| 1. |
- Bhadani, Kanishk, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Student Perspectives on Video-Based Learning in CDIO-Based Project Courses
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 13th International CDIO Conference Proceedings, Calgary, Canada. - 1796-9964. - 9780889533998 ; , s. 689-704
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims at demonstrating the applicability of video learning in CDIO based project courses and at evaluating to what extent it benefits students. The courses are Machine Elements (PPU210), Product Planning - Needs and Opportunities (PPU085) and Engineering Design and Optimization (PPU190) in the Mechanical Engineering programme at Chalmers University of Technology. The research was carried out by first creating a set of videos for selected topics in three courses. In total, 22 videos were created including topics such as “Benchmarking”, “SWOT”, and “Prototype lab equipment instructions”. The learning outcomes of the video lectures were mapped to the CDIO syllabus. A blended learning environment was developed, i.e. the videos were utilised as additional support alongside existing learning activities. The videos were then used in the courses and the students’ feedbacks collected through a dedicated questionnaire, the regular course evaluation survey, and in student-teacher group meetings during and after the courses. The collected data was analysed to produce inferences about the applicability and utility of the video lectures. The resulting analysis shows the students’ preferences regarding the evaluated video lectures and instructions. The students find videos more appealing compared to traditional lectures. One of the main benefits highlighted is the possibility of watching the videos in parallel to the design-build-test project execution rather having the classroom lecture only. This helps in reinforcing concepts, and results in less dependency on supervisors during the project execution. Videos proved to be suitable for creating a blended learning environment and improved the perceived learning experience for the students. In order to maximize student satisfaction and interaction with the videos, the videos should be short and closely aligned to the other learning activities. The paper also suggests future improvements to be carried out for video-based learning in the courses, and proposes an easy adaptable way for teachers to develop video material.
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| 2. |
- Quist, Johannes, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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CDIO Based Engineering Design and Optimization Course
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2017 International CDIO Conference, Calgary, Canada. - 1796-9964. - 9780889533998 ; , s. 298-314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to design competitive products that meet today’s challenges, future engineers need knowledge and experience in applying and integrating optimization theory in the engineering design process. The Chalmers course Engineering Design and Optimization addresses this need and was developed and first offered in the fall semester of 2013. This paper provides a detailed account of the course development experiences, teaching methods and course evaluations using CDIO Standards. It also includes a discussion of the learning objectives, required resources, instructional processes and student assessments. The course is analyzed to see to what extent the course aim is satisfied and highlight areas of improvement. Three projects are carried out in groups of two students. The projects are a cantilever design-build-test exercise, a redesign project that involves material selection, and a multi disciplinary design project of an engine component using multi-physics software. The assignments are assessed with respect to both engineering criteria as well as reporting and communication. The course is believed to be novel in the way optimization theory and tools are taught as an integrated learning experience with engineering design and physical prototyping. The course has had a great impact on the students’ choice of master’s thesis project. The number of optimization-focused master thesis projects has increased from two or three to around 15 annually. Several of these projects are multidisciplinary and joint projects between departments of Applied Mechanics and Product & Production Development. The course has also initiated a valuable partnership with industry on optimization that now has grown to a network with 20 industrial and academic members.
