| 1. |
- Adamiak, Czesław, et al.
(författare)
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Airbnb and urban population change : an empirical analysis of the case of Stockholm, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Research and Practice. - : Routledge. - 1753-5069 .- 1753-5077.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet platforms enabling the short-term rental of private homes are an increasingly important provider of tourist accommodation and a challenge for urban policy. Airbnb is frequently blamed for encouraging property owners to remove their homes from the permanent housing market, thus contributing to the gentrification and displacement of local residents. Empirical research on this topic has been mostly represented by qualitative or indirect quantitative studies, which focus on changes in housing availability rather than the actual population. In our study, we fill this gap by presenting a study of the city of Stockholm, using two sources of georeferenced data: information on properties offered for rent on the Airbnb platform and micro-data on individuals and properties derived from the national statistical office. We verify whether the high number of apartment rental offers on the Airbnb website contributes to the high number of apartments that became uninhabited during 2012–2016. Using both aspatial and spatial autoregressive models, we find that the platform expansion does have a significant effect on the number of emptied apartments, and thus conclude that the presence of Airbnb contributes to the process of touristification, understood as the replacement of permanent residents with non-permanent populations. This confirms that when analysing urban population change and the gentrification process, mobile populations should be considered. Context-aware multiscalar and relational approaches are needed to understand the interrelation between human mobility, housing markets and regulations, and transnational internet platforms.
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| 2. |
- Back, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Den mångsidiga fritidshusturismen
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ikaros. - : Folkets bildningsförbund. - 1796-1998. ; 15:1, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Back, Andreas, 1980-
(författare)
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Footprints of an invisible population : second-home tourism and its heterogeneous impacts on municipal planning and housing markets in Sweden
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While public administrative systems are based on a principle of permanent residence, many people use multiple dwellings, such as second homes, in their everyday life. This mismatch makes second-home tourists an invisible population in the eyes of these systems, when, for example, distributing tax revenues or planning public services. The present thesis investigates the effects of this mismatch and its spatially diverse outcomes. It does so by studying how Swedish municipalities perceive and manage the impacts of second-home tourism, and how this tourism affects the housing market. The thesis is based on microdata of the Swedish second-home stock, longitudinal housing market statistics for 1999-2017, and interviews with civil servants from 20 Swedish municipalities.The empirical findings show that the impacts of second-home tourism vary spatially, but also over time. While all municipalities interviewed in the thesis experienced second-home tourism, there were noticeable spatial variations in the effects on, for example, planning, public services and housing provision. The patterns to this variation were particularly pronounced between periurban areas, sparsely populated areas and tourism hotspots. Periurban municipalities were most affected with second homes being converted into primary residences and the associated costs of that change. In sparsely populated areas, municipalities faced the opposite situation combined with an ever-shrinking population of permanent residents. Tourism hotspots had to manage the combined challenges of a seasonally varying second-home population exceeding the registered permanent population. The examined housing market statistics show a similar pattern, with considerable spatial differences in the market relations between primary residences and second homes. It also reveals growing regional disparities, with second homes driving or trailing overall price development depending on geographical context.To summarise, the thesis demonstrates how impacts of second-home tourism on municipal planning and housing markets differ and provides an analysis for the patterns of this variation. Based on this, it provides a number of proposals for policy change. The thesis also contributes to theory development on the spatially heterogeneous effects of mobile lifestyles, by conceptualising second-home tourism as an umbrella concept. As such, second-home tourism encompasses many different forms of dwellings, practices and impacts grounded in geographical and historical contexts. This emphasises the need for research, planning, governance and policy-making to recognise human mobility and the diverse spatiality of its effects.
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| 4. |
- Back, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping an invisible population : the uneven geography of second-home tourism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - London : Routledge. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 19:4, s. 596-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second-home tourism is a very popular form of tourism in many countries, particularly in the Nordic countries. More than half of the Swedish population have access to second homes. Previous studies have revealed that there is great variation between different second homes. Examples range from rustic Australian shacks, lonely cabins in the Norwegian mountains, spacious Swedish archipelago villas and palatial Russian dachas. Still, second homes are often seen and analysed as a unitary category – a perspective that obscures the considerable heterogeneity within the category as well as spatial differences in the impact of second-home tourism. Using a second-home typology from previous research and data on about 660,000 second homes, we analyse the heterogeneity of second homes by mapping the composition of the Swedish second-home stock. Results show the uneven geography of second-home tourism, revealing significant and sometimes steep differences between peripheral areas and urban hinterlands, tourism hot-spots, and areas in decline. Based on these results, we assert that there is good cause to move away from using second homes as a unitary category. Instead, we argue for viewing second homes as an umbrella concept with dwelling use in focus. This enables a greater sensibility to place and more accurate analyses of the uneven impacts of second-home tourism. The results also give greater insights into the impact of the ‘invisible population’ of second-home owners from a public planning perspective.
