfolding at different spatial scales. The empirical basis for the analyses are derived from various sources: business registers, an internet- based survey of 106 firms, 23 in-depth interviews with key individuals, and a longitudinal database give data on the degree to which collaborations, rivalry, business transactions, capital sourcing and labour mobility take place in the local cluster. In addition to asking questions about which interactions are most localized and globalized, respectively, the paper also sets out to give an account of the 'clusterness' of the case in point. The paper shows that while the business relations of the biotech companies in Uppsala are strongly globalized, the sourcing of capital, the informal social networking and the labour market dynamics are much more regionalized/ localized.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturell friktion
- 1995
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
- Arnqvist, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledning i förskolan : Villkor och uttryck
- 2019. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under de senast decennierna har förskolan i Sverige och Norge varit föremål för flera större förändringar. Genom en rad reformer har förskolan och dess styrning förändrats på ett genomgripande sätt, vilket naturligtvis också har betydelse för hur ledning och styrning i förskolan omformas och utövas.Med denna antologi vill vi bidra med kunskap om hur villkor och uttryck för ledning i förskolan har förändrats och omformats under de senaste decennierna. Undersökningar genomförda i Sverige och Norge utgör underlag för de olika bidragen i den här antologin och berör teman som: villkor för förskolechefens uppdrag och ansvar, dilemman och utmaningar, kunskaper och traditioner, förväntningar och förändringsarbete. De sätts alla in i sitt kontextuella sammanhang och knyts till tidigare forskning på området.Boken är i första hand tänkt att användas i utbildningar för förskolans ledare som rektorsprogrammet, fortbildningar för förskolechefer men även i rekryteringsutbildningar. Men också för kompetensutveckling i målgruppen yrkesverksamma förskolechefer.Bokens redaktörer och författare är verksamma vid universitet i Sverige och Norge och har rik erfarenhet av frågor som rör förskolans ledning och styrning i utbildnings-, utvecklings- och forskningssammanhang.
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| 19. |
- Atkinson, Lucy, et al.
(författare)
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The Environment and Political Participation in Science Education
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing attention to the role of education in teaching environmental issues such as climate change (Teach the Future, n.d.). Whilst environmental issues are science-dependent, science is not sufficient to respond to today’s environmental challenges. Yet internationally, science and geography are those subjects most likely to include environmental content (UNESCO, 2021). In England, students can expect to learn about environmental challenges including climate change, biodiversity and pollution during their compulsory science education (DfE, 2013). These topics are often controversial, rife with moral tensions (Zeidler, Herman, & Sadler, 2019), and characterised by both descriptive facts and normative values. The values often deal with solutions to the problems, what kind of actions can be taken on an individual or societal level and even what kind of society is preferred. This makes the issues both scientific and political. Yet little is known about how politics enters the science classroom. In this study, we aim to understand how environmental politics enters the classroom, and how science teachers address different approaches to political participation with their students.In order to develop democratic environmental governance, there is a need for representation of different groups of people, opportunities for participation and for spaces for deliberation (Lidskog & Elander, 2007), i.e. for politics. Schools are potential sites for participation and deliberation and for learning democracy (Biesta & Lawy, 2006). Politics can be defined in different ways, from a narrow focus on electoral processes to broader conceptualisations which include different ways of making decisions and shaping power relations. In this study, we are concerned with power and social change (Dahl & Stinebrickner, 2003) i.e. “the capacity for agency and deliberation in situations of genuine collective or social choice” (Hay, 2007, p. 77) through science education. This definition of politics goes beyond electoral and party politics and includes activities outside formal political institutions. This is in accordance with Heywood (1999)’s characterisation of politics as an a social activity that arises out of interaction between or among people, which develops out of diversity (the existence of different interests, wants, needs and goals), and which relates to collective decisions which are regarded as binding upon a group of people. Carter (2018) identifies the environment as a policy problem for several reasons, including that the environment can be considered a public good, with complex and interdependent relationships between people and ecosystems acting across national borders with consequences felt into the future.This characterisation of politics is relevant to the study context as education is a social activity which brings together people with different views, interests and goals in relation to the environment, and it is a context in which collective decisions can be made, for example, about how the school function, what is taught (and how), and what actions or outcomes are desirable