| 1. |
- Burman, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Slutrapport: Genomförbarhetsstudie - Lokala nät och lokal spektrumanvändning för industriella radiosystem
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport sammanfattar vi utfört utredningsarbete för den studie som vi genomfört under perioden november 2020 – mars 2021 avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Medverkande har varit Boliden Mineral AB, Åkerströms i Björbo AB, Post- och Telesturelsen (PTS) samt KTH. Studien har finansierats av det strategiska innovationsprogrammet Smartare elektroniksystem - en gemensam satsning av Vinnova, Formas och Energimyndigheten.Rapporten rymmer två typer av material, dels beskrivning av nuläge dels analys och slutsatser.Nulägesbeskrivningen för 5G innefattar: status för spektrumtilldelning och utbyggnad av nät i några länder samt om forskning och standardisering vad gäller lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Analysdelen består av resonemang och resultat inom fyra olika områden: i) krav och behov, ii) möjliga scenarier och alternativ för systemlösningar, iii) kort summering av centrala tekniska faktorer för lokala nät avsedda för industrin, samt iv) sammanställning av utmaningar för olika aktörer och för spektrumtilldelning.Icke-publika nät (Non-public networks, NPN) är ett globalt fenomen med stort stöd och intresse från existerande ekosystem inom industri och telekom men även från helt nya spelare från tex IT industrin. NPN drivs av industrins behov av säker och tillförlitlig uppkoppling för digitalisering och automatisering av sina processer. Idag är industrins uppkoppling främst trådbunden, alternativt så använder man sig av ”proprietära”- eller WiFi baserade system i icke-licensierade band (alternativt smala frekvensband specifikt dedicerade för olika industriprocesser). Trådbunden uppkoppling är långsiktigt inte önskvärt för industrin då det begränsar rörligheten.För tillverkare av industriell radiostyrning är slutsatsen att man långsiktigt måste förbereda sig på att migrera från punkt-till-punkt kommunikation till användning av cellulära nätverk. För att industriföretag skall kunna ta beslut om investering i cellulär teknik för uppkoppling istället för tex WiFi, krävs långsiktighet både tekniskt och affärsmässigt. Det är därför viktigt att man kan tillhandahålla frekvenser för industriellt bruk. Bandet 3,72-3,80 GHz är i många länder tilldelat för lokala tillstånd. Detta band är definierat för TDD och behöver synkroniseras med operatörernas nät samt även använda samma fördelning av trafik mellan upp-och nedlänk som dessa nät. Industrins kapacitetsbehov är främst i upplänk medan operatörsnäten främst tillhandahåller video i nedlänk. Vidare finns ett antal andra utmaningar för samexistens mellan lokala nät och operatörsnät. Det är i nuläget oklart om man via endast TDD-tillstånd i 3,5 GHz eller högre frekvensband kommer att kunna tillfredsställa alla behov inom området industriell radiostyrning och icke publika nät.Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att detta projekt har identifierat ett antal osäkerheter och utmaningar avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin. Vår bedömning är att dessa är så stora att det i nuläget saknas underlag för att definiera ett större utvecklingsprojekt. För att kunna definiera ett relevant projekt för att utveckla och testa 5G baserad system för industriell radiostyrning behöver ytterligare underlag tas fram. Dessutom bör man även invänta beslut från PTS avseende allokering av frekvenser för industrin.
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| 2. |
- Giles, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Cost Drivers and Deployment Scenarios for Future Braodband Wireless Networks - Key research problems and directions for research
- 2004
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In: VTC2004-SPRING. - New York : IEEE. - 0780382552 ; , s. 2042-2046
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The most prominent problem in providing anywhere, anytime wideband mobile access is the towering infrastructure cost as it is basically proportional to the bandwidth provided. In this paper, we provide a simple, initial, analysis of the various infrastructure cost factors. This analysis shows that, contrary to what one may expect, the infrastructure cost is not dominated by electronic equipment, but rather by other deployment related costs (towers, wiring, building, network connections) and maintenance costs. In the paper some novel architectural approaches for future wideband mobile access focusing on these dominant cost factors are described and the related key research issues are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Cost Structure and Business Model options for Wireless Access Provisioning using Femtocell solutions
- 2008
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In: 19th European Regional ITS Conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The last year Mobile Operators have successfully offered mobile broad band services based on “USB dongles” and competitive flat rate subscriptions. Both the numbers of users as well as the “usage” in terms of transferred number of Mbytes per user and month are increasing substantially. This will require very cost-efficient high capacity network solutions. Mobile communication systems with coverage almost “everywhere” (e.g. GSM) are deployed for mobile telephony services. They are feasible solutions for voice or low rate data services, but not economically viable for high data rates and high capacity access. For cellular systems so called hierarchical cells structures (HCS) are used to provide services in areas with varying demand. The macrocells are complemented by micro and pico cells in areas with high demand. Recently femtocell solutions with small (possibly user deployed) indoor base stations have been proposed and this deployment option is currently investigated by operators and manufacturers (see www.femtoforum.org).