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| 3. |
- Altschuh, Danièle, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering complex protein interaction kinetics using Interaction Map
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 428:1, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular receptor systems are expected to present complex ligand interaction patterns that cannot beevaluated assuming a simple one ligand:one receptor interaction model. We have previously evaluatedheterogeneous interactions using an alternative method to regression analysis, called Interaction Map(IM). IM decomposes a time-resolved binding curve into its separate components. By replacing the reductionistic,scalar kinetic association rate constant ka and dissociation rate constant kd with a two-dimensionaldistribution of ka and kd, it is possible to display heterogeneous data as a map where each peakcorresponds to one of the components that contribute to the cumulative binding curve. Here we challengethe Interaction Map approach by artificially generating heterogeneous data from two known interactions,on either LigandTracer or Surface Plasmon Resonance devices. We prove the ability of IM toaccurately decompose these man-made heterogeneous binding curves composed of two different interactions.We conclude that the Interaction Map approach is well suited for the analysis of complex bindingdata and forecast that it has a potential to resolve previously uninterpretable data, in particular thosegenerated in cell-based assays.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Arteaga, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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The new cell irradiation facility at the Lund nuclear probe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. ; 260:1, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CELLION project is directed towards the studies on cellular response to targeted single ions. This paper gives an account of the modifications made at the Lund sub-micron beam line in order to create a Single Ion Hit Facility for biological applications within the CELLION project. The most relevant new feature is the specially developed software used to locate the cells. A program for cell recognition and localization that gives the coordinates of the centre of the cells has been designed. The recognition is made online. A picture taken by a microscope is used as input parameter for the recognition program. Using V79 Chinese hamster cells, the recognition procedure can be done in less than 0.5 s for a picture size of 800 x 600 pixels with approximately 96% efficiency. This paper also reports target accuracy test results and the first non-targeted irradiation procedure performed at the Lund sub-micron beam line. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bernhardsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Shining dead bone-cause for cautious interpretation of [F-18]NaF PET scans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 89:1, s. 124-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — [18F]Fluoride ([18F]NaF) PET scan is frequently used for estimation of bone healing rate and extent in cases of bone allografting and fracture healing. Some authors claim that [18F]NaF uptake is a measure of osteoblastic activity, calcium metabolism, or bone turnover. Based on the known affinity of fluoride to hydroxyapatite, we challenged this view.Methods — 10 male rats received crushed, frozen allogeneic cortical bone fragments in a pouch in the abdominal wall on the right side, and hydroxyapatite granules on left side. [18F]NaF was injected intravenously after 7 days. 60 minutes later, the rats were killed and [18F]NaF uptake was visualized in a PET/CT scanner. Specimens were retrieved for micro CT and histology.Results — MicroCT and histology showed no signs of new bone at the implant sites. Still, the implants showed a very high [18F]NaF uptake, on a par with the most actively growing and remodeling sites around the knee joint.Interpretation — [18F]NaF binds with high affinity to dead bone and calcium phosphate materials. Hence, an [18F]NaF PET/CT scan does not allow for sound conclusions about new bone ingrowth into bone allograft, healing activity in long bone shaft fractures with necrotic fragments, or remodeling around calcium phosphate coated prostheses
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| 10. |
- Bjork, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against severe disease from the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants: surveillance results from southern Sweden, December 2021 to March 2022
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We compared vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe COVID-19 during calendar periods from December 2021 to March 2022 when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, respectively, were the dominating virus variants in Scania county, Sweden. We used continuous density case-control sampling matched for sex and age, and with further adjustment for differences in comorbidities and prior infection. VE remained relatively stable after the transition from BA.1 to BA.2 among people with at least three doses but decreased markedly among those with only two doses. Protection from prior infection was also lower after the transition to BA.2. These findings suggest that booster vaccination is needed to maintain sufficient protection against severe COVID-19.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThis study was supported by Swedish Research Council (VR; grant numbers 2019-00198 and 2021-04665), Sweden's Innovation Agency (Vinnova; grant number 2021-02648) and by internal grants for thematic collaboration initiatives at Lund University held by JB and MI. FK is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and Governmental Funds for Clinical Research (ALF), and CB is supported by Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare (Forte; grant number 2020-00962). The funders played no role in the design of the study, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2021-00059).I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAggregated surveillance data from the present study are publicly available.https://sodrasjukvardsregionen.se/kliniskastudier/covid-vacciner-skyddseffekt/
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing COVID-19 in the working age population – first results from a cohort study in Southern Sweden
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 needs to be assessed in diverse real-world population settings.Methods A cohort study of 805 741 residents in Skåne county, Southern Sweden, aged 18-64 years, of whom 26 587 received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Incidence rates of COVID-19 were estimated in sex- and age-adjusted analysis and stratified in two-week periods with substantial community spread of the disease.Results The estimated vaccine effectiveness in preventing infection ≥7 days after second dose was 86% (95% CI 72-94%) but only 42% (95% CI 14-63%) ≥14 days after a single dose. No difference in vaccine effectiveness was observed between females and males. Having a prior positive test was associated with 91% (95% CI 85 to 94%) effectiveness against new infection among the unvaccinated.Conclusion A satisfactory effectiveness of BNT162b2 after the second dose was suggested, but with possibly substantially lower effect before the second dose.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementThis study was supported by an internal grant for thematic collaboration initiatives at Lund University held by JB, and by Swedish Research Council (VR; grant number 2019-00198). FK is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and Governmental Funds for Clinical Research (ALF). The funders played no role in the design of the study, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2021-00059). As the study is register-based, individual participant consent was not necessary.All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesThe dataset used in the present study is hosted by Scania county council, Sweden. Legal and ethical restrictions prevent public sharing of the dataset. Data can be made available for collaborations upon request to interested researchers but would generally require a new ethical permission.