as a result of education. Not all of these actions and outcomes can be considered political and we see politics as related to societal engagement and political participation more broadly. Ekman and Amnå (2012) have developed a typology of different forms of participation in society. They distinguish between (a) non-participation (disengagement); (b) civic participation (latent political), whether social involvement or civic engagement; and (c) political participation (manifest political), which can be formal political participation or activism. Each of these three types of participation are further classified in terms of individual and collective forms. In this study, we use Ekman and Amnå’s (2012) typology to understand the ways in which teachers address the political dimensions of the environment in school science. The research question we set out to explore in the study is: how do science teachers address political participation in science education?Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources UsedAn exploratory qualitative approach was used to understand science teachers’ perceptions and approaches to environmental politics. We focused on science teachers with responsibility for teaching students aged 11-16 in England because we were interested in what students experience during their compulsory secondary science education, where the curriculum demands that they learn about ecosystems and the environment.A deductive approach to instrument design was used, drawing on Ekman and Amnå’s (2012) typology of latent and manifest political participation and non-participation (see Table 1 above) in the design of the interview guide and in the analysis of data to understand the ways in which politics enters the science classroom. Given the potentially sensitive nature of some of the questions, we used one-to-one interviews, conducted online to increase the geographical reach, and minimise the need for travel. The interview guide contained open-ended questions on science teachers’ perspectives on and experiences of teaching environmental politics in science education. We deliberately did not ask about educational policy; only about teachers’ own experiences, practices, personal perspectives and barriers they encountered. Participants were provided with an infographic using examples from Ekman and Amnå’s (2012) typology and asked to mark ways of participating in society which they had:planned and taught (green); mentioned in passing or in response to a question from a student (orange); and, never addressed (red). The interview focused on reasons for these decisions. Interviews were conducted by three members of the research team and took place in January - June 2022. Each lasted approximately 1 hour.Interviews with 11 teachers were recorded and transcribed and interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith, 2004) used to analyse the data. This approach aims not at generalisation but rather to understand how individuals make sense of their own experiences (Guihen, 2019), namely, how politics enters the science classroom. IPA is typically used to generate meaningful insights from a small dataset, often in psychology and health sciences. It is appropriate here because it provides a way to understand how participants make sense of their social world, it allows for diversity of perceptions rather than looking for a single objective truth and it allows researchers to interpret these experiences and understand the perspective of an insider and then interpret what it means for them to have this perspective (Reid, Flowers, & Larkin, 2005). An iterative approach to data analysis was used, with reflexive discussions between each stage of analysis. Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or FindingsTeachers participating in this study saw a place for politics in science education. However, it was described as almost absent in lessons. Teachers were more likely to discuss individual, legal, forms of participation, focusing on civil (latent political) actions rather than collective, manifest forms of participating. Even when politics enters the classroom, it tends to be students rather than teachers who introduce the topic, unless there are links to the curriculum or other legal and political frameworks. Policy (national and school) and colleague and student perceptions prevented teachers from planning to discuss manifest forms of political participation with students. Politics (especially collective aspects) are experienced as off-limits to teachers in the study. This post-political logic distances people (here, young people but also teachers) from involvement in decision-making and reduces their capacity to be involved in environmental decision-making now and in the future. These absences, we argue, contribute to a broader societal trend which closes off spaces to discuss and celebrate disagreement (Blühdorn & Deflorian, 2021), and which diminish the potential for young people to learn democracy. In order to develop democratic governance of environmental issues, there is a need for representation, opportunities for participation and for spaces for deliberation (Liskog & Elander, 2007). Schools are in many ways ideal sites to encourage political participation as they are shared spaces of learning - both about forms of participation but also how to participate and to deliberate across disagreement, or as one of the teachers in this study put it ‘we need to teach them how to use their voice properly and how to be heard’. This requires those who are in positions where they can act to listen to these voices and engage in deliberation and bring politics - as the capacity to deliberate and make collective decisions - into the science classroom.