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| 4. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
Business innovation strategies to reduce the revenue gap for wireless broadband services
- 2009
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In: Communications & Strategies. - 0249-2571. ; :75, s. 35-55
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobile broadband is increasing rapidly both when it comes to traffic and number of subscriptions. The swift growth of the demand will require substantial capacity expansions. Operators are challenged by the fact that revenues from mobile roadband are limited, just a few per cent of ARPU, and thus not compensating for declining voice revenues, creating a so called "revenue gap". Concurrently, mobile broadband dominates the traffic, set to grow strongly. In this paper we analyze the potential of different strategies for operators to reduce or bridge the revenue gap. The main options are to reduce network costs, to increase access prices and to exploit new revenue streams. The focus in the paper is on cost & capacity challenges and solutions in the network domain.Operators can cooperate and share sites and spectrum, which could be combined with off-loading heavy traffic to less costly local networks. In the network analysis we illustrate the cost impacts of different levels of demand, re-use of existing base station sites, sharing of base stations and spectrum and deployment of a denser network. A sensitivity analysis illustrates the impact on total revenues if access prices are increased, whether new types of services generate additional revenues, and if it fills the revenue gap. Our conclusion is that the different technical options to reduce the revenue gap can be linked to business strategies that include cooperation with both other operators as well as with non-telecom actors. Hence, innovations in the business domain enable technical solutions to be better or fully exploited.
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| 5. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Company Asset analysis of candidates for novel access provisioning
- 2005
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New ways of increasing cost efficiency and introduction of new services are necessary to promote development of extensive usage of a multitude of high data rate wireless services similar to the Internet. The Novel Access provisioning (NAP) project investigates the possibilities in small scale access and service provisioning as a low cost complement to existing Mobile Networks. New market players and business models are analysed. Private companies, shops etc can act as Local network operators where the company network is “re-used” for public access. Companies with large customer base, a strong brand and wide spread local presence represent another type of new market player where company assets like marketing, customer support and billing units also can be exploited for operation of mobile networks.
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| 6. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Local access provisioning driven by Supply-push or by Demand-pull? - Initial findings from interviews with market actors
- 2006
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In: ITS Europe 2006.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyzes the technological development of local access provisioning of wireless broadband through the study of commercial forces of push-pull character behind its development. The work is conducted within the Novel Access Provisioning (NAP) project that is a joint techno-economic research effort between the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) and the Swedish Telecom Agency (PTS). This paper reports the findings from a series of interviews with main representatives from actors within and outside the telecom industry confined to the Scandinavian market. The aim of the paper is to increase the understanding for the rate of diffusion of wireless broadband access solutions and to suggest innovative alternatives that may fuel its development.
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| 7. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Operator Cooperation as a Competitive Advantage for Provisioning of Low Cost High Capacity Mobile Broad band Services
- 2008
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In: 19th European Regional ITS Conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Operator utility is related to expected profits, risks and strategic issues. In this paper we focus on the potential change in operator utility from network cooperation. If network cooperation would increase operator utility significantly, that would be an important driver of cooperation. We show that the most important effect of network cooperation would be increased user utility, which in turn is shown to have significant impact on operator utility. The user utility is compared without and with cooperation between mobile operators. The user utility is expressed as a User Satisfaction Index (USI) which is depending on the service availability, service quality and the price. Cooperation in the form of sharing of network resources is usually seen as a way to share costs and risk for network deployment. However, there are other operator benefits: improved network utilization and increased traffic which may increase the revenues improved user satisfaction due to improved service availability and quality The network related property of cooperation to reduce the number of disconnected users is transformed into a higher degree of user satisfaction. This would most likely result in more loyal customers and hence the churn would be reduced. In this paper we discuss the implications of the increased user satisfaction on operator costs for customer acquisition and management. We see business opportunities for mobile operators leading to cost savings and changes in the cost structure.
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| 8. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
Supply-Push or Demand-pull as driver for Local access Provisioning - initial findings from interviews with market actors
- 2006
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In: Helsinki Mobility Roundtable 2006.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyzes push-pull initiatives of technological development by studying the concept of Novel Access Provisioning of new wireless Internet access to existing backbone infrastructure. The Novel Access Provisioning project is conducted within the Swedish techno-economic research project with participants from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) and the Swedish Telecom Agency (PTS). This paper reports on the results from a series of interviews during the fall of 2005 with main representatives from within the Telecom Industry and outside in the Nordic market having an interest in the development and use of mobile services. The aim of the paper is to increase the understanding for why some innovations have a rapid rate of adoption while others are deployed more slowly.
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| 9. |
- Mölleryd, Bengt G., et al.
(author)
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Decoupling of revenues and traffic - Is there a revenue gap for mobile broadband?