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| 5. |
- Back, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The invisible hand of an invisible population : Dynamics and heterogeneity of second-home housing markets
- 2022
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Ingår i: The international journal of tourism research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1099-2340 .- 1522-1970. ; 24:4, s. 536-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of second-home tourism on property markets has been one of the key debates in second-home research. This has been discussed in association with property speculation, financial vulnerability, gentrification, displacement, and rural development. This paper studies the market prices for all detached homes traded on the open market in Sweden during 1999–2017. It investigates how the market values of second homes have developed over time and how they vary spatially. Results show clear and growing spatial inequalities over the period. It emphasises the dynamic interplay between different forms of dwelling use and the close relationship to spatial context.
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| 6. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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New mobilities - new economies? : temporary populations and local innovation capacity in sparsely populated areas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Settlements at the edge. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784711955 - 9781784711962 ; , s. 178-206
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporary population mobilities – including short-term labour, residential and recreational mobilities – have long been a prominent feature of human geography in sparsely populated areas. Such mobilities are often considered from a problem-centric perspective, with both academic and public discourses focusing extensively on the negative impacts that temporary populations have on local communities. Yet, temporary mobilities may also have a range of positive impacts, as they bring new people, ideas, skills, knowledge and network connections to remote communities, and thus potentially contribute to processes of local innovation. This chapter examines how different types of temporary populations contribute to local innovation capacity and new socio-economic development in remote communities. We propose a framework for analysing how different mobile populations with their particular temporal, spatial, motivational and interactional mobility characteristics impact on various forms of community capital, and subsequent innovation outcomes through the mobilisation of such capital. We then apply the framework to review five common examples of temporary mobilities in northern Scandinavia and Outback Australia, ranging from voluntary international lifestyle migrants to displaced refugee migrants, from seasonal second home-owners to short-term transit tourists, and from service to leisure-oriented Indigenous travellers. The review suggests that temporary populations offer substantial potential to boost innovation and new socio-economic development in remote communities, but that communities and institutional structures often fail to recognise and capitalise on such potential.
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| 7. |
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Dödens geografi
- 2024
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Döden beskrivs ofta i rumsliga termer och har egenskapen att den intensifieras på vissa platser, men påverkar och får konsekvenser på andra platser. Således kopplar döden samman en rad platser som på ett eller annat sätt är viktiga för den avlidne, de efterlevande och ibland även för samhället i stort. Döden är inte en marginell företeelse utan snarare ett universellt samhällsfenomen och en ständigt pågående process, men som ofta sker i det fördolda. Denna Ymer uppmärksammar döden som samhällsfenomen utifrån ett rumsligt perspektiv och av forskare från en rad olika discipliner. Bokens syfte är att visa på vilken bredd och relevans som forskning om döden har, men även vilka teoretiska bidrag denna tematik kan ge upphov till.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundmark, Linda, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Second home ownership : a blessing for all?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 13:4, s. 281-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second home ownership is often regarded as being positive for the owners. Previous research shows that owning a second home means a great deal for the general satisfaction and quality of life of the owners. Historically, the political goal of expanding second home ownership among the Swedish population was to improve health and well-being and provide access to outdoor recreation and rural landscapes for the growing urban population, which is assumed to correlate with high satisfaction and quality of life among individuals. However, owning a second home does not always relate to positive experiences for owners, an issue not highlighted in previous second home research. Therefore, the purpose of the research presented here is to add to existing theories on second home ownership with special reference to the ambiguous relationships that exist between owners and their second homes. This is done by exploring and describing the group of second home owners who express negative experiences. The data used are retrieved from a nationwide questionnaire survey, targeting a representative sample of second home owners in Sweden during 2009. Results show that some 72,000 second home owners in Sweden can be defined as less satisfied and that age, health and income are important for ownership satisfaction.
