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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 6. |
- Leclair, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct HLA associations with autoantibody-defined subgroups in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
- 2023
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), autoantibodies are associated with specific clinical phenotypes suggesting a pathogenic role of adaptive immunity. We explored if autoantibody profiles are associated with specific HLA genetic variants and clinical manifestations in IIM. Methods We included 1348 IIM patients and determined the occurrence of 14 myositis-specific or-associated autoantibodies. We used unsupervised cluster analysis to identify autoantibody-defined subgroups and logistic regression to estimate associations with clinical manifestations, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 alleles, and amino acids imputed from genetic information of HLA class II and I molecules. Findings We identified eight subgroups with the following dominant autoantibodies: anti-Ro52, -U1RNP, -PM/Scl,-Mi2,-Jo1,-Jo1/Ro52,-TIF1 gamma or negative for all analysed autoantibodies. Associations with HLA-DRB1*11, HLA-DRB1*15, HLA-DQA1*03, and HLA-DQB1*03 were present in the anti-U1RNP-dominated subgroup. HLA-DRB1*03, HLA-DQA1*05, and HLA-DQB1*02 alleles were overrepresented in the anti-PM/Scl and anti-Jo1/ Ro52-dominated subgroups. HLA-DRB1*16, HLA-DRB1*07 alleles were most frequent in anti-Mi2 and HLA- DRB1*01 and HLA-DRB1*07 alleles in the anti-TIF1 gamma subgroup. The HLA-DRB1*13, HLA-DQA1*01 and HLA-DQB1*06 alleles were overrepresented in the negative subgroup. Significant signals from variations in class I molecules were detected in the subgroups dominated by anti-Mi2, anti-Jo1/Ro52, anti-TIF1 gamma, and the negative subgroup. Interpretation Distinct HLA class II and I associations were observed for almost all autoantibody-defined subgroups. The associations support autoantibody profiles use for classifying IIM which would likely reflect underlying pathogenic mechanisms better than classifications based on clinical symptoms and/or histopathological features. Funding See a detailed list of funding bodies in the Acknowledgements section at the end of the manuscript. Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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- Michelsen, Brigitte, et al.
(författare)
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Real-World Six- and Twelve-Month Drug Retention, Remission, and Response Rates of Secukinumab in 2,017 Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis in Thirteen European Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arthritis Care and Research. - : Wiley. - 2151-464X .- 2151-4658. ; 74:7, s. 1205-1218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: There is a lack of real-life studies on interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibition in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We assessed real-life 6- and 12-month effectiveness (i.e., retention, remission, low disease activity [LDA], and response rates) of the IL-17 inhibitor secukinumab in PsA patients overall and across 1) number of prior biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), 2) years since diagnosis, and 3) European registries. Methods: Thirteen quality registries in rheumatology participating in the European Spondyloarthritis Research Collaboration Network provided longitudinal, observational data collected as part of routine care for secondary use. Data were pooled and analyzed with Kaplan-Meier plots, log rank tests, Cox regression, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 2,017 PsA patients started treatment with secukinumab between 2015 and 2018. Overall secukinumab retention rates were 86% and 76% after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Crude (LUNDEX adjusted) 6-month remission/LDA (LDA including remission) rates for the 28-joint Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C-reactive protein level, and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were 13%/46% (11%/39%), 36%/55% (30%/46%), and 13%/56% (11%/47%), and 12-month rates were 11%/46% (7%/31%), 39%/56% (26%/38%), and 16%/62% (10%/41%), respectively. Clinical Disease Activity Index remission/LDA rates were similar to the SDAI rates. Six-month American College of Rheumatology 20%/50%/70% improvement criteria responses were 34%/19%/11% (29%/16%/9%); 12-month rates were 37%/21%/11% (24%/14%/7%). Secukinumab effectiveness was significantly better for b/tsDMARD-naive patients, similar across time since diagnosis (<2/2–4/>4 years), and varied significantly across the European registries. Conclusion: In this large real-world study on secukinumab treatment in PsA, 6- and 12-month effectiveness was comparable to that in previous observational studies of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Retention, remission, LDA, and response rates were significantly better for b/tsDMARD-naive patients, were independent of time since diagnosis, and varied significantly across the European countries.
