| 1. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing complexity of customized prefabricated buildings through modularisation and it support
- 2008
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 429-437
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many companies in Sweden using prefabricating strategies are currently meeting the ever increasing customer requirements with ad-hoc solutions that do not fit their production system. This is causing bottlenecks and lower profit margins as a consequence. One solution to the problem is to re-engineer their building systems according to modularization principles used in the manufacturing industries, which have adapted their production to be able to meet mass-customization. This paper describes the first part in study of modularization of building systems and if methods used in themanufacturing industry can be adapted to the building industry. The Swedish construction industries using prefabrication strategies are mainly project oriented, and needs todevelop a more product oriented development process to benefit from the values that modularization can give.It is also obvious that it is impossible to introduce modularization methods used in manufacturing industries ifdesign requirements are incomplete or changing from project to project. It is therefore essential that theproduct owner owns the whole process as well. Varying customers’ demands can to some extent be handledusing modularization principles. However, we don’t believe that one solution fit’s all; therefore it is essential to target a specific segment of the market. The cost for the development of such modularized building systemfor the targeted segment of customer must be evaluated against the possible market share.
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| 2. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing complexity of customized prefabricated buildings through modularization and IT support
- 2008
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Ingår i: CIB-W78. - : Universidad de Talca. - 9789563193619 ; , s. 429-437
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many companies in Sweden using prefabricating strategies, are currently meeting the ever increasing customer requirements with ad-hoc solutions that do not fit their production system causing bottlenecks and lower profit margins as a consequence. One solution to the problem has been to re-engineer their building systems according to modularization principles used in the manufacturing industries that have adapted their production to mass-customization. This paper describes the first part in study of modularization of building systems and if methods used in the manufacturing industry can be adapted to the building industry. Today the Swedish Construction Industries are mainly project oriented, and needs to go to a more product oriented development to benefit from the values that modularization can give. It is also obvious that it is impossible to introduce modularization methods used in manufacturing industries if design requirements are incomplete or changing from project to project. It is therefore essential that the product owner owns the whole process as well. Varying customers' demands can to some extent be handled using modularization principles. However, we don't believe that one solution fit's all; therefore it is essential to target a specific segment of the market. The cost for the development of such modularized building system for the targeted segment of customer must be evaluated against the possible market share.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Johnsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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ICT support for industrial production of houses : the Swedish case
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bringing ITC knowledge to work. - Maribor : Faculty of Civil Engineering. - 9789612480332 ; , s. 407-413
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish construction sector is currently undergoing great changes. The large costs for labour have forced the construction companies to rationalise and minimise labour intense work operations. Therefore, the current trend in construction to adopt the principles of lean production and transform it into lean construction, suits the Swed-ish way of working and the entire Swedish construction sector has caught on. A growing market is the prefabrication of building elements that are transported to site and then erected. The development has been taken so far that modular houses i.e. vol-umes/rooms are prefabricated. Companies in the prefabrication industry within construction fall between two sectors; the construction industry and the manufacturing industry. In terms of IT support the contradiction between