| 1. |
- Kraufvelin, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Essential fish habitats (EFH) : conclusions from a workshop on the importance, mapping, monitoring, threats and conservation of coastal EFH in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many fish species in the Baltic Sea are highly dependent on shallow and sheltered coastal habitats that they use for spawning, nursery, feeding and migration. Still, the role of these essential fish habitats (EFH) for the development and support of fish stocks and communities has received relatively little attention, even though there is general consensus among scientists about their critical importance. Little is also known about the major threats to EFH, and their conservation status in different countries has previously not been reviewed. As EFH often are found in the same parts of the coastal zone that are also highly valued by humans, this gap in knowledge needs to be addressed. Hence, there is an urgent need to focus more thoroughly on the importance, mapping, monitoring and protection of EFH and also the driving factors and mechanisms behind the changes we observe in their status. Only this way, we will be able to predict and mitigate future effects of environmental change in these valuable habitats and to create adaptive management plans. The main objectives of this project were to 1) organize a workshop for experts around the Baltic Sea on the importance, protection of and threats to coastal EFH (including an overview of the methods used for the mapping and monitoring of these habitats), and 2) based on the outcome of the workshop, produce a review paper in an international scientific journal about the state of the art of the subject for the Baltic Sea, including knowledge gaps and future research needs. Here, we report the results of the project, focusing on the outcome of the workshop. From the workshop (organised during 2nd-4th June 2015 in öregrund, Sweden) we conclude that there are only few quantitative studies available concerning the importance of EFH for fish stocks. This evidence is in turn quite complex and do not necessarily provide straightforward answers. Nevertheless, for some coastal species, indirect evidence exists and sufficient data are also available to carry out further quantitative analyses. More evidence on the role of EFH for fish production could potentially also be achieved using spatial and temporal data analyses, stage-structured modelling and otolith chemistry techniques. Based on qualitative results/analyses, it can be reasoned that EFH are very important and valuable for the provisioning of rich fish communities and for fish production. This conclusion is reached, despitethe still quite low degree of targeted studies that are focusing explicitly on the role of the habitats and that are providing straight quantitative relationships. Most likely the importance of these habitats has been underestimated in the past and more studies could contribute to pinpoint their ecological importance. For the monitoring and mapping aspects of EFH in Baltic Sea countries, a lot of data seems to be available. Different sampling methods are used for a wide range of both coastal and offshore species and life stages (from eggs, larvae, YOY (young of the year) to adult fish). The use of these data in producing habitat maps has for long been poor, but the situation is now improving rapidly in many countries as a result of national and regional underwater mapping and inventory programs. In this sense, not only habitat mapping and mapping of fish distribution (fish in different life stages) are of importance. Also the mapping of major threats, pressures and environmental background conditions should be performed. This would ensure maximum availability and optimized use of information necessary for efficient management and for the improvement of marine spatial planning. The threats to and conservation status of EFH suggest urgent and diverse management solutions. Eutrophication, climate change, coastal construction and development, invasive species and fishery seem to constitute the major threats to the habitats. Among these threats, the physical pressures, including for example marine shipping/boat traffic and its associated infrastructure (like dredging), physical exploitation of shore areas and trawl fishery, tend to be more easily manageable. These activities disturb fish habitats both directly and indirectly, and are typically more serious to fish reproduction and juvenile stages. The conservation status of EFH is generally poor, mainly due to that fisheries management and nature conservation in the Baltic Sea region historically have been separated. Internationally, however, many marine ecological studies have shown how mutual benefits may be reached through an integrated management of fisheries and habitats. This gives EFH a central role in management, merging the interests of fisheries management and habitat protection, and simultaneously attracting a lot of scientific interest to associated research questions. The results of the current project hence suggest that there are data for quantitative analyses to support the role of EFH for fish production, a potential to initiate, develop and synchronize future monitoring and mapping of the habitats, and that there is an increasing awareness for the protection and increased concern for the sustainability of these shallow coastal systems. The outcome of this project could serve as a basis for improving cooperation between Baltic Sea countries in this field, which in the long run could result in both harmonized monitoring and mapping methods of the EFH in the Baltic Sea and a strengthened management. The work also provides important input for developing indicators to assess the status of EFH and for the implementation of international agreements and legislative acts as the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), the Habitats Directive (HD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
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| 2. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 3. |
- Ahonen, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Back Pain and Quality of Life 10 Years After Segmental Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 48:10, s. 665-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design.Comparative cohort study. Objective.The aim of the present study was to evaluate pain and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in surgically managed patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years compared with patients with untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a healthy control group. Summary of Background Data.Posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screws is the standard treatment for AIS, although it remains unclear whether this procedure results in improved long-term HRQoL compared with untreated patients with AIS. Patients and Methods.Sixty-four consecutive patients at a minimum follow-up of 10 years, who underwent posterior pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS were prospectively enrolled. Fifty-three (83%) of these patients completed Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) 24 questionnaires, clinical examination, and standing spinal radiographs. Pain and HRQoL were compared with age and sex-matched patients with untreated AIS and healthy individuals. Results.The mean major curve was 57 degrees preoperatively and 15 degrees at the 10-year follow-up. SRS-24 self-image domain score showed a significant improvement from preoperative to 2 years and remained significantly better at the 10-year follow-up (P < 0.001). Patients fused to L3 or below had lower pain, satisfaction, and total score than patients fused to L2 or above (P < 0.05), but self-image, function, and activity scores did not differ between groups at 10-year follow-up. Pain, self-image, general activity, and total SRS domains were significantly better at 10-year follow-up in the surgically treated patients as compared with untreated patients (all P < 0.05). Healthy controls had significantly higher total scores than those surgically treated at 10-year follow-ups (P < 0.001). Conclusion.Patients undergoing segmental pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS maintain high-level HRQoL during a 10-year follow-up. Their HRQoL was significantly better than in the untreated patients with AIS, except for the function domain. However, HRQoL remained at a lower level than in healthy controls.