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| 11. |
- Lundmark, Linda, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Turismen i Sverige : branscher och aktörer
- 2011. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I Sverige har turismnäringen vuxit kraftigt under de senaste årtiondena, och är idag en av de sektorer av ekonomin som har störst tillväxtpotential i framtiden. Detta betyder att allt fler människor arbetar med turism och allt fler aktörer (företag och organisationer) på något sätt har en relation till denna dynamiska näring. Som en konsekvens av detta blir turismnäringen allt mer komplex och mångfacetterad. Boken Turismen i Sverige–En branschöversikt ger på ett lättbegripligt sätt läsaren en snabb inblick i turismnäringens utveckling, utbredning och omfattning i Sverige. Boken beskriver näringens olika delkomponenter utifrån ett deskriptivt och geografiskt perspektiv, vilket ger läsaren kunskaper som är nyttiga i samband med exempelvis omvärldsanalyser.
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| 12. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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An inquiry into second-home-induced displacement
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-053X .- 1479-0548. ; 6:3, s. 207-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to shed empirical light on the debate concerning second-home tourism and displacement of permanent residents. This is done by studying the most exclusive second-home area in Sweden, the Stockholm archipelago, and especially the island of Sandö, one of the most affected islands. Data were collected using a questionnaire examining all out-migrants from the island during the period 1991–2006. The questions concern out-migrants’ reasons for leaving the island and the extent to which second-home development had an impact on their migration decision. The core question is whether second-home tourism poses a displacement effect on the permanent population, through price inflation and limiting the supply of dwellings.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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Dödens geografi : en introduktion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dödens geografi. - Stockholm : Svenska sällskapet för antropologi och geografi. - 9789198928006 ; , s. 7-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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[Recension] Turismhistoria i Norden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Svenska Historiska Föreningen. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 140:2, s. 358-360
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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Route to destruction? : second home tourism in small island communities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Island Studies Journal. - Charlottetown : Institute of Island Studies, University of Prince Edward Island. - 1715-2593. ; 2:1, s. 27-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely argued that second home demand causes the displacement of permanentresidents. This study examines the displacement theory by looking at three case islands inthe Stockholm archipelago, scrutinizing the development of population figures and secondhomes. Results show that the individuals migrating from these islands are improving theirsituation compared to prior to their migration; there are also signs that the decision tomigrate is associated with major events in life such as studies, job opportunities and familyformation. Hence, this study questions the simplified suggestion that there is a widespreaddisplacement of people due to outside demand for second homes.
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| 20. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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Second home tourism : The root to displacement in Sweden?
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During certain seasons, rural and peripheral locations with significant numbers of second homes become the destination for major traffic and commodity flows. The outcome of this seasonal flow can be somewhat problematic and cause conflicts. One of the most controversial issues of conflict is whether the demand for second homes has a displacement effect on permanent residents. It has been argued that, especially in attractive destinations, the demand for second homes has caused an involuntary out-migration of permanent residents. More affluent second home buyers can outbid the competition from permanent residents. Hence, permanent residents must buy dwellings elsewhere, or must leave due to rising living costs through increased property taxes in the area. This thesis aims to study the issue of second home induced displacement in attractive second home locations in Sweden. This is justified because it is unknown to what extent second homes have contributed to the problems in these areas. The thesis consists of four empirical studies presented in four separate papers. The studies derive from two different data sources. The first three papers are based on official register data, whereas the fourth paper is based on data collected from a questionnaire survey. The first paper is aimed at finding possible locations of second home induced displacement in Sweden. Results show that areas with a positive population development, proximity to the sea and with long traditions of tourism seem to attract second home owners. The Stockholm archipelago has been deemed to be the most attractive second home region in Sweden and a place that may possibly harbour second home induced displacement. The second paper tests the displacement theory in a regional context in the Stockholm archipelago. Results show that the number of second homes has decreased in favour of permanent homes. Further, the permanent homes’ share of the total property values in the area is increasing. Hence, permanent homes have strengthened their position, implying that dwellings used for permanent purposes have a higher impact on price inflation for dwellings than second homes do. The Stockholm archipelago is in a state of repopulation rather than second home induced displacement. Paper three examines in- and out-migration and dwelling development in three case study islands in the Stockholm archipelago. Results show that these islands have the preconditions for displacement. However, results also show that individuals leave the islands for reasons associated with major events in life such as studies and job opportunities, not displacement. The final paper deals with second home related out-migration from the island of Sandö, one of the single most attractive destinations in Sweden. Results show that the out-migrants left the island on a voluntary basis and did not perceive themselves as being displaced. They state that their life improved after they left Sandö and they are, in general, not willing to return. The paper concludes that people move from the rural periphery to urban areas in order to find a better future and this move is not associated with a forced displacement. