| 1. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 67:1, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours. These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles, lack observable, discriminatory morphological characters, and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing. As a result, species identification is frequently difficult. Molecular (DNA sequence) data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi, with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region being the most popular marker. However, international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality, making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic. Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages. A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata. The results – a total of 31,954 changes – are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee), including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches, use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur, and related applications. The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.
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| 3. |
- Chakma, Sanjib, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary report on freshwater oligochaetes from some districts of Tamil Nadu (India), along with DNA barcode sequence of a commercially important oligochaete in Chennai
- 2020
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Ingår i: Zoosymposia. - : Magnolia Press. - 1178-9905 .- 1178-9913. ; 17, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey of aquatic Oligochaeta was conducted at Thiruvallur, Chennai, Kanchipuram, Villupuram and Nilgiris districts of Tamil Nadu from October 2015 to June 2016. Eleven taxa were recorded from a total of 922 specimens examined, eight of them were identified to species level. Five naidids identified during the present study: Branchiodrilus semperi, Dero dorsalis, Dero digitata, Dero indica and Dero zeylanica, and six tubificid taxa Branchiura sowerbyi, Tubificidae sp. 1, Tubificidae sp. 2, Tubificidae sp. 3, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and L. udekemianus. Dero dorsalis constitute the first report for Kanchipuram district. A DNA barcode sequence (GenBank accession no. MF125273) of the commercially important Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, commonly known as ‘Tubifex worms’ in Chennai, was obtained and compared with other published COI sequences from that morphospecies from around the world.
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| 4. |
- Erséus, Christer, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Case 3826 – Propappus Michaelsen, 1905 and PROPAPPIDAE Coates, 1986 (Annelida, Clitellata): proposed conservation by suppression of Propappus Seeley, 1888 (Vertebrata, Reptilia)
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. - : The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. - 0007-5167. ; 78:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- conserve the well-used names Propappus Michaelsen, 1905 and Propapidae Coates, 1986 (Annelida) by suppression of the senior homonym Propappus Seeley, 1888 (Reptilia), a junior subjective synonym of Pareiasaurus Owen, 1876.
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| 5. |
- Erséus, Christer, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The popular model annelid Enchytraeus albidus is only one species in a complex of seashore White Worms (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 19:2, s. 105-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The white worm Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) is easy to keep in laboratory cultures, and has therefore been employed as a model organism in basic and applied biological research. Its natural habitat includes terrestrial composts and wrack beds on seashores. However, the name E. albidus is currently used for a complex of morphologically similar and closely related species. We here revise the components of the E. albidus species complex based on a sample of 100 Enchytraeus specimens from 56 sites, most of which are across Europe. These samples were DNA-barcoded for the mitochon- drial COI gene. A subset of them was sequenced for the nuclear ITS2 and H3 markers. Six species were delimited with strong support by the COI and ITS2 gene trees, as well as by a multi-locus species delimitation analysis. These species are identified morphologically and described as E. albidus s. str. (with designation of a neotype); Enchytraeus moebii (Michaelsen, 1885); Enchytraeus albellus Klinth, Erséus and Rota, sp. nov., E. cf. krumbachi (Čejka, 1913), E. sp. 1 (unnamed), and Enchytraeus polatdemiri Arslan and Timm, 2018. The last-mentioned species is a soda lake specialist, whereas E. albidus s. str. is both terrestrial and marine littoral; all other species occur only in seashores. The phylogeny of this group was estimated using the multi-species coalescent model. Monophyly of the E. albidus complex was recovered. Within this complex, three groups were recovered as monophyletic, but the relationship between them is unclear. One group comprises E. albidus s. str., E. albellus, and E. moebii; the second group E. cf. krumbachi and the unnamed E. sp. 1, and the third consists of only E. polatdemiri. This study serves as a framework for genetic identification of white worms used for experimental purposes.
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| 6. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 194:4, s. 1103-1133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enchytraeid worms collected in South Africa and on the Marion, South Orkney, South Georgia and South Shetland Islands during 2008-2015 were studied using morphology and seven genetic markers. Nine species were recognized: one terrestrial (Christensenidrilus blocki) and all the others marine littoral (five Lumbricillus and three Marionina s.s.). An estimated phylogeny including other enchytraeids from the Northern Hemisphere, many of which are members of Lumbricillus and some representing Marionina s.l., confirmed a non-monophyletic Lumbricillus, with some of its current species closely related to Grania or Marionina s.s. The phylogeny also corroborated a non-monophyletic Marionina s.l., with Marionina s.s. closely related to Grania and Lumbricillus s.l., but not to the remaining sequenced 'Marionina' or to Ch. blocki. These results provide a long-needed starting point for a revision of both Marionina and Lumbricillus. We provide morphological descriptions of all nine species, three of which are new to science: Lumbricillus finisafricae sp. nov., Lumbricillus nivalis sp. nov., and Marionina fusca sp. nov. Comments on three related species of Marionina s.s. based on re-examined type material are also provided.
