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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Telloni, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe-Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 935:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solar wind measured in situ by Parker Solar Probe in the very inner heliosphere is studied in combination with the remote-sensing observation of the coronal source region provided by the METIS coronagraph aboard Solar Orbiter. The coronal outflows observed near the ecliptic by Metis on 2021 January 17 at 16:30 UT, between 3.5 and 6.3 R (circle dot) above the eastern solar limb, can be associated with the streams sampled by PSP at 0.11 and 0.26 au from the Sun, in two time intervals almost 5 days apart. The two plasma flows come from two distinct source regions, characterized by different magnetic field polarity and intensity at the coronal base. It follows that both the global and local properties of the two streams are different. Specifically, the solar wind emanating from the stronger magnetic field region has a lower bulk flux density, as expected, and is in a state of well-developed Alfvenic turbulence, with low intermittency. This is interpreted in terms of slab turbulence in the context of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Conversely, the highly intermittent and poorly developed turbulent behavior of the solar wind from the weaker magnetic field region is presumably due to large magnetic deflections most likely attributed to the presence of switchbacks of interchange reconnection origin.
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| 4. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 5. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(författare)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 6. |
- Izquierdo-Zaragoza, J. -L, et al.
(författare)
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On the dimensioning of survivable optical metro/core networks with dual-homed access
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing, HPSR. - : IEEE Computer Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs) are able to effectively support the growing demand of traffic originating from residential and business customers. Failures of metro/core (M/C) nodes serving the traffic to/from the access networks covered by LR-PONs, may potentially affect hundreds or thousands of customers. One way of guaranteeing 100% survivability from single-node failures is to apply dual-homing, where each LR-PON is connected to two M/C nodes, and combine it with node-disjoint dedicated-path protection (DPP). In this paper, we present a new approach to provide network survivability against single M/C node failures. Instead of applying dedicated path protection (DPP) strategy, which can require huge amount of extra resources, we combine an unprotected network design with a dynamic multilayer restoration algorithm. Our aim is to determine a suitable amount of resource overbuild (in terms of extra transponders) needed to provide average connection availability close to that guaranteed by DPP. Preliminary results show that dimensioning for the worst-case scenario among a set of predefined M/C node failures, i.e., the one disrupting the highest number of connections, yields to a cost-effective strategy requiring up to 35% less transponders than DPP, while offering the same average connection availability.
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| 7. |
- Nagueh, Sherif F., et al.
(författare)
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Interobserver Variability in Applying American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2016 Guidelines for Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging. - 1941-9651 .- 1942-0080. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is among the important components of a comprehensive echocardiographic report. Previous studies noted wide limits of agreement using 2009 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography guidelines, but reproducibility of 2016 guidelines update in estimating LV filling pressure is unknown.METHODS:Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were obtained from 50 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for clinical indications. Clinical and echocardiographic findings but not invasive hemodynamics were provided to 4 groups of observers, including experienced echocardiographers and cardiology fellows. Invasively acquired LV filling pressure was the gold standard.RESULTS:In group I of 8 experienced echocardiographers from the guidelines writing committee, sensitivity for elevated LV filling pressure was 92% for all observers, and specificity was 93 +/- 6%. Fleiss kappa-value for the agreement in group I was 0.80. In group II of 4 fellows in training, sensitivity was 91 +/- 2%, and specificity was 95 +/- 2%. Fleiss kappa-value for the agreement in group II was 0.94. In group III of 9 experienced echocardiographers who had not participated in drafting the guidelines, sensitivity was 88 +/- 5%, and specificity was 91 +/- 7%. Fleiss kappa-value for the agreement in group III was 0.76. In group IV of 7 other fellows, sensitivity was 91 +/- 3%, and specificity was 92 +/- 5%. Fleiss kappa-value for the agreement in group IV was 0.89.CONCLUSIONS:There is a good level of agreement and accuracy in the estimation of LV filling pressure using the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging 2016 recommendations update, irrespective of the experience level of the observer.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Reverté, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species : A contribution to pollinator conservation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - 1752-458X. ; 16:6, s. 758-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.
