| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Consciousness
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2d ed, Vol 2. Ed. W.A. Darity. - Detroit : Macmillan Reference. - 9780080430768 ; , s. 78-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Minne och kognition
- 2012
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Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 159-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel beskrev vi först några klassiska, filosofiska minnesteorier. Därefter gick vi igenom forskning om olika former av minne hos djur. Klassisk betingning enligt Pavlov och instrumentell (operant) betingning enligt Thorndike och Skinner beskrevs, och Hebbs princip introducerades. Skillnaden mellan icke-associativt och associativt minne diskuterades kort. Kapitlet beskrev även olika aspekter av människans minne. Bland annat behandlades distinktionerna mellan explicit (medveten kontroll möjlig) och implicit (omedvetet reglerade minnesprocesser) minne och mellan prospektivt (handlar om framtiden) och retrospektivt (gäller det förflutna) minne. Därefter beskrevs korttidsminnet (håller en begränsad mängd information relativt lättillgänglig under en kortare stund) och arbetsminnet (inre struktur i korttidsminnet), för att sedan diskutera långtidsminnet (kan lagra information lång tid). Långtidsminnes struktur beskrevs i termer av den semantiska nätverksmodellen samt semantiskt (minne för sakförhållanden), episodiskt (upplevelseminne) och procedurellt (färdighetsminne) minne Långtidsminnets processer beskrevs bl. a i termer av minnescykeln som består av inkodning, lagring och framtagning (igenkänning eller återgivning). I detta sammanhang beskrevs också Tulving och Thomsons princip om specifik inkodning som betonar att likhet mellan inkodnings- och framtagningskontexten underlättar minnesaktivering. Kapitlet avslutades med en presentation av Jenkins minnesmodell som tar ett övergripande systemperspektiv på minnet.
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| 5. |
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Artificial Neural Networks in Medicine and Biology
- 2000
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book contains the proceedings of ANNIMAB-1, the first international conference on artificial neural networks in medicine and biology. Comprising a selection of papers from leading researchers in the field, it summarises the state-of-the-art, analyses the relationship between ANN techniques and other available methods and points to possible future biomedical and medical uses of ANNs.
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| 6. |
- Björnsdotter, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Support Vector Machine Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain
- 2010
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Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1865-0929. ; 52:4, s. 347-355, s. 347-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the feasibility of a decision-support system for patients seeking care for acute abdominal pain, and, specifically the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. We used a linear support vector machine (SVM) to separate diverticulitis from all other reported cases of abdominal pain and from the important differential diagnosis non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP). On a database containing 3337 patients, the SVM obtained results comparable to those of the doctors in separating diverticulitis or NSAP from the remaining diseases. The distinction between diverticulitis and NSAP was, however, substantially improved by the SVM. For this patient group, the doctors achieved a sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 0.963. When adjusted to the physicians’ results, the SVM sensitivity/specificity was higher at 0.714/0.985 and 0.786/0.963 respectively. Age was found as the most important discriminative variable, closely followed by C-reactive protein level and lower left side pain.
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| 7. |
- Björnsdotter Åberg, Malin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an Automatic Diagnosis System for Acute Abdominal Pain - Support Vector Machines for the Diagnosis of Diverticulitis and Non-specific Abdominal Pain
- 2009
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Ingår i: Luís Azevedo, Ana Rita Londral (Eds.): Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Health Informatics, HEALTHINF 2009, Porto, Portugal, January 14-17, 2009. - 9789898111630 ; , s. 51-57
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the feasibility of a decision-support system for patients seeking care for acute abdominal pain, and, specifically the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. We used a linear support vector machine (SVM) to separate diverticulitis from all other reported cases of abdominal pain and from the important differential diagnosis non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP). On a database containing 3337 patients, the SVM obtained results comparable to those of the doctors in separating diverticulitis or NSAP from the remaining diseases. The distinction between diverticulitis and NSAP was, however, substantially improved by the SVM. For this patient group, the doctors achieved a sensitivity of 0.714 and a specificity of 0.963. When adjusted to the physicians’ results, the SVM sensitivity/specificity was higher at 0.714/0.985 and 0.786/0.963 respectively. Age was found as the most important discriminative variable, closely followed by C-reactive protein level and lower left side pain.