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that second home tourism is not a widespread problem or the main cause of depopulation in attractive second home destinations in Sweden. As for many other countries throughout the world, the preconditions for a displacement situation are present in many locations. However, other causes such as job opportunities and educational possibilities are more important in explaining the negative population development. Second home owners are described as an external threat to the traditional way of life and serve as convenient scapegoats, compared to less tangible and underlying causes, which are far more difficult to address.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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Selecting a place of rest after a life on the move : determinants of post-mortal mobility in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Mobilities. - : Routledge. - 2380-0127 .- 2380-0135. ; 2:2, s. 166-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobility among humans is a central feature in today’s society. From the day we are born until the day we die, humans are engaged in different types of mobilities. However, most studies on human mobility focus on actions performed by individuals when they are alive, which is not at all strange. However, as proven in previous studies, people do not cease to be mobile just because they happen to die. On the contrary, death is often a trigger for mobility. The mobility of the dead, or post-mortal mobility, is a growing phenomenon in many Western countries and represents the continuation of human mobility to a place of great significance for the individual or the survivors. This study addresses the determinants of post-mortal mobility, by scrutinizing data from a nationwide questionnaire survey in Sweden. Linking theoretical developments in the field of attachment to place and issues of mortality and deathscapes, this study tries to expand the knowledge concerning individuals’ desires regarding their final act of mobility.
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| 23. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The Arctification of northern tourism : a longitudinal geographical analysis of firm names in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 45:2, s. 119-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European North has long attracted travelers, the selling point often being the availability of nature and wilderness. Recent developments, however, suggest a greater variety of tourism motivations, including new products such as dogsled tours, aurora borealis watching, snowmobiling, and stays at ice hotels. Many of these firms use names containing the term ‘Arctic' or similar terminology related to imaginations of the Far North. The chosen terminology is considered one example of the process of ‘Arctification'. However, there is a limitation in descriptive knowledge about the overall Arctification of the region’s tourism industry. Hence, this article aims to illustrate the Arctification of the tourism industry by mapping the changing geographies of firm names. Through its results, the study aims to contribute an understanding of how firm naming is part of the tourism production, and how this influences the reimaging and delineation of regions. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, extracting data from the Retriever Business database. The results show a clear development of tourism firms increasingly using Arctic terminology in their firm names. Also, the tourism firms’ locations show patterns of spatial differences related to the region’s natural environment, population density, infrastructure, and the firms’ age.
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| 24. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The development of second homes’ assessed property values in Sweden 1991-2001
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis in coop. with the Norwegian School of Hotel Management in Stavanger. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 7:3, s. 202-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The second home phenomenon is deeply rooted within the Swedish society. To own a second home or have frequent access to a second home is important and desirable for the Swedish population. The comparably high level of second home ownership in the country manifests this. Second homes are scattered all over the country, with main concentrations in or near densely populated areas. Some, not unimportant, concentrations can be registered in places with relatively low population density and at a considerable long distance from major population centres. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in second homes among the Swedish population, but also increasingly from incoming visitors. This has resulted in a growing competition for properties, especially those located in attractive areas with high amenity values. The purpose of this paper is to identify attractive second home landscapes and their characteristics in Sweden. Utilizing data from the comprehensive geo-referenced database ASTRID (generated by Statistics Sweden) covering all second homes in Sweden 1991-2001, attractive second home landscapes are examined and defined.
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| 25. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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The displacement myth : second home tourism in the Stockholm archipelago
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 9:3, s. 296-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second homes are important for many households in Sweden. However, second homes are not uncontroversial and sometimes cause conflicts between the second home owners and locals. In attractive destinations, second homes are frequently blamed for creating price inflation, increased property values and higher property tax for all dwellings, including permanent homes. It is argued that this development is causing a displacement of permanent residents from these areas. However, others argue that the current depopulation trend in attractive second home destinations is caused by a restructuring of the rural labour market. This study departs from this societal and scientific conflict and has its aim in testing the displacement theory. This is done through an empirical case study dealing with essential issues regarding the development of second homes, permanent homes and changes in property values. The case area is the most popular second home destination in Sweden: the archipelago of Stockholm. Results show that increased assessed property values are caused primarily by increasing numbers of permanent homes, and the area is being repopulated rather than depopulated. The study concludes that no evidence of displacement caused by second home demand can be traced on a regional geographical level.