the two sectors become evident. Software developed for the construction sector seldom provide enough detailing to suffice as a basis for industrial production, while software supporting the manufacturing industry are incapable of delivering standard construction documenta-tion. The current study presents a multiple case study where six Swedish industrial manu-facturers of timber houses were studied. The process from tender acceptance to mod-ule delivery is described. Alongside, a survey of the building sys-tem revealed that much still needs to be done in terms of documenting a building system. The results show that the ques-tion of IT support is more a question of consequent information strategies than eloquent IT tools. The pressing need for a method for documenting building systems is stressed and different methods are discussed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johnsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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IT-stöd för industriellt byggande i trä
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Delar av den svenska träbyggnadsindustrin har stora möjligheter att utveckla det industriella byggandet. Villor har lång tradition av att prefabriceras i fabriker för senare transport och montage på byggplats. Volymbyggnadsteknik där prefabriceringen även innefattar ytskikt och installationer har ökat prefabriceringsgraden avsevärt. Fortfarande är dock tillverkningen hantverksbetonad och genomförs med samma dokumentation och styrning som råder på ett platsbygge. Ett industriellt angreppssätt kräver en metodutveckling inom tillverkningen med styrning och kvalitetskontroll som nyckelord för att dra nytta av den upprepningseffekt som troheten till ett byggsystem skapar. Om ett IT-verktyg skall stötta en process, måste processen utformas och beskrivas på ett entydigt sätt som är repeterbart. Införandet av IT-verktyg betyder nästan alltid att processen förändras. Träbyggindustrin har en situation som definierar deras dilemma: man tillhör bygg-branschen och har anammat deras metoder och IT-verktyg, men tillverkningen är en indu-striell process som inte stöds av byggbranschens arbetssätt utan liknar tillverkningsindustrins serietillverkning. Flera företag har implementerat affärssystem och börjat utnyttja dess material- och planeringsfunktioner, en metod som är vanlig i tillverkningsindustrin. Data som skapas i projekteringen vore till nytta för affärssystemet, t.ex. mängder och antal komponenter. Tyvärr är inte byggbranschens IT-verktyg uppbyggda för att kommunicera med affärssystem via databaser. Tillverkningsindustrin har löst detta problem genom att arbeta med PDM-system, där data kring själva produkten hanteras (CAD-ritningar, komponenter). Affärssystemet kan sedan tanka av önskat data från PDM-systemet. Idag saknar träbyggindustrin en effektiv hantering av den egna produkten, byggsystemet. De beskrivningar som finns består av ritningar och endast 50- 70% av den information som behövs för att beskriva byggsystemet kan hämtas från ritningar. Den resterande delen är regler för systemet som sällan dokumenteras, utan existerar som arbetsmetoder inom varje företag. Byggsystemet förvaltas idag genom ett kontinuerligt användande i projekt efter projekt. Det betyder att överblicken över själva byggsystemet försvinner och möjligheterna till strategisk produktutveckling inte tas till vara. Som förvaltningsverktyg av byggsystem vore ett PDM-system lämpligt. Där förvaras och uppdateras data kring själva byggsystemet, som därifrån appliceras i olika projekt. Produktutveckling som idag sker i projekten, sker istället med byggsystemet som bas och informationen blir direkt tillgänglig för nästa projekt. Projekterings- och produktutvecklingsprocessen måste ändras från projektbaserad, upprepande projektering till strukturerad hantering av byggkomponenter i databas som kombineras på nya sätt i projekten. Inom föreliggande projekt har process och byggsystem hos 6 företag inom träbyggindustrin kartlagts. Baserat på företagens tolkade behov som beskrivits ovan utvecklades tre demon-stratorer (mjukvaror) för att utröna applicerbarheten av ett PDM-system inom träbygg-industrin. Intelligenta GDL- objekt skapades som utgjorde stommen i data för en PLCS-struktur som kan användas som ett PDM-system och kompletteras med ytterligare data. En koppling på databasnivå mellan CAD-data från träbyggindustrin och ett PDM- system testades också. Demonstratorerna visade att det är möjligt att utveckla dagens IT-verktyg till att stödja en industriell träbyggnadsprocess. Det kommer dock att kräva ett förändrat arbetssätt hos företagen. För att starta förändringen krävs att företagen dokumenterar sina processer och byggsystem. Högskolorna kan stötta med framtagning av metoder för processkartläggningar och beskrivning av byggsystem.