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| 4. |
- Almqvist, Gustaf, 1972-
(författare)
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Round goby Neogobius melanostomus in the Baltic Sea – Invasion Biology in practice
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human mediated transfer of non-indigenous species is considered to be a major threat to global biodiversity. The Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), which has established populations in various regions in Eurasia and North-America, was first observed in Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea, in 1990. In this thesis the round goby is used as case study for assessing the invasion process of an alien species in to the Baltic Sea. Factors governing life history characteristics, traits that have enhanced the invasion, and ecological consequences for the Baltic Sea are assessed. Two diverging life history strategies of the round goby related to habitat were found: one to-wards early maturation and short population turnover time in sheltered areas, the other towards high growth rate and late maturation in exposed areas. Females produced two batches in average during the spawning season. Lengths of spawning season and annual fecundity of round gobies in Gulf of Gdańsk were in the same range as in the donor region. The species was found to compete with juvenile flounder for space and food resources, and probably also other native species are affected in coastal areas. Round goby comprised a main food source for cod and perch, forming a new energetic pathway between mussels and predatory fish. It is predicted that the species must produce more than one batch per season to sustain a viable population. Low temperature in the northern Baltic Sea is expected to hamper the devel-opment of new round goby populations, however, the global climate change might change this situation. In the southern Baltic Sea a shortage of optimal reproduction habitats is suggested to moderate the rate of spread. Although round goby in the Gulf of Gdańsk seems to have passed abundance maximum it is likely that the species will continue to be an important ecosystem component, at least in southern Baltic Sea, in the future.
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| 5. |
- Arjonen, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Mutant p53-associated myosin-X upregulation promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 124:3, s. 1069-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations of the tumor suppressor TP53 are present in many forms of human cancer and are associated with increased tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Several mechanisms have been identified for promoting dissemination of cancer cells with TP53 mutations, including increased targeting of integrins to the plasma membrane. Here, we demonstrate a role for the filopodia-inducing motor protein Myosin-X (Myo10) in mutant p53-driven cancer invasion. Analysis of gene expression profiles from 2 breast cancer data sets revealed that MYO10 was highly expressed in aggressive cancer subtypes. Myo10 was required for breast cancer cell invasion and dissemination in multiple cancer cell lines and murine models of cancer metastasis. Evaluation of a Myo10 mutant without the integrin-binding domain revealed that the ability of Myo10 to transport 131 integrins to the filopodia tip is required for invasion. Introduction of mutant p53 promoted Myo10 expression in cancer cells and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice, whereas suppression of endogenous mutant p53 attenuated Myo10 levels and cell invasion. In clinical breast carcinomas, Myo10 was predominantly expressed at the invasive edges and correlated with the presence of TP53 mutations and poor prognosis. These data indicate that Myo10 upregulation in mutant p53-driven cancers is necessary for invasion and that plasma-membrane protrusions, such as filopodia, may serve as specialized metastatic engines.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bondia-Pons, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolome and fecal microbiota in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for weight : a Big Mac challenge
- 2014
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 28:9, s. 4169-4179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postprandial responses to food are complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. We studied postprandial responses to a Big Mac meal challenge in monozygotic co-twins highly discordant for body weight. This unique design allows assessment of the contribution of obesity, independent of genetic liability. Comprehensive metabolic profiling using 3 analytical platforms was applied to fasting and postprandial serum samples from 16 healthy monozygotic twin pairs discordant for weight (body mass index difference >3 kg/m(2)). Nine concordant monozygotic pairs were examined as control pairs. Fecal samples were analyzed to assess diversity of the major bacterial groups by using 5 different validated bacterial group specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods. No differences in fecal bacterial diversity were detected when comparing co-twins discordant for weight (ANOVA, P<0.05). We found that within-pair similarity is a dominant factor in the metabolic postprandial response, independent of acquired obesity. Branched chain amino acids were increased in heavier as compared with leaner co-twins in the fasting state, but their levels converged postprandially (paired t tests, FDR q<0.05). We also found that specific bacterial groups were associated with postprandial changes of specific metabolites. Our findings underline important roles of genetic and early life factors in the regulation of postprandial metabolite levels.
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| 8. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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External nutrient loading from land, sea and atmosphere to all 656 Swedish coastal water bodies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 114:2, s. 664-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying the main sources of nutrient loading is a key factor for efficient mitigation of eutrophication. This study has investigated the pathways of external nutrient loading to 656 coastal water bodies along the entire Swedish coastline. The studied water bodies have been delineated to meet requirements in the European Union's Water Framework Directive, and recent status assessments have shown that 57% of them fail to attain good or high ecological status with respect to nutrients. The analysis in the study was performed on data from mass balance based nutrient budgets computed using the modelling framework Vattenwebb. The external nutrient contribution from the sea to the water bodies was highly variable, ranging from about 1% to nearly 100%, but the median contribution was >99% of the total external loading regarding both nitrogen and phosphorus. External loading from the atmosphere and local catchment area played a minor role in general. However, 45 coastal water bodies received >25% of the external nitrogen and phosphorus from their catchments. Loading from land typically peaked in April following ice-break and snow melting and was comparatively low during summer. The results indicate that for many eutrophicated Swedish coastal water bodies, nutrient abatement is likely to be optimally effective when potential measures in all of the catchment area of the concerned sea basin are considered. Local-scale mitigation in single water bodies will likely be locally effective only in the small proportion of areas where water and thereby also nutrient input from the catchment is high compared to the influx from the sea. Future studies should include nutrient reduction scenarios in order to refine these conclusions and to identify relevant spatial scales for coastal eutrophication mitigation measures from a water body perspective.