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| 8. |
- Borga, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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FSED - feature selective edge detection
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona. - : IEEE. - 0769507506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a method that finds edges between certain image features, e.g. gray-levels, and disregards edges between other features. The method uses a channel representation of the features and performs normalized convolution using the channel values as certainties. This means that areas with certain features can be disregarded by the edge filter. The method provides an important tool for finding tissue specific edges in medical images, as demonstrated by an MR-image example.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bunketorp Käll, Lina, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a Curricular Physical Activity Intervention on Children's School Performance, Wellness, and Brain Development
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : Wiley. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 85:10, s. 704-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity and structural differences in the hippocampus have been linked to educational outcome. We investigated whether a curriculum-based physical activity intervention correlates positively with children’s academic achievement, psychological well-being, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fitness, and structural development of the brain. METHODS: The study had a quasi-experimental design and a control group. National test results were gathered from 545 students, 122 in the intervention school, and 423 in 3 control schools. HRQoL and socioemotional data were collected with child and proxy versions of KIDSCREEN and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overall, 79 students in grades 5 and 6 were recruited for an in-depth study, consisting of a submaximal oxygen consumption test and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. HRQoL and socioemotional data were collected from 349 students (65%), 182 (52%) in the intervention school, and 167 (48%) in one of the control schools. RESULTS: Girls attending the intervention school were more likely to pass national tests in Swedish (odds ratio 5.7) and Mathematics (odds ratio 3.2). The fourth to sixth graders in the intervention school reported lower levels of conduct problems (p < .05), and the girls were also less likely to report hyperactivity (p < .05). Girls reported higher levels of emotional problems (p < .05) than boys. Boys in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of estimated maximal oxygen uptake (p < .05) than controls. No difference in hippocampal structure was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Curriculum-based physical activity in school may improve the academic achievement and psychological health of children, particularly for girls.
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| 11. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A Combination of Neuropsychological, Neuroimaging, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers Predicts Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 36:3, s. 421-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition with increased risk for further cognitive decline. A considerable challenge lies in predicting which patients will eventually convert to dementia. Objective: To study prediction of dementia in MCI using neuropsychological tests, commonly used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and hippocampal volume. Methods: Twenty-one MCI patients converting to dementia, 21 stable MCI patients, and 26 controls were included in the study with a follow-up time of two years. The study participants underwent comprehensive examinations at inclusion: a neuropsychological assessment comprising 20 tests, MRI scanning with subsequent hippocampal volumetry, and CSF analyses of T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42. Results: Neuropsychological tests, hippocampal volume, and the CSF markers Aβ42, P-tau, and T-tau all predicted conversion from MCI to dementia. A combination of all classes of markers was the most successful at predicting dementia (AUC 0.96) with a memory test (RAVLT) as the best individual predictor (AUC 0.93). Similar findings are reported for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Neuropsychological tests were the best individual predictors of dementia. A combination of markers improved the predictive ability with the combination of neuropsychological tests, CSF, and hippocampal volume as the best predictors of dementia.
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| 12. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of Hippocampal Volume and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Improves Predictive Value in Mild Cognitive Impairment.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 29:4, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition, and the prognosis differs within the group. Recent findings suggest that hippocampal volumetry and CSF biomarkers can be used to predict which MCI patients have an underlying neurodegenerative disorder. Objective: To examine the combined predictive value of hippocampal volume and CSF levels of total tau (T-tau) and beta-amyloid(42) (Abeta(42)) in stable and converting MCI patients. The participants (n = 68) included patients with MCI at baseline and who converted to dementia by the time of the 2-year follow-up (n = 21), stable MCI patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 26). Methods: The Göteborg MCI study is a clinically based longitudinal study with biannual clinical assessments. Hippocampal volumetry was performed manually, based on data from the 0.5-tesla MRI investigations at baseline. Baseline CSF levels of T-tau and Abeta(42) were measured using commercially available, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The converting MCI group had significantly smaller left hippocampi, lower CSF Abeta(42) and higher T-tau compared to both the stable MCI group and the healthy controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a combination of the variables outperformed the prognostic ability of the separate variables. Conclusions: Hippocampal volumes supplement the prognostic accuracy of CSF Abeta(42) and T-tau in MCI.
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| 13. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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High white matter lesion load is associated with hippocampal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 31:2, s. 132-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition suggested as a prodromal state of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical vascular dementia (SVD). Recent findings suggest that white matter lesions (WML) may be associated with hippocampal atrophy. The objective of the study was to examine hippocampal and WML volumes in MCI patients and to examine if WML were linked to hippocampal atrophy.