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| 20. |
- Axelsson, Tomas A, et al.
(författare)
-
Is emergency and salvage coronary artery bypass grafting justified? The Nordic Emergency/Salvage coronary artery bypass grafting study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 49:5, s. 1451-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the EuroSCORE-II criteria, patients undergoing emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are operated on before the beginning of the next working day after decision to operate while salvage CABG patients require cardiopulmonary resuscitation en route to the operating theatre. The objective of this multicentre study was to investigate the efficacy of emergency and salvage CABG.
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| 21. |
- Ayyalasomayajula, Kalyan Ram, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
CalligraphyNet: Augmenting handwriting generation with quill based stroke width
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Realistic handwritten document generation garners a lot ofinterest from the document research community for its abilityto generate annotated data. In the current approach we haveused GAN-based stroke width enrichment and style transferbased refinement over generated data which result in realisticlooking handwritten document images. The GAN part of dataaugmentation transfers the stroke variation introduced by awriting instrument onto images rendered from trajectories cre-ated by tracking coordinates along the stylus movement. Thecoordinates from stylus movement are augmented with thelearned stroke width variations during the data augmentationblock. An RNN model is then trained to learn the variationalong the movement of the stylus along with the stroke varia-tions corresponding to an input sequence of characters. Thismodel is then used to generate images of words or sentencesgiven an input character string. A document image thus cre-ated is used as a mask to transfer the style variations of the inkand the parchment. The generated image can capture the colorcontent of the ink and parchment useful for creating annotated data.
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| 22. |
- Ayyalasomayajula, Kalyan Ram, 1980-
(författare)
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Learning based segmentation and generation methods for handwritten document images
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computerized analysis of handwritten documents is an active research area in image analysis and computer vision. The goal is to create tools that can be available for use at university libraries and for researchers in the humanities. Working with large collections of handwritten documents is very time consuming and many old books and letters remain unread for centuries. Efficient computerized methods could help researchers in history, philology and computer linguistics to cost-effectively conduct a whole new type of research based on large collections of documents. The thesis makes a contribution to this area through the development of methods based on machine learning. The passage of time degrades historical documents. Humidity, stains, heat, mold and natural aging of the materials for hundreds of years make the documents increasingly difficult to interpret. The first half of the dissertation is therefore focused on cleaning the visual information in these documents by image segmentation methods based on energy minimization and machine learning. However, machine learning algorithms learn by imitating what is expected of them. One prerequisite for these methods to work is that ground truth is available. This causes a problem for historical documents because there is a shortage of experts who can help to interpret and interpret them. The second part of the thesis is therefore about automatically creating synthetic documents that are similar to handwritten historical documents. Because they are generated from a known text, they have a given facet. The visual content of the generated historical documents includes variation in the writing style and also imitates degradation factors to make the images realistic. When machine learning is trained on synthetic images of handwritten text, with a known facet, in many cases they can even give an even better result for real historical documents.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bengnér, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Independent skewing of the T cell and NK cell compartments associated with cytomegalovirus infection suggests division of labor between innate and adaptive immunity.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Age (Omaha). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0161-9152 .- 1574-4647. ; 36:2, s. 571-582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces profound changes in different subsets of the cellular immune system. We have previously identified an immune risk profile (IRP) where CMV-associated changes in the T cell compartment, defined as a CD4/CD8 ratio < 1, are associated with increased mortality in elderly people. Since natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in the defense against viral infections, we examined whether the expansion of CD8 + T cells seen in individuals with CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 is coupled to a parallel skewing of the NK cell compartment. A number of 151 subjects were examined with CMV serology and a flow cytometry panel for assessment of T cell and NK cell subsets. CMV-seropositive individuals had higher frequencies of CD57 + and NKG2C + NK cells and lower frequencies of NKG2A + NK cells, in line with a more differentiated NK cell compartment. Intriguingly, however, there was no correlation between CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cell repertoires among CMV-seropositive donors, despite the profound skewing of the T cell compartment in the group with CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. Conversely, donors with profound expansion of NK cells, defined as NKG2C + NK cells with high expression of CD57 and ILT-2, did not display more common changes in their T cell repertoire, suggesting that NK cell expansion is independent of the T cell-defined IRP. Altogether, these results indicate that the effect of CMV on CD8 T cells and NK cells is largely nonoverlapping and independent.