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| 9. |
- Engström-Öst, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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The indirect effects of eutrophication on habitat choice and survival of fish larvae in the Baltic Sea
- 2007
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 151:1, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of the habitat is usually crucial for growth and survival of young life stages. Presently, some nursery areas of fish larvae are changing due to eutrophication, e.g. due to enhanced growth of ephemeral filamentous algae at the expense of perennial species. We studied the influence of two habitats, one with filamentous algae (Cladophora glomerata) and the other with bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus), on habitat choice of pike larvae (Esox lucius) in the absence/presence of a predator or a competitor. We further tested whether the habitat choice is adaptive in increasing survival under predation threat. In contrast to expectations, pike larvae preferred the habitat with ephemeral filamentous algae to the bladder wrack, thriving in clean waters, independent of the presence/absence of both predator/competitor. In addition, the survival of the larvae was higher in the filamentous algae in the presence of predators, which suggested that the habitat preference of the larvae was adaptive. The structure of the bladderwrack habitat was probably too open for newly hatched larvae, which implies that F. vesiculosus and other large brown algae are not as important refuges for young larvae as previously thought.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al.
(författare)
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Declines in predatory fish promote bloom-forming macroalgae.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 19:8, s. 1975-1988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Baltic Sea, increased dominance of ephemeral and bloom-forming algae is presently attributed to increased nutrient loads. Simultaneously, coastal predatory fish are in strong decline. Using field data from nine areas covering a 700-km coastline, we examined whether formation of macroalgal blooms could be linked to the composition of the fish community. We then tested whether predator or nutrient availability could explain the field patterns in two small-scale field experiments, by comparing joint effects on algal net production from nutrient enrichment with agricultural fertilizer and exclusion of larger predatory fish with cages. We also manipulated the presence of invertebrate grazers. The abundance of piscivorous fish had a strong negative correlation with the large-scale distribution of bloom-forming macroalgae. Areas with depleted top-predator communities displayed massive increases in their prey, small-bodied fish, and high covers of ephemeral algae. Combining the results from the two experiments showed that excluding larger piscivorous fish: (1) increased the abundance of small-bodied predatory fish; (2) changed the size distribution of the dominating grazers, decreasing the smaller gastropod scrapers; and (3) increased the net production of ephemeral macroalgae. Effects of removing top predators and nutrient enrichment were similar and additive, together increasing the abundance of ephemeral algae many times. Predator effects depended on invertebrate grazers; in the absence of invertebrates there were no significant effects of predator exclusion on algal production. Our results provide strong support for regional declines of larger predatory fish in the Baltic Sea promoting algal production by decreasing invertebrate grazer control. This highlights the importance of trophic interactions for ecosystem responses to eutrophication. The view emerges that to achieve management goals for water quality we need to consider the interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes in future ecosystem management of marine resources.
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| 11. |
- Herlevi, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental abundances of the non-native round goby Neogobius melanostomus influence feeding of native fish predators
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 102:6, s. 1340-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors assessed the importance of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus as prey for three native predatory fish species, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, European perch Perca fluviatilis and northern pike Esox lucius, in a northern and southern area of the Baltic Proper, using a combination of visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding of predator stomach contents. To explore the influence of environmental abundances of N. melanostomus on predation, they related the occurrence of N. melanostomus in predator diets to its abundance in survey fishing. Gadus morhua and E. lucius in the southern area showed the highest tendency to feed on N. melanostomus when it was abundant, as N. melanostomus occurred in up to 100% of stomachs and constituted up to 88% of the total diet volume proportion. The diet contribution of N. melanostomus was associated with N. melanostomus abundances for G. morhua and E. lucius, and when N. melanostomus was abundant, these predators exhibited lower prey richness and a higher degree of piscivory. G. morhua and P. fluviatilis also fed less on crustacean prey when N. melanostomus was abundant. The high importance of N. melanostomus in diets of native fish predators may modify indirect interactions between N. melanostomus and native prey species in invaded coastal communities.
