| 1. |
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Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Semantics - Student Papers, 23–27 May 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2019
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 13th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2019) was held at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden on the 23-27th May 2019. IWCS is the bi-yearly meeting of SIGSEM, the ACL special interest group on semantics; this year's edition was hosted by the Centre of Linguistic Theory and Studies in Probability (CLASP) at the Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science (FLoV). The aim of the IWCS conference is to bring together researchers interested in any aspects of the computation, annotation, extraction, and representation of meaning in natural language, whether this is from a lexical or structural semantic perspective. IWCS embraces both symbolic and machine learning approaches to computational semantics, and everything in between.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Axelsson Nord, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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What do you mean? Eliciting enthymemes in text-based dialogue
- 2021
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Ingår i: The 25th Workshop of the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, September 20–22, 2021, Potsdam / The Internet.. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report a proof of concept text-based chat study which inserts spoof questions in a real time conversation in order to elicit participants reasoning. The results show that different questions are more or less effective at elicit- ing explicit enthymematic reasons, which is a technique that could be employed to augment conversational artificial intelligence systems to improve their reasoning abilities.
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| 4. |
- Bernardy, Jean-Philippe, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Can the Transformer Learn Nested Recursion with Symbol Masking?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, August 1 - 6, 2021, Online / Chengqing Zong, Fei Xia, Wenjie Li, Roberto Navigli (Editors). - Stroudsburg, PA : The Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781954085541
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate if, given a simple symbol masking strategy, self-attention models are capable of learning nested structures and generalise over their depth. We do so in the simplest setting possible, namely languages consisting of nested parentheses of several kinds. We use encoder-only models, which we train to predict randomly masked symbols, in a BERT-like fashion. We find that the accuracy is well above random baseline, with accuracy consistently above 50% both when increasing nesting depth and distances between training and testing. However, we find that the predictions made correspond to a simple parenthesis counting strategy, rather than a push-down automaton. This suggests that self-attention models are not suitable for tasks which require generalisation to more complex instances of recursive structures than those found in the training set.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carrion del Fresno, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogue strategies for... cómo se dice entrenamiento de vocabulario?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Eleni Gregoromichelaki, Julian Hough & John D. Kelleher (eds.): Proceedings of the 26th Workshop On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carry out a small-scale empirical study of a dialogue strategy (conversational pattern) found in second language learner dialogues where a language-assisting teacher is present, allowing learners to pick up new words and train on them while maintaining a conversation. We also provide a formal model of the observed conversational pattern including several frequently occurring variants, as well as a demonstration implementation which is able to reproduce the most common variant of the pattern.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dobnik, Simon, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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In Search of Meaning and Its Representations for Computational Linguistics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 CLASP Conference on (Dis)embodiment, Gothenburg and online 15–16 September 2022 / Simon Dobnik, Julian Grove and Asad Sayeed (eds.). - : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 2002-9764. - 9781955917674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we examine different meaning representations that are commonly used in different natural language applications today and discuss their limits, both in terms of the aspects of the natural language meaning they are modelling and in terms of the aspects of the application for which they are used.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Efraim, Octavia, et al.
(författare)
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Boosting a Rule-Based Chatbot Using Statistics and User Satisfaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language: 6th Conference, AINL 2017, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 20--23, 2017. Revised Selected Papers / edited by Andrey Filchenkov, Lidia Pivovarova, Jan Žižka. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319717456
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from user-chatbot conversations where users have rated the answers as good or bad, we propose a more efficient alternative to a chatbot’s keyword-based answer retrieval heuristic. We test two neural network approaches to the near-duplicate question detection task as a first step towards a better answer retrieval method. A convolutional neural network architecture gives promising results on this difficult task.