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| 7. |
- Malmgren, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a Decision Support Tool in Three Renovation Projects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 7:9, s. 12521-12538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building owners are encouraged to reduce energy use in order to both contribute to national energy-saving goals and reduce the costs of heating and operation. It is important to choose the most optimal renovation measures available so as to achieve cost-effective energy use while maintaining excellent indoor environments, without sacrificing architectural quality or negatively affecting the environment. Building owners and managers often have neither the time nor the expertise required to properly evaluate the available renovation options before making a final decision. Renovation measures are often calculated to repay investments in a short time, rather than taking into account life-cycle costs (LCC), despite the fact that a thoughtful, comprehensive renovation is often more cost-effective in the long run. This paper presents a systematic approach for evaluating different renovation alternatives based on a number of sustainability criteria. The methodology has been verified using three multi-family apartment buildings in Sweden. The benefit of using the proposed methodology is made clear through a comparison between the different renovation alternatives from a sustainability perspective, and will hopefully serve as encouragement to choose renovation measures which involve marginally increased investments but lead to significant environmental and social benefits in the long-term.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Malmgren, Linus
(författare)
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Customization of buildings using configuration systems - a study of conditions and opportunities in the Swedish timber house manufacturing industry
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this project has been to study timber house manufacturers and provide guidance to those who aim to increase efficiency through the adaption of product modeling and eventually configuration. The findings in this report are based on a series of case studies within the abovementioned industry, which serves as a basis for the analysis and recommendations given. The Swedish timber house manufacturing industry has a long tradition of producing houses in factories. In recent years, however, the construction industry has received criticisms for issues with quality and productivity, problems that is also valid for the timber house manufacturers. During the upswing in the past decade, IT investments in the industry have not kept the same pace as other investments. For this reason IT environments are currently growing out of date, which is one reason contributing to today’s problems. In many ways the timber house manufacturers resembles traditional on-site construction, especially in how they use IT and product documentation. Given the different conditions in the industries and the fact that timber house manufacturers can assimilate influences from other manufacturing industries, this presents an interesting opportunity to pursue for the industry. The results from the case studies show that companies have a potential to better integrate processes, use IT and manage product documentation. How timber house manufacturers view themselves also affects how they treat questions regarding abovementioned areas, which ultimately also affects how well they will be able to use configuration. Whether they see themselves as a construction company, an engineering firm or a manufacturing industry will have an effect on many aspects of how to run the business. The findings show that the timber house manufacturing companies has a potential in streamlining and standardizing product documentation to facilitate configuration and improving the product specification process. Companies should address three areas as a part of the change: processes, IT and product documentation. When considering these three areas together, companies have an opportunity to increase their competitiveness through more efficient processes and standardized product families. Clearly there are risks associated with introducing new IT systems and changing processes. Companies need to consider the risks and potential benefits with pursuing this path. Risks that should be included in an evaluation are for example; changes in the market, costs and quantifiable benefits from using configuration. The report provides a number of advices to the timber house manufacturers that might be useful to consider for companies that wishes to go forward with product modeling and configuration. For example, it is recommended that companies investigate how to define the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Information Officer and Chief Technology Officer, explore how the IT-strategy best delivers value to the business and consider to introduce a product development process.
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| 10. |
- Malmgren, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a decision support tool for sustainable renovation – a case study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Structural Survey. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0263-080X .- 1758-6844. ; 34:1, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Building owners are encouraged to reduce the energy consumption both in order to contribute to national energy saving goals and to reduce the costs of heating and operation of buildings. However, it is important to pursue the most optimal strategy to achieve cost-effective energy use while maintaining other values. Building managers often do not have the time or expertise to make a proper evaluation of the available options, hence there is a need for practical methodologies for evaluation of renovation alternatives. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Renobuild, a systematic approach for evaluating renovation alternatives based on sustainability criteria are under development. It aims to compare renovation alternatives from an environmental, economic and social perspective. To verify the methodology it has been used to evaluate different renovation alternatives for a multi-family apartment building in Sweden. Findings – The study showed that building managers are provided with a clear comparison between different renovation alternatives from a sustainability perspective. Using Renobuild or similar methodologies may highlight renovation measures which marginally increases the investments, but can lead to significant environmental and social benefits. Research limitations/implications – So far the methodology has only been tested on a limited number of buildings in Sweden. More buildings will need to be tested for further verification. Originality/value – Not many tools or methodologies exist which address several aspects of sustainability. Renobuild is a practical methodology that can help building owners to increase focus on sustainability.