- 2010
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In: 2010 9th Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet, CTTE 2010. - 9781424479887
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobile broadband is increasing rapidly both when it comes to traffic and the number of subscriptions. Operators are challenged by the fact that revenues from mobile broadband are de-coupled from the traffic. In this paper we will analyze if this de-coupling results in a “revenue gap” for the combined voice and mobile broadband business and, if this is the case, how significant the gap is. We analyze a country and operator case where the increasing user demand requires network upgrades. The impact of increasing traffic, revenues and costs is analyzed in terms of profit margin for the voice and mobile broadband businesses. The results show that the overall profit for the modeled operator decreases due to declining voice revenues. The contribution from mobile broadband depends heavily on the amount of traffic growth and prices.
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| 10. |
- Mölleryd, Bengt G., et al.
(author)
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Mobile broadband expansion calls for more spectrum or base stations : analysis of value of spectrum and the role of spectrum aggregation
- 2010
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyses the marginal value of spectrum which includes engineering and strategic value. The analysis of the engineering value shows that operators that are able to obtain more spectrum than their competitors, and pursue network sharing and spectrum aggregation have a competitive advantage as they have the lowest production cost, highest margin and highest capacity when usage takes off. The analysis of the strategic value shows that the level of offered data rates is pivotal for operators’ marketing of mobile broadband services and that network sharing in combination with spectrum aggregation has a positive impact on the strategic value. Altogether, the willingness to pay for spectrum in recent auctions has been lower than the estimated marginal value in this analysis.
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| 11. |
- Werding, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Drivers of Novel Access Provisioning -Re-Use Aspects and Operator Cooperation
- 2006
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In: 2006 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. - : IEEE. - 1424403294
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New network and business architectures with low cost factors are necessary to promote development of extensive usage of a multitude of high data rate wireless services similar to the Internet. The novel access provisioning (NAP) project investigates the possibilities in local access and service provisioning as a complement to existing mobile networks. We expect that successful high bandwidth mobility services require more than local coverage even if wide area coverage is compromised. Many local access providers need to cooperate to make the service reasonably accessible. Different drivers of new market players and business models are analyzed.
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| 12. |
- Werding, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Novel access provisioning
- 2006
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In: Helsinki Mobility Roundtable 2006.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New network and business architectures/Novel Access Provisioning (NAP) with low cost factors are necessary to promote development of extensive usage of a multitude of high data rate wireless services similar to the Internet. The NAP project focus in particular on the investigation of possibilities in local access and service provisioning as a complement to existing Mobile Network Operators. We expect that successful high bandwidth mobility services require more than local coverage. Many local access providers need to cooperate to make the service reasonably accessible. Those can then be used to offload heavy and less price worthy traffic e.g. large down loads from the cellular network to local access points. Different drivers of new market players and business models are analyzed.
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| 13. |
- Agüero, Ramón, et al.
(author)
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RRM Challenges for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks in Ambient Networks
- 2005
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the Radio Resource Management (RRM) functionalities needed for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks. These types of networks are characterized by increased cooperation between different types of networks and providers and they are believed to play a fundamental role for future wireless network networking. The paper describes three specific concepts, which latter is used to identify new RRM challenges. In addition, it identifies the relation between the RRM challenges and the Ambient Networks architecture and functionalities, in particular the multiradio resource management functionality.
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| 14. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Spectrum Access Options for Indoor Mobile Network Deployment
- 2013
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In: 2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC Workshops). - : IEEE. ; , s. 138-142
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The investments in indoor mobile networks are highly related to the spectrum availability and its associated authorization options. The aim of this paper is to discuss the differences in the spectrum demand taking into consideration both wide and local area network deployment requirements and the kind of actor that provides the indoor wireless access. The analysis covers different authorizations options namely licensed, unlicensed, licensed shared access (LSA) and secondary access. A quantitative approach is used to analyze the differences between macrocell and femtocell deployments focusing on deployment cost and spectrum demand. This is complemented by a qualitative study to explore and discuss the strategic business decisions of different actors in view of the available spectrum bands and spectrum authorization options. The main conclusions from this study are; spectrum has more value in macrocell deployment scenarios than in femtocell ones. More spectrum in macrocell deployment scenarios means that operators can deploy less number of new sites and exploit previous infrastructure investments. Femtocell networks are often coverage limited which allows for frequency re-use. As a consequence, the value of spectrum is not the same for mobile network operators (MNOs) and for local network operator (LNOs). MNOs are traditionally confined to macrocell deployment strategies which entail the exclusive usage of licensed bands. While, the use of licensed spectrum by LNOs may incur more cost than the cost of infrastructure deployment. This explains why the use of unlicensed bands is lucrative and viable for LNOs. Furthermore, the LSA scheme may or could soon become an enabler for LNO's business due to the prevailing technical, regulation and policies developments.
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| 15. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, et al.