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| 14. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Small baseline volume of left hippocampus is associated with subsequent conversion of MCI into dementia. The Göteborg MCI study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 272:1-2, s. 48-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Earlier studies have reported that hippocampal atrophy can to some extent predict which patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will subsequently convert to dementia, and that converters have an enhanced rate of hippocampal volume loss. Objective: To further validate the hypothesis that hippocampal atrophy predicts conversion from MCI to dementia, to relate baseline hippocampal volume to different forms of dementia, and to investigate the role of hippocampal side differences and rate of volume loss over time. Patients: The subjects (N = 68) include patients with MCI at baseline and progression to dementia at the two-year follow-up (N = 21), stable MCI patients (N = 21), and controls (N = 26). Among the progressing patients, 13 were diagnosed as having AD. Methods: The Göteborg MCI study is a clinically based longitudinal study with biannual clinical assessments. Hippocampal volumetry was performed manually on the MRI investigations at baseline and at the two-year follow-up. Results: Hippocampal volumetry could predict conversion to dementia in both the AD and the non-AD subgroup of converters. Left hippocampal volume in particular discriminated between converting and stable MCI. Cut off points for individual discrimination were shown to be potentially useful. The converting MCI group had a significantly higher rate of hippocampal volume loss as compared to the stable MCI group. Conclusions: In MCI patients, hippocampal volumetry at baseline gives prognostic information about possible development of AD and non-AD dementia. Contrary to earlier studies, we found that left hippocampal volume has the best predictive power. Reliable predictions appear to be possible in many individual cases.
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| 15. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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The Göteborg MCI study – absolute and normalized hippocampal volumes in the prediction of dementia
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Annual General Meeting of the Swedish Society of Medicine, Nov. 28-30, 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a state where the cognitive functions are more impaired than what would be expected from aging alone but not enough to be described as dementia. In our material, there was an overrepresentation of men in the stable MCI group and an overrepre-sentation of women in the two other groups. Normalization of the data removed the gender-related differences in hippocampal volume and allowed for better utilization of the data. Hippocampal volumetry predicts conversion to dementia in MCI patients.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Holmberg, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Study of Medial Temporal Lobe Volumes in Graves Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 107:4, s. 1040-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common features of Graves disease (GD) in hyperthyroidism and after treatment. The mechanism behind these symptoms is unknown, but reduced hippocampal volumes have been observed in association with increased thyroid hormone levels. Objective: This work aimed at investigating GD influence on regional medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes. Methods: Sixty-two women with newly diagnosed GD underwent assessment including magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in hyperthyroidism and 48 of them were followed up after a mean of 16.4±4.2 SD months of treatment. Matched thyroid-healthy controls were also assessed twice at a 15-month interval. MR images were automatically segmented using multiatlas propagation with enhanced registration. Regional medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes for amygdalae and hippocampi were compared with clinical data and data from symptom questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Results: Patients had smaller MTL regions than controls at inclusion. At follow-up, all 4 MTL regions had increased volumes and only the volume of the left amygdala remained reduced compared to controls. There were significant correlations between the level of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and MTL volumes at inclusion and also between the longitudinal difference in the levels of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine and TRAb and the difference in MTL volumes. There were no significant correlations between symptoms or test scores and any of the 4 MTL volumes. Conclusion: Dynamic alterations in the amygdalae and hippocampi in GD reflect a previously unknown level of brain involvement both in the hyperthyroid state of the condition and after treatment. The clinical significance, as well as the mechanisms behind these novel findings, warrant further study of the neurological consequences of GD.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Holmberg, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Structural brain changes in hyperthyroid Graves' disease: protocol for an ongoing longitudinal, case-controlled study in Göteborg, Sweden-the CogThy project.
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive impairment and reduced well-being are common manifestations of Graves' disease (GD). These symptoms are not only prevalent during the active phase of the disease but also often prevail for a long time after hyperthyroidism is considered cured. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these brain-derived symptoms are currently unknown. The overall aim of the CogThy study is to identify the mechanism behind cognitive impairment to be able to recognise GD patients at risk.The study is a longitudinal, single-centre, case-controlled study conducted in Göteborg, Sweden on premenopausal women with newly diagnosed GD. The subjects are examined: at referral, at inclusion and then every 3.25 months until 15 months. Examinations include: laboratory measurements; eye evaluation; neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological testing; structural MRI of the whole brain, orbits and medial temporal lobe structures; functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the cerebral prefrontal cortex and self-assessed quality of life questionnaires. The primary outcome measure is the change in medial temporal lobe structure volume. Secondary outcome measures include neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, hormonal and autoantibody variables. The study opened for inclusion in September 2012 and close for inclusion in October 2019. It will provide novel information on the effect of GD on medial temporal lobe structures and cerebral cortex functionality as well as whether these changes are associated with cognitive and affective impairment, hormonal levels and/or autoantibody levels. It should lead to a broader understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and future treatment perspectives.The study has been reviewed and approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Göteborg, Sweden. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations and among patient organisations after an appropriate embargo time.44321 at the public project database for research and development in Västra Götaland County, Sweden (https://www.researchweb.org/is/vgr/project/44321).