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| 13. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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High level of protection against COVID-19 after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in the working age population–first results from a cohort study in Southern Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 54:2, s. 128-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 needs to be assessed in diverse real-world population settings. Methods: A cohort study of 805,741 residents in Skåne county, Southern Sweden, aged 18–64 years, of whom 26,587 received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Incidence rates of COVID-19 were estimated in sex- and age-adjusted analysis and stratified in two-week periods with substantial community spread of the disease. Results: The estimated vaccine effectiveness in preventing infection ≥7 days after second dose was 86% (95% CI 72–94%) but only 42% (95% CI 14–63%) ≥14 days after a single dose. No difference in vaccine effectiveness was observed between females and males. Having a prior positive test was associated with 91% (95% CI 85–94%) effectiveness against new infection among the unvaccinated. Conclusion: A satisfactory effectiveness of BNT162b2 after the second dose was suggested, but with possibly substantially lower effect before the second dose.
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| 14. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness : A real-time case-control study in southern Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688. ; 150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extensive register infrastructure available for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance in Scania county, Sweden, makes it possible to classify individual cases with respect to hospitalisation and disease severity, stratify on time since last dose and demographic factors, account for prior infection and extract data for population controls automatically. In the present study, we developed a case-control sampling design to surveil vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population with more than 1.3 million inhabitants. The first surveillance results show that estimated VE against hospitalisation and severe disease 0-3 months after the last dose remained stable during the study period, but waned markedly 6 months after the last dose in persons aged 65 years or over.
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| 15. |
- Björkelund, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Gefitinib Induces Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dimers Which Alters the Interaction Characteristics with (125)I-EGF
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:9, s. e24739-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib inhibits growth in some tumor types by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Previous studies show that the affinity of the EGF-EGFR interaction varies between hosting cell line, and that gefitinib increases the affinity for some cell lines. In this paper, we investigate possible mechanisms behind these observations. Real-time interaction analysis in LigandTracer (R) Grey revealed that the HER2 dimerization preventing antibody pertuzumab clearly modified the binding of (125)I-EGF to EGFR on HER2 overexpressing SKOV3 cells in the presence of gefitinib. Pertuzumab did not affect the binding on A431 cells, which express low levels of HER2. Cross-linking measurements showed that gefitinib increased the amount of EGFR dimers 3.0-3.8 times in A431 cells in the absence of EGF. In EGF stimulated SKOV3 cells the amount of EGFR dimers increased 1.8-2.2 times by gefitinib, but this effect was cancelled by pertuzumab. Gefitinib treatment did not alter the number of EGFR or HER2 expressed in tumor cell lines A431, U343, SKOV3 and SKBR3. Real-time binding traces were further analyzed in a novel tool, Interaction Map, which deciphered the different components of the measured interaction and supports EGF binding to multiple binding sites. EGFR and HER2 expression affect the levels of EGFR monomers, homodimers and heterodimers and EGF binds to the various monomeric/dimeric forms of EGFR with unique binding properties. Taken together, we conclude that dimerization explains the varying affinity of EGF - EGFR in different cells, and we propose that gefitinib induces EGFR dimmers, which alters the interaction characteristics with (125)I-EGF.
