| 1. |
- Mattsson, Titti, et al.
(författare)
-
Vad är äldrerätt?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Äldrerätt. Ett nytt rättsområde. - 9789139115403 ; , s. 15-24
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Numhauser-Henning, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Äldre på arbetsmarknaden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Äldrerätt : Ett nytt rättsområde - Ett nytt rättsområde. - 9789139115403 ; , s. 40-58
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 3. |
- Carling, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vacancies in metals : From first-principles calculations to experimental data
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 85:18, s. 3862-3865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have revealed, and resolved, an apparent inability of density functional theory, within the local density and generalized gradient approximations, to describe vacancies in Al accurately and consistently. The shortcoming is due to electron correlation effects near electronic edges and we show how to correct for them. We find that the divacancy in Al is energetically unstable and we show that anharmonic atomic vibrations explain the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the vacancy concentration.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gunnarsson, Gudjon, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibitory effect of known antioxidants and of press juice from herring (Clupea harengus) light muscle on the generation of free radicals in human monocytes
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 54:21, s. 8212-8221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress, which has been linked to various diseases. It has been suggested that antioxidant-rich foods can reduce such oxidative stress. However, the lack of suitable model systems to screen for in vivo effects of food-derived antioxidants has prevented a clear consensus in this area. In this study, the aim was to use a single-cell model system (human monocyte) to evaluate whether certain pure antioxidants and complex muscle extracts (herring light muscle press juice, PJ) could prevent ROS formation under in vivo like conditions. ROS were excreted from the monocytes upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and were then detected as isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Adding 2000 units of catalase and 50 units of superoxide dismutase to the monocytes model lowered the CL response by 35 and 86%, respectively. Ascorbate (14.1 mM) lowered the response by 99%, alpha-tocoperhol (188 microM) by 37%, and Trolox (50 microM) by almost 100%. Crude herring PJ gave a dose-dependent reduction in the CL response. At 10, 100, and 1000 times dilution, the PJ reduced the CL signal by 93, 60.5, and 10.6%. PJ fractionated into low molecular weight (LMW) (<1000 Da) and high molecular weight (>3500 Da) fractions decreased the CL response by 52.9 and 71.4%, respectively, at a 100-fold dilution. Evaluation of the PJ samples in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity test indicated that proteins may be the primary radical scavenging compounds of PJ, whereas the ROS-preventing effect obtained from the LMW fraction may also be attributed to other mechanisms. Thus, this study proved that the monocyte assay can be a useful tool for studying whether food-derived antioxidants can limit ROS production under physiologically relevant conditions. It also showed that herring contains numerous aqueous compounds demonstrating antioxidative effects in the monocyte model system.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 313:19, s. 1924-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early pathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD), starting decades before dementia onset. Estimates of the prevalence of amyloid pathology in persons without dementia are needed to understand the development of AD and to design prevention studies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Knutsen Rydberg, Ellen, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypoxia increases LDL oxidation and expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 in human macrophages
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. ; 24:11, s. 2040-2045
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Macrophage-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymes, such as the lipoxygenases, is considered of major importance for the formation of oxidized LDL during atherogenesis. Macrophages have been identified in hypoxic areas in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the role of hypoxia in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation, we incubated human monocyte-derived macrophages with LDL under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (0% O2) conditions. The results showed that hypoxic macrophages oxidized LDL to a significantly higher extent than normoxic cells. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) as well as the activity of this enzyme are elevated in macrophages incubated at hypoxia. Both the unspliced 15-LOX-2 and the spliced variant 15-LOX-2sv-a are found in macrophages. In addition, 15-LOX-2 was identified in carotid plaques in some macrophage-rich areas but was only expressed at low levels in nondiseased arteries. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these observations show for the first time that 15-LOX-2 is expressed in hypoxic macrophages and in atherosclerotic plaques and suggest that 15-LOX-2 may be one of the factors involved in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation at hypoxia.