(author)
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Impact of the flexible spectrum aggregation schemes on the cost of future mobile network
- 2015
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In: 2015 22nd International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2015. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479980789 ; , s. 96-101
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nowadays the spectrum regulations landscape is changing towards more flexible spectrum management schemes, such trends are expected to make additional spectrum resources available and lowers the spectrum access hurdles. In this paper, different spectrum aggregation scenarios have been compared focusing on the tradeoff between the total cost of ownership and the targeted QoS under different market conditions. The main finding in this study thereof indicates that the addition of more spectrum resources will lead to an overall reduction in the total cost of ownership (TCO) as long as the spectrum price remains small compared to the cost of the network infrastructure. Moreover, schemes such as LSA and secondary access will enable operators who have insufficient licensed spectrum resource to expand their mobile network infrastructure especially in hotspots with high subscribers demand in a cost-effective way. In this regard, the harmonization of spectrum use for LSA and TVWS across multiple countries stands as a key requirement for the reduction of the production cost of equipment and hence, the creation of an economy of scale considering both of the network equipment (i.e. radio base station) and end-subscriber devices.
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| 16. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, et al.
(author)
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Interplay Between Cost,Capacity and Power Consumption in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks
- 2014
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In: 2014 21st International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2014. - Lisbon : IEEE Press. - 9781479951413 ; , s. 98-102
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobile operators nowadays tend to deploy dense heterogeneous layers of 3G and 4G networks in outdoor and indoor environments by adding more macrocells and small cells (e.g. microcells, picocells and femtocells) in response to the increasing demand for coverage and capacity. Another main driver and enabler behind this tendency is the phenomenon that around 80% of power consumption in mobile communication networks stems from the radio base stations. This situation makes mobile operators opt for the use of lowpower radio base stations to provide better coverage, capacity and an environmentally-friendly operation. In this paper the interplay between the deployment costs, targeted QoS and power consumptions have been studied considering two deployment options for the provisioning of the required mobile broadband coverage and capacity; namely the heterogeneous network (HetNet) option versus the homogenous macrocell deployment option. The main findings indicate that, the perceived saving in the total cost of ownership (TCO) resulting from offloading percentage of network traffic to indoor smallcell, in the case of HetNet, is bounded by the mobile subscriber density per area, their usage patterns, the adopted backhaul solution and the used spectrum resources. In general, a quite paying cost and power saving can be achieved by the heterogonous deployment solution for scenarios with high demand levels especially when there is a need to use the spectrum resources more efficiently.
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| 17. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, et al.
(author)
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Investment strategies for different actors in indoor mobile market : "in view of the emerging spectrum authorization schemes"
- 2013
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In: 24th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunication Society, Florence, Italy, 20-23 October 2013.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The regulatory landscape is changing towards more flexible spectrum management schemes. Such schemes are expected to make additional spectrum resources available and lower the spectrum access barriers. Emerging spectrum authorization schemes such as secondary access (TV White Space) and Licensed Shared Access (LSA) are expected to open doors for new actors rather than traditional MNOs to access licensed spectrum resources at reasonable costs. These schemes will allow actors such as Facility Owners (FO), Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to invest in indoor mobile network infrastructure. These actors can act as Local Network Operators (LNO) and build their business models around provisioning of mobile services in locations where there seems to be a hole or lack of service coverage in a particular area within the mobile network operators (MNOs) service footprint. This paper highlights the differences between indoor deployment and outdoor deployment in the light of the available spectrum bands to be used and the possible business models for MNOs and LNOs. In short, the possible investment strategies for provisioning indoor mobile services vary between MNOs and LNOs cases due to economic and regulatory aspects surrounding them. The main finding in this study indicates that the willingness of MNOs to invest in dedicated indoor solutions is driven by the balance between the potential revenues and the deployment cost. Moreover MNOs have more spectrum and investment options compared to LNOs who must bond their investment strategies to the available spectrum resources (i.e. the regulations of spectrum access).
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| 18. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Study on the effects of backhual solutions on indoor mobile deployment "macrocell vs. femtocell"
- 2013
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In: 2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 2444-2448
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The deployment of low cost and low power base stations has been recognized in recent years as a promising cost-efficient solution and energy-efficient strategy. In this paper the femtocell and macrocell deployment options have been compared in the context of indoor mobile broadband deployment, with focus on the effect of different backhauling solutions in power consumption and the total deployment cost. This study has been based on the deployment of mobile broadband services within an area of one square kilometers in a new densely populated business district where the different user demands, spectrum bandwidths, backhaul technologies and radio access technologies are taken into account. Moreover, various deployment scenarios reflecting the business perspectives of mobile operators have been looked into as well. The main findings reached indicate that backhaul solutions contribute differently to cost and power consumption depending on the employed deployment strategy. However, contributions to the total power consumption and to the CapEx and OpEx elements of the total deployment cost elements turned to be more significant in the case of femtocell deployment scenarios than in the case of macrocell ones. It is worthy of notice that the femtocell deployment is more cost-efficient, especially in high demand situation when new macro sites are needed to be deployed.
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| 19. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, et al.