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| 16. |
- Björkelund, Hanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving the EGF-EGFR interaction characteristics through a multiple-temperature, multiple-inhibitor, real-time interaction analysis approach
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular and Clinical Oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 2049-9469 .- 2049-9450. ; 1:2, s. 343-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overexpression and aberrant activity of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been observed in various cancer types, rendering it an important target in oncology research. The interaction between EGF and its receptor (EGFR), as well as subsequent internalization, is complex and may be affected by various factors including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). By combining real‑time binding curves produced in LigandTracer® with internalization assays conducted at different temperatures and with different TKIs, the processes of ligand binding, internalization and excretion was visualized. SKOV3 cells had a slower excretion rate compared to A431 and U343 cells, and the tested TKIs (gefitinib, lapatinib, AG1478 and erlotinib) reduced the degree of internalization. The kinetic analysis of the binding curves further demonstrated TKI‑dependent balances of EGFR monomer and dimer populations, where lapatinib promoted the monomeric form, while the other TKIs induced dimers. The dimer levels were found to be associated with the apparent affinity of the EGF‑EGFR interaction, with EGF binding stronger to EGFR dimers compared to monomers. This study analyzed how real‑time molecular interaction analysis may be utilized in combination with perturbations in order to understand the kinetics of a ligand‑receptor interaction, as well as some of its associated intracellular processes. Our multiple‑temperature and ‑inhibitor assay setup renders it possible to follow the EGFR monomer, dimer and internalized populations in a detailed manner, allowing for a new perspective of the EGFR biology.
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| 17. |
- Bäckström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Stormwater management in a catchbasin perspective - best practices or sustainable strategies?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 46:6-7, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strategy for sustainable stormwater management is needed. This study has focused on the relative importance of stormwater as a pollutant source in a catchbasin, if Best Management Practices (BMPs) result in pollutant removal or pollutant redistribution, and methods for screening of stormwater strategies. Stormwater is most likely an important pathway for pollutants in a catchbasin perspective. True pollutant removal can only be achieved if the pollutant sources are eliminated. Until that is reached, we should have the best possible control of the pollutant fluxes in the watershed. This study indicates that the search for a sustainable stormwater strategy could be easier to handle if different "screens" could be used. The Swedish environmental objectives, which try to encapsulate all aspects of sustainability, may be used as a foundation for a "sustainability screen". By using this screen, the "unsustainable" features of different stormwater strategies could be pointed out. A "standards and legislation screen" will be based on the EU Water Framework Directive. As this study has shown, it is doubtful whether the conventional BMPs, such as stormwater ponds and infiltration facilities, produce a sufficient pollutant control.
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| 18. |
- Bäckström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of stormwater pollutants through a roadside grassed swale
- 2006
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 3:2, s. 55-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations of the pollutant trapping capability of a grassed swale receiving runoff from a road with a traffic intensity of 8,000 vehicles/day were carried out in central Luleå, Sweden. Transport and retention of suspended solids, particles and heavy metals (copper, lead and zinc) were analysed. The sampling was carried out during seven rain events. The results show that once pollutants are trapped in a grassed swale they are not permanently bound to vegetation or soil. A roadside grassed swale may be regarded as a stormwater treatment facility that attenuates the peaks in pollutant loads, without being capable of producing consistently high removal rates.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Forslind, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Human skin physiology studied by particle probe microanalysis