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| 12. |
- Kraufvelin, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Essential coastal habitats for fish in the Baltic Sea
- 2018
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 204, s. 14-30
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many coastal and offshore fish species are highly dependent on specific habitat types for population maintenance. In the Baltic Sea, shallow productive habitats in the coastal zone such as wetlands, vegetated flads/lagoons and sheltered bays as well as more exposed rocky and sandy areas are utilized by fish across many life history stages including spawning, juvenile development, feeding and migration. Although there is general consensus about the critical importance of these essential fish habitats (EFH) for fish production along the coast, direct quantitative evidence for their specific roles in population growth and maintenance is still scarce. Nevertheless, for some coastal species, indirect evidence exists, and in many cases, sufficient data are also available to carry out further quantitative analyses. As coastal EFH in the Baltic Sea are often found in areas that are highly utilized and valued by humans, they are subjected to many different pressures. While cumulative pressures, such as eutrophication, coastal construction and development, climate change, invasive species and fisheries, impact fish in coastal areas, the conservation coverage for EFH in these areas remains poor. This is mainly due to the fact that historically, fisheries management and nature conservation are not integrated neither in research nor in management in Baltic Sea countries. Setting joint objectives for fisheries management and nature conservation would hence be pivotal for improved protection of EFH in the Baltic Sea. To properly inform management, improvements in the development of monitoring strategies and mapping methodology for EFH are also needed. Stronger international cooperation between Baltic Sea states will facilitate improved management outcomes across ecologically arbitrary boundaries. This is especially important for successful implementation of international agreements and legislative directives such as the Baltic Sea Action Plan, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Habitats Directive, and the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive, but also for improving the communication of information related to coastal EFH among researchers, stakeholders, managers and decision makers. In this paper, efforts are made to characterize coastal EFH in the Baltic Sea, their importance and the threats/pressures they face, as well as their current conservation status, while highlighting knowledge gaps and outlining perspectives for future work in an ecosystem-based management framework. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Kuparinen, Jorma, et al.
(författare)
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Food web structure and function in the Gulf of Bothnia, the Baltic Sea
- 1996
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Ingår i: Ambio. - Stockholm : Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; , s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve the spatio-temporal information of ecological variables, a multidisciplinary joint study between Finnish and Swedish marine scientists was conducted in the Gulf of Bothnia, 1991. The study corroborated previous reports, suggesting a markedly lower phytoplankton production and biomass of benthic fauna in the Bothnian Bay than in the Bothnian Sea, However, contrary to the general view, the offshore carbon fixation in the Bothnian Sea exceeded that at the corresponding coastal station. The results further indicated a greater importance of bacterioplankton production to the food web in the Bothnian Bay than previously assumed. The total carbon requirement of bacteria and zooplankton was estimated to exceed carbon fixation by a factor of 1.7 in the northern basin, possibly a result of the discharge of riverine organic carbon. Diversity and biomass of both fish and benthic fauna were lower in the Bothnian Bay, with benthic meiofauna being of relatively greater importance than macrofauna in this basin.
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| 14. |
- Kurko, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Imbalance of plasma amino acids, metabolites and lipids in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 65:9, s. 1361-1375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI [MIM 222700]) is an aminoaciduria with defective transport of cationic amino acids in epithelial cells in the small intestine and proximal kidney tubules due to mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. LPI is characterized by protein malnutrition, failure to thrive and hyperammonemia. Many patients also suffer from combined hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an unknown etiology.METHODS: Here, we studied the plasma metabolomes of the Finnish LPI patients (n=26) and healthy control individuals (n=19) using a targeted platform for analysis of amino acids as well as two analytical platforms with comprehensive coverage of molecular lipids and polar metabolites.RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that LPI patients have a dichotomy of amino acid profiles, with both decreased essential and increased non-essential amino acids. Altered levels of metabolites participating in pathways such as sugar, energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism were observed. Furthermore, of these metabolites, myo-inositol, threonic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, galactaric acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and beta-aminoisobutyric acid associated significantly (P<0.001) with the CKD status. Lipid analysis showed reduced levels of phosphatidylcholines and elevated levels of triacylglycerols, of which long-chain triacylglycerols associated (P<0.01) with CKD.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed an amino acid imbalance affecting the basic cellular metabolism, disturbances in plasma lipid composition suggesting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and novel metabolites correlating with CKD in LPI. In addition, the CKD-associated metabolite profile along with increased nitrite plasma levels suggests that LPI may be characterized by increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, altered microbial metabolism in the intestine and uremic toxicity.
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| 15. |
- Lindegarth, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the Potential for Predictive Modeling and Mapping and Extending Its Use as a Tool for Evaluating Management Scenarios and Economic Valuation in the Baltic Sea (PREHAB)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 43:1, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated performance of species distribution models for predictive mapping, and how models can be used to integrate human pressures into ecological and economic assessments. A selection of 77 biological variables (species, groups of species, and measures of biodiversity) across the Baltic Sea were modeled. Differences among methods, areas, predictor, and response variables were evaluated. Several methods successfully predicted abundance and occurrence of vegetation, invertebrates, fish, and functional aspects of biodiversity. Depth and substrate were among the most important predictors. Models incorporating water clarity were used to predict increasing cover of the brown alga bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus and increasing reproduction area of perch Perca fluviatilis, but decreasing reproduction areas for pikeperch Sander lucioperca following successful implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Despite variability in estimated non-market benefits among countries, such changes were highly valued by citizens in the three Baltic countries investigated. We conclude that predictive models are powerful and useful tools for science-based management of the Baltic Sea.
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| 16. |
- Ljunggren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment failure of coastal predatory fish in the Baltic Sea coincident with an offshore ecosystem regime shift
- 2010
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 67:8, s. 1587-1595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominant coastal predatory fish in the southwestern Baltic Sea, perch and pike, have decreased markedly in abundance during the past decade. An investigation into their recruitment at 135 coastal sites showed that both species suffered from recruitment failures, mainly in open coastal areas. A detailed study of 15 sites showed that areas with recruitment problems were also notable for mortality of early-stage larvae at the onset of exogenous food-intake. At those sites, zooplankton abundance predicted 83 and 34% of the variation in young of the year perch and pike, respectively, suggesting that the declines were caused by recruitment failure attributable to zooplankton food limitation. Incidences of recruitment failure match in time an offshore trophic cascade that generated massive increases in planktivorous sprat and decreases in zooplankton biomass in the early 1990s. Therefore, sprat biomass explained 53% of the variation in perch recruitment from 1994 to 2007 at an open coastal site, where three-spined stickleback also increased exponentially after 2002. The results indicate that the dramatic change in the offshore ecosystem may have propagated to the coast causing declines of the dominating coastal predators perch and pike followed by an increase in the abundance of small-bodied fish.
