| 1. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical, thermal, and structural investigations of chemically strengthened Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Materials. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-8016. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a series of conventional soda-lime-silicate glasses with increasing Al2O3 content, we investigated the thermal, mechanical, and structural properties before and after K+-for-Na+ ion-exchange strengthening by exposure to molten KNO3. The Al-for-Si replacement resulted in increased glass network polymerization and lowered compactness. The glass transition temperature (T (g)), hardness (H) and reduced elastic modulus (E (r)), of the pristine glasses enhanced monotonically for increasing Al2O3 content. H and E (r) increased linearly up to a glass composition with roughly equal stoichiometric amounts of Na2O and Al2O3 where a nonlinear dependence on Al2O3 was observed, whereas H and E (r) of the chemically strengthened (CS) glasses revealed a strictly linear dependence. T (g), on the other hand, showed linear increase with Al-for-Si for pristine glasses while for the CS glasses a linear to nonlinear trend was observed. Solid-state Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed the sole presence of AlO4 groups in both the pristine and CS glasses. Na-23 NMR and wet-chemical analysis manifested that all Al-bearing glasses had a lower and near-constant K+-for-Na+ ion exchange ratio than the soda-lime-silicate glass. Differential thermal analysis of CS glasses revealed a "blurred " glass transition temperature (T (g)) and an exothermic step below T (g); the latter stems from the relaxation of residual compressive stresses. The nanoindentation-derived hardness at low loads and n(M O-(2))/n(Al2O3) & AP; 1 for the CS glasses, which is attributed to an increased elastic energy recovery that is linked to the glass compactness.
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| 2. |
- Mathew, Renny, 1982-
(författare)
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Composition-Structure Correlations of Bioactive Glasses Explored by Multinuclear Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD thesis presents a study of structure-composition correlations of bioactive glasses (BGs) by employing solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Silicate-based Na2O−CaO−SiO2−P2O5 BGs are utilized clinically and are extensively investigated for bone regeneration purposes. Once implanted in the human body, they facilitate bone regeneration by partially dissolving in the body fluids, followed by the formation of a biomimetic surface-layer of calcium hydroxy-carbonate apatite (HCA). Eventually, the implanted BG totally integrates with the bone. The bioactivity of melt-prepared BGs depends on their composition and structure, primarily on the phosphorus content and the average silicate-network connectivity (NC). We explored these composition-structure relationships for a set of BGs for which the NC and phosphorus contents were varied independently.The short-range structural features of the glasses were explored using 29Si and 31P magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. 31P MAS NMR revealed that the orthophosphate content is directly proportional to the total P content of the glass, with a linear correlation observed between the orthophosphate content and the silicate network connectivity. The bearings of the results for future BG design are discussed.By using multiple-quantum coherence-based 31P NMR experiments, the spatial distribution of orthophosphate groups was probed in the melt prepared BGs, as well as in two mesoporous bioactive glasses prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. The results evidence randomly distributed orthophosphate groups in the melt-prepared BGs, whereas the pore-walls of the mesoporous bioactive glasses constitute nanometer-sized clusters of calcium phosphate. The distribution of Na+ ions among the phosphate/silicate groups were studied by heteronuclear dipolar-based 23Na−31P NMR experiments, verifying that sodium is dispersed nearly randomly in the glasses.The phosphorus and proton environments in biomimetically grown HCA were investigated by using 1H and 31P MAS NMR experiments. Our studies revealed that the biomimetic HCA shared many local structural features with synthetic and well-ordered hydroxy-apatite.
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| 3. |
- Mathew, Renny, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Na/Ca Intermixing around Silicate and Phosphate Groups in Bioactive Phosphosilicate Glasses Revealed by Heteronuclear Solid-State NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 119:17, s. 5701-5715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We characterize the intermixing of network-modifying Na+/Ca2+ ions around the silicate (QSin) and phosphate (QPn) tetrahedra in a series of 16 Na2O–CaO–SiO2–P2O5 glasses, whose P content and silicate network connectivity were varied independently. The set includes both bioactive and bioinactive compositions and also encompasses two soda-lime-silicate members devoid of P, as well as two CaO–SiO2 glasses and one Na2O–SiO2–P2O5 glass. The various Si/P↔Na/Ca contacts were probed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with heteronuclear magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimentation utilizing 23Na{31P} and 23Na{29Si} REDOR, as well as 31P{ 23Na} and 29Si{23Na} REAPDOR. We introduce an approach for quantifying the extent of Na+/Ca2+ ordering around a given QPn or QSin group, encoded by the preference factor 0⩽ PM ⩽ 1 conveying the relative weights of a random cation intermixing (PM = 0) and complete preference/ordering (PM = 1) for one of the species M, which represents either Na+ or Ca2+. The MD-derived preference factors reveal phosphate and silicate species surrounded by Na+/Ca2+ ions intermixed nearly randomly (PM ≲ 0.15), except for the QSi4 and QSi1 groups, which manifest more significant cation ordering with preference for Na+ and Ca2+, respectively. The overall weak preferences are essentially independent of the Si and P contents of the glass, whereas PM primarily correlates with the total amount of network modifiers: as the latter is increased, the Na/Ca distribution around the {QP0, QSi1, QSi2} groups with preference for Ca2+ tend to randomize (i.e., PCa decreases), while the PNa-values grow slightly for the {QP1, QSi3, QSi4} species already preferring coordination of Na. The set of experimental preference factors {PCa} for the orthophosphate (QP0) groups extracted from 31P{23Na} REAPDOR NMR-derived M2(P–Na) dipolar second moments agrees well with the MD-generated counterparts. Our results on the Na/Ca intermixing in soda-lime-silicate glasses are discussed in relation to previous reports, highlighting the dependence of the conclusion on the approach to data evaluation.
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| 4. |
- Mathew, Renny, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Metadynamics Simulations Reveal the Atomistic Binding of ʟ-Serine and O-Phospho-ʟ-Serine at Disordered Calcium Phosphate Surfaces of Biocements
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 34:19, s. 8815-8830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between biomolecules and structurally disordered calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces are crucial for the regulation of bone mineralization by noncollagenous proteins, the organization of complexes of casein and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in milk, as well as for structure–function relationships of hybrid organic/inorganic interfaces in biomaterials. By a combination of advanced solid-state NMR experiments and metadynamics simulations, we examine the detailed binding of O-phospho-l-serine (Pser) and l-serine (Ser) with ACP in bone-adhesive CaP cements, whose capacity of gluing fractured bone together stems from the close integration of the organic molecules with ACP over a subnanometer scale. The proximity of each carboxy, aliphatic, and amino group of Pser/Ser to the Ca2+ and phosphate species of ACP observed from the metadynamics-derived models agreed well with results from heteronuclear solid-state NMR experiments that are sensitive to the 13C–31P and 15N–31P distances. The inorganic/organic contacts in Pser-doped cements are also contrasted with experimental and modeled data on the Pser binding at nanocrystalline HA particles grown from a Pser-bearing aqueous solution. The molecular adsorption is driven mainly by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged carboxy/phosphate groups and Ca2+ cations of ACP, along with H bonds to either protonated or nonprotonated inorganic phosphate groups. The Pser and Ser molecules anchor at their phosphate/amino and carboxy/amino moieties, respectively, leading to an extended molecular conformation across the surface, as opposed to an “upright standing” molecule that would result from the binding of one sole functional group.
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