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scanning Microscopy. - 0891-7035. ; 9:4, s. 1011-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle probe methods (electron probe and proton probe X-ray microanalysis) have been applied to investigate the distribution of elements and water over the different layers of the epidermis. For major elements, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) provides the advantage of superior spatial resolution, but for trace element analysis the more sensitive proton probe (particle induced X-ray emission, PIXE) analysis has to be used. On a dry weight basis, the concentration of S is rather constant across the epidermis, whereas the concentrations of P, K, Cl and Na show gradients with high levels in stratum germinativum (basale) and stratum spinosum but low levels in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. Essentially, Fe and Zn are confined to the basal region in normal skin. The concentration of Ca, however, increased steadily from the basal region to the stratum corneum. The probe technique allows quantitative analysis of stratum-specific changes in elemental content in a variety of pathological conditions, e.g., changes induced by nickel, detergents and other chemicals, or in psoriatic skin. Of particular interest are findings of increased Fe and Zn in non-involved psoriatic skin. Since the different layers of the skin have different elemental concentrations and react differently under pathological conditions, the probe techniques are far superior to bulk chemical analysis in elucidating physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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| 21. |
- Gedda, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Real-Time Immunohistochemistry and Interaction Map as an Alternative Objective Assessment of HER2 Expression in Human Breast Cancer Tissue
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology (Print). - 1541-2016 .- 1533-4058. ; 21:6, s. 497-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunohistochemical study (IHC) is a critical tool in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. One common assessment is the expression level of the HER2 receptor in breast cancer tissue samples with the aim of stratifying patients for applicability of the therapeutic antibody Herceptin. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a novel assay, real-time IHC combined with Interaction Map analysis, offers the possibility of objective assessment of HER2 expression. Interaction Map presents real-time interaction data as a collection of peaks on a surface, and it was performed on 20 patient tissue samples previously scored for HER2 expression. The result shows that the relative weight of the peaks in the maps contains novel information that could discriminate between high and low HER2 expression in an operator-independent manner (P<0.001). We conclude that the real-time IHC assay has a promising potential to complement conventional IHC and may improve the precision in the future clinical diagnostics of breast cancer.
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| 22. |
- Kahn, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of severe COVID-19 from the Delta and Omicron variants in relation to vaccination status, sex, age and comorbidities - surveillance results from southern Sweden, July 2021 to January 2022
- 2022
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Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1560-7917. ; 27:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared the risk of severe COVID-19 during two periods 2021 and 2022 when Delta and Omicron, respectively, were the dominating virus variants in Scania county, Sweden. We adjusted for differences in sex, age, comorbidities, prior infection and vaccination. Risk of severe disease from Omicron was markedly lower among vaccinated cases. It was also lower among the unvaccinated but remained high (> 5%) for older people and middle-aged men with two or more comorbidities. Efforts to increase vaccination uptake should continue.
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| 23. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles of intranasal and oral cetirizine in a repeated allergen challenge model of allergic rhinitis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. - 1081-1206. ; 98:4, s. 316-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intranasal and oral antihistamines are effective in treating allergic rhinitis. Studies comparing these routes of administration of an antihistamine regarding efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile are lacking. Objective: To compare topical and oral routes of administration of cetirizine regarding efficacy, plasma exudation, and systemic drug levels in a repeated allergen challenge model of allergic rhinitis. Methods: Oral cetirizine dihydrochloride, 10 mg once daily, and topical cetirizine dinitrate in a dose corresponding to 4.4 mg of the dihydrochloride salt twice daily were given to grass pollen-sensitive individuals for 12 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Timothy grass pollen allergen challenges were given once daily for 7 days using a nasal spray device. Nasal symptoms and peak inspiratory flow were recorded in the morning, 10 minutes after allergen challenge, and in the evening. The pharmacokinetics of the treatments was monitored in 8 patients. The remaining 28 patients were challenged topically with histamine 12 and 24 hours after the final topical and oral cetirizine doses, respectively. Nasal lavage levels of alpha(2)-macroglobulin were determined to evaluate histamine-induced mucosal plasma exudation. Results: During the last 3 days of the repeated allergen challenge model, chronic symptoms were established. Both treatments reduced symptoms 10 minutes after allergen challenge (P < .001 vs placebo). Neither treatment reduced morning and evening symptoms or nasal peak inspiratory flow. Topical, but not oral, cetirizine reduced histamine-induced plasma exudation (P < .01 vs placebo) when systemic drug levels were similar in the 2 treatment regimens. Conclusions: Topical and oral cetirizine reduced acute nasal symptoms produced by allergen challenges in patients with established chronic symptoms. There were also antihistaminic effects of topical cetirizine not related to systemic drug levels.