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| 21. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between mental fatigue, depression, and cognition in Graves' disease.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European thyroid journal. - 2235-0640 .- 2235-0802. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental fatigue, depression, anxiety, and cognitive complaints are common in Graves' disease (GD). Our aims were to assess the relationship between these variables in patients with GD during both hyperthyroidism and a long stable euthyroidism.A prospective longitudinal case-control study where 65 premenopausal women diagnosed with GD and 65 matched controls were assessed twice with 15 months in between. The first visit for patients was in overt hyperthyroidism and the second after treatment.During the hyperthyroid phase, mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety were significantly increased for GD patients compared to controls (all P < 0.001). Among GD patients, 89% reported mental fatigue and among controls 14%. No difference in cognitive tests was found. After 15 months, significant improvements for GD patients after treatment were found for the items of mental fatigue, depression, and anxiety (all P < 0.001), but these were unchanged in controls. GD patients reported residual mental fatigue (38%), 23% without depression, and 15% mental fatigue combined with depression. Self-reported cognitive complaints were pronounced while cognitive tests did not reveal any deficiencies.Mental fatigue and emotional distress are common in the hyperthyroid phase. These improve with treatment but are still more common in GD patients after 15 months of therapy than in controls. The residual mental fatigue is shown to be a phenomenon distinct from depression in this study. This indicates the importance of assessing mental fatigue in GD patients and underlines the need for rehabilitation and healthcare support as fatigue will have consequences for work ability.
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| 22. |
- Klasson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Delineation of two intracranial areas and the perpendicular intracranial width is sufficient for intracranial volume estimation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Insights into Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1869-4101. ; 9:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of the present study is to determine if the delineation of one or two optimally chosen intracranial areas (ICA) is enough to achieve adequate estimates of intracranial volume (ICV) in magnetic resonance imaging. MethodsThe correlations of 62 fully delineated ICVs with four types of ICV estimates were calculated. The estimate types were: (1) a single midsagittal ICA, (2) single ICA multiplied by the intracranial width perpendicular to the ICA, (3) sum of two ICAs multiplied by the perpendicular intracranial width and (4) shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation using two ICAs. For methods 2-4, the fully delineated ICVs were randomly separated into an evaluation and a validation set of equal size. Method 1 was validated against all of the fully delineated ICVs. Result Estimates from method 1 had a Pearson correlation of 0.904 with fully delineated ICV. For method 2, the correlation was 0.986 when delineating the sagittal ICA at 31% of the sagittal intracranial width. For methods 3 and 4, the correlations were both 0.997 when delineating the sagittal ICAs at 17.5 and 64% and at 12 and 64% respectively. conclusions Delineation of two specific intracranial areas is sufficient for intracranial volume estimation. Delineation of two specific intracranial areas is sufficient for intracranial volume estimation. The estimates had a Pearson correlation of 0.997 with intracranial volume.
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| 23. |
- Klasson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Estimated intracranial volume from FreeSurfer is biased by total brain volume
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Radiology Experimental. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-9280. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Estimated intracranial volume (eTIV) from FreeSurfer is not segmentation-based but calculated from the alignment of the input magnetic resonance (MR) images to the MNI305 brain atlas, an approach that could lead to a bias by total brain volume. If eTIV is unbiased, variance beyond that explained by intracranial volume should be random. Our null hypothesis was that no correlation would remain between eTIV and total brain volume when controlling for intracranial volume. Methods eTIV and total brain volume for 62 participants were calculated on 1.5-T, T1-weighted MR images using FreeSurfer (version 6.0.0). Manual delineations of the intracranial volume were also made for the same images. To evaluate the null hypothesis, the partial correlation between eTIV and total brain volume was calculated when controlling for intracranial volume. Results The partial correlation between eTIV and total brain volume when controlling for intracranial volume was 0.355 (p=0.026). The null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion eTIV from FreeSurfer is biased by total brain volume.
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| 24. |
- Klasson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Valid and efficient manual estimates of intracranial volume from magnetic resonance images
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2342. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Manual segmentations of the whole intracranial vault in high-resolution magnetic resonance images are often regarded as very time-consuming. Therefore it is common to only segment a few linearly spaced intracranial areas to estimate the whole volume. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how the validity of intracranial volume estimates is affected by the chosen interpolation method, orientation of the intracranial areas and the linear spacing between them. Methods: Intracranial volumes were manually segmented on 62 participants from the Gothenburg MCI study using 1.5 T, T-1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Estimates of the intracranial volumes were then derived using subsamples of linearly spaced coronal, sagittal or transversal intracranial areas from the same volumes. The subsamples of intracranial areas were interpolated into volume estimates by three different interpolation methods. The linear spacing between the intracranial areas ranged from 2 to 50 mm and the validity of the estimates was determined by comparison with the entire intracranial volumes. Results: A progressive decrease in intra-class correlation and an increase in percentage error could be seen with increased linear spacing between intracranial areas. With small linear spacing (<= 15 mm), orientation of the intracranial areas and interpolation method had negligible effects on the validity. With larger linear spacing, the best validity was achieved using cubic spline interpolation with either coronal or sagittal intracranial areas. Even at a linear spacing of 50 mm, cubic spline interpolation on either coronal or sagittal intracranial areas had a mean absolute agreement intra-class correlation with the entire intracranial volumes above 0.97. Conclusion: Cubic spline interpolation in combination with linearly spaced sagittal or coronal intracranial areas overall resulted in the most valid and robust estimates of intracranial volume. Using this method, valid ICV estimates could be obtained in less than five minutes per patient.