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| 7. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256. ; 46:1, s. 96-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enchytraeid genus Lumbricillus comprises about 80 described species of clitellate worms, which are up to a few centimetres long, and they mostly inhabit the littoral zone of nontropical marine and brackish waters world-wide. The phylogeny of this genus is poorly studied, but previous work has suggested that Lumbricillus is a non-monophyletic group. In this study, species boundaries and the phylogeny of this genus is re-assessed using more than 300 DNA-barcoded specimens (using COI mtDNA), part of which was also sequenced for two additional mitochondrial and four nuclear molecular markers. Statistical and coalescent based applications were used for the delimitation of a total of 24 species, of which 20 were identified as belonging to 17 described morphospecies; one morphospecies was found to be a complex of four delimited species, and another four delimited species could not be matched with any described species. Furthermore, gene trees, concatenation and multispecies coalescent based species trees were estimated using Bayesian inference. The estimated phylogenies confirm a non-monophyletic Lumbricillus as L. semifuscus is clearly excluded from the genus. Furthermore, the placement of a monophyletic clade consisting of L. arenarius, L. dubius, and an unidentified species varies between analyses; they are either found as the sister-group to the genus Grania or as sister-group to the remaining Lumbricillus, where the latter relationship is supported by the multispecies coalescent, which we consider as the most reliable method.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Yingkui, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan sludge worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Clitellata, Naididae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 17:2, s. 477-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862 is a common freshwater worm, often regarded as an indicator of organic pollution. The taxonomic status of this species is controversial due to great variation in morphological features. Numerous morphological forms of L. hoffmeisteri are recorded in the literature, especially from Europe and North America. Today, DNA-based species delimitation assumes that species boundaries can be more objectively and effectively estimated using genetic data rather than with morphological data alone. To investigate if L. hoffmeisteri is a single species, 295 worms identified as either L. hoffmeisteri or other similar (congeneric) morphospecies, using currently accepted morphological criteria, were collected from 82 locations in the northern hemisphere. The number of primary species hypotheses (PSHs) was first explored with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), the proposed DNA barcode for animal species, and with data for all specimens. Both automatic barcoding gap discovery (ABGD) and the Bayesian general mixed Yule coalescent (bGMYC) model revealed the existence of ≥25 distinct PSHs (COI lineages) in our dataset. Then, smaller samples of individuals representing major COI lineages were used for exploration of a nuclear locus, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In the ITS gene tree (81 sequences), generated by BEAST, 16 well-supported terminal groups were found, but not all of these groups were congruent with the PSHs found in the COI tree. As results across these different analyses were inconsistent, we resorted to analyzing reciprocal monophyly between gene trees and used a minimum consensus of all evidence, suggesting that there are 13 separately evolving lineages (=13 species) within our sample. The smallest uncorrected COI p-distance between these species is 12.1%, and the largest intraspecific p-distance is 16.4%, illustrating the problem of species delimitation with a DNA-barcoding gap as the sole criterion. Ten of these species are morphologically identified as “L. hoffmeisteri,” the remaining three can be attributed to morphologically distinct congeneric species. An individual from the type locality in Switzerland was designated as a neotype of L. hoffmeisteri sensu stricto. This worm belongs to one of the ten species, and this lineage is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America. The remaining nine species show a mixed distribution pattern; some appear to be endemic to a restricted area, others are Holarctic. Our results provide clues to the future revalidation of some of the nominal species today placed in synonymy with L. hoffmeisteri. A BEAST analysis, based on previously published and newly generated 16S data, suggested that this complex contains also other species than those studied by us. By integrating additional genetic data, it will be possible to identify these and additional specimens in future studies of Limnodrilus, and the neotype provides a baseline for further revisions of the taxonomy of the L. hoffmeisteri complex.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Yingkui, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Limnodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 112, s. 244-257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Limnodrilus species are annelid worms distributed worldwide in various freshwater sediments. The systematics of Limnodrilus has chiefly been based on morphology, but the genus has not been subject to any closer phylogenetic studies over the past two decades. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of Limnodrilus, and to assess the monophyly of this genus and its systematic position within the subfamily Tubificinae (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae), 45 Limnodrilus specimens, representing 19 species, and 35 other naidid species (representing 24 genera) were sampled. The data consisted of sequences of three mitochondrial genes (COI, 12S and 16S rDNA) and four nuclear markers (18S and 28S rDNA, Histone 3, and ITS). The phylogeny was estimated, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of concatenated data of seven DNA loci, as well as a multi-locus coalescent-based approach. All analyses strongly suggest that Limnodrilus is monophyletic, but only if the morphospecies L. rubripenis is removed from it. Limnodrilus rubripenis and (at least) Baltidrilus, Lophochaeta and some species attributed to Varichaetadrilus comprise the sister group to the Glade Limnodrilus sensu stricto, and the latter is further divided into three well-supported groups. One of them contains morphospecies characterized by short cuticular penis sheaths and enlarged chaetae in anterior segments (L udekemianus, L. silvani and L. grandisetosus). The second is a small group of species with moderately long penis sheaths, i.e., L. sulphurensis and L profundicola. The third, and largest group, includes not only the multitude of cryptic species in the L hoffmeisteri complex, but also other, morphologically distinct, species nested within this complex. All studied species in this large group have long penis sheaths, which are exceptionally long in L. claparedianus, L. maumeensis, and a form morphologically intermediate between L. claparedianus and L cervix. The identification and classification of these groups provide a framework for directed sampling in further phylogenetic studies, and for revisionary work on the L. hoffmeisteri complex and other unresolved Limnodrilus species. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Mack, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic carnivores: Intercontinental sampling reveals extensive novel diversity in a genus of freshwater annelids
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freshwater annelids are globally widespread in aquatic ecosystems, but their diversity is severely under-estimated. Obvious morphological features to define taxa are sparse, and molecular phylogenetic analyses regularly discover cryptic diversity within taxa. Despite considerable phylogenetic work on certain clades, many groups of freshwater annelids remain poorly understood. Included among these are water nymph worms of the genus Chaetogaster (Clitellata: Tubificida: Naididae: Naidinae). These worms have diverged from the detri-tivorous diet of most oligochaetes to become more predatory and exist as omnivores, generalist predators, parasites, or symbionts on other invertebrates. Despite their unusual trophic ecology, the true diversity of Chaetogaster and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus are uncertain. Only three species are commonly referenced in the literature (Chaetogaster diaphanus, Chaetogaster limnaei, and Chaetogaster diastrophus), but additional species have been described and prior molecular data suggests that there is cryptic diversity within named species. To clarify the phylogenetic diversity of Chaetogaster, we generated the first molecular phylogeny of the genus using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from 128 worms collected primarily across North America and Europe. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the three commonly referenced species are a complex of 24 mostly cryptic species. In our dataset, Chaetogaster "diaphanus" is represented by two species, C. "limnaei" is represented by three species, and C. "diastrophus" is represented by 19 species. North American and European sequences are largely interspersed across the phylogeny, with four pairs of clades involving distinct North American and European sister groupings. Overall, our study demonstrates that the species di-versity of Chaetogaster has been underestimated and that carnivory has evolved at least twice in the genus. Chaetogaster is being used as a model for symbiotic evolution and the loss of regenerative ability, and our study indicates that researchers must be careful to identify which species of Chaetogaster they are working with in future studies.