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| 12. |
- Förster, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Working with troubles and failures in conversation between humans and robots: workshop report
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Robotics and AI. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the structure and findings from the first Workshop on Troubles and Failures in Conversations between Humans and Robots. The workshop was organized to bring together a small, interdisciplinary group of researchers working on miscommunication from two complementary perspectives. One group of technology-oriented researchers was made up of roboticists, Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) researchers and dialogue system experts. The second group involved experts from conversation analysis, cognitive science, and linguistics. Uniting both groups of researchers is the belief that communication failures between humans and machines need to be taken seriously and that a systematic analysis of such failures may open fruitful avenues in research beyond current practices to improve such systems, including both speech-centric and multimodal interfaces. This workshop represents a starting point for this endeavour. The aim of the workshop was threefold: Firstly, to establish an interdisciplinary network of researchers that share a common interest in investigating communicative failures with a particular view towards robotic speech interfaces; secondly, to gain a partial overview of the “failure landscape” as experienced by roboticists and HRI researchers; and thirdly, to determine the potential for creating a robotic benchmark scenario for testing future speech interfaces with respect to the identified failures. The present article summarizes both the “failure landscape” surveyed during the workshop as well as the outcomes of the attempt to define a benchmark scenario.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogue act classification is a laughing matter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, Potsdam & The Internet, 20–22 September 2021 / Ellen Breitholtz, Kallirroi Georgila and David Schlangen (eds.). - Potsdam : Semdial. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore the role of laughter in attributing communicative intents to utterances, i.e. detecting the dialogue act performed by them. We conduct a corpus study in adult phone conversations showing how different dialogue acts are characterised by specific laughter patterns, from both the speaker and from the partner. Furthermore, we show that laughs can positively impact the performance of Transformer-based models in a dialogue act recognition task. Our results highlight the importance of laughter for meaning construction and disambiguation in interaction.
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| 17. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogue management with linear logic: the role of metavariables in questions and clarifications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Traitement Automatique des Langues. - 1248-9433. ; 61:3, s. 43-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study the formalisation of a dialogue management system using proof-search on top of a linear logic. We argue that linear logic is the natural formalism to implement information-state dialogue management. We give particular attention to modelling question-answering sequences, including clarification requests, and argue that metavariables, arising from unification in the proof search, play a decisive role in providing a natural formalisation. We show that our framework is not only well suited from a theoretical perspective, but it is also suitable for implementation which we exemplify with a small scale implementation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating laughter into spoken dialogue systems: preliminary analysis and suggested programme
- 2018
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Ingår i: FAIM/ISCA Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Multimodal Human Robot Interaction, 14-15 July 2018, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an exploratory scheme, which aims at investigating perceptual features that characterise laughables (the arguments laughter is related to) in dialogue context. We present the results of a preliminary study and sketch an updated questionnaire on laughables types and laughter functions aimed to be used for Amazon Mechanical Turk experiments. Furthermore we present preliminary programme for integrating laughter into spoken dialogue systems.
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| 20. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Laughter relevance spaces
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 3rd Dynamic Syntax Conference, 16-17th May 2019, Valletta, Malta.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Non-humorous use of laughter in spoken dialogue systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th Linguistic and Cognitive Approaches To Dialog Agents Workshop, LaCATODA 2021, Montreal, Canada, August 21, 2021 (online) / Rafal Rzepka, Jordi Vallverdú, Andre Wlodarczyk, Michal Ptaszynski and Pawel Dybala (Eds.). - : CEUR-WS. - 1613-0073.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that laughter, an ambiguous yet ubiquitous signal in everyday interactions, can act as an important feature for task-oriented dialogue systems. We show which components of a dialogue system should be affected and modified, and more specifically how particular types of laughter can be accounted for in a dialogue manager as instances of short answers, feedbacks and vocalisations accompanying them.