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| 25. |
- Lindquist, Göran, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Organisk psykiatri. Teoretiska och kliniska aspekter : Organic Psychiatry. Theoretical and clinical aspects.
- 1990
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this book a theory about the nature of organic mental disorders (in the narrow sense) and a new diagnostic system for them are presented. The diagnostic concepts used are mainly rooted in the classical Central European psychiatric tradition but have been modified in the light of recently published research and the authors' own clinical experience from different parts of organic psychiatry.
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| 26. |
- Lindqvist, Göran, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Psychiatric Findings Before and After Shunt Operation Classified in a New Diagnostic System for Organic Psychiatry.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. - 0065-1591. ; 373, s. 18-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 23 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) underwent psychiatric examinations prior to and 80 days to 10 months after a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation. A global evaluation of the effect of the operation on the patients' mental symptoms indicated appreciable improvement in 10 cases and slight improvement in a further 4. 8 patients were assessed as unchanged, and one as mentally deteriorated. The psychiatric analyses was based on a new diagnostic system created by two of the authors (G.L., H.M.). The patients manifested varying, often complex psychiatric symptom constellations with symptomatological components from two or more organic mental disorders. Before the operation a mild or a moderately severe somnolence-sopor-coma disorder (SSCD) was diagnosed in 10 cases. After the operation all these patients became free from symptoms of SSCD. This was the most unequivocal change in connection with the operation, and the elimination of all symptoms of SSCD was the single factor which most effectively contributed to the total therapeutical result in these patients. All 23 cases were considered to have symptoms of a more or less severe astheno-emotional disorder (AED) preoperatively. The degree of severity of this disorder could not be determined with satisfactory certainty in some of the patients with complex symptoms. Amongst the 17 cases where the preoperative symptomatology allowed for a reasonably precise calculation of the degree of severity of AED, 6 were assessed as markedly improved after the operation and 10 as largely unchanged. In one patient, symptoms of the AED increased when the postoperative course was complicated by a subdural haematoma. Symptoms of an emotional-motivational blunting disorder (EMD) were diagnosed in 5 cases before the operation. After the operation 3 of these patients were symptom free in this respect while 2 were unchanged. Slight or moderately severe symptoms of Korsakoff's amnestic disorder (KAD) were before the operation found in 7 cases: at the postoperative examination 6 of these cases were improved, of which 4 were free from such symptoms; one was unchanged. According to our experience, confident prognoses concerning the effect of the shunt operation on symptoms of SSCD can be made preoperatively, while, for a particular patient, the therapeutic effect on AED, EMD and KAD is often difficult, or sometimes impossible, to foresee. This article contains three case reports which represent different forms and courses of the mental symptom patterns.
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| 27. |
- Löfdahl, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Compromised quality of life in adult patients who have received a radiation dose towards the basal part of the brain. A case-control study in long-term survivors from cancer in the head and neck region.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radiation oncology (London, England). - 1748-717X. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Adult patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders have compromised quality of life (QoL). Whether this is due to their endocrine consequences (hypopituitarism), their underlying hypothalamic-pituitary disorder or both is still under debate. The aim of this trial was to measure quality of life (QoL) in long-term cancer survivors who have received a radiation dose to the basal part of the brain and the pituitary. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n=101) treated for oropharyngeal or epipharyngeal cancer with radiotherapy followed free of cancer for a period of 4 to10 years were identified. Fifteen patients (median age 56 years) with no concomitant illness and no hypopituitarism after careful endocrine evaluation were included in a case-control study with matched healthy controls. Doses to the hypothalamic-pituitary region were calculated. QoL was assessed using the Symptom check list (SCL)-90, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and Psychological Well Being (PGWB) questionnaires. Level of physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. RESULTS: The median accumulated dose was 1.9 Gy (1.5--2.2 Gy) to the hypothalamus and 2.4 Gy (1.8--3.3 Gy) to the pituitary gland in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and 6.0--9.3 Gy and 33.5--46.1 Gy, respectively in patients with epipharyngeal cancer (n=2). The patients showed significantly more anxiety and depressiveness, and lower vitality, than their matched controls. CONCLUSION: In a group of long time survivors of head and neck cancer who hade received a low radiation dose to the hypothalamic-pituitary region and who had no endocrine consequences of disease or its treatment QoL was compromised as compared with well matched healthy controls.