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| 13. |
- Sinibaldi, Giorgia, et al.
(författare)
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Aeroacoustics and aerodynamics of impinging supersonic jets : Analysis of the screech tones
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between acoustics and aerodynamics of a supersonic jet is an actual fundamental topic which has been a matter of discussion in the last decades. The present paper is devoted to the experimental analysis of free and impinging jets with particular attention on the effect of an impinging surface on screech tones. The acoustics is studied using free-field microphones, while Particle Image Velocimetry is used to investigate the velocity field. The analysis of acquired data allowed to verify and explain the coupling between acoustic discrete tones and mean and fluctuating flow velocities.
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| 14. |
- Sinibaldi, Giorgia, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the Characteristic Acoustic Tones of an Impinging Jet
- 2013
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Ingår i: 19th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. - Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - 9781624102134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acoustic emission of a supersonic jet is an interesting and fundamental issue due to the several technological applications and the diverse physical aspects to be still clarified. An experimental analysis of the characteristic acoustic tones of a supersonic impinging jet has been carried out with a particular attention on the effect of the nozzle pressure ratio and the distance of the impinging surface. The screech tones, typical of an imperfectly expanded supersonic free jet, have been first investigated to have an idea of the deflection from the free jet behavior due to the impinging surface. Then the analysis has been focused on smaller distances of the impinging plate from the jet exit to evaluate the behavior of the impinging tones. The difference between screech and impinging tones, due to the different interactions in the generating feedback mechanism, has been observed.
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| 15. |
- Smiseth, Otto A, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of the left atrium : pathophysiology insights and clinical utility.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 23:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left atrial imaging and detailed knowledge of its pathophysiology, especially in the context of heart failure, have become an increasingly important clinical and research focus. This development has been accelerated by the growth of non-invasive imaging modalities, advanced image processing techniques, such as strain imaging, and the parallel emergence of catheter-based left atrial interventions like pulmonary vein ablation, left atrial appendage occlusion, and others. In this review, we focus on novel imaging methods for the left atrium, their pathophysiological background, and their clinical relevance for various cardiac conditions and diseases.
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| 16. |
- Telloni, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of a Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 936:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switchbacks are sudden, large radial deflections of the solar wind magnetic field, widely revealed in interplanetary space by the Parker Solar Probe. The switchbacks' formation mechanism and sources are still unresolved, although candidate mechanisms include Alfvenic turbulence, shear-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, interchange reconnection, and geometrical effects related to the Parker spiral. This Letter presents observations from the Metis coronagraph on board a Solar Orbiter of a single large propagating S-shaped vortex, interpreted as the first evidence of a switchback in the solar corona. It originated above an active region with the related loop system bounded by open-field regions to the east and west. Observations, modeling, and theory provide strong arguments in favor of the interchange reconnection origin of switchbacks. Metis measurements suggest that the initiation of the switchback may also be an indicator of the origin of slow solar wind.
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| 17. |
- Östberg, Per-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Reliable Capacity Provisioning for Distributed Cloud/Edge/Fog Computing Applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS (EUCNC). - : IEEE. - 9781538638736
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REliable CApacity Provisioning and enhanced remediation for distributed cloud applications (RECAP) project aims to advance cloud and edge computing technology, to develop mechanisms for reliable capacity provisioning, and to make application placement, infrastructure management, and capacity provisioning autonomous, predictable and optimized. This paper presents the RECAP vision for an integrated edge-cloud architecture, discusses the scientific foundation of the project, and outlines plans for toolsets for continuous data collection, application performance modeling, application and component auto-scaling and remediation, and deployment optimization. The paper also presents four use cases from complementing fields that will be used to showcase the advancements of RECAP.
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