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| 24. |
- Malmqvist, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ozone exposure for epidemiological studies in Malmo and Umea, Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 94, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground level ozone [ozone] is considered a harmful air pollutant but there is a knowledge gap regarding its long term health effects. The main aim of this study is to develop local Land Use Regression [LUR] models that can be used to study long term health effects of ozone. The specific aim is to develop spatial LUR models for two Swedish cities, Umea and Malmo, as well as a temporal model for Malmo in order to assess ozone exposure for long term epidemiological studies. For the spatial model we measured ozone, using Ogawa passive samplers, as weekly averages at 40 sites in each study area, during three seasons. This data was then inserted in the LUR-model with data on traffic, land use, population density and altitude to develop explanatory models of ozone variation. To develop the temporal model for Malmo, hourly ozone data was aggregated into daily means for two measurement stations in Malmo and one in a rural area outside Malmo. Using regression analyses we inserted meteorological variables into different temporal models and the one that performed best for all three stations was chosen. For Malmo the LUR-model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.40 and cross validation R-2 of 0.17. For Umea the model had an adjusted model R-2 of 0.67 and cross validation adjusted R-2 of 0.48. When restricting the model to only including measuring sites from urban areas, the Malmo model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.51 (cross validation adjusted R-2 0.33) and the Umea model had adjusted model R-2 of 0.81 (validation adjusted R-2 of 0.73). The temporal model had adjusted model R-2 0.54 and 0.61 for the two Malmo sites, the cross validation adjusted R-2 was 0.42. In conclusion, we can with moderate accuracy, at least for Umea, predict the spatial variability, and in Malmo the temporal variability in ozone variation. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 25. |
- Malmqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in human hypertension with irbesartan
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 19:6, s. 1167-1176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Swedish irbesartan left ventricular hypertrophy investigation versus atenolol (SILVHIA). OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II induces myocardial hypertrophy. We hypothesized that blockade of angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptors by the AT1-receptor antagonist irbesartan would reduce left ventricular mass (as measured by echocardiography) more than conventional treatment with a beta blocker. DESIGN AND METHODS: This double-blind study randomized 115 hypertensive men and women with left ventricular hypertrophy to receive either irbesartan 150 mg q.d. or atenolol 50 mg q.d. for 48 weeks. If diastolic blood pressure remained above 90 mmHg, doses were doubled, and additional medications (hydrochlorothiazide and felodipine) were prescribed as needed. Echocardiography was performed at weeks 0, 12, 24 and 48. RESULTS: Baseline mean blood pressure was 162/ 104 mmHg, and mean left ventricular mass index was 157 g/m2 for men and 133 g/m2 for women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure reductions were similar in both treatment groups. Both irbesartan (P < 0.001) and atenolol (P< 0.001) progressively reduced left ventricular mass index, e.g. by 26 and 14 g/m2 (16 and 9%), respectively, at week 48, with a greater reduction in the irbesartan group (P = 0.024). The proportion of patients who attained a normalized left ventricular mass (i.e. < or = 131 g/m2 for men and < or = 100 g/m2 for women) tended to be greater with irbesartan (47 versus 32%, P = 0.108). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular mass was reduced more in the irbesartan group than in the atenolol group. These results suggest that blocking the action of angiotensin II at AT1-receptors may be an important mechanism, beyond that of lowering blood pressure, in the regulation of left ventricular mass and geometry in patients with hypertension.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, Carl Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Application of optical spectroscopy to paper production
- 1999
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Ingår i: Optical measurement systems for industrial inspection. - Bellingham, Washington : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819433101 ; , s. 318-325
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence from paper following excitation by either ultraviolet or visible light gives information on the chemical composition of the paper. This can be used for on-line monitoring of the paper during production. Such measurements can be performed non-intrusively at sampling rates high enough to give a sub-millimetre resolution at paper webs moving at velocities higher than 20 metres per second. Two types of fluorescence meters, operating at different wavelengths, have been constructed. Together with an optical speedometer they have been tested at newsprint producing paper mills. A fluorescence based method for scanning cross-directional newsprint profiles in the laboratory has been developed. From these measurements the relative shrinkage of the paper during drying can be calculated using time-frequency analysis.