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| 11. |
- Malmgren, Linus
(författare)
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Industrialized construction - explorations of current practice and opportunities
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrialized construction has over the years taken different expressions and gone through different phases depending on where inspiration has come from. In this project, industrialized construction has been studied in two applications: timber house manufacturing and renovation of multi-family houses. In Sweden industrialized production of timber houses is relatively strong in the housing sector, it however resides somewhere between industrial production and the traditional construction sector, which has led to some ambivalence. IT support and product documentation largely reflects the traditional construction sector, which means that they find it difficult to use the potential of industrialized construction in full. The efficiency of production of timber houses could be improved by more effective use of IT support, as well as better coherence between internal processes and the business model. Further, they need to consider how to document products in an industrialized context. These changes will inevitably have an impact on how they are organized and would require new or changed processes. It will also have an impact on how product documentation can be used. In Sweden there are strong property owners who are able to take an active role in industrialized construction if they were provided with the right knowledge and tools. An increasingly interesting sub-sector of construction is the renovation of multi-family houses, today investment in renovation is larger than in new construction. The renovation need in multi-family houses in Sweden, as well as in the rest of Europe, is large. How it will be financed and implemented is a problem that many property owners struggle with and different strategies have been used. For example pipe renovation is a major and costly action and many buildings are in great need. Several Swedish property owners can altogether show volumes over 1000 bathrooms per year in renovation and new construction, this could justify investments in industrialized strategies. A case study company in the research project has adopted an approach that standardizes pipe renovation to a limited number of solutions. This can be seen as a first step of an industrial strategy. For further industrialization, clients need to implement a comprehensive approach to the development and standardization of solutions, as well as ensuring better control of processes for implementing pipe renovation projects. The effort to create industrialized strategies is not unattainable, but it requires investments and expertise that property owners today typically do not have. If property owners would act as concept owners for industrialized platforms for renovation and new construction, it has the potential to create a new market.
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| 12. |
- Malmgren, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Product modeling of configurable building systems - a case study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology in Construction. - 1874-4753. ; 15, s. 354-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates a Swedish house manufactures building system regarding the documentation and information structures. The aim is to evaluate how product modeling technology can be used to facilitate product customization. By dividing the product in four different views the complexity of the product can be reduced and each view represent the interest of customer, engineering, production and assembly respectively. The analysis shows that the connections between the different view, i.e. the information transfer, is an area for potential improvements and little attention has been devoted to transfer information upstream from manufacturing and engineering to the customer view. The lack of information transfer can often lead to ad-hoc solutions in the customization process. We believe that successful cooperation and information exchange between these four views is the key to future development and customize-to-order configuration.
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| 13. |
- Malmgren, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Product modeling of configurable building systems - A case study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic journal of information technology in construction. - 1403-6835 .- 1400-6529. ; 16:May, s. 697-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates a Swedish house manufactures building system regarding the documentation and information structures. The aim is to evaluate how product modeling technology can be used to facilitate product customization. By dividing the product in four different views the complexity of the product can be reduced and each view represent the interest of customer, engineering, production and assembly respectively. The analysis shows that the connections between the different view, i.e. the information transfer, is an area for potential improvements and little attention has been devoted to transfer information upstream from manufacturing and engineering to the customer view. The lack of information transfer can often lead to ad-hoc solutions in the customization process. We believe that successful cooperation and information exchange between these four views is the key to future development and customize-to-order configuration.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Kravhantering, produkt- och projektutveckling av industriella byggkoncept