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| 11. |
- Martin, P., et al.
(författare)
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Integrative species delimitation and phylogeny of the branchiate worm Branchiodrilus (Clitellata, Naididae)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256. ; 47:6, s. 727-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clitellate branchiate genus Branchiodrilus presently includes three nominal species with a mainly tropical distribution. A recent molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Naidinae suggested that species complexes may occur within the genus. In order to delimit species, we studied a total of 91 Branchiodrilus specimens collected in Asia, Africa and Europe; the genus is introduced in the latter area. We used an integrative approach, where genetic data were analysed for 42 specimens (single-locus and multiple-locus methods) and then compared with patterns shown by morphology. Ten Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units could be identified within Branchiodrilus, potentially representing 10 different species. Most of the delimited species are genetically well separated. In contrast, morphological scrutiny identified only three non-overlapping clusters of specimens, one of them grouping all specimens from the Palaearctic region and belonging to the same species. Other morphological groups are mostly consistent with the biogeographic distribution of species. The Oriental region harbours six species and might be the centre of origin from which Branchiodrilus species have dispersed and radiated. Two other species are present in the Afrotropical region, among them B.cleistochaeta newly obtained from the type locality and genetically characterized, but the presence of B.hortensis in Africa is queried. The taxonomic relevance of the morphological criteria traditionally used to distinguish nominal species is useless at the species level. B.hortensis and B.semperi are now considered as species inquirenda. To document the genital organs of species remains highly desirable, although hardly practicable for this species complex with a primarily asexual reproductive mode.
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| 12. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985
(författare)
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A case of total absence of yellow in the Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Australian Field Ornithology. - : BirdLife Australia, Ltd.. - 2206-3447. ; 33, s. 28-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An aberrantly coloured male Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis, lacking yellow pigment, is reported from the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria. This could be the first documented case of this colour aberration in the species.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A new Scandinavian Chamaedrilus species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae), with additional notes on others
- 2018
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 4521:3, s. 417-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chamaedrilus (earlier referred to as Cognettia) is a well-known genus of terrestrial and limnic enchytraeids, currently with 19 known species in the world. Some of its species are morphologically cryptic and can only be identified using genetic (DNA) information. Many of them reproduce asexually, and the prevalence of sexual mature individuals is generally low in the populations. Chamaedrilus asloae sp. nov. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) is described based on material from two rivers in Norway, one in Sweden, and from a wet deciduous forest in Denmark. With the material at hand, no morphological characters completely separate C. asloae from C. chalupskyi; none of the available specimens of the new species are sexually mature. However, four molecular markers (two mitochondrial, two nuclear) support that C. asloae is a distinct, separately evolved lineage, which is sister to a clade consisting of C. glandulosus and C. varisetosus. In this study, too, the fully developed sexual organs of C. chalupskyi and C. varisetosus are described and illustrated. © Copyright 2018 Magnolia Press.
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| 15. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Barcoding gap, but no support for cryptic speciation in the earthworm Aporrectodea longa (Clitellata: Lumbricidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mitochondrial DNA. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-1736 .- 1940-1744. ; 28:2, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA-barcoding, using the mitochondrial marker COI, has been found successful for the identification of specimens in many animal groups, but may not be suited for species discovery and delimitation if used alone. In this study, we investigate whether two observed COI haplogroups in the earthworm Aporrectodea longa correspond to two cryptic species or if the variation is intraspecific. This is done by complementing COI with two nuclear markers, ITS2 and Histone 3. The variation is studied using distance methods, parsimony networks and Bayesian coalescent trees, and the statistical distinctness of the groups is tested on gene trees using the genealogical sorting index, Rosenberg’s PAB and Rodrigo et al.’s P(RD). We also applied multilocus species delimitation based on the multispecies coalescence model. The two haplogroups were found in COI, and all tests except P(RD) found them to be significantly distinct. However, in ITS2, the same groups were not recovered in any analyses or tests. H3 was invariable in A. longa, and was, therefore, included only in the multilocus analysis, which preferred a model treating A. longa as one species over a model splitting it into two. We also compared two measurements of size, body length, and no. of segments between the groups. No difference in body length was found, and although a significant difference in no. of segments was noted the haplogroup with the lower mean showed both the highest and the lowest value. When combined, these results led us to the conclusion that there is no support for the separation of A. longa into two cryptic species. This study again highlights the importance of complementing mitochondrial barcodes with more data when establishing species boundaries.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic Clitellata: Molecular Species Delimitation of Clitellate Worms (Annelida): An Overview
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diversity. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-2818. ; 13:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods for species delimitation using molecular data have developed greatly and have become a staple in systematic studies of clitellate worms. Here we give a historical overview of the data and methods used to delimit clitellates from the mid-1970s to today. We also discuss the taxonomical treatment of the cryptic species, including the recommendation that cryptic species, as far as possible, should be described and named. Finally, we discuss the prospects and further development of the field.
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| 18. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic diversity in supposedly species-poor genera of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata).