(author)
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Techno-economics of Green Mobile Networks Considering Backhauling
- 2014
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In: 20th European Wireless Conference, EW 2014. - Barcelona : VDE Verlag GmbH. - 9783800736218 ; , s. 415-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we consider a comparative analysis of different deployment solutions in terms of total cost of ownership (TCO) and impact of energy efficiency as a cost parameter, i.e. mobile operator's electric bill. Different deployment options for the wireless segment of the network are considered: macro only versus heterogeneous networks with femto cells to support indoor traffic demand. In addition to the wireless segment different technologies for the backhauling segment are also considered: microwave versus fiber (10G-PON). Considering different user traffic intensities in an urban area and different environments such as business and residential areas, the impact of energy consumption on the TCO has been analyzed. The scope of the paper is extended to compare different backhaul technologies considering the annual increase in the traffic demand up to year 2020. The obtained results indicate that the impact of electric bill becomes more significant over the TCO especially after year 2018. Moreover, the heterogeneous deployment strategy utilizing indoor femto-cells achieves significant savings in terms of electric bill and TCO compared to the macro only solution. However, the saving ratio varies according to the adopted backhauling technology.
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| 20. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, et al.
(author)
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The Incentives and Challenges of Delivering Linear Broadcasting Services over Cellular Network in Developing Countries : Sudan as Case study
- 2014
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In: The 25th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society,Brussels, Belgium, 22nd - 25th June 2014. - Brussels : nternational Telecommunications Society.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Broadcasting sector has been evolved in terms of service production, transmission platform and reception devices in the last few decades. In contrast to cable and satellite platform, which are suitable for fixed reception only, the terrestrial digital platform can support portable, mobile and fixed reception scenarios. In general, there are two options of mobile multimedia service; one is based on a mobile communication network with IP cast known as MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services), while the other is based on broadcast technology. In the context of convergence, the players in the mobile sector argues that unlike traditional mobile network systems, where the use was restricted to a given application, emerging mobile networks will be able to carry a variety of services and accordingly separate broadcasting networks will no longer be required. In line with argument, it is not economically viable to roll out dedicated wireless broadband networks by the broadcasters to meet the increasing demand for interactive broadcasting services. That is why the broadcasters may look for innovative mechanism to deliver the broadcast services over mobile broadband network owned by the telecommunication operators.The focus on this paper is to investigate the incentives and challenges for such trend in developing countries; taking Sudan as case study. The main conclusion in this paper indicate that a potential economic incentive for delivering the broadcasting service over cellular network in Sudan subject to the deployment of high efficient mobile network. Moreover, the mobile operators may consider support such approach considering the increase demand for additional frequency resource. However, the key challenges remain in how to develop a suitable regulations landscape to assure fair and competitive business practices on hand while guaranteeing the continuation of the public broadcasting service. In this regard, a new regulation framework needs to be developed to separate the three key functions in digital terrestrial broadcasting value chain (namely the content production and distribution). Further on, the necessary interconnection regulations need to put on place in order to pave the way for rollout of common platform that are necessary for interactive and nonlinear services.
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| 21. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Toward capacity-efficient, cost-efficient and power-efficient deployment strategy for indoor mobile broadband
- 2013
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In: 24th European Regional ITS Conference, Florence 2013.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobile operators nowadays tend to deploy dense heterogeneous layers of 3G and 4G networks in outdoor and indoor environments by adding more macrocells and smallcells (e.g. microcells, picocells and femtocells) in response to the increasing subscriber demand for coverage and capacity. The main driver and enabler behind this tendency is the phenomenon that around 80% of power consumption in mobile communication networks stems from the radio base stations. This situation makes mobile operators opt for the use low-power radio base stations to provide better coverage, capacity and a more environment-friendly operation. The use of low-power radio base stations leads to reduction of energy consumption in mobile communication networks power. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative study between homogenous macrocell deployment and indoor smallcell deployments as alternative solutions for provision of the required indoor coverage and capacity. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of backhaul solutions being critical components in the smallcell network deployment. Furthermore, the scope of the study is extended to cover the investigation of the value of the heterogeneous (i.e. hybrid marcocell-femtocell) deployment scenario as a cost and power-efficient solution versus the homogenous marcocell deployment scenario in view of the variations in the mobile network traffic during the day. The main findings indicate that the CapEx and OpEx of the backhaul solution represent the major part of the total deployment cost in the indoor smallcell deployment scenario (i.e. femtocell case) compared to those of the macrocell deployment scenario. Nonetheless, the perceived saving in the total cost of ownership (TCO) resulting from the use of indoor smallcell (i.e. femtocell) remains a satisfactory and convenient motivation considering the traffic variation across the day, traffic distribution between indoor and outdoor locations and the keenness to use the spectrum resources more efficiently.