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| 26. |
- Bienkowska, Dzamila, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain circulation and flexible adjustment : labour mobility as a cluster advantage
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 93:1, s. 21-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the role of labour mobility as a potential cluster advantage. We review the theoretical arguments as for how and why labour mobility could enhance the dynamism and performance of clusters of similar and related firms. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data from two information and communication technology (ICT) clusters is used to answer two research questions: (1) What is the role of mobility enhancing (or restricting) institutions in clusters? (2) In what ways does labour mobility contribute to knowledge transfer within clusters? The two ICT clusters studied in the article generally seem to have higher levels of mobility, compared to the labour market at large. Although it is regarded as beneficial in theory, most cluster firms try to restrict mobility of workers since they fear the risk and costs of losing staff. Labour mobility is also rarely viewed as a viable way to increase the knowledge bases or contact networks of firms. However, when firms need to recruit the clustered labour markets seem to benefit them by facilitating the use of informal recruitment processes. By way of conclusion it is suggested that cluster firms might be under-investing in mobility and that innovative institutional solutions could help realize clusters’ mobility potential.
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| 27. |
- Bonita, Ruth, et al.
(författare)
-
Linnaeus : Alive and well
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Co-Action Publishing. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 4, s. 5760-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Borgegard, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 29. |
- Borgegård, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease : Presenilin 2-Sparing γ-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable Aβ Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- γ-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of γ-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between Aβ production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of γ-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain Aβ levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious γ-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 30. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(författare)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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| 31. |
- Brunsell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Initial results from the rebuilt EXTRAP T2R RFP device
- 2001
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - BRISTOL. ENGLAND : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 43:11, s. 1457-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EXTRAP T2R thin shell reversed-field pinch (RFP) device has recently resumed operation after a major rebuild including the replacement of the graphite armour with molybdenum limiters, a fourfold increase of the shell time constant, and the replacement of the helical coil used for the toroidal field with a conventional solenoid-type coil. Wall-conditioning using hydrogen glow discharge cleaning was instrumental for successful RFP operation. Carbon was permanently removed from the walls during the first week of operation. The initial results from RFP operation with relatively low plasma currents in the range I-p = 70-100 kA are reported. RFP discharges are sustained for more than three shell times. Significant improvements in plasma parameters are observed, compared to operation before the rebuild. There is a substantial reduction in the carbon impurity level. The electron density behaviour is more shot-to-shot reproducible. The typical density is n(e) = 0.5-1 x 10(19) m(-3). Monitors of H-alpha line radiation indicate that the plasma wall interaction is more toroidally symmetric and that there is less transient gas release from the wall. The minimum loop voltage is in the range V-t = 28-35 V, corresponding to a reduction by a factor of two to three compared to the value before the rebuild.