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| 28. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Carlsson, A.M. et al (red), Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Selected papers from the First Nordic Symposium on Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Uppsala, Sweden, August 1995.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with mixed organic mental disorders after a neurosurgical procedure were tested repeatedly with the Roschach method according to the classical European school (Bohm). The results show that the Rorschach may be a valuable method for following the gradual worsening or improvement of organic mental conditions. Hermann Rorschach's original description of the test profile of patients with Korsakoff's amnestic syndrome was also supported by the data.
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| 29. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. A.M. Carlsson et al (ed), Swedish Rorschach Society, Stockholm.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with organic mental disorders, in all cases including Korsakoff’s amnestic disorder (KAD) and in four cases due to a complication after an aneurysm operation, were followed for up to two years. Each patient was assessed at least three times; the total number of assessment points was 26. The patients’ neuropsychiatric status was assessed clinically according to the diagnostic system of Lindqvist & Malmgren. The severity of the individual disorders and the global severity of the neuropsychiatric disturbance were estimated on each occasion. The patients were assessed using memory, concentration and general intelligence tests, and independently with Rorschach according to Bohm’s method. The scores on 38 selected Rorschach variables were compared with the clinical assessments and with the other test data. In accord with earlier studies we found that KAD has a Rorschach profile which differs significantly from the findings in patients where other organic mental disorders dominate the clinical picture. We also saw a previously not reported sign of KAD, namely, frequent contaminated whole responses. A comparison with the judgments of global severity also gave some support to the thesis that the Rorschach is a valid indicator of organic mental disorder in general. Altogether the study shows that the longitudinal design offers great possibilities for the analysis of Rorschach signs of organic mental disorders.
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| 30. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
A philosophical view on concepts in psychiatry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 33, s. 66-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay first outlines a philosophical theory of concepts and then applies it to two areas of relevance to psychiatrists, especially forensic psychiatrists. In the philosophical theory, the respective roles of verbal and non-verbal definitions are illuminated, and the importance of the phenomenon of division of semantic labour is stressed. It is pointed out that vagueness and ambiguity of a term often result when the term is used for several practical purposes at the same time. Such multi-purpose uses of terms may explain both the current problems associated with the Swedish forensic–psychiatric concept of a severe mental disorder and some of the shortcomings of DSM-IV.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Använd filosofi? : Applied philosophy?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Anvendt Filosofi. Aalborgs Universitet, 20–21 januari 2010.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Artificiell intelligens i kombination med naturlig: Varför ser man så få medicinska beslutsstödssystem i den kliniska vardagen? : Artificial and natural intelligences combined
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Vitalis 2004, Göteborg, 31/3–2/4 2004.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Titeln, Artificiell intelligens i samarbete med naturlig, syftar framförallt på att det som vi kallar artificiell intelligens, eller AI, alltid måste vara underställd mänsklig kontroll. Artificiell intelligens i medicin är således, och kommer alltid att vara, ett komplement till klinisk kunskap och kliniskt omdöme. Det är inte datorn som ska besluta åt oss, men vi kan använda oss av datorer och datorprogram som understöd för våra beslut. Det är därför som vi inte beskriver medicinska AI-metoder som beslutssystem, utan som beslutsstödssystem. Underrubriken till föredraget är som synes, Varför ser man så få medicinska beslutsstödssystem i den kliniska vardagen? Det är nämligen ett faktum att av alla de lovande teoretiska resultat som uppnåtts av beslutsstödsforskare blir bara en mycket liten procent någonsin omsatt i praktiskt fungerande kliniska rutiner. Givetvis är det viktigt att försöka analysera varför det är så, och det försöker jag göra i slutet av föredraget.
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| 35. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Artificiella neurala nätverk och kognition
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap [J. Allwood och M. Jensen (red)]. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 537-550
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med artificiella neurala nätverk (ANN) menar man tekniska och/eller matematiska modeller gjorda för att efterlikna funktionen hos verkliga neurala system eller delar av dem. Syftet med att bygga sådana modeller är dels att matematiskt formulera teorier om hjärnans funktion vid varseblivning, minneslagring och inlärning, dels att bygga tekniska system som fungerar ungefär på samma sätt som man tror att hjärnan fungerar när det gäller att lösa olika problem. Artificiella neurala nätverk kan antingen byggas hårdvarumässigt med elektroniska komponenter (transistorer mm) eller mjukvarumässigt med programvara. I detta avsnitt visar vi att artificiella neurala nätverk har förmågan att förbättra sin funktion genom att de får ta del av input-output-data som exemplifierar den önskade funktionen; de kan alltså lära av egna erfarenheter. Vi visar också hur några av de vanligaste inlärningsmetoderna fungerar och visar på sambandet mellan dessa och associativ inlärning, klassisk betingning mm. Slutligen presenterar vi några exempel på vad artificiella neurala nätverk kan användas till inom tekniken.