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| 29. |
- Nilsson, Carl Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Study of pigment and optical response distributions in newsprint
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, TAGA. - Rochester, NY : Technical Association of the Graphic Arts. ; , s. 737-748
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of the printed screen dots is one of the critical factors that determine the over all quality of a printed halftone image. In this paper the spatial distribution of pigment is recorded and its relation to optical response and local paper grammage in printed screen dots on newsprint is analyzed. It is shown that light scattering inside the paper structure to some extent hide large irregularities in the pigment distribution. It is also shown that a hole in a screen dot will be optical mitigate by the paper structure as a result of multiple light scattering inside the bulk. We also show experimentally the hue shift in the border zone of the screen dot. A halo of light around the pigment area, which shifts from cyan towards green, has been determined around a cyan screen dot. Influence from the cyan pigment can be spotted in the optical response up to a distance of at least 20 μm from the measured pigment particle.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Papadopoulou, Panagiota, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Video Development Methods for CDIO-Based Project Courses
- 2018
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Ingår i: The 14th International CDIO Conference, Kanazawa, Japan. - 1796-9964 .- 2002-1593. - 9784906122530 ; , s. 431-442
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Video utilization can be a powerful tool for teachers to stimulate students’ interest and support flexible and adaptive learning. Successful video-based learning implementation cannot be assured without careful consideration regarding desired quality, learning outcomes and video development methods. The investigation and sharing of experiences considering video development is indispensable and will contribute to spreading a culture of easily made, peer-reviewed videos, which will enhance teaching and learning. For CDIO-based courses, it is required that the video development methods are agile and cost-effective in production as to support continuous update of videos relevant for the course and other course activities. In this paper, we identify and describe video development methods from different CDIO-based project courses. The methods are classified based on the content type, the production style, the required resources and the video characteristics. All presented video development methods follow our general framework of video development process which has been previously published and consists of four interwoven steps - topic selection, learning objectives mapping, content generation and video recording. Based on semi-structured interviews with the course teachers, we present their experiences with those different development methods to create content specific videos pertaining to various Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate topics. As outcome, we suggest our preferable video development method depending on video content category. We conclude that the choice of video development method must consider the audience’s characteristics and needs while video content should be aligned with the course content, other learning activities and the literature. The video development methods suggested and described in this paper will assist educators to choose an appropriate video development method for their own courses and maximize the videos’ contribution to student learning.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Tideman, Magnus, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Övergången från ung till vuxen för personer med funktionsnedsättning – en kartläggning av det vetenskapliga kunskapsläget
- 2020
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att gå från att vara ungdom till att bli vuxen kan innebära en rad förändringar, som att flytta hemifrån, börja studera eller arbeta, skapa nya relationeroch kanske träffa en partner. Men det handlar också om att möta högrekrav på att fatta egna beslut och ta ansvar för beslutens konsekvenser.Med andra ord: att etablera sig som vuxen innebär såväl möjligheter som utmaningar för unga människor. Detta gäller givetvis också för ungasom lever med olika typer och grader av funktionsnedsättning. Den här kunskapsöversikten redovisar forskningsbaserad kunskap om övergången från ungdoms- till vuxenliv för personer med funktionsnedsättning.