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| 32. |
- Bugge, Markus M, 1974-
(författare)
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Creative Distraction : The Digital Transformation of the Advertising Industry
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is primarily based on a case study on how the Internet affects the advertising industry in Oslo, Norway, and on how the digitization of advertising adds to our understanding of the geography of innovation and urban and regional development. The study argues that the Internet fundamentally changes and challenges the advertising industry, and that advertising merges into market communication and even user experience and product development. The interactive nature of the Internet and its parallel social and commercial worlds contribute to transcend the role of a traditional medium and to coalescence between production and consumption. Despite the fact that those involved in online and traditional advertising are located close to each other in Oslo, the extent of collective learning, knowledge externalities and innovation has been scarce. The study shows that the creative destruction of this industrial sector is ignited by actors outside the traditional advertising industry. Due to path dependency along one-way mass communication media incumbents within the advertising industry have left room for new actors, such as web agencies and technology consultants, to explore and take market share in online market communication services. The reconfiguration of market communication is regarded as the result of an industry mutation across advertising and ICT, and creates a need for bridging skills and competencies across creative, strategic and interactive domains. The implications of such an industry mutation across diverse sectors are used to discuss the evolutionary potential of the related variety perspective. The study argues that localized industrial change may be conceptualised in terms of a cyclical relationship between externalities from localisation economies and urbanisation economies respectively. The implications of the findings from the case study are in this way used to discuss more general drivers of urban and regional development.
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| 33. |
- Caiman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Didaktiska perspektiv på hållbar utveckling
- 2018
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kapitlet ger en introduktion till lärande i hållbar utveckling. Det görs genom att ge en bild av hur de komplexa och ämnesövergripande hållbarhetsfrågorna kan karaktäriseras. Kapitlet lägger vikt vid att diskutera och problematisera de viktiga frågorna, varför behövs en undervisning i hållbar utveckling, vad ska undervisningen innehålla samt hur ska den organiseras.
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| 34. |
- Caiman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hela skolan för hållbar utveckling
- 2018
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här delen avslutar modulen samtidigt som den blickar framåt mot arbetslagets och skolans utveckling. Syftet med delen är att bidra till hur skolans personal kan arbeta med att utveckla en skola som har som mål att i verksamheten som helhet arbeta med hållbarhet.I delen presenteras en modell för hur en skola kan arbeta med skolutveckling som en demokratisk process. Delen diskuterar Framtidsverkstad, som är en metod för att starta en förändringsprocess. Den visar ett exempel från en skola och hur ett arbetslag genomför en framtidsverkstad. Ni får även möjlighet att pröva att genomföra en framtidsverkstad på den egna skolan. Delen tar också upp idéer om organisationsförändring.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Dunlop, Lynda, et al.
(författare)
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Treading carefully : the environment and political participation in science education
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cultural Studies of Science Education. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 1871-1502 .- 1871-1510.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Politics and science are inextricably connected, particularly in relation to the climate emer-gency and other environmental crises, yet science education is an often overlooked site forengaging with the political dimensions of environmental issues. This study examines howscience teachers in England experience politics—specifically political participation—inrelation to the environment in school science, against a background of increased obstruc-tion in civic space. The study draws on an analysis of theoretically informed in-depth inter-views with eleven science teachers about their experiences of political participation in rela-tion to environmental issues. We find that politics enters the science classroom primarilythrough informal conversations initiated by students rather than planned by teachers. Whenplanned for, the emphasis is on individual, latent–political (civic) engagement rather thanmanifest political participation. We argue that this is a symptom of the post-political condi-tion and call for a more enabling environment for discussing the strengths and limitationsof different forms of political participation in school science. © The Author(s) 2024
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| 38. |
- Ericsson, Iréne, et al.