- 2018
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 183:4, s. 749-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a two-step workflow, we test the species boundaries in three genera of enchytraeid worms, Globulidrilus, Hemifridericia and Stercutus (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae), which contains one to three nominal species each. For the species discovery phase, DNA barcode-based clustering analyses in ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) are performed, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) data. The clusters from these analyses are then used as input in the species validation phase, where multispecies coalescent-based multilocus species delimitation analyses are performed in BPP (Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography) using nuclear Histone 3 (H3) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) data. For all BPP analyses, several species delimitation arrangements are included in the 95% credibility interval, and no complete sets of species are well supported. However, we conclude that our data set comprises at least seven species of Globulidrilus, all attributed to the nominal morpho-species G. riparius, three species of Hemifridericia, whereof two are cryptic lineages within H. parva and one is H. bivesiculata, and at least six species of the previously monotypic Stercutus. The species are not formally described here due to a lack of mature specimens of many of them in combination with low support for some of them in the genetic analyses. However, this is the first step towards a better understanding of the diversity within these groups.
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| 19. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic diversity in the well-studied terrestrial worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-4056. ; 57:1, s. 27-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terrestrial worm Cognettia sphagnetorum has been used as a model in several studies focusing on research areas such as climate change as well as forest and soil ecology; it has also been shown to play a key role in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling. Cognettia is an enchytraeid genus commonly found in acidic terrestrial habitats, such as coniferous forests and bogs. In this study, the diversity of the genus, with particular focus on the morphospecies C. sphagnetorum in northern Europe, is assessed using four molecular markers, the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and16S (16S ribosomal RNA), and the nuclear H3 (Histone 3) and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer). The datasets were first delimited into Molecular Operational Units (MOTUs) and the existence of global barcoding-gaps was tested. Single gene-trees were then estimated for all genes using Bayesian Inference, and a species tree was estimated with all markers combined using the multi-species coalescence. The results show that in northern Europe the genus consists of at least eight MOTUs supported by all genes except H3. Four of these MOTUs were within the morphotaxon C. sphagnetorum and two within Cognettia glandulosa. C. sphagnetorum s.l. was found to be non-monophyletic in all gene-trees, as well as in the species tree. As the MOTUs were well separated and non-monophyly was observed within C. sphagnetorum s.l., we conclude that the MOTUs are best treated as separate species. Given that cryptic diversity was found in this genus, we recommend that material of Cognettia used in future studies should be identified using molecular barcodes.
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| 20. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic speciation and limited hybridization within Lumbricus earthworms (Clitellata: Lumbricidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 106, s. 18-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryptic mitochondrial (mt) lineages are known to exist in the earthworm morphospecies Lumbricus rubellus and L. terrestris. The latter was recently split into two species, L. terrestris and L. herculeus, based on large genetic distances and a statistical difference in body size. There is support for the separation of some lineages in L. rubellus into species, whereas other lineages, separated by similar mt genetic distances, have been found to be part of the same species. However, no study has evaluated the status of the cryptic mt lineages in L. terrestris-L. herculeus and L. rubellus using nuclear genes. We use a combination of methods to reveal extensive cryptic speciation and limited hybridization in Lumbricus, based on one nuclear (H3) and one mitochondrial (COI) marker. Using a Bayesian multi-locus species delimitation method, as well as single gene haplotype networks and gene trees, we delimit seven well supported cryptic species within the morphospecies L. rubellus, and confirm the split within the species-pair L. terrestris-L. herculeus. Limited hybridization was found between the most common species of L. rubellus (A) in northern Europe and two other species (B and H) in this complex, as well as between L. terrestris and L. herculeus. Deep mt divergence was found within L. terrestris s.str. but no support for further splitting of this taxon was found. Both L. rubellus and L. terrestris are well studied model organisms, and considering that cryptic species and hybridization were found within them, it is important that they are properly identified in future studies.
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| 21. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution and genetic diversity of two earthworms, Helodrilus oculatus and Satchellius mammalis (Clitellata: Lumbricidae) in Scandinavia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fauna Norvegica. - : Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library. - 1502-4873 .- 1891-5396. ; 41, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the Scandinavian distribution of two earthworm species, Helodrilus oculatus and Satchellius mammalis. Both appear relatively new to the Scandinavian Peninsula, as they were not included in the monographic revisions of the earthworm fauna of Sweden and Norway in the mid-1900s. We provide recent records of both species from Norway and Sweden, H. oculatus also from Denmark, and haplotype networks of four markers (COI, 16S, H3, and ITS2) are used to visualise the genetic diversity within each species. There is moderate genetic variation in COI for both taxa, and for H. oculatus, there is a West-East division between the specimens from Norway, Gothenburg (western Sweden) and Bavaria (Germany), and the ones from eastern Sweden and the Bornholm island (easternmost Denmark). This could potentially be explained by different origin and colonisation routes. In the other markers the variation is limited, and in the nuclear genes no pattern to support this split is seen. We also analyse the phylogenetic positions of H. oculatus and S. mammalis in the family Lumbricidae by combining our data (including also some 12S, 18S and 28S sequences) with a published dataset. We conclude that neither Helodrilus nor Satchellius are monophyletic. Helodrilus oculatus (type species of Helodrilus), however, forms a clade with some of its current congeners.
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| 22. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA-barcoding of invasive European earthworms (Clitellata: Lumbricidae) in south-western Australia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 17:9, s. 2527-2532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using DNA-barcoding, we studied the diversity of invasive European earthworms in the south-western corner of Australia. We found six Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units belonging to five morphospecies: Aporrectodea caliginosa, A. trapezoides, Dendrobaena cf. attemsi, Eiseniella tetraedra and Octolasion cyaneum. These were variously collected from indigenous forests and/or alienated land. Two cryptic lineages were found within A. trapezoides, and high intraspecific genetic variation was also found within E. tetraedra-variation that had previously been documented in Europe. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of DNA-barcoding for the identification of earthworms, including cryptic species. Correct identification and high taxonomic resolution is crucial for the monitoring of cryptic diversity, detecting new introductions and monitoring spread of established exotic earthworms.