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| 17. |
- Marcano, Alejandro I., et al.
(författare)
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Income change after cruciate ligament injury - A population-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Knee (Oxford). - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0160 .- 1873-5800. ; 26:3, s. 603-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the association between choice of treatment and patients' income after cruciate ligament (CL) injury and assess the effect of different covariates such as sex, age, comorbidities and type of work.Methods: This entire-population cohort study in Sweden included working patients with a diagnosed CL injury between 2002 and 2005, identified in The National Swedish Patient Register (n = 13,662). The exposure was the treatment choice (operative or non-operative treatment). The main outcome measure was average yearly income five years after CL diagnosis, adjusted for the following covariates: sex, age, comorbidities, type of work, region, calendar year, education and income.Results: Relative to non-operative treatment, operative treatment was associated with greater average yearly incomes (nine to 15%) after injury among patients between 20 and 50 years, patients with partial university education, patients living in large cities and patients with one comorbidity, despite no overall significant association in the national cohort. Delayed operative treatment (>1 year) had no significant association with income change, whereas early operative treatment (<1 year) was associated with higher average yearly incomes (11 to 16%) among females, patients between 20 and 50 years, patients living in large cities and patients with one comorbidity.Conclusions: In a broad sense, treatment choice was not associated with changes in income five years after CL injuries among patients in the workforce, however earlier operative treatment was associated with higher average incomes among patients with ages between 20 and 50, females, living in large cities, with one comorbidity and with a high level of education.
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| 18. |
- Mattila, Johanna
(författare)
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A laboratory study of potential effects of the invasive round goby on nearshore fauna of the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Aquatic Invasions. - : Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre Oy (REABIC). - 1798-6540 .- 1818-5487. ; 11, s. 327–335-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Baltic Sea, species diversity is relatively low and the introduction of new predator species can have large direct and indirect impacts on native species - both prey and potential competitors. The alien round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811 was introduced to the Baltic Sea in the early 1990s and is now well-established. We examined the feeding habits of male round gobies from the Åland Islands, Finland, where round gobies were first recorded in 2011. Specifically, we tested whether small round gobies (≤165 mm TL) showed size and/or species preferences (using Manly's selectivity index) for two abundant bivalve prey items, the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 and the Baltic clam Macoma balthica Linnaeus, 1758. When offered two sizes of clams, small round gobies did not show a prey preference. When offered two sizes of mussels, round gobies selected for small mussels (6 - 9 mm) and against large (10 - 13 mm) mussels. When offered both bivalve species and sizes simultaneously (four prey options), round gobies selected for small blue mussels and against large clams. Combined, these results suggest that small round gobies will selectively feed on the preferred prey if available and if not, their feeding will reflect the availability of various prey items in the environment. In addition, round gobies consumed small (≤ 38 mm TL) individuals of the native flounder Platichthys flesus Linnaeus, 1758. Round goby and flounder have the potential to overlap in habitat use and previous literature has suggested a diet overlap between the two; however, this is the first evidence of direct predation on flounder by round gobies.
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| 19. |
- Mattila, Johanna
(författare)
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Ecosystem goods, services and management
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400706675 ; , s. 609-643
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Mattila, Johanna
(författare)
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Effects of turbidity on prey choice of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 566, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fishes largely depend on visual cues to collect information from their surroundings. In many aquatic habitats, algal turbidity has become an imminent environmental concern. Algal turbidity reduces visibility and may therefore interact with prey preference by altering prey detection and foraging behaviour of predators. We investigated the effects of algal turbidity on prey choice decisions of 3-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus in 2 experiments manipulating turbidity levels (clear < 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU] in Expt 1; clear < 1 and 15 NTU in Expt 2) and the proportion of prey items-large (1.8-2.0 mm) and small (0.8-1.0 mm) water fleas Daphnia magna. We found an overall negative effect of turbidity on prey consumption by stickleback. Prey selectivity was most pronounced in clear and 5 NTU water, whereas at higher turbidity levels, selectivity decreased. As the ratio of large to small prey increased, the fish became less selective. In addition, we found an interaction effect between turbidity and fish size on the total number of prey consumed. These results indicate that algal turbidity affects the prey choice decisions of sticklebacks, probably because turbidity limits their visual field. Consequently, as fish feed more randomly in turbid water, the structuring effect of fish predators on zooplankton communities will be reduced in turbid environments.
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| 21. |
- Mattila, Johanna
(författare)
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Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis growth and fish community structure, inside and outside a marine‐protected area in the Baltic Sea
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fisheries Management and Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0969-997X .- 1365-2400. ; 25, s. 172-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. and fish community structure between sites within a marine -protected area (MPA) and unprotected sites in the Baltic Sea were examined. Von Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompertz growth models were fitted to P. fluviatilis length at age data, and the logistic model was the most parsimonious for growth between locations. A larger mean maximum size (L.) and a smaller instantaneous growth rate (g) were found within the MPA. All three models also predicted that after age seven, fish inside the MPA would be larger. Community structure differed with more P. fluviatilis collected outside of the MPA, and more roach Rutilus rutilus (L) and bleak Alburnus alburnus (L.) collected inside the MPA. These growth differences may be indicative of recreational fishing effects on P. fluviatilis outside of the MPA, a result of complex interspecific and intraspecific species interactions, or other undetected environmental variation between locations.