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| 8. |
- Pineau, Adrien, et al.
(författare)
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Simulations of the collection of mesospheric dust particles with a rocket instrument
- 2024
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 17:12, s. 3843-3861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the collection of dust particles in the mesosphere with the MESS (MEteoric Smoke Sampler) instrument that is designed to fly on a sounding rocket. We assume that the ice particles that form in the polar mesosphere between 80 and 85 km altitude in summer contain meteoric smoke particles; and these should be collected with MESS. The instrument consists of a collection device with an opening and closure mechanism, as well as an attached conic funnel which increases the sampling area in comparison to the collection area. Dust particles are collected either directly after passing through the instrument or indirectly after colliding with and fragmenting on the funnel wall. We calculate the dust and fragment trajectories in the detector to determine the collection efficiency for different particle sizes, rocket velocities, and heights, and we find the final velocities and the temperatures of the particles. The considered design has a sampling area of 62.78 mm diameter and a collection area of 20 mm diameter. For the conditions at the rocket launch site in And & oslash;ya, Norway, we estimate the collection of meteoric smoke particles contained in the ice particles to be similar to 1012-1014 amumm-2. The estimated temperatures suggest that the composition of these smoke particles is not affected by the collection. Our calculations also show that keeping the instrument open above 85 km altitude increases the amount of small smoke particles that are directly collected. The directly collected smoke particles are heated as they decelerate, which can affect their composition.
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- Raza, Karim, et al.
(författare)
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Delays in assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: variations across Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 70:10, s. 1822-1825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The first 3 months after symptom onset represent an important therapeutic window for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study investigates the extent and causes of delay in assessment of patients with RA in eight European countries. Method Data on the following levels of delay were collected from 10 centres (Berlin, Birmingham, Heraklion, Lund, Prague, Stockholm, Umea, Vienna, Warsaw and Zurich): (1) from onset of RA symptoms to request to see healthcare professional (HCP); (2) from request to see HCP to assessment by that HCP; (3) from initial assessment by HCP to referral to rheumatologist; and (4) from referral to rheumatologist to assessment by that rheumatologist. Results Data were collected from 482 patients with RA. The median delay across the 10 centres from symptom onset to assessment by the rheumatologist was 24 weeks, with the percentage of patients seen within 12 weeks of symptom onset ranging from 8% to 42%. There were important differences in the levels underlying the total delays at individual centres. Conclusions This research highlights the contribution of patients, professionals and health systems to treatment delay for patients with RA in Europe. Although some centres have strengths in minimising certain types of delay, interventions are required in all centres to ensure timely treatment for patients.
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| 10. |
- Tjärnlund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Abatacept in the treatment of adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis : a randomised, phase IIb treatment delayed-start trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 77:1, s. 55-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study the effects of abatacept on disease activity and on muscle biopsy features of adult patients with dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM).Methods: Twenty patients with DM (n=9) or PM (n=11) with refractory disease were enrolled in a randomised treatment delayed-start trial to receive either immediate active treatment with intravenous abatacept or a 3 month delayed-start. The primary endpoint was number of responders, defined by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group definition of improvement (DOI), after 6 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints included number of responders in the early treatment arm compared with the delayed treatment arm at 3 months. Repeated muscle biopsies were investigated for cellular markers and cytokines.Results: 8/19 patients included in the analyses achieved the DOI at 6 months. At 3 months of study, five (50%) patients were responders after active treatment but only one (11%) patient in the delayed treatment arm. Eight adverse events (AEs) were regarded as related to the drug, four mild and four moderate, and three serious AEs, none related to the drug. There was a significant increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs), whereas other markers were unchanged in repeated muscle biopsies.Conclusions: In this pilot study, treatment of patients with DM and PM with abatacept resulted in lower disease activity in nearly half of the patients. In patients with repeat muscle biopsies, an increased frequency of Foxp3(+) Tregs suggests a positive effect of treatment in muscle tissue.
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| 11. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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