| 1. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Electrification of Vehicle Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumption within the Household Context: A Case Study from California, USA
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Electric Vehicle Journal. - : MDPI AG. - 2032-6653. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), consisting of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), combined with the decarbonization of the electricity sector, can significantly help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. This study used empirical data from 287 households with at least one plug-in electric vehicle in California between 2016 and 2020. We estimated electric vehicle miles traveled (eVMT), fuel consumption and utility factor at the household level, i.e., taking into consideration all vehicles. We also studied the effect of household-specific factors-such as frequency of overlaps between vehicles, frequency of charging and frequency of long-distance trips-on eVMT, utility factor and fuel consumption within two-car households. Our results indicate that PHEVs with a range of at least 35 miles have the potential to electrify a similar share of total household miles as some short range BEVs, or can reach up to 70% as much electrification as some long range BEVs and, thus, can play an important role in decarbonizing the transport sector.
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| 2. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Electrification of vehicle miles travelled within the household context
- 2019
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Ingår i: EVS32 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigated Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) within the household context and analyzed how household factors impact utility factor (UF) and electric vehicle miles travelled. We used a dataset with one-year logger data on all actively used cars in 71 households owning a PEV in California. Our results indicate that for the whole household, a PHEV with a range of 36 miles can electrify almost the same share of miles as a BEV with 80 miles range. Furthermore, a higher frequency of long-distance trips lowers the UF of a PHEV and owning a conventional car with higher fuel economy lowers the UF of the household.
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| 3. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Electrification of vehicle miles travelled within the household context
- 2020
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Ingår i: TRB 2020 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), consisting of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), combined with the decarbonization of the electricity sector can significantly help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector. In this paper, we investigated PEVs within the household context and analyzed how household factors impact electric vehicle miles travelled (eVMT), VMT of the PEV, VMT of the household, utility factor (UF) of the PEV and UF of the household. We used a data set consisting of detailed logger data on all actively used cars from 71 households (with each household containing one PEV) in California, from summer 2015 to summer 2016. Our results indicate that, within lower range PEVs, in the context of the whole household, a PHEV like the Chevrolet Volt with half the range of a BEV like the Nissan Leaf, can electrify almost the same share of miles. Also, tendency for long distance trips seems to decrease the fuel economy and the utility factor of the PHEV. Furthermore, internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) with higher MPGs have a higher likelihood to replace trips from the PEV and consequently lower the UF of the household.
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| 4. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical charging behavior of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) offer greenhouse gas emission reduction in car usage if charged frequently and driven mainly on electricity. However, little is known about the actual charging behavior of PHEV owners. Here, we investigate the daily charging of 10,488 Chevrolet Volt PHEV driven on a total of 4.3 million total driving days in the US and Canada. We propose a new method to detect the frequency of individual charging behavior from the daily utility factor and daily distance travelled. Our results show that no charging overnight occurs typically on 3–7% of the driving days per user and additional charging happens on 20–26% of the driving days. We also analyze the relation between charging frequency and utility factor for different user groups and days. Our results show that the utility factor should not be used as the only measure of environmental performance of PHEVs.
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| 5. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical recharging behavior of plug-in hybrid vehicles
- 2020
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Ingår i: EVS33 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigated the recharging behavior of Chevy Volt (a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) users. The dataset used is from volstats.net and contains data from 9,987 Chevrolet Volt driven with 3.7 million total driving days in the US and Canada, from April 2011 to May 2019. Results show that additional over-day recharging happens on average on 3-8 % of the days and no recharging overnight happens on average less often 3-6 % of the days. Furthermore, users with more than 30,000 annual vehicle kilometers traveled recharge over-day more than three times compared to the rest of the group.