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| 23. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985
(författare)
-
Exploring the species boundaries in terrestrial clitellates (Annelida: Clitellata)
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The biological diversity in the soil is much higher than most people can imagine, and a very important group of animals living there are earthworms and other clitellate worms. It has been found that several clitellate morphospecies are in fact complexes of so called cryptic species, and the number of species in this group may be much higher than previously believed. In this thesis, I explore the species boundaries of terrestrial clitellates by combining various data sources and methods as a basis for taxonomical decisions. A widely used approach for studying cryptic species is DNA-barcoding, where a single standardised marker is used for the identification of organisms and discovering new species. For animals, the marker generally used is the mitochondrial COI gene. In the thesis, I present four different cases, from three different clitellate families: 1) A variety of Rhyacodrilus falciformis was shown to be a distinct species, whereas other COI clusters were found to be part of the same species. 2) Extensive cryptic diversity was found in the genus previously known as Cognettia, a group that includes C. sphagnetorum, a well-studied model in soil biology. This taxon and C. glandulosus were both found to be complexes of cryptic species. The generic taxonomy of Cognettia was revised and the genus split into its two senior synonyms, Euenchytraeus and Chamaedrilus, and the species in the C. sphagnetorum complex were revised and described. 3) In the earthworm Aporrectodea longa, two well separated COI lineages were found to be part of the same species. 4) In the earthworm genus Lumbricus, the previously noted split between L. terrestris and L. herculeus was verified using nuclear data, and in the morphospecies L. rubellus seven cryptic species were found. The first evidence of limited hybridisation within the genus was also found, between L. terrestris and L. herculeus, as well as and between species within L. rubellus s.lat. To conclude, I have shown that the species diversity among terrestrial clitellates is larger than previously known based on morphology, and that species can be robustly delimited using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers, supported with morphology. I have also found that using DNA-barcoding alone will often overestimate the number of clitellate species, and caution is required when using it.
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| 24. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybridisation and species delimitation of Scandinavian Eisenia spp. (Clitellata: Lumbricidae)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1164-5563. ; 88, s. 41-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The earthworms Eisenia fetida and E. andrei are closely related and can hybridise under laboratory conditions, but it is not known if they hybridise under more natural conditions. The two species are genetically well separated, but within E. fetida there is also a deep split forming two well separated mitochondrial lineages. In the present study, 69 Eisenia worms from 23 outdoor (or indoor) composts or other human affected habitats in Sweden and Norway are analysed, using three molecular markers, Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI), the large 28S ribosomal subunit (28S), and Histone 3 (H3). We confirmed that E. fetida and E. andrei are separate species and, in most cases, are separated by both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and that the two lineages of E. fetida indeed comprise a single, panmictic species despite the deep mitochondrial divergence. We did find evidence of historical hybridisation between E. andrei and E. fetida, but only in four of the 69 specimens studied.
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| 25. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrative taxonomy of the freshwater worm Rhyacodrilus falciformis s.l. (Clitellata: Naididae), with the description of a new species
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256. ; 42:6, s. 612-622
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic and morphological variation within Rhyacodrilus falciformis Bretscher, 1901 (Clitellata: Naididae) in Europe was explored using an integrative approach, with three unlinked genetic markers [the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the nuclear histone 3 (H3) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS)] combined with morphology, to investigate whether this taxon constitutes a single or several species. Using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery on the COI data set, the specimens were divided into seven clusters, used as hypothetical species that were further tested with the other data sources. Single-gene trees were estimated for all three markers, using coalescence analysis and they were in many parts incongruent with each other. Only one of the clusters was supported by all trees; it was also morphologically differentiated from the other clusters by the shape of its modified penial chaetae. This group consists of two specimens from the Crotot Cave in south-eastern France, and morphologically they fit a previously described but invalid variety, ‘pigueti’, which is here described as a new species, Rhyacodrilus pigueti Achurra & Martinsson sp. n. The study highlights the fact that a single data source (e.g. COI barcodes) seldom provides a sufficient basis for taxonomic decisions such as species delimitation.
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| 26. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Katatopygia gen. n., a monophyletic branch segregated from Boletina (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: ZooKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2970 .- 1313-2989. ; :175, s. 37-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Katatopygia gen. n. is proposed for the Boletina erythropyga/punctus-group that was first introduced by Garrett (1924, 1925) and currently comprises eight described species. Molecular studies have strongly indicated that this group forms a monophyletic sister-group to a clade consisting of all other Boletina, Coelosia and Gnoriste, and its monophyly is supported by morphological data as well. The new genus includes the following species: Katatopygia antoma (Garrett, 1924), comb. n., Katatopygia antica (Garrett, 1924), comb. n., Katatopygia erythropyga (Holmgren, 1883), comb. n., Katatopygia hissarica (Zaitzev & Polevoi, 2002), comb. n., Katatopygia magna (Garrett, 1925), comb. n., Katatopygia laticauda (Saigusa, 1968), comb. n., Katatopygia neoerythropyga (Zaitzev & Polevoi, 2002), comb. n. and Katatopygia sahlbergi (Lundstrom, 1906), comb. n., all transferred from Boletina. K sahlbergi is found to be a senior synonym of Boletina punctus Garrett, 1925, syn. n. A phylogeny based on morphological data and using parsimony analysis yielded four most parsimonious trees where the new genus is retrieved as monophyletic with high support. Katatopygia neoerythropyga is found to be the sister-taxon to all other species that form two clades, one with K sahlbergi-like species and one with K. erythropyga-like species. A key to males of Katatopygia is provided.