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| 22. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf Awadelkarim Widaa
(author)
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Towards Affordable Provisioning Strategies for Local Mobile Services in Dense Urban Areas : A Techno-economic Study
- 2017
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The future mobile communication networks are expected to cope with growing local usage patterns especially in dense urban areas at more affordable deployment and operation expenses. Beyond leveraging small cell architectures and advanced radio access technologies; more radio spectrum are expected to be required to achieve the desired techno-economic targets. Therefore, the research activity has been directed towards discussing the benefits and needs for more flexible and local spectrum authorization schemes. This thesis work is meant to be a contribution to this ongoing discussion from a techno-economic perspective. In chapter three, the engineering value of the different flexible authorization options are evaluated from the perspective of established mobile network operators using the opportunity cost approach. The main results in chapter three indicate the economic incentives to deploy more small cells based on flexible spectrum authorization options are subject to the potential saving in the deployment and operation costs. Nonetheless; high engineering value can be anticipated when the density of small cells is equal or larger than the active mobile subscribers’ density. While in chapter four, the possible local business models around different flexible authorization options are investigated from the perspective of emerging actors with limited or ’no’ licensed spectrum resources. In this context, dependent or independent local business can be identified according to surrounding spectrum regulations. On possible independent local business models for those emerging actors is to exploit the different flexible spectrum authorization options to provision tailored local mobile services. Other viable dependent local business models rest with the possibility to enter into different cooperation agreements to deploy and operate dedicated local mobile infrastructure on behalf established mobile network operators.
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| 23. |
- Ahmed, Ashraf, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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On the Engineering Value of Spectrum in Dense Mobile Network Deployment Scenarios
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- the continuing growth in the mobile data traffic magnifies the challenges for the design and deployment of scalable high-capacity mobile networks that can meet the future demand at reasonable cost levels. In order to meet the future traffic demand, an operator should invest on both infrastructure, i.e. densification of base stations, and more radio spectrum. Knowing the effectiveness of each element is thus of utmost importance for minimizing the investment cost. In this paper, we study the economic substitutability between spectrum and densification. For this, we measure the engineering value of spectrum, which refers to the potential saving in the total cost of ownership (TCO) as result of acquiring additional spectrum resources. Two countries are considered to represent different market situations: India with dense population and high spectrum price and Sweden with moderate population density and low spectrum fee. Numerical results indicate that additional amount of spectrum substantially relieves the need for densifying radio base stations, particularly for providing high user data rate in dense India. Nonetheless, the engineering value of spectrum is low in India (i.e. spectrum acquisition has less cost benefit) under the high spectrum price of today, whereas spectrum is instrumental in lowering the total cost of ownership in Sweden. Our finding highlights the importance of affordable and sufficient spectrum resources for future mobile broadband provisioning.
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| 24. |
- Aidi, Laili, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Competing or Aligning? Assessment for Telecom Operator's strategy to address OTT TV/Video services
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Up until recently, it was rarely direct competition between telecom operators, cable and satellite Pay-TV providers in digital TV/Video, as their business area were different and value chain was well established. However, technology advance has altered digital TV/Video landscape, made these Communication Service Providers (CSPs) cross other’s area and opened door for new actor (OTT player) to enter the market. This triggers second change in the landscape, as it potentially bypasses CSP’s role in digital media value chain.There are generic potential options for telecom operator to address OTT service‘s treat, where the trend shows gradual shifts toward allowing or promoting. This study assesses telecom operator’s reaction strategies to react to this digital TV/Video convergence trend. Our analysis reveals two typical relation patterns in the value network, used by telecom operators based on strategy options above, which are ”point-to-point” and ”point-to-multipoint” relation model. We explore the underlining motivations that based these strategies, as well as analysis of the eco-systems: actors identification, business roles and distributed responsibilities among them, where we use ARA (Actors, Resource, Activities) point of view to model these value networks.
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| 25. |
- Aidi, Laili, et al.
(author)
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Mobile music business models in Asia’s emerging markets
- 2013
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In: 12th International Conference on Mobile Business, ICMB 2013. - : Association for Information Systems.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the telecom business, there has been a heavy competition from Internet, media and handset vendors companies. These over-the-top (OTT) players offer compiling telecom services, cause a transformation in the telecom business ecosystem, and the most challenging services posed here are media services. China, India and Indonesia, as world’s emerging markets in Asia, are predicted to take the largest share in the global mobile traffic explosion by 2015. It is critical for mobile network operators (MNOs) in this region to explore strategy for mobile media services, as mobile broadband is likely preferred compared to fixed broadband. In this paper, we analyze and compare mobile music business models used in these markets and structure the relation models between the key actors, using Actors, Relations and Business Activities (ARA) model. We present the economic models that are emerging, and an insight of why and how these multitudes actors are betting on currently. We found that the MNOs generally have a much stronger position compared to their counterparts in the developed markets, and the personalization services, like ring-back tone, are still a huge success. The actors tend to deliver the services by their own, rather than to collaborate in a horizontal business setting.