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ett industriellt byggande måste krav och önskemål hanteras i två utvecklingsfaser dels i den normala byggprocessen, s.k. projektutvecklingsfas, dels när det industriella konceptet utvecklas i en separat produktutvecklingsprocess, som är åtskild från byggprocessen. När produktutvecklingsfasen är genomförd, ska den på något sätt paketeras, lanseras, tillämpas och förvaltas. Plattformar och produktfamiljer är begrepp som används för att beskriva utvecklingen av strategier för s.k. "mass customization" i den fasta industrin, d v s sättet att med bibehållen skalfördel i mass-produktionssystem kunna anpassa produkten efter kundens önskemål. Det innebär att ägaren av ett byggkoncept skall utveckla dessa plattformar för projektering, produktion och försörjningskedjor som sedan används i projektutvecklingen av konceptet till färdig byggnad. Alla koncept måste pro-jektutvecklas till viss del, d v s anpassas till platsen. Hur stor del som konceptet specificeras i förväg, d v s i teknik och processutvecklingsskedet styr också i hög grad hur byggprocessen behöver förändras. Dagens utvecklade byggsystem har olika flexibilitet, förtillverkningsgrad och integration av leveran-törskedjor. Vilket innebär att möjlighet till kundanpassning varierar. Det är också viktigt att komma in tidigt i beställarens byggprocess för att kunna erbjuda alternativ som passar. Förutom krav som to-talentreprenad, kan lokala detaljplaner, illustrationsplaner och skisser innefatta krav som kullkastar användande av ett utvecklat koncept. Industriella byggare måste därför utveckla mer geometriskt flexibla byggkoncept än idag så att de bättre kan uppfylla framtida detaljplaners bestämmelser och intentioner. Resultaten från kravhanteringen visar att kravbild och kravnivåer är fragmenterade och olika för olika kravställare. En övervägande del av kraven ska beaktas i projekteringsskedet. Koncept som har hög grad av standardisering så måste byggherren tydligt tjäna tid, pengar och kvalitet på att anstränga sig för att anpassa sitt projekt till plattformen. Kravhantering ersätts i princip med en säljprocess där byggherren/kunden har att ta ställning till ett antal val. Görs oförutsedda avsteg från ett sådant kon-cept förlorar man snabbt vitsen med industrialiseringen. I projektutvecklingen, d v s när konceptet skall anpassas till kund och plats, kan prestanda¬analyser förenklas avsevärt. En stor del av konceptets egenskaper eller indata kommer att vara gemensamt och på förhand känt, d v s endast de egenskaperna som varieras (påverkas av kundanpassningen) behöver definieras. I fallstudien demonstrerades detta med en utvecklad applikation för energianalyser i ett projektutvecklingsskede. Fallstudien med avseende på konceptutveckling av en betongvägg visar att hög energiprestanda och fuktprestanda ej behöver stå i motsats till varandra. Den valda lösningen av de konceptutvecklade betongväggen gav knappt märkbar försämring av fuktprestanda samtidigt som energiprestandan förbättrades väsentligt. Vidare så kunde anslutningen förbättras utan att påverka det arkitektoniska uttrycket. En observation som gjordes i detta arbete var att modularisering med avseende på funktion krävdes. Metodiken som utvecklades i fallstudien lämpar sig mycket väl i ett industriellt byggande baserat på tekniska plattformar där en stor del av de tekniska lösningarna, komponenter och basmoduler är definierade. Vi tror att industrialiserat byggande har en framtid men att det kommer under en lång tid att ske i avgränsade nischer medans de stora förändringarna kommer att ske när dagens platsbyggda flerbo-stadshus övergår till i att allt högre grad baseras på byggsystem och plattformstänkande. En intressant utveckling blir när standardisering av komponenter och processer integreras i plattformar där effektivitetsvinster kan göras i alla led i byggprocessen från projektering och inköp till produktion och montering på plats.
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| 18. |
- Persson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Information management in industrial housing design and manufacture
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology in Construction. - 1874-4753. ; 14, s. 110-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized production of building components, or entire houses, reduces activities at the construction site to the assembly of parts and has the potential to increase productivity and reduce the design effort invested in every project. However, in order to realize all of the potential efficiency gains that use of predefined components could deliver effective, interoperable information management systems are required. This article presents a multiple case study investigating the processes, products and ICT environment involved in industrialized house construction from an information management perspective, focusing on six Swedish companies that manufacture timber frame elements and one that makes precast concrete elements. The aim of the study was to identify critical aspects of information management related to industrialization in the sector. The findings show that companies aiming to enhance control and productivity by improving information management need a better understanding of the requisites for efficient industrialized construction in terms of ICT support. Changes in the perspectives of the construction companies appear to be needed in terms of not only the manufacturing processes, but also information management. Three main areas are identified that should be prioritized before any investments in ICT can be implemented effectively: formal description of the relevant processes, detailed description of the product range and its full variety, and creation of an appropriate information systems strategy.
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