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| 34. |
- Wang, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Automated functional characterization of radiolabeled antibodies : a time-resolved approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear medicine communications. - 0143-3636 .- 1473-5628. ; 35:7, s. 767-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The number of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used for medical imaging and cancer therapy is increasing. The required chemical modification for attaching a radioactive label and all associated treatment may lead to a damaged mAb subpopulation. This paper describes a novel method, concentration through kinetics (CTK), for rapid assessment of the concentration of immunoreactive mAb and the specific radioactivity, based on monitoring binding kinetics. Methods The interaction of radiolabeled mAb with either the antigen or a general mAb binder such as Protein A was monitored in real time using the instrument LigandTracer. As the curvature of the binding trace has a distinct shape based on the interaction kinetics and concentration of the functional mAb, the immunoreactive mAb concentration could be calculated through reverse kinetic fitting of the binding curves, using software developed for this project. The specific activity, describing the degree of radioactive labeling, was determined through the use of calibrated signal intensities. Results The performance of the CTK assay was evaluated on the basis of various mAb-based interaction systems and assay formats, and it was shown that the assay can provide accurate and repeatable results for immunoreactive concentration and specific activity, with both accuracy and relative SD values below 15%. Conclusion By applying reverse kinetics on real-time binding traces it is possible to estimate the functional concentration and specific activity of radiolabeled mAb. The CTK assay may in the future be included as a complement to current quality assessment methods of radiolabeled mAbs.
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| 35. |
- Ågren, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Requirements on Systems Development Speed: A Multiple-Case Study in Automotive
- 2019
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Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 24:3, s. 315-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive manufacturers have historically adopted rigid requirements engineering processes. This allowed them to meet safety-critical requirements when producing a highly complex and differentiated product out of the integration of thousands of physical and software components. Nowadays, few software-related domains are as rapidly changing as the automotive industry. In particular, the needs of improving development speed are increasingly pushing companies in this domain toward new ways of developing software. In this paper, we investigate how the goal to increase development speed impacts how requirements are managed in the automotive domain. We start from a manager perspective, which we then complement with a more general perspective. We used a qualitative multiple-case study, organized in two steps. In the first step, we had 20 semi-structured interviews, at two automotive manufacturers. Our sampling strategy focuses on manager roles, complemented with technical specialists. In the second step, we validated our results with 12 more interviews, covering nine additional respondents and three recurring from the first step. In addition to validating our qualitative model, the second step of interviews broadens our perspective with technical experts and change managers. Our respondents indicate and rank six aspects of the current requirements engineering approach that impact development speed. These aspects include the negative impact of a requirements style dominated by safety concerns as well as decomposition of requirements over many levels of abstraction. Furthermore, the use of requirements as part of legal contracts with suppliers is seen as hindering fast collaboration. Six additional suggestions for potential improvements include domain-specific tooling, model-based requirements, test automation, and a combination of lightweight upfront requirements engineering preceding development with precise specifications post-development. Out of these 12 aspects, seven can likely be addressed as part of an ongoing agile transformation. We offer an empirical account of expectations and needs for new requirements engineering approaches in the automotive domain, necessary to coordinate hundreds of collaborating organizations developing software-intensive and potentially safety-critical systems.
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| 36. |
- Ågren, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The manager perspective on requirements impact on automotive systems development speed
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2018. - : IEEE. ; , s. 17-28
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Historically, automotive manufacturers have adopted rigid requirements engineering processes, which allowed them to meet safety-critical requirements while integrating thousands of physical and software components into a highly complex and differentiated product. Nowadays, needs of improving development speed are pushing companies in this domain towards new ways of developing software. Objectives: We aim at obtaining a manager perspective on how the goal to increase development speed impacts how software intense automotive systems are developed and their requirements managed. Methods: We used a qualitative multiple-case study, based on 20 semi-structured interviews, at two automotive manufacturers. Our sampling strategy focuses on manager roles, complemented with technical specialists. Results: We found that both a requirements style dominated by safety concerns, and decomposition of requirements over many levels of abstraction impact development speed negatively. Furthermore, the use of requirements as part of legal contracts with suppliers hiders fast collaboration. Suggestions for potential improvements include domain-specific tooling, model-based requirements, test automation, and a combination of lightweight pre-development requirements engineering with precise specifications post-development. Conclusions: We offer an empirical account of expectations and needs for new requirements engineering approaches in the automotive domain, necessary to coordinate hundreds of collaborating organizations developing software-intensive and potentially safety-critical systems.
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