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| 6. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Factors impacting real-world fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Europe - an empirical analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Communications. - 2515-7620. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine an electric motor with an internal combustion engine and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport if mainly driven on electricity. The environmental benefit of PHEVs strongly depends on its usage and charging behavior. Several studies have demonstrated low electric driving shares (EDS) of many PHEVs. However, there is limited evidence on which vehicle properties affect the EDS of PHEVs to which extent. Here, we provide an empirical and quantitative analysis of real-world EDS and fuel consumption and look at how they are impacted by factors related to vehicle properties such as range, system power and mass. We complement previous studies on real-world EDS and fuel consumption of PHEVs by combining two different data sets, with almost 100,000 vehicles in total, over 150 models in 41 countries, which is combined the largest PHEV sample in Europe to date to be analyzed in the literature. We find that an increase of 10 km of type approval range leads on average to 13%-17% fuel consumption decrease and 1%-4% EDS increase. Furthermore, a 1 kW increase in system power per 100 kg of vehicle mass is associated with an average increase of 7%-9% in fuel consumption and a decrease of up to 2% in EDS. We also find that long-distance driving and charging behavior are the largest non-technical factors for the deviation between type-approval and real-world data. Furthermore, PHEV fuel consumption and related tail-pipe emissions in Europe are on average higher than official EU values.
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| 7. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Hur mycket körs laddhybrider på el egentligen?
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Laddhybrider erbjuder möjligheten att elektrifiera en del av bilkörandet utan att användaren behöver vara orolig för en begränsad räckvidd som i fallet med rena elbiar. I Sverige har laddhybrider dominerat försäljningen av elektrifierade bilar. I juli 2019 bestod 66% av de laddbara bilarna i Sverige av laddhybrider. Det finns dock en risk att laddhybrider inte laddas och därmed körs enbart på fossila bränslen. Att kunna förstå hur dessa bilar används och vad som påverkar andelen elektrifierade kilometer är väldigt viktigt för att kunna avgöra deras miljönytta.
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| 8. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging on fuel consumption and tail-pipe emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Communications. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7620. ; 3:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have an electric motor and an internal combustion engine and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from transport. However, their environmental benefit strongly depends on the charging behaviour. Several studies have analysed the GHG emissions from upstream electricity production, yet the impact of individual charging behaviour on PHEV tail-pipe carbon emissions has not been quantified from empirical data so far. Here, we use daily driving data from 7,491 Chevrolet Volt PHEV with a total 3.4 million driving days in the US and Canada to fill this gap. We quantify the effect of daily charging on the electric driving share and the individual fuel consumption. We find that even a minor deviation from charging every driving day significantly increases fuel consumption and thus tail-pipe emissions. Our results show that reducing charging from every day to 9 out of 10 days, increases fuel consumption on average by 1.85 +/- 0.03 l/100 km or 42.7 +/- 0.8 gCO(2) km(-1) tail-pipe emissions (+/- on standard error). Charging more than once per driving day has less impact in our sample, this must occur during at least 20% of driving days to have a noteworthy effect. Even then, a 10% increase in frequency only has moderate effect of decreasing fuel consumption on average by 0.08 +/- 0.02 l/100 km or 1.86 +/- 0.46 gCO(2) km(-1) tail-pipe emissions. Our results illustrate the importance of providing adequate charging infrastructure and incentives for PHEV users to charge their vehicles on a regular basis in order to ensure that their environmental impact is small as even long-range PHEVs can have a noteworthy share of conventional fuel use when not regularly charged.