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| 22. |
- Mattila, Johanna
(författare)
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Variations in the amount and composition of phosphorus in settling particles in the northern Baltic Sea archipelagos
- 2019
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Ingår i: Boreal Environment Research. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 24, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantification of the downward flux of phosphorus (P) in the water column is essential for understanding the fates and pathways of different P forms and to establish mass-balances in aquatic systems such as the Baltic Sea. In this study, we investigated the amount and composition of settling P in sediment trap material, as well as the seasonal and spatial variation of the material in four archipelago areas along the Swedish and Finnish coasts of the Baltic Proper. It was found that potentially mobile and immobile forms of P make up roughly equal shares of the total P in settling material, implying that, over time, around half of the settling P will be mobilized in the sediments. We also found substantial temporal and spatial variation in terms of amounts and composition of settling P that may partly be explained by differences in primary production and resuspension.
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| 23. |
- Mattila, Mirjami M., et al.
(författare)
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Androgen and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) downregulation of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) in mouse breast cancer cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8057 .- 0303-7207. ; 253:1-2, s. 36-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for androgen target genes responsible for malignant growth in S115 mouse mammary tumor cells we found that thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) expression was strongly downregulated by testosterone (Te). Experiments with cycloheximide suggested that Te repression of TSP1 was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. TSPI repression by Te was preceded by the induction of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) expression. FGF8 has previously been shown to mediate androgen effects on proliferation of S 115 cells by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. It has also been shown to increase breast cancer cell growth as tumors in nude mice and to stimulate tumor angiogenesis. We studied here the possibility that FGF8 belonged to the Te-induced de novo synthesized proteins that mediate the effect of Te on TSP1 expression in these cells. We found that addition of FGF8b to in vitro cultures or ectopic expression of FGF8b in S115 cells repressed TSP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels even in the absence of Te. FGF2, another angiogenic member of FGF family, also downregulated TSPI mRNA level in the in vitro cultures of S115 cells. The antisense oligonucleotides for FGF8 did not, however, prevent Te-repression of TSP1 mRNA expression and a neutralizing anti-FGF8b antibody only partially opposed Te induced downregulation of TSP1. These results suggest that both androgen and FGF8 inhibit TSP1 expression independently. They also suggest that opposite to many other androgen-induced responses in S115 cells, the effect of Te on the expression TSP1 is not mediated by FGF8.
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| 24. |
- Mattila, Mirjami M-T, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF-C induced lymphangiogenesis is associated with lymph node metastasis in orthotopic MCF-7 tumors
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 98:6, s. 946-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spread of cancer cells to regional lymph nodes through the lymphatic system is the first step in the dissemination of breast cancer. In several human cancers including those of the breast and prostate, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is associated with lymph node metastasis. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of VEGF-C on metastasis of poorly invasive, estrogen dependent human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 breast cancer cells transfected with VEGF-C (MCF-7-VEGF-C) were grown as tumors in the mammary fat pads of nude mice implanted with subcutaneous estrogen pellets. Tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies against lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor -1 (LYVE-1), VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), PECAM-1, pan-cytokeratin and estrogen dependent pS2 protein. Overexpression of VEGF-C in transfected MCF-7 cells stimulated in vivo tumor growth in xenotransplanted mice without affecting estrogen responsiveness. The resulting tumors metastasized to the regional lymph nodes in 75% (in 6 mice out of 8, Experiment I) and in 62% (in 5 mice out of 8, Experiment II) of mice bearing orthotopic tumors formed by MCF-7-VEGF-C cells whereas no metastases were observed in mice bearing tumors of control vector-transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-7-Mock). The density of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessels was increased in tumors derived from MCF-7-VEGF-C cells but not MCF-7-Mock cells. Taken together, our results show that VEGF-C overexpression stimulates tumor lymphangiogenesis and induces normally poorly metastatic estrogen-dependent MCF-7 tumors to disseminate to local lymph nodes. These data suggest that VEGF-C has an important role in lymph node metastasis of breast cancer even at its hormone-dependent early stage.
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| 25. |
- Mustamäki, Noora, et al.
(författare)
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Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) in Decline: High Mortality of Three Populations in the Northern Baltic Sea
- 2014
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 43, s. 325-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of three pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) populations in the northern Baltic Sea was monitored using standardized multimesh gillnets in 1995-2009. Declining trends in the abundances of pikeperch over 40 cm total length, low numbers of individuals older than 6 years, and high mortality rates were observed in all three populations. In the site with the largest commercial catches per unit area and a rapidly increased colony of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Blumenbach 1798), also the abundance of pikeperch below 40 cm total length and year-class strength showed declining trends. The adverse population level changes did not correlate with changes in water quality or eutrophication status. Together, the results suggest that in all study sites fisheries are harvesting a large proportion of the pikeperch soon after or even before reaching the maturity, and that predation from great cormorants may increase mortality of juveniles. Pikeperch is important not only for fisheries but also for ecosystem functioning, and our results point at the need for further management measures to ensure viable populations in the areas studied.