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| 27. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985
(författare)
-
Nya fynd av rödlistade och sällsynta platthornsmyggor (Diptera: Keroplatidae) från Svenska Malaisefälleprojektet. : Rare and redlisted fungus gnats in the family Keroplatidae (Diptera: Mycetophiliformia) from the Swedish Malaise Trap Project
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. ; 131:3, s. 194-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New records for some rare and redlisted species of fungus gnats in the family Keroplatidae recorded in the Swedish Malaise Trap Project are given. Asindulum nigrum Latreille, 1805 is reported from the province of Uppland, from were it was considered gone; Rutylapa ruficornis (Zetterstedt, 1851), previously considered regionally extinct, is reported from Östergötland for the first time; Urytalpa atriceps (Edwards, 1913) is reported for the first time from Småland; Urytalpa trivittata (Lundström, 1914) is reported for the first time from Härjedalen; Urytalpa galdes Hedmark & Kjaerandsen, 2009 is reported from a second locality in Lule lappmark from where it was recently described.
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| 28. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
On the identity of Chamaedrilus glandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :501, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The taxonomy of Chamaedrilus glandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) s. l., most commonly known previously as Cognettia glandulosa, is revised. A recent molecular systematic study has shown that this taxon harbours two cryptic, but genetically well separated lineages, each warranting species status. In this study these two lineages are scrutinized morphologically, on the basis of Michaelsen's type material as well as newly collected specimens from Central and Northern Europe. Chamaedrilus glandulosus s. s. is redescribed and Chamaedrilus varisetosus sp. n. is recognized as new to science. The two species are morphologically very similar, differing mainly in size, but seem to prefer different habitats, with Chamaedrilus glandulosus being a larger aquatic species, and Chamaedrilus varisetosus being smaller and mainly found in moist to wet soil.
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| 29. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Placing the forgotten: On the positions of Euenchytraeus and Chamaedrilus in an updated enchytraeid phylogeny (Clitellata : Etraeidae)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Invertebrate Systematics. - 1445-5226 .- 1447-2600. ; 31:1, s. 85-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogeny of Enchytraeidae was re-estimated to establish the relationships of the now resurrected Chamaedrilus and Euenchytraeus and to confirm their status as separate taxa. The former Cognettia (Enchytraeidae) was recently revised and split into its two senior synonyms, Chamaedrilus and Euenchytraeus, with the majority of the species transferred to Chamaedrilus. Euenchytraeus was re-established for three species sharing a unique anatomical trait, but has never before been represented in any phylogenetic study. We included representatives from 21 (of 33) valid enchytraeid genera and used three mitochondrial and four nuclear genes. The dataset (4164 base pairs) was analysed using multi-species coalescent (MSC) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Chamaedrilus (represented by eight species) and Euenchytraeus (represented by Eu. clarae) were found in a clade together with the monotypic Stercutus. Chamaedrilus was found to be monophyletic with maximum support in both analyses. The ML tree supported Euenchytraeus and Chamaedrilus as sister groups, whereas the MSC tree placed Euenchytraeus together with Stercutus, both with low support. A Bayes factor test weakly supported Euenchytraeus and Chamaedrilus as sister groups over Euenchytraeus + Stercutus. Possible morphological synapomorphies for these genera are discussed, and we conclude that Chamaedrilus and Euenchytraeus are closely related, but their status as separate genera is justified.
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| 30. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Revision of Cognettia (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): re-establishment of Chamaedrilus and description of cryptic species in the sphagnetorum complex
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 13:3, s. 257-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oligochaete worm, Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejdovský, 1878), is widely used as a model organism in soil biology, and therefore it is important that its taxonomy is firmly established. A previous study based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers showed that this taxon is an assemblage of at least four species that do not form a monophyletic group. Also the validity of the genus Cognettia Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 is subject to debate, since the existence of two putative senior synonyms, Euenchytraeus Bretscher, 1906 and Chamaedrilus Friend, 1913 has been pointed out. Herein we revise the generic assignment of the species currently placed in Cognettia: two species, C. clarae Bauer, 1993 and C. piperi Christensen and Dózsa-Farkas, 1999, are transferred to Euenchytraeus, together with its type Eu. bisetosus Bretscher, 1906, whereas the remaining species, including Cognettia sphagnetorum, are being transferred to Chamaedrilus. Five species within the Chamaedrilus sphagnetorum complex are revised: the type species of Chamaedrilus, Ch. chlorophilus Friend, 1913, as well as the type species of Cognettia, Ch. sphagnetorum s. str. are redescribed, and a neotype is designated for the latter; and the cryptic species Ch. pseudosphagnetorum sp. nov. and Ch. chalupskyi sp. nov. are described as new to science and discussed against a paratype of Ch. valeriae (Dumnicka, 2010) comb. nov. DNA-barcodes are provided for all the named species in the complex except Ch. valeriae. A key to the species in the complex is given and the value of different somatic characters for separating and identifying species of Chamaedrilus is discussed. No morphological feature seems to distinguish Ch. sphagnetorum from Ch. pseudosphagnetorum. Thus, for a reliable identification of these species, molecular methods, e.g. DNA barcoding, are recommended.
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| 31. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Species delimitation and phylogeny of Doto (Nudibranchia: Dotidae) from the Northeast Atlantic, with a discussion on food specialization
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0947-5745 .- 1439-0469. ; 59:8, s. 1754-1774
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nudibranch genus Doto is taxonomically problematic in particular, and some species are described on the notion of strict monophagy. Here we perform species delimitation on NE Atlantic species, as well as placing them phylogenetically, using two markers: the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear H3. We also study the morphology of the species including radular ultrastructure and review food specificity. Specimens were first divided into potential species using ABDG on both markers, these groups were used as input species for species delimitation analyses using BPP, and analyses were performed with both markers combined and on H3 only. The analyses delimit 11 and eight species, respectively. With the exception of one species for which only COI was available, the differences are found in D. fragilis, which is split into three groups when COI is included and lumped into one with only H3. Doto hystrix is nested within these groups. We also found that specimens from Sweden seemingly close to D. maculata in external morphology have identical sequences as D. coronata. Analysis of food preferences of the species involved in the study contradicts the notion of strict monophagy within Doto.