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| 26. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-
(författare)
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The final trip : post-mortal mobility in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Mortality. - London : Routledge. - 1357-6275 .- 1469-9885. ; 17:3, s. 256-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contemporary migration and mobility research, the main focus is on humans when theyare alive, which of course is no surprise. This study, however, focuses on the mobility of the deceased, orpost-mortal mobility, arguing that this type of mobility has relevance in offering deeper knowledge about individuals' attachment to different places. Further, it is argued that this type of mobility may also have an impact on the mobility of survivors, linking individuals through history, a perspective not addressed in previous research. This study maps and measures the magnitude of post-mortal mobility in Sweden and explains some of the driving forces behind the geographical patterns observed. The data used in this study has been retrieved from the register on all burials conducted in Sweden according to the protocol of the Church of Sweden during 2010 together with micro-data on migration patterns and second-homeownership.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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From second home to primary residence : migration towards recreational properties in Sweden 1991–2005
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 103:1, s. 53-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second homes are at the nexus of tourism and migration. Previous research has demonstrated thatsecond homes are important domiciles after retirement. Nevertheless, few studies have addressedthis issue specifically. Many households claim that they would use their second homes more often,and some even state that they would convert these homes into their new permanent homes. Whilethis is a known phenomenon, its geographical outcome is rather unknown. Hence, the purpose ofthis paper is to investigate the conversion of second homes into primary residences. This is donewith respect to timing and geographical patterns. A geo-referenced longitudinal populationdatabase allows for identifying converted properties and linking them to information of theirowners’ households. This facilitates a discussion regarding the impact of conversions on planningand service provision in host communities, too. The analysis refers to the time period from 1991to 2005.
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| 31. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Urban sprawl på svenska
- 2004
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Ingår i: Plan : tidskrift för planering av landsbygd och tätorter. - Stockholm : Föreningen för samhällsplanering. - 0032-0560. ; :2-3, s. 19-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 32. |
- Nordin, Urban, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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The local non-locals : second home owners associational engagement in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tourism. - 1332-7461 .- 1849-1545. ; 60:3, s. 293-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of second home tourism in local destinations has been on the research agenda for some time now and can be considered as one of the eternal question in second home tourism research. In available literature it is often argued that second home owners do not contribute in any significant way to a positive local development at the destinations. On the other hand, there are studies arguing that second home owners do contribute to local development and offer one of few opportunities for many rural and peripheral areas. This study aims at contributing to this debate by exploring in what way second home owners engage in local associations at second home destinations in Sweden. Questions addressed relate to second home owners engagement, type of associations they engage in and utilization of second homes. The data used is retrieved from a nation-wide questionnaire survey to 4 000 randomly selected second home owners in Sweden during 2009. Results show that second home owners actively engage in the associational life at the destinations and is to be considered as a potential for local development rather than a problem for places that otherwise would have limited options.
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| 33. |
- Robertsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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The Seasonal Buzz : Knowledge Transfer in a Temporary Setting
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tourism Planning & Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2156-8316 .- 2156-8324. ; 12:3, s. 251-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the debate regarding how firms and places can stay competitive in a globalized economy is focused on innovative capabilities. Issues of knowledge creation, innovation and knowledge transfer within and between individuals and firms is a central field of research. Here, the local buzz is frequently mentioned as highly important for sustaining the innovation and knowledge-creation process among firms. Previous research has mainly focused on the effects of a local buzz situated at the place where the firm is located. In this article, we argue that there is a geographically displaced buzz that occurs on a temporary basis during leisure time, characterized by a heterogeneous composition of individuals. This can potentially boost the innovative capability of single firms and the destinations where it occurs. We term this the seasonal buzz. This paper discusses, empirically tests and analyses a possible seasonal buzz, based on a questionnaire survey targeting second-home owners at a ski resort in Sweden. Results support the assertion that there is a seasonal buzz, that new networks are created, and that the information exchanged is important for individuals in their professional life as well.
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