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| 36. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Asteno-emotionellt syndrom, kognitiv dysfunktion : Astheno-emotional syndrome and cognitive dysfunction after whiplash injuries
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Konferens och utbildningsdag om whiplash-skador, Göteborg 19/10 1999.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Typiska manifestationer av lindriga till måttliga asteno-emotionella syndrom (AE-syndrom, AED): • Koncentrationssvårigheter (ssk. svårighet att upprätthålla koncentration över tid) • Psykisk uttröttbarhet • Sekundära minnestörningar (påverkan såväl på korttidsminnet som på lagring till och framtagning från långtidsminnet) • Emotionell labilitet • Irritabilitet • Överkänslighet för sensoriska stimuli Tänkbara orsaker till AED vid whiplash-trauma: • Vid uppenbar hjärnskada kan ett tydligt AED framträda relativt tidigt. • Ett lindrigt AED baserat på en centralnervös funktionsrubbning kan möjligen uppstå primärt, även om amnesi för episoden inte föreligger. Observera att ett lindrigt AE-syndrom i denna fas kan maskeras av andra, mer påtagliga symtom. • Ett patologiskt signalflöde från den skadade nackregionen (vare sig det når medvetandet eller ej) kan sannolikt innebära en överbelastning av högre centra i CNS, och därför ge ett lindrigt sekundärt AED utan primär dysfunktion i CNS. • Kroniska, upplevda symtom av skadan (smärta, yrsel etc) kan på längre sikt också ge en sådan överbelastning , vilket leder till ett lindrigt AED. Tänkbara följder av AED vid whiplash: AED kan i sig ge psykogena komplikationer, svåra eller omöjliga att skilja från reaktioner av typ PTSD och från sekundära reaktioner på övriga kroniska symtom av skadan. Vanliga psykogena komplikationer: • Ängslan och ångest • Spänning • Huvudvärk • Vegetativa symptom • Depressivitet Av dessa reaktioner är den sekundära depressionen vid utdragna besvär särskilt viktig att beakta, liksom givetvis möjligheten till många onda cirklar med övrig symtomatologi vid whiplashskador (AED --> ökad smärtreaktivitet --> värre AED). Förslag till revision av vårdprogram: • Anamnes beträffande AED bör alltid tas tidigt i förloppet • Neuropsykologisk utredning kan vara indicerad tidigt, även om tydliga kognitiva symtom inte spontant rapporterats • Patientinformationen bör tidigt innefatta en diskussion av symptom, prognos och lämpliga åtgärder vid lindriga astenoemotionella syndrom • Försiktighet med återgång till fullt arbete innan AED har uteslutits.
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| 37. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Att värdera evidens – och att värdera liv : Evaluating evidence and valuing life
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Värdebaserad medicin och evidensbaserad medicin, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, Stockholm, 3/3 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi kan skilja mellan värderingar av fyra slag: 1) Värderingar av evidens. 2) Patientens preferenser (hennes “livsvärden”). 3) Etiska värderingar (vårdarens/patientens). 4) Ekonomiska värderingar. Jag fokuserar på de första och sista punkterna och försöker beskriva några viktiga olösta problem i samband med dem.
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| 38. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Begrepp och mentala representationer
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 175-190
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 39. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Begreppet 'psykisk orsak' inom en biologisk referensram : The concept of a mental cause within a biological frame of reference
- 1974
-
Ingår i: Filosofiskt Herbarium tillägnat Ivar Segelberg på hans 60-årsdag. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 106-22
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper argues that ascriptions of mental and physical causes are compatible to the extent that there is a nomic connection between the relevant types of mental and physical events. This does not however eliminate the need for analyzing the separate contributions of mental and (purely) physical causes. The argument is illustrated with many examples from psychology and psychiatry.
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| 40. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Beslutsstöd : Decision Support
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Medicinsk Informatik. Red. G Petersson, M Rydmark & A Thurin.. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147134083 ; , s. 164-177
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kapitlet börjar med ett försök att bestämma begreppet beslutsstöd i förhållande till andra, relaterade begrepp. Därefter beskrivs den roll som värderingar och normer har vid medicinska beslut och vid utformningen av beslutsstödssystem. Kapitlet förklarar sedan kort hur expertsystem, lärande system, artificiella neurala nätverk, djupinlärning och Bayesianska nätverk fungerar.