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| 23. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting laughter relevance spaces in dialogue
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marchi E., Siniscalchi S.M., Cumani S., Salerno V.M., Li H. (eds) Increasing Naturalness and Flexibility in Spoken Dialogue Interaction. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 714.. - Singapore : Springer. - 1876-1100. - 9789811593222 ; , s. 41-51
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Taboo: Interaction and Creativity in Humour
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we treat humorous situations as a series of events underpinned by topoi, principles of reasoning recognised within a socio-cultural community. We claim that humorous effect in jokes and other discourse is often created by the juxtaposition of topoi evoked. A prerequisite for this is that there is a shift where the interpreter of the discourse updates their information state with regard to a second topos being evoked. This view of humour is consistent with an incremental analysis of dialogue, and we therefore argue that interaction is central both for humour creation and interpretation. We point out some different ways in which topoi are juxtaposed in humorous dialogues as well as in jokes published in social media or in joke books, and take jokes from the coronavirus pandemic as an example because this makes lots of new topoi available and therefore offers the opportunity of creating novel jokes based on the juxtaposition of the new and existing topoi. We explore how the mechanisms of inference in dialogue can be applied to humour through the four elements from our title: old (existing), new (not previously existing), borrowed (associated with a different situation) and taboo (inappropriate in the context).
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| 25. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an annotation scheme for causes of laughter in dialogue
- 2018
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Ingår i: Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems (IWSDS), Singapore, May 14-16, 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a first attempt to develop an annotation scheme for laughter in dialogue operationalising the previously reported idea of laughter being caused by incongruity, and based on violations of Grice's maxims. This exploratory scheme is intended to form the basis of a spoken dialogue system that can laugh during dialogue in a human like manner and can understand why users laugh. We present the scheme and discuss preliminary results.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Towards KoS/TTR-based proof-theoretic dialogue management
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SemDial 2018 (AixDial): The 22nd Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, Aix-en-Provence, 8-10 November 2018 / Laurent Prévot, Magalie Ochs and Benoît Favre (eds.). - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986
(författare)
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Who is laughing now? Laughter-infused dialogue systems
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis paves the way for including laughter in spoken dialogue systems in a domain-general and linguistically valid way using computational linguistics tools and methods. The thesis is concerned with three main areas. The first area concerns the placement of laughter in relation to speech and other behaviours. We show that convolutional and recurrent neural networks can effectively predict laughs from dialogue transcripts, whereas human perforance in this task is significantly worse. Such models allow dialogue systems to predict user laughter and, if needed, put system laughter in an appropriate place. Further, we look at laughter placement in relation to gaze and show that laughter performing different pragmatic functions is related to different gaze patterns. These findings provide important implications for embodied conversational agents and social robots in regard to multimodal behaviour realisation and coordination. The second area is concerned with the interaction between laughter and the communicative intent of a user and system, as well as with the context in which the given intent occurs. We lay the groundwork for the central component of a spoken dialogue system by implementing a dialogue manager in a theoretically informed way using a proof-theoretic model based on linear logic. Our dialogue manager is then extended to support laughter functioning as feedback or as a signal accompanying system feedback, and an answer to polar questions. Additionally, we look at how laughter can modify or shape a dialogue act, and how the inclusion of laughter can improve Transformer-based deep learning models in the task of dialogue act recognition. The third area is humour. Even though humour is not necessary for laughter, they are closely related. We look at how humour is related to reasoning about social conventions and other learned and accommodated implicit assumptions. We show how these can be modelled informally, suggesting one way in which the goal of situational and conversational creativity can be realised in artificial agents.
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| 29. |
- Maraev, Vladislav, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Why Should I Turn Left? : Towards Active Explainability for Spoken Dialogue Systems.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Reasoning and Interaction Conference (ReInAct 2021). - : Association for Computational Linguistics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we argue that to make dialogue systems able to actively explain their decisions they can make use of enthymematic reasoning. We motivate why this is an appropriate strategy and integrate it within our own proof-theoretic dialogue manager framework based on linear logic. In particular, this enables a dialogue system to provide reasonable answers to why-questions that query information previously given by the system.
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| 30. |
- Mazzocconi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of laughables: a preliminary perception study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Workshop on Dialogue and Perception, Gothenburg, 14–15 June, 2018 / Christine Howes, Simon Dobnik and Ellen Breitholtz (eds.).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an exploratory scheme, which aims at investigating perceptual features that characterise laughables (the arguments laughter is related to) in dialogue context. We present the results of a preliminary study and sketch an updated questionnaire on laughables types and laughter functions aimed to be used for Amazon Mechanical Turk experiments.