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| 32. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing species hypotheses for Fridericia magna, an enchytraeid worm (Annelida: Clitellata) with great mitochondrial variation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Deep mitochondrial divergences were observed in Scandinavian populations of the terrestrial to semi-aquatic annelid Fridericia magna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). This raised the need for testing whether the taxon is a single species or a complex of cryptic species. Results A total of 62 specimens from 38 localities were included in the study, 44 of which were used for species delimitation. First, the 44 specimens were divided into clusters using ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) on two datasets, consisting of sequences of the mitochondrial markers COI and 16S. For each dataset, the worms were divided into six not completely congruent clusters. When they were combined, a maximum of seven clusters, or species hypotheses, were obtained, and the seven clusters were used as input in downstream analyses. We tested these hypotheses by constructing haplowebs for two nuclear markers, H3 and ITS, and in both haplowebs the specimens appeared as a single species. Multi-locus species delimitation analyses performed with the Bayesian BPP program also mainly supported a single species. Furthermore, no apparent morphological differences were found between the clusters. Two of the clusters were partially separated from each other and the other clusters, but not strongly enough to consider them as separate species. All 62 specimens were used to visualise the Scandinavian distribution, of the species, and to compare with published COI data from other Fridericia species. Conclusion We show that the morphospecies Fridericia magna is a single species, harbouring several distinct mitochondrial clusters. There is partial genetic separation between some of them, which may be interpreted as incipient speciation. The study shows the importance of rigorous species delimitation using several independent markers when deep mitochondrial divergences might give the false impression of cryptic speciation.
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| 33. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat genus Boletina (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256. ; 40:3, s. 272-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boletina is a species rich genus of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a mainly Holarctic distribution. The systematics within the genus has gained little attention and this is a first attempt to shed some light over the systematics of Boletina and to test the segregation of the genera Saigusaia and Aglaomyia from Boletina. The nuclear marker 28S and mitochondrial 16S, COI and CytB were amplified and sequenced for 23 taxa that were analysed separately and together with a broad sample of outgroup taxa obtained from GenBank, where also 18S sequences were added. Phylogenies were estimated using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and parsimony. We strengthen the hypothesized sister-group relationship between Docosia and Boletina, but the genus Boletina as currently delimited appears to be paraphyletic and nested in a clade together with Aglaomyia, Coelosia and Gnoriste. The genus Saigusaia, on the other hand, seems to be well separated from Boletina. The Boletina erythropyga species group is consistently found as a distinct basal clade within Boletina s.l. The results obtained are otherwise ambiguous both for the taxa in focus and in some analyses globally with a statistically supported total breakdown of the traditional higher classification into tribes, subfamilies and even families. Interestingly, this breakdown almost disappeared when additional 18S sequences were added.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Rota, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Green light to an integrative view of Microscolex phosphoreus (Duges, 1837) (Annelida: Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 4496:1, s. 175-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small synanthropic and peregrine earthworm Microscolex phosphoreus (Duges, 1837) is reported for the first time from Siberia. Morphological and DNA barcode (COI) analyses of this and widely separate samples worldwide demonstrate that, as currently identified, M. phosphoreus is a heterogeneous taxon, with divergent lineages occurring often in the same locality and hardly providing geographically structured genetic signals. The combined morphological and genetic evidence suggests that at least four of the found clades should be reclassified as separate species, both morphologically and genetically distinct from each other. However, as the specimen number was limited and only the COI gene was studied for the genetic work, we hesitate in formally describing new species. There would also be the problem of assigning the available names to specific lineages. Our findings encourage careful external and anatomical examination and using reliable characters such as the interchaetal distances and spermathecal morphology for correct identification and for deeper evaluation of cryptic diversity in this interesting bioluminescent worm.
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| 36. |
- Rota, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Mitochondrial evidence supports a Nearctic origin for the spreading limicolous earthworm Sparganophilus tamesis Benham, 1892 (Clitellata, Sparganophilidae)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Contributions to Zoology. - : Brill. - 1383-4517 .- 1875-9866. ; 85:1, s. 113-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analysed samples of Sparganophilus taken at the corners of its distribution area in Europe (UK, Germany and Italy). No mitochondrial genetic divergence within and amongst them was found, neither in COI nor in 16S. Further, the COI haplotype was also identical to two sequences from Ontario, Canada in the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) database. Our European COI and 16S sequences showed only minimal differentiation (only 1 or 2 substitutions) from specimens newly collected in Illinois and Washington states (USA), as well as from a COI haplotype from Tennessee (USA) in BOLD. An additional COI haplotype from Illinois (found in BOLD) is 2.1% different from the other haplotypes but clearly belongs to the same lineage of Sparganophilus. This geographically broad but genetically compact group fits the morphological diagnosis of S. tamesis Benham, 1892 as revised by Jamieson (1971) and is seen as evidence that all European populations 1) belong to the same species, 2) derive from a recent introduction, 3) are con specific with the most widespread species of Sparganophilus in North America, and that 4) S. tamesis is a senior synonym of S. eiseni Smith, 1895. The single European haplotype does not refute the possibility of its spread from a single introduced source population.