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| 41. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Classical Rorschach
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Internet.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- These web pages are devoted to the presentation and promotion of the Rorschach method, concentrating on the way it has been practiced within the classical European tradition - from Hermann Rorschach himself in 1921, via Ewald Bohm in the 1950's, 1960's and 1970's, and to the contemporary workers in the Rorschach-Bohm tradition. You can here find basic information about Hermann Rorschach, about the different Rorschach traditions and the essential differences between them, and about the current scientific debate about the Rorschach test. There are also some links to other Web pages devoted to the Rorschach method. The information on these pages has been carefully selected so that it can be made publicly available without interferring with the clinical and scientific use of the Rorschach test. Hence no specific information about the test procedure, about response categories and so on has been included, and of course no pictures of the Rorschach cards are shown.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Descartes' "misstag" : Descartes' "error"
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Röster från Humanisten 2010.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I show that Damasio's famous thesis about "Descartes' error" in the book with same name is based on a grave misunderstanding. Damasio takes Descartes' "I think, therefore I am" to express the causal thesis that the mind is causally prior to the body. But it should surely rather be read as expressing an epistemological thesis. The mistake is understandable since Descartes also held a thesis about mind-body causality, but it is deplorable since it obscures Descartes' important contributions to epistemology.
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| 44. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Descartes visdom : Descartes' wisdom
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Svenska Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 30/11–2/12 2005.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A. Damasio's bestseller "Descartes' error" is based on a fundamental confusion. The famous words of Descartes, "I think, therefore I am", is a statement about epistemological order: the first statement is his ground for believing the second. However, Damasio interprets it as a causal statement to the effect that thinking causes bodily processes, and argues that causation goes the other way. Through this confusion, Damasio fails to see the wisdom of Descartes that has survived centuries of criticism: that our knowledge about our own consciousness is not derived from knowledge of physical processes.
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| 45. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Dick Haglund 1939–2018
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Kungl. Vetenskaps- och vitterhetssamhället i Göteborg, Årsbok 2019. Utg. G. Vidén.. - Göteborg : Kungl. Vetenskaps- och vitterhetssamhället i Göteborg. - 0436-113X. ; , s. 109-113
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
En fågelskådares drömmar : Dreams of a bird watcher
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Drömmar. En vänbok till Ingemar Nilsson. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789197623926 ; , s. 51-60
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This essay explains some concepts from mathematical chaos theory. It then argues that dreaming is a creative chaos, and necessary for restructuring our memories. Three authentic dreams are discussed.
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| 47. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Epilepsy, economics and ethics
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Epilepsia 39, Suppl. 2 (1998), p. 63. - 0013-9580. ; 39:Suppl. 2
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this lecture I consider some ethical aspects of economic analyses of health and disease. The focus is on the relations between on the one hand health economics, on the other hand utilitarian ethics; i.e. the thesis that maximising the sum total of good in society is the morally right thing to strive for. Epilepsy surgery is chosen as the main example in order to show that an abstract ethical discussion may have concrete implications for epilepsy outcome resarch. As an introduction, a few elementary facts and distinctions concerning health-economic analyses are recapitulated. After that, you are introduced to a certain discussion in the recent philosophical literature, and a thesis about the proper limits of utilitarianism as a decision tool in the allocation of medical resources will be presented. This thesis is then applied to the field of epilepsy surgery.
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| 48. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
-
Etik och ekonomi i sjukvårds- och miljödebatten : Ethics and economy in the health care and environmental debates
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Humanistdagarna vid Göteborgs Universitet, 10/10 1998.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- • Etik, ekonomi, sjukvård, miljö – ett stort ämne... • Kanske finns det en skärningspunkt? • Ekonomiskt värde gentemot andra värden: liv, hälsa, livskvalitet, estetiska naturvärden, biologisk mångfald etc. • Exempel: sjuka ögon, och en kontroversiell väg • Är nu detta frågor för filosofer snarare än för miljö- och sjukvårdsekonomer? • Värdefrågor innebär begreppsliga och etiska problem som definitivt hör hemma i filosofin - även om de involverar ekonomiskt värde! • Ekonomi och etik vid Filosofiska Institutionen/GU • Vad är miljöetik? • Vad miljöetiken säga om samspelet mellan ekonomiska och andra värderingar i miljöfrågor? • Vilka värdebegrepp är (borde vara) relevanta för ekonomer? • (Idén om den fria marknaden; dess tillämpningar i sjukvård och miljöpolitik. Onekligen intressant, men tyvärr har vi inte tid i dag...) • Begreppet tillväxt och dess relevans i (miljö)politik
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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