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| 26. |
- Akhtar, Nadeem, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Complexity and Transaction Costs For Cooperating Networks
- 2007
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In: 2007 IEEE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-9. ; , s. 4270-4274
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the impact that introduction of new Ambient Networks (AN) functionality will have on usage of system resources and on connection delay. The signalling load for multiple attachment and negotiation procedures is assessed by modelling signalling sequences for a WLAN system enabled with AN technology. The load is computed for varying numbers of users and for users with different levels of “willingness to evaluate and negotiate offers”. The results show that the most important parameter is the number of attachment attempts per time unit, which is an indicator of user activity level. In the investigated scenarios, the relative load of signalling is 0.1 – 1.0 % of the transferred user data. The delay depends on the current load situation of the network.
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| 27. |
- Akhtar, Nadeem, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Signaling Load and Negotiation Complexity using Network Composition
- 2007
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In future mobile communications networks using Ambient Networks (AN) technology, users will be able to connect to a multitude of networks operated by different business entities. The technology enablers are advertising of access and service offers, multi-radio access, network selection and roaming support, negotiation of terms and conditions for attachment to networks. In this paper, we investigate the additional load on users and network resources for establishment and management of multiple network connections and business relations. The administrative load is analyzed using commercial uses cases and scenarios with a number of available networks, service providers and payment and ID providers. The signaling load for multiple attachment and negotiation procedures is estimated by modeling signaling sequences for a WLAN system enabled with AN technology. The signaling load is computed for varying numbers of users and for users with varying "willingness to evaluate and negotiate offers". The results show that the most important parameters are the number of attachment attempts per time unit. In the investigated scenarios, the relative load of business related signaling is 0.1 -1.0 % of the transferred user data. Although a large of number of different networks may be used, the number of business agreements and network connections that need to be handled simultaneously will be quite low.
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| 28. |
- Alvarez Alvarez, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential opportunities that can be attained with the use of smart devices in order to gather data or automate processes. This type of communications between devices with minimal human intervention is referred to as Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that can be applied to optimize resources and improve service delivery applications. Smart Grid is one of the M2M communications applications that is attaining more attention during recent years, because of its potential to change the complete energy ecosystem; going from a unidirectional system to a bidirectional one where customers will have an important role in the ecosystem.Depending on the country and its characteristics and situation, Smart Grid development can be very different. This article identifies commonalities and differences in Smart Grid communication development considering the current status in developed and developing countries. The process is done by evaluating the following techno-economic aspects: Technology development, Public initiatives, Regulator policies and Economic situation/Business perspective of the country. The article is concluded by showing that regulator policies regarding the level of liberalization in the energy market are a key element when defining business strategies and different stages of Smart Grid communications development has a critical influence in the definition of business models, as it defines the key activities, partners and value proposition for the business.
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| 29. |
- Alvarez Alvarez, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Smart Energy : Competitive Landscape and Collaborative Business Models
- 2015
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In: 2015 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks, ICIN 2015. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479918669
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the recent years several technologies and services based in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M) have appeared in many different sectors, like healthcare, transport, logistics, media or utilities. When new technologies (like Smart Grid or Smart Energy) appear two types of challenges can be defined: technical and business challenges, therefore innovation has to be applied in both of them. Too often innovation is focus on the technical evolution and underestimated on the business field, however it is a key aspect for new technologies and services to reach commercial success. Traditional business models in the energy sector will suffer big changes in the next years, as the Smart Grid concept is developed.By the advent of new services and applications, horizontal and vertical partnerships with competitors and other actors will take place. In this context collaboration between actors, partnerships and agreements will be of key importance. This paper investigates the different actors involved in a Smart Energy ecosystem, its possible activities and suitable business models for the different Smart Grid building blocks or milestones.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Capabilities for Network Operations and Support of Customers’ Working Processes
- 2007
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work in progress paper we will discuss company capabilities related to telecom services and how they can be developed or acquired in order to increase the compositeness of the firm. Traditionally, the technical infrastructure and platforms are designed and deployed by the vendors and operators and the role of end-users, private persons or enterprises, is to accept the offered service, pay and use. This may be a sustainable model when the user requirements are limited to connectivity, communication between persons and internet access, and to delivery of media services where the network acts as a channel. However, we argue that the design and deployment process of telecom services must be changed in order to provide flexible support of customers´ working processes. As a supplier you also have to consider how value is added in the working process of the customer. The full paper will include problem formulation, research questions, theoretical analysis and empirical data from case studies.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Cooperation and Competition during Evolution of Technology Based Service Innovation : The Case of Development of NFC Enabled Mobile Services in Nice
- 2013
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In: 12th International Conference on Mobile Business, ICMB 2013. - : Association for Information Systems.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concurrent cooperation and competition is an important characteristic of innovation processes. We illustrate this with reference to a case on new mobile, NFC (Near Field Communications) based services: a systemic service innovation project in Nice, named Cityzi. Cityzi is a local sub-process in the globally dispersed efforts to develop and implement mobile services enabled by the NFC technique that can be used for mobile communication. The project requires cooperation, also between competing actors, to determine technical interfaces as well as development and implementation of business models for production and use of the services in practice. Due to the heterogeneity of resources that need to be combined, actors from different industrial as well as public policy sectors participate in the project. We apply a network perspective for our analysis of cooperation and competition during service innovation processes, specifically focusing on network overlapping processes. A dynamic conceptual model is suggested to capture the complexities of implementing largescale ICT infrastructure projects, when going from trial to commercialization.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Global policy networks’ involvement in service innovation. Turning the mobile phone into a wallet by applying NFC technology