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| 31. |
- Mazzocconi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Clarifying Laughter
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Laughter Workshop 2018, Jonathan Ginzburg, Catherine Pelachaud (eds.). Sorbonne Université, September 2018..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current paper we investigate whether laughter can be object of clarification requests and what these clarification requests might be about. We use the range of possible clarification requests as diagnostics for the constitutive elements of the meaning conveyed, thereby testing existing hypotheses concerning the semantics of laughter.
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| 32. |
- Mazzocconi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Laughables and laughter perception: Preliminary investigations
- 2020
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Ingår i: CLASP Papers in Computational Linguistics, Vol. 2. Dialogue and Perception - Extended papers from DaP2018 / edited by Christine Howes, Simon Dobnik and Ellen Breitholtz. - Gothenburg : Centre for Linguistic Theory and Studies in Probability (CLASP). - 2002-9764.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Mazzocconi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Laughter Repair
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SemDial 2018 (AixDial): The 22nd Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue. Laurent Prévot, Magalie Ochs and Benoît Favre (eds.), 8-10 November 2018, Aix-en-Provence, France. - Aix-en-Provence : Aix Marseille Université. - 2308-2275.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Mazzocconi, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Looking for Laughs: Gaze Interaction with Laughter Pragmatics and Coordination
- 2021
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Ingår i: ICMI 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, Montréal, Canada, October 18 - 22, 2021 / editors: Zakia Hammal, Carlos Busso. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laughter and gaze have an important role in managing and coordi-nating social interactions. In the current work, using a multimodal corpus of dyadic taste-testing interactions, we explore whether laughs performing different pragmatic functions are accompanied by different gaze patterns towards the interlocutor, both from the point of view of the laughing participant and from her partner. We also investigate the role of gaze in laughter coordination between interactants. Our results show that laughs performing different pragmatic functions are related to different gaze patterns, both for the laugher and her partner, and that gaze is an important cue exploited by interactants when reciprocating laughter or laughing simultaneously. We discuss our data in relation to the literature about laughter and gaze functions in interaction, linking them to dialogic context. Our results stress the importance of laughter and gaze for modeling of multimodal meaning construction and coordination in interaction, and are therefore relevant for researchers designing human-like embodied conversational agents.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Mills, G., et al.
(författare)
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Influencing laughter with AI-mediated communication
- 2022
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Ingår i: Interaction Studies. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1572-0373 .- 1572-0381. ; 22:3, s. 416-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous experimental findings support the hypothesis that laughter and positive emotions are contagious in face-to-face and mediated communication. To test this hypothesis, we describe four experiments in which participants communicate via a chat tool that artificially adds or removes laughter (e.g. haha or lol), without participants being aware of the manipulation. We found no evidence to support the contagion hypothesis. However, artificially exposing participants to more lols decreased participants' use of hahas but led to more involvement and improved task-performance. Similarly, artificially exposing participants to more hahas decreased use of haha but increased lexical alignment. We conclude that, even though the interventions have effects on coordination, they are incompatible with contagion as a primary explanatory mechanism. Instead, these results point to an interpretation that involves a more sophisticated view of dialogue mechanisms along the lines of Conversational Analysis and similar frameworks and we suggest directions for future research.
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| 38. |
- Noble, Bill, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale text pre-training helps with dialogue act recognition, but not without fine-tuning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Semantics, June 17-18, 2021, Groningen, The Netherlands (Online). - Stroudsburg, PA : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781954085190
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use dialogue act recognition (DAR) to investigate how well BERT represents utterances in dialogue, and how fine-tuning and large-scale pre-training contribute to its performance. We find that while both the standard BERT pre-training and pretraining on dialogue-like data are useful, task-specific fine-tuning is essential for good performance
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Noble, Bill, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic pragmatics: A dialogical perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Probabilistic Approaches to Linguistic Theory / edited by Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Rasmus Blanck, Stergios Chatzikyriakidis, Shalom Lappin, and Aleksandre Maskharashvili. - Stanford, CA : CSLI Publications. - 9781684000791 ; , s. 227-258
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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