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| 26. |
- Nordenvall, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Choice of Treatment for Patients With Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the Knee : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 45:3, s. 535-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The socioeconomic status (SES) of patients has been widely recognized as playing an important role in many health-related conditions, including orthopaedic conditions, in which a higher SES has been associated with a higher utilization of more advanced medical treatments such as drugs, diagnostics, and surgery. However, the association between SES and cruciate ligament surgery has not been thoroughly investigated.Purpose:To evaluate the association between SES and choice of treatment in patients with a cruciate ligament injury.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:All Swedish patients with a diagnosed cruciate ligament injury between 1987 and 2010 were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (N = 98,349). The Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labor Market Studies (LISA) provided information on household income and highest achieved educational level, which were used as socioeconomic indices. The exposure was the SES of patients as determined by the household income and educational level, and the main outcome measure was treatment choice (surgical reconstruction vs nonoperative treatment). Poisson regression models estimated the association.Results:A total of 52,566 patients were included in the study; of these, 20,660 (39%) were treated operatively. Patients in the highest quartile of household income had a significantly higher likelihood of undergoing surgery than those in the lowest quartile (relative risk [RR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20). Patients classified as highly educated had a significantly increased likelihood of being treated operatively compared with those with a low education (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.39).Conclusion:This study provides a population-based validation that having a higher SES as determined by the household income and/or level of education increases the likelihood of undergoing operative treatment after a cruciate ligament injury.Clinical Relevance:All Swedish citizens are entitled by law to the same quality of health care; therefore, unmotivated differences in treatment between different socioeconomic groups are to be seen as a challenge. It is important to evaluate the specific mechanisms by which the patient's SES influences the decision of whether to treat a cruciate ligament injury operatively.
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| 27. |
- Orešič, Matej, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:10, s. 2266-2274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined whether analysis of lipids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to MS allows the development of a laboratory test for non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), and how a lipid-profile biomarker compares with the prediction of NAFLD and liver-fat content based on routinely available clinical and laboratory data.METHODS: We analysed the concentrations of molecular lipids by UPLC-MS in blood samples of 679 well-characterised individuals in whom liver-fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) or liver biopsy. The participants were divided into biomarker-discovery (n = 287) and validation (n = 392) groups to build and validate the diagnostic models, respectively.RESULTS: Individuals with NAFLD had increased triacylglycerols with low carbon number and double-bond content while lysophosphatidylcholines and ether phospholipids were diminished in those with NAFLD. A serum-lipid signature comprising three molecular lipids ('lipid triplet') was developed to estimate the percentage of liver fat. It had a sensitivity of 69.1% and specificity of 73.8% when applied for diagnosis of NAFLD in the validation series. The usefulness of the lipid triplet was demonstrated in a weight-loss intervention study.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The liver-fat-biomarker signature based on molecular lipids may provide a non-invasive tool to diagnose NAFLD, in addition to highlighting lipid molecular pathways involved in the disease.
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| 28. |
- Puttonen, Irma, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and estimated release of sediment phosphorus in the northern Baltic Sea archipelagos
- 2014
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 145, s. 9-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus contents in the sediments were determined in archipelago areas of the northern Baltic Sea (Svealand in Sweden and Aland, SW Finland and W Uusimaa in Finland) during 2008-2012. Spatial and vertical distribution of phosphorus was studied by analysing sediment samples from 345 stations of different seabed substrate types. A sequential extraction method was applied to evaluate the pool of the potentially mobile phosphorus, i.e., the amount of phosphorus that can be expected to be released from sediments to water with time, and possibly support primary production. In addition, vertical distribution of immobile phosphorus forms in the sediments was used as a tool to assess phosphorus burial. The uppermost 2 cm of sediments were calculated to contain 126,000 tonnes of phosphorus in the study area covering 19,200 km(2) of the seafloor. Subtracting the assumed average background content (i.e. that assumed to be buried) of this total phosphorus content gave an estimation of 31,000-37,000 tonnes of potentially mobile phosphorus at the sediment surface. Redox sensitive iron-bound phosphorus accounts for two thirds of this pool. Compared with the total phosphorus input from the catchment of the entire Baltic Sea 29,000 tonnes in 2009 it can be concluded that the store of phosphorus that can be released with time from the sediments is large, and that internal phosphorus recycling processes thus may play a key role in phosphorus fluxes in the coastal zone. Spreading of hypoxia in the future, as recent modelling and sediment proxy results suggest, is likely to severely deteriorate the water quality, particularly in the archipelago areas where the water exchange is slow.
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| 29. |
- Rinne, Henna, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and genetic variation of Fucus in the eastern Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of phycology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0967-0262 .- 1469-4433. ; 53:3, s. 369-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans (Phaeophyceae) are important habitat-formers on rocky shores in the Bothnian Sea. While both species occur sympatrically along the entire western Bothnian Sea coast, F. radicans has been found only in the northern part of the eastern coast. According to previous studies, the two species can be distinguished based on morphology, F. radicans having narrower thalli and a bushier appearance. However, marine mapping in the eastern Bothnian Sea has revealed that high morphological variation in Fucus, partly caused by gradients in salinity and exposure, makes differentiation between the two species difficult. We studied morphological and genetic variation to find out whether the two Fucus species can be differentiated in the south-eastern Bothnian Sea, and if F. radicans occurs in the area. The study was carried out in six subareas including 350 km of coast, witha salinity gradient of 3.5-6.5 PSU, and varying wave exposure. We found a gradual change towards smaller and narrower thalli and a higher number of holdfasts in Fucus populations when moving northwards to lower salinities. Distinct Fucus morphs were often found within the study sites but the morphs were genetically differentiated only at one study site in the Skaftung subarea, suggesting the occurrence of both species. However, in the Vasa subarea the sample size for analysing genetic differentiation was low due to high clonality. In the Luvia subarea south of Skaftung, Fucus morphology corresponded to that of F. radicans in earlier studies but the population was genetically more similar to F. vesiculosus in the southern subareas. We conclude that by using only morphological characteristics it is not possible to differentiate between the two species in central and northern parts of the eastern Bothnian Sea. Based on genetic analyses, the southernmost known occurrence of F. radicans in the eastern Bothnian Sea is in Skaftung.