- 2011
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In: The IMP Journal. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 5:3, s. 193-211
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mobile phone attracts an increasing number of service applications enabled by technical developments. On-going efforts aim to widen the scope of mobile payments and “turning the mobile phone into a wallet” with the help of Near Field Technology (NFC). A number of industries are involved in this development. To enable large scale commercial application of the new technology for mobile payments, several global industry associations, what we label Global Policy Networks (GPNs), are involved in standard setting, certification, visions and promotion of business applications, etc. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the role of GPNs in establishing global policies to enable business actors to develop and implement local policies applying the new technology for business purposes. The paper focuses on how some yet to be settled global policy issues affect local policies.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Technical development and the formation of new business ventures, The case of new mobile payment and ticketing services
- 2011
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In: The IMP Journal. - : Emerald. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 5:1, s. 23-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do new business ventures emerge, and how is their emergence linked to technical development? What are the challenges of forming new business ventures when the business involves the connection of previously unconnected or loosely connected networks? This paper analyses the connections between technical development and the formation of new business ventures. A set of case studies is presented that show how existing market structures, business development and associated wireless, technologies and systems are affected by the emergence of new mobile payment and ticketing services. This paper presents result from an on-going research project on near field communication based services in Sweden. In late 2008 the project “Foundation For NFC/Sensor Network B2B2C Services” (FORCE) was initiated by TeliaSonera Mobile Network, KTH Center for Wireless System, and Center for Information and Communication Research at the Stockholm School of Economics.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
-
The formation of new business ventures in networks : creating new intermediary roles and extracting value from the exploitation of technology
- 2010
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyzes new business formation connected to the use of established mobile technologies and associated services. The purpose of the paper is to describe how a set of alternative business network situations can emerge when established wireless application technologies are exploited and new value is created and new business ventures are formed. A set of short cases describe how new business can be created based on established SMS applications and services. The paper discusses central aspects of the formation of new business ventures in networks. Here, focus is on opportunities to create value based on the exploitation of existing technology. The technology is used in a new way and is perceived by existing actors as an opportunity to exploit by creating a new intermediary performing a new role. In business practice, technology development is related to formation of new business ventures, they cannot be separated from each other.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Value added services and new business roles for support of mobile professional users and project working processes
- 2008
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we will discuss services that support the value creation process and the interaction between companies in the supply chain. The value added services for professional users hence should support both the internal working processes within a company and, maybe even more important, the interaction between different market actors. We will discuss how communication systems and value added services can be designed in order to support professional users. We target business users using services supporting work in mobile environments with a temporary project organization. The discussion and some analysis will be based on findings from construction projects and from public safety services. These “projects” are usually temporary with different duration, highly mobile and geographically distributed organizations with common work processes that require close interaction between multiple users and partners belonging to different organizations. The analysis starts with characterization of user behavior, user environments and project organizations. Communication and mobility patterns are described and possible services and business roles are proposed. Analysis of empirical results in identification of different types of organization of the provider network. The position of actors within this network is important. Using these findings we discuss adaptive or adaptable business models that could be configured in different ways depending on the duration and the position of actors within the network. An important aspect is the ability for companies to change perspective and consider new ways to assess business opportunities and/or to organize the value creation activities.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Apanasevic, Tatjana, et al.
(author)
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An exploratory study of consumer attitudes towards mobile ticketing in Sweden
- 2013
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In: 24th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society. - : ITS.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Swedish public transport organizations have set an objective to double usage of the public transport during the next coming five years. This study attempts to investigate if the current ticket solutions support the goal of the public transport companies, and if the available mobile phone solutions can lower barriers for consumers. In order to do that, critical travelling moments for users of different market segments were estimated during a pre-study stage. The following focus group discussions helped to validate problems identified during the pre-study. At the same time, focus groups provided deeper consumer insights on general consumer perception of the transport service, ticketing, mobile payment, quality of service, consumer expectations related to the public transport services, and consumer satisfaction and loyalty.The conducted research helped to identify problems existing in public transport ticketing and mobile payment areas, which have the negative impact on the usage of the public transport service and contribute with additional barriers for users. Moreover, this conclusion is supported by multiple examples that clearly illustrate what does not work, and why it does not work. Hence, mentioned solutions do not support the overall objective of the public transport operators. The comprehension of these problems and barriers can contribute to a better understanding of consumer needs and expectations, and help the public transport service providers to improve the service.
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