|
|
| 7. |
- Li Zweifel, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 2: God miljöstatus och miljökvalitetsnormer
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsmiljöförordningens övergripande mål är att upprätthålla eller uppnå en god miljöstatus i de svenska förvaltningsområdena Nordsjön och Östersjön till år 2020. En av uppgifterna i den första förvaltningsperioden är att bestämma vad som kännetecknar god miljöstatus i respektive förvaltningsområde samt att ta fram miljökvalitetsnormer. God miljöstatus baseras på ett ramverk av så kallade deskriptorer som anges i havsmiljödirektivet, det vill säga det EU-direktiv som i Sverige genomförs genom havsmiljöförordningen. Deskriptorerna beskriver god miljöstatus på en övergripande nivå för 11 temaområden. Till varje deskriptor hör en rad kriterier som anger vad som ska ingå i en bedömning av miljöstatus. I Sverige har god miljöstatus formulerats för samtliga 29 kriterier som ska beaktas enligt direktivet. Dessa kvalitativa beskrivningar anger vad som kännetecknar god miljöstatus i Nordsjön och Östersjön. För att praktiskt bedöma om god miljöstatus har uppnåtts föreslås 37 nationella indikatorer. En uppsättning av indikatorer omfattar miljöns tillstånd och avspeglar ekosystemets komponenter i form av nyckelarter, samhällen, och livsmiljöer. En utgångspunkt vid val av indikatorer för miljöns tillstånd har varit koppling till de belastningar som i den inledande bedömningen av miljötillståndet i Nordsjön och Östersjön bedömts ha stor negativ påverkan på ekosystemet. En annan uppsättning indikatorer berör påverkan och belastning på miljön i form av tillförsel av näringsämnen och farliga ämnen, samt biologisk och fysisk störning av miljön. Tillsammans utgör indikatorerna ett verktyg för att följa utvecklingen av miljötillståndet och effekter av åtgärder i havsmiljön. Vid val av indikatorer har arbetet delvis utgått från existerande miljöövervakning och redan utvecklade indikatorer. Med denna utgångspunkt uppfylls en rad av havsmiljödirektivets krav, bland annat en god uppföljning av effekter av tillförsel av näringsämnen. Funktionella indikatorer, det vill säga indikatorer som utvärderats och för vilka god miljöstatus har definierats, saknas dock för tio av havsmiljödirektivets 29 kriterier. För uppföljning av biologisk mångfald saknas bland annat miljöövervakning och metoder för att bedöma livsmiljöers tillstånd. För att kunna bedöma fysiska skador på havsbotten saknas en övergripande sammanställning av information om aktiviteter som påverkar havsbottnar samt metodik för att bedöma effekterna. Det saknas också utvecklade indikatorer för det kriterium som berör uppföljning av storleks- och åldersstruktur hos fiskar. Brist på kunskap gör också att inga förslag på svenska indikatorer kan ges för effekter på levande organismer från marint avfall, undervattensbuller, och främmande arter samt att endast ett begränsat antal indikatorer tagits fram som speglar effekter av farliga ämnen. De indikatorer som fastställs i juli 2012 utgör således inte en slutlig lista för att följa upp havsmiljödirektivet. Bristerna kommer att beaktas i det fortsatta genomförandet av havsmiljöförordningen där nästa steg är att anpassa miljöövervakningsprogrammen till uppföljning av miljötillståndet med valda indikatorer senast år 2014 samt att ta fram åtgärdsprogram till år 2015. God miljöstatus ska uppnås genom tillämpning av miljökvalitetsnormer det vill säga rättsligt bindande regler som avspeglar den lägsta godtagbara miljökvaliteten i Nordsjön och Östersjön. För att nå god miljöstatus har elva svenska miljökvalitetsnormer formulerats. Dessa miljökvalitetsnormer omfattar belastning i form av näringsämnen, farliga ämnen, främmande arter, uttag av arter, fysisk påverkan på havsbottnar och avfall i havsmiljön. Målsättningen har varit att utforma miljökvalitetsnormer