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| 30. |
- Salo, Tiina, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term warming affects ecosystem functioning through species turnover and intraspecific trait variation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 129:2, s. 283-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of climate change on natural ecosystems can be mediated by ecological processes, but also by rapid evolutionary adaptations and/or non-heritable trait changes in organisms. So far, most studies testing the importance of inter- versus intraspecific changes for how communities and their functioning responds to climate change are either short-term laboratory experiments in highly controlled (artificial) environments, or long-term field surveys suffering from lack of experimental manipulation. Here, we quantified how community composition and functioning has changed in response to long-term warming, including the potential direct and indirect effects via immediate and delayed physiological, non-heritable plastic, ecological, evolutionary and eco-evolutionary responses. We used a site-for-time approach, sampling sites in an artificially heated basin and a nearby area to quantify how >30 years of experimental warming in situ affects benthic grazer communities and traits of grazer taxa, as well as their contribution to a key ecosystem function: grazing on filamentous algae. The community composition shifted with warming, because a non-native species was highly common, and taxa with higher mobility, became more common in the heated areas compared to the control sites. Warming altered community functioning but the underlying mechanisms varied between traits: increased metabolism was caused by intraspecific trait change, while increased grazing rate was mainly driven by species turnover. Our results suggest that both population- and community-level processes mediate the responses of natural communities to long-term environmental change, and that the ongoing warming of coastal waters is likely to alter the functioning of key marine ecosystems.
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| 31. |
- Snickars, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Habitat selectivity of substrate-spawning fish: modelling requirements for the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 398, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substrate spawning fish are believed to be selective in their choice of spawning habitat,yet few studies have shown the relative importance of different characteristics in terms of habitatquality. We used an extensive and detailed dataset to identify the factors that govern both large-scale(1 000 to 100 000 m) and local-scale (10 to 100 m) selection by a substrate-spawning fish, the Eurasian perchPerca fluviatilis L. Distribution of spawning habitat was strongly dependent on habitat characteristicsdefined by substrate, wave exposure, temperature and depth. The most important predictor was thetype of spawning substrate, which generally consisted of different types of vegetation. Substratesproviding rigidity and structural complexity were preferred, despite abundant presence of other substratetypes. Shallow depth and sheltered areas were also selected habitat characteristics. Theresponse to temperature was scale-dependent, with a stronger selection expressed at the local scale.The specific selectivity suggests that spawning patterns can be successfully modelled with sufficientdetail using only a few fundamental environmental variables. Wave exposure and depth are readilyavailable for large-scale spatial predictions, while temperature and substrate require further developmentin most coastal areas. The high specificity of the characteristics determining habitat qualitysuggests that it should be possible to apply this modelling approach for identification and conservationof spawning habitats of Eurasian perch and other substrate-spawning fishes in coastal waters.
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| 32. |
- Snickars, M., et al.
(författare)
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Species-environment relationships and potential for distribution modelling in coastal waters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 85, s. 116-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to increasing pressure on the marine environment there is a growing need to understand species-environment relationships. To provide background for prioritising among variables (predictors) for use in distribution models, the relevance of predictors for benthic species was reviewed using the coastal Baltic Sea as a case-study area. Significant relationships for three response groups (fish, macroinvertebrates, macrovegetation) and six predictor categories (bottom topography, biotic features, hydrography, wave exposure, substrate and spatiotemporal variability) were extracted from 145 queried peer-reviewed field-studies covering three decades and six subregions. In addition, the occurrence of interaction among predictors was analysed. Hydrography was most often found in significant relationships, had low level of interaction with other predictors, but also had the most non-significant relationships. Depth and wave exposure were important in all subregions and are readily available, increasing their applicability for cross-regional modelling efforts. Otherwise, effort to model species distributions may prove challenging at larger scale as the relevance of predictors differed among both response groups and regions. Fish and hard bottom macrovegetation have the largest modelling potential, as they are structured by a set of predictors that at the same time are accurately mapped. A general importance of biotic features implies that these need to be accounted for in distribution modelling, but the mapping of most biotic features is challenging, which currently lowers the applicability. The presence of interactions suggests that predictive methods allowing for interactive effects are preferable. Detailing these complexities is important for future distribution modelling.
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| 33. |
- Sysi-Aho, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic regulation in progression to autoimmune diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: PloS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent evidence from serum metabolomics indicates that specific metabolic disturbances precede β-cell autoimmunity in humans and can be used to identify those children who subsequently progress to type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms behind these disturbances are unknown. Here we show the specificity of the pre-autoimmune metabolic changes, as indicated by their conservation in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. We performed a study in non-obese prediabetic (NOD) mice which recapitulated the design of the human study and derived the metabolic states from longitudinal lipidomics data. We show that female NOD mice who later progress to autoimmune diabetes exhibit the same lipidomic pattern as prediabetic children. These metabolic changes are accompanied by enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, normoglycemia, upregulation of insulinotropic amino acids in islets, elevated plasma leptin and adiponectin, and diminished gut microbial diversity of the Clostridium leptum group. Together, the findings indicate that autoimmune diabetes is preceded by a state of increased metabolic demands on the islets resulting in elevated insulin secretion and suggest alternative metabolic related pathways as therapeutic targets to prevent diabetes.
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