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| 37. |
- Rota, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Two new bioluminescent Henlea from Siberia and lack of molecular support for Hepatogaster (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 18:3, s. 291-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two bioluminescent enchytraeids, Henlea petushkovi sp. n. and Henlea rodionovae sp. n., are described from the Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk regions in Eastern Siberia. These large potworms exhibit the typical light-production pattern reported repeatedly in the genus and recently elucidated by Russian researchers in its main biophysical and biochemical aspects. Morphology and DNA indicate that the two species are very closely related, but clearly divergent in the strength of the body wall (thick and opaque in H. petushkovi), structure of the prostomium (in H. rodionovae unprecedentedly wrinkled and mobile), brain shape (almost equilateral in H. petushkovi), size of coelomocytes (60–85 μm in H. petushkovi) and structure of intestinal diverticula (tulip-shaped in H. petushkovi, apple-shaped in H. rodionovae). Limited hybridization seems to occur between them, supported by a single case of conflict between COI and morphology, and a few intermediate morphotypes were noted in greenhouse populations. The new species are phylogenetically distant from all known congeners so far DNA-barcoded, even those that, like them, respond to the diagnosis of the putative subgenus Hepatogaster Čejka, 1910 (multitubular gut diverticula in VIII, indented brain, dorsal blood vessel from IX, prominent spermathecal glands, and nephridia from 5/6). In fact, our phylogenetic analyses dismiss Hepatogaster as an artificial (polyphyletic) taxon. Issues related to the definition of H. nasuta (Eisen, 1878), H. ochracea (Eisen, 1878) and H. irkutensis Burov, 1929, three species originally described from Siberia, indicate that Henlea taxonomy is still in a state of flux, as regards not only species interrelationships but also species definitions.
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| 38. |
- Schmelz, Rüdiger, et al.
(författare)
-
How to deal with cryptic species in Enchytraeidae, with recommendations on taxonomical descriptions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 48:Suppl 2, s. 45-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 12th International Symposium on Enchytraeidae, held in Tihany, Hungary (27–29 June 2016), the participants discussed cryptic species, i.e., species that are morphologically so similar that they are classified as the same species (Bickford et al. 2007), and how to deal with them taxonomically. Here we summarise the discussion together with a few additional comments, and we give recommendations for species descriptions in Enchytraeidae.
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| 39. |
- Seesamut, Teerapong, et al.
(författare)
-
Global species delimitation of the cosmopolitan marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855)
- 2024
-
Ingår i: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) is widely distributed and is reported as a single species. This study utilized an integrative taxonomic approach based upon morphological examination, phylogenetic reconstruction, and molecular species delimitation, to test whether the taxon is a single species or a species complex. For this, a total of 114 P. litoralis specimens collected from North America, Africa, Australia and Oceania, Europe and Asia were used. The phylogenetic analyses revealed deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages and a high level of genetic diversity among P. litoralis populations. Both single and multi-locus species delimitation analyses yielded several molecular operational taxonomic units. Therefore, due to the homogeneity of morphological characteristics, it is likely that the morphospecies P. litoralis is a complex of four or more cryptic species, suggesting that more sampling is required and that the population structure genetic data and gene flow need to be investigated.
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| 40. |
- Srinivasan, Sivabalan, et al.
(författare)
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On the identity and phylogenetic position of Dero indica (Clitellata: Naididae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-3088 .- 1336-9563. ; 75, s. 1685-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identity and validity of the freshwater worm Dero indica (Clitellata: Naididae; Naidinae) has been debated, and it has been suggested that it is likely to be identical with D. digitata. In this study we combine a newly generated COI sequence of D. indica with available sequences from GenBank, to estimate the phylogeny of Dero using both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. The trees show that D. indica is well separated from D. digitata, instead it isclosest to D. vaga, but with low support. Furthermore, the analyses confirm the close relationship between Dero and Branchiodrilus found in previous studies, and indicates the presence of cryptic species in D. furcata and D. digitata.
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| 41. |
- Timm, Tarmo, et al.
(författare)
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Oligochaeta (Annelida) of the profundal of Lake Hazar (Turkey), with description of Potamothrix alatus hazaricus n. ssp.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 3716:2, s. 144-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake Hazar is an alkaline oligotrophic lake of tectonic origin, located in the Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey, 1248 m a.s.l. Its surface area is 80 km2, the average depth 93 m and maximum depth 205 m. The lake and its surroundings are under protection as a region of historical value. During the present study (2007–2012), samples were taken from 15 stations located at a depth of 2–200 m. Oligochaeta comprised 69% of the total invertebrate abundance. The profundal oligochaete fauna was found to consist of only three tubificid taxa, all of the subfamily Tubificinae. Potamothrix alatus hazaricus Timm & Arslan, n. ssp. was dominating anywhere down to maximum depths while Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube) and Ilyodrilus(?) sp. occurred seldom. All three are new records for Lake Hazar. Potamothrix alatus hazaricus shares the "winged" body shape in its genital region with the nominal, brackish-water subspecies P. a. alatus Finogenova, 1972, and the lateral position of the spermathecal pores and the shape of the ventral chaetae with the freshwater subspecies P. a. paravanicus Poddubnaja & Pataridze, 1989 known from Transcaucasian lakes. The mitochondrial COI barcoding gene suggests long separation between the two taxa, but the nuclear ITS region shows no variation. The generic position of Ilyodrilus (?) sp. remains obscure since its internal genitalia could not be studied.
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| 42. |
- Torii, Takaaki, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and genetic characterization of the first Species of Thalassodrilides (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae: Limnodriloidinae) from Japan
- 2016
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Ingår i: Species Diversity. - : Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology. - 1342-1670 .- 2189-7301. ; 21:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A species of marine limnodriloidine oligochaete, Thalassodrilides cf. briani Erséus, 1992 , is recorded from gravelly sand sediments of the subtidal zone in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The present material agrees with the original description of T. briani, which was first found at Hong Kong, with the exception that the copulatory sacs are oval; not slender. Despite the lack of genetic data for the Hong Kong population, we conclude that the Japanese specimens are conspecific with it, or at least very closely related, based on morphological considerations. This is the first record of the genus Thalassodrilides Brinkhurst and Baker, 1979 in Japan. The phylogenetic relationships between T. cf. briani and three other species of Thalassodrilides are estimated, based on partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the complete nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, using two members of the closely related genus Doliodrilus Erséus, 1984 as outgroups. The genetic analysis shows that T. cf. briani is a species delimited by both mitochondrial and nuclear data, and clearly separated from at least its closely related congeners in the Northwest Atlantic (Caribbean and adjacent areas).
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| 43. |
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