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| 9. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991
(författare)
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The Role of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Electrifying Personal Transport
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Paris Agreement emphasizes the importance of greenhouse gas mitigation in the transport sector to address climate change and create a sustainable future with lower carbon emissions. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can be helpful in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in transportation when combined with efforts to decarbonize the electricity sector. PHEVs combine an electric engine with a conventional one, so they have rechargeable battery packs as well as fuel tanks. The unique position of PHEVs as a vehicle that can utilize two different energy sources makes their role in electrifying personal transport highly debated. This thesis uses various sets of real-world PHEV charging and driving data and investigates the role of PHEVs in electrifying personal transport with a focus on how much their kilometers are electrified through analysis of (1) their charging behavior and how this behavior impacts fuel consumption and tail-pipe CO2 emissions, (2) how they are driven within the household context and (3) how they are driven differently across countries. This thesis develops a new method to identify charging events and analyze PHEV charging behavior for large samples that only have driving data. Using this method, results show that the possibility to charge overnight has a bigger effect than additional charging during the day on increasing the share of electrified kilometers of PHEVs and reducing their fuel consumption and tail pipe emissions. Therefore, it is important to ensure adequate access and incentives for users to plug-in every night to make sure PHEVs can contribute to a reduction of CO2 emissions; and policies for PHEVs should prioritize easy access to overnight charging. Results also show that PHEVs with a range of at least 56 km (35 miles) have the potential to electrify a similar share of total household miles as some short-range battery electric vehicles (BEVs) —which only have an electric engine—, or can reach up to 70% as much electrification as some long-range BEVs (e.g. Tesla Model S). On the other hand, results also show that PHEVs have poor environmental performance across the globe compared to set standards: lower share of electrified kilometers compared to type approval values and higher fuel consumption than e.g. European Union targets. However, lower electricity price to gasoline price ratio can lead to an increase in the share of electrified kilometers of PHEVs. This thesis shows that PHEVs can considerably contribute to the share of electrified kilometers in the transport sector and play an important role in decarbonizing it if the debate regarding PHEVs is focused on maximizing their environmental benefits.
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| 10. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991
(författare)
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The Role of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Electrifying Personal Transport - Analysis of empirical data from North America
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) can help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, combined with the decarbonization of the electricity sector, and play an important role in electrifying personal transport. This thesis uses empirical data from North America to investigate the role of PHEVs in electrifying personal transport, with a focus on the household context and charging behavior. There is a lack of assessment of electrification at the household level in the literature and Paper I fills this gap by analyzing how household factors impact the share of electrification of vehicle miles travelled (eVMT) considering all vehicles in the household. There is also a lack of empirical studies in the literature analyzing the charging behavior for large samples of PHEV users. Paper II fills this gap with an analysis of a large sample and long observation period for Chevrolet Volt (a long-range PHEV) in North America. To the authors’ best knowledge, it is the first study to map out the range of charging behavior with additional daytime charging and no overnight charging frequencies. Previous studies in the literature have analyzed well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions of PHEVs but neglect the effect of charging behavior on tail-pipe emissions. Paper III fills this gap by quantifying the environmental effects of PHEV charging behavior with a focus on tail-pipe emissions of a long-range PHEV such as the Chevrolet Volt. Our results indicate that PHEVs with a range of at least 35 US miles (56 km) have an important role to play, especially in the electrification of vehicle miles travelled within the household context where they can achieve as much electrification as some battery electric vehicles; regular overnight charging can have a noteworthy reduction on tail pipe emissions of PHEVs and substantially increase share of electrification of miles; and policy for PHEVs should prioritize easy access to overnight charging above public and workplace infrastructure to achieve high shares of electrification.
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| 11. |
- Mandev, Ahmet, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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What impacts the electrified miles travelled (eVMT) of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) within the household context?
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrified vehicle miles travelled (eVMT) and the utility factor (UF) -described as the share of eVMT within total vehicle miles travelled- are two of the most common metrics in analyzing the performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and understanding to what degree they provide ‘emission-free’ travel. The number of studies in the literature that uses empirical data to assess eVMT and UF are limited. Some of those studies look into how some factors such as all electric range (AER) impact eVMT and UF; however, factors within the household context are usually neglected. In this study, we used an empirical data set to estimate eVMT and UF on the household level and apart from the range of PEV, we looked into how factors within the household context such as households size, number of drivers, total household VMT, commute distance, share of PEV-usage among household drivers, impact eVMT and UF.
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