(författare)
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KUD- a scale for clinical evaluation of moderate-to-severe dementia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 20:11-12, s. 1542-1552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To develop a test of cognitive performance in persons with moderate-to-severe dementia.Background. Various instruments are used to assess the course of dementia and to evaluate treatments in persons with dementia. Most neuropsychological assessments are inappropriate for measuring cognitive abilities in persons with severe dementia, because these persons perform at floor level in such measurements.Design. A cross-sectional research design.Methods. The test (Clinical Evaluation of Moderate-to-Severe Dementia; Swedish acronym: KUD) was developed from a pool of 25 test items with the final KUD consisting of 15 items. Reliability and validity were established using 220 subjects (with various dementia diagnoses) with scores of Mini-Mental State Examination between 0–20. Approximately two weeks after the first test, 116 of the original 220 subjects were retested.Results. A factor analysis with the 15-item scale revealed an interaction factor comprising three items and a cognitive performance factor with 12 items. The internal consistence reliability was 0·93 for the KUD (Cronbach’s alpha). Test–retest reliability was also high (0·92) and correlation between the KUD and the MMSE (≤20) was high (r = 0·80).Conclusion. The KUD seems to be a valid, reliable performance-based assessment scale for measuring cognitive performance in persons with MMSE score below 12 or 15 points.Relevance to clinical practice. It is of outmost interest that cognitive performance can be easily followed for persons with moderate-to-severe dementia in, for example, drug therapies and other therapies, but also in terms of treatment of and support to the person based on his or her abilities.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Glodzik, Dominik, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive molecular comparison of BRCA1 hypermethylated and BRCA1 mutated triple negative breast cancers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a defining characteristic in BRCA-deficient breast tumors caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations in key pathway genes. We investigated the frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation in 237 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) from a population-based study using reported whole genome and RNA sequencing data, complemented with analyses of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and immune infiltration phenotypes. We demonstrate that BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation is twice as frequent as BRCA1 pathogenic variants in early-stage TNBC and that hypermethylated and mutated cases have similarly improved prognosis after adjuvant chemotherapy. BRCA1 hypermethylation confers an HRD, immune cell type, genome-wide DNA methylation, and transcriptional phenotype similar to TNBC tumors with BRCA1-inactivating variants, and it can be observed in matched peripheral blood of patients with tumor hypermethylation. Hypermethylation may be an early event in tumor development that progress along a common pathway with BRCA1-mutated disease, representing a promising DNA-based biomarker for early-stage TNBC.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Hasslöf, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Konsekvenser av handlande i en komplex värld
- 2018
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med delen är att bidra till hur skolan kan arbeta med komplexa sammanhang, människans betydelse i förhållande till lokala och globala perspektiv av påverkan och ansvar, betydelsen av hur vi tolkar kunskaper genom olika värdegrunder och vilken betydelse vi ger individens handlingar. Det konkretiseras med exempel på fördelar och nackdelar med olika val. Det förs även resonemang om hur människans handlingar bidrar till och ifall de har betydelse för en hållbar utveckling i en komplex värld.Deltagarna får genomföra en undervisning som bygger på livscylelanalys (LCA) och redogöra för den. Erfarenheterna används för ämnesövergripande diskussioner om hur undervisningen kan utvecklas.
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| 46. |
- Hauge, Atle, 1971-
(författare)
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Dedicated Followers of Fashion : An Economic Geographic Analysis of the Swedish Fashion Industry
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In fashion, as in the rest of the economy, the globalisation of taste, power and production now plays a major role. The industry is dominated by fashion capitals like Paris, London or New York, populated by star designers like Tom Ford, Karl Lagerfeld or Jean-Paul Gaultier and controlled through MNC giants like Prada, Gucci, DKNY and Dior, who together influence consumer preferences on a global scale. However, there are numerous smaller actors that compete successfully in the fashion industry. Sweden is one such example, where fashion is a growing. In this thesis, there is a focus on group of small and medium sized Swedish fashion firms with a brand focused business strategy. Their products are design intensive, but their main competitive advantage rests on the brand and brand management. This group of firms are proficient at ‘putting fashion into clothes’ (Weller 2004). In other words, their main competitive advantage rests neither on price, nor on the most experimental design. More exactly, they produce clothes for a fashion conscious but not too adventurous consumer group. In the thesis it is argued that they are better described as trend forerunners than as trend setters. The subject of this thesis is this group of firms within the Swedish fashion industry and the aim is to improve understanding of their innovation processes, competitiveness, and the systemic character of the business they are a part of. As with most other fashion firms in high cost countries, Swedish companies has outsourced the garment production. They secure their competitive edge through high value added activities like design, marketing and retail. This points to the fact that fashion has both material and immaterial dimensions: it relates to clothing, design, textile and quality, but also to consumers’ subjective feelings and attitudes towards the clothes and their brands. This is a study of the interface between these dimensions, with a focal point on the production of immaterial and symbolic value. The systemic nature of fashion can hardly be overestimated. This goes for both the practical part of clothes production, but also for the production of a belief system created not only by fashion producers but by a whole set of institutional actors. This thesis has an analysis of fashion firms’ relations to business partners, competitors, media, and consumers. It is argued that the nature of these relations is critical for competition and success.The thesis is a collection of papers, which illuminates different parts of innovation, competition and business strategies in the fashion industry. The papers cover the central activity areas for fashion firms: how branding is affecting industrial structure and innovation, how symbolic is value created, and how ‘cool’ is used as a strategic resource.
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| 47. |
- Hauge, Atle, et al.
(författare)
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The Spaces and Places of Swedish Fashion
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 17:4, s. 529-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fashion companies are involved not only in producing material commodities (clothes), but also in the parallel production of ideas (fashion). The consistent use of outsourcing in the fashion industry means that material production is constantly on the move to low-cost locations. Still high-cost countries have managed to retain a sizable presence in the world of fashion. For firms in such countries, the creation of value and profitability commonly rests on the ability to produce innovative design, brand value, efficient marketing channels, logistics and distribution. Sweden, for instance, plays host to a range of fashion firms: from the multinational giant Hennes & Mauritz to small innovative designers. This creates an interesting strategic problem for firms: why root knowledge intensive functions in Sweden when customers are mainly found in distant export markets? What localized knowledge processes, networks and other factors make these firms keep their home base in Sweden? The article suggests that both spatial proximity and the role of place are important to answering these questions. In conclusion, three main findings are discussed: that the Swedish fashion cluster is not based on high-tech but it is nevertheless knowledge intensive; that fashion has a multifaceted relationship with space and is produced under conditions simultaneously characterized by both localization and globalization; that place does play a distinct role in processes of fashion branding and more generally in the creation of immaterial value.
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| 48. |
- Hjälm, Anna, 1977-
(författare)
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A family landscape : On the geographical distances between elderly parents and adult children in Sweden
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a background in the ageing of the population and the new challenges facing individuals, families and the welfare state, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the changing family landscape and the geographical distances between elderly parents and adult children. The thesis consists of four empirical studies derived from three different sources of data: In the first paper (Paper I), historical population data is combined with modern register data for two Swedish regions. In the second and third papers, individual-level register data covering the entire Swedish population serves as the empirical starting point. The fourth paper leaves the registers aside and builds upon interviews. Paper I provides an introduction and historical background to the question of intergenerational geographical proximity and distance. The paper analyses intergenerational distances and seeks to compare and discuss the significance of the variations. It is shown that concerning extreme proximity a great decrease has occurred over 200 years, however when it comes to having kin within reach the decrease is less dramatic, and that now, just as then, a majority of elderly parents have an adult child within reach. The article concludes that even though geographical distances between generations vary over time and space, no clear linear trend towards intergenerational geographical separation can be established. In Paper II we analyse some features and trends in intergenerational distances in Sweden. We find that 10% of all elderly parents have at least one child living very close and that a majority, 85%, have an adult child within reach. The study shows no clear trend towards increasing intergenerational separation, but suggests that periods of intense societal restructuring, such urbanisation, can lead to spells of increased intergenerational separation on an aggregated level. Paper III investigates whether, and to what extent, elderly parents and adult children move close to each other. We find that even though the older generation makes up a smaller share of the moves made, when they do move they are more likely to move closer to an adult child. Further, having more than one relative at a destination adds to the attraction, and that older elderly are less likely to move close to a child than younger elderly. One interpretation is that young-old parents serve as a resource for their adult children, while older elderly are more influenced by the need for welfare state based assistance. The last paper, IV, returns to the elderly parents living very close to an adult child. In interviews with 14 elderly the aim of the paper is to gain new understanding about the interaction between intergenerational proximity, assistance and the meaning of being close. Some of the issues raised in the paper relate to migration histories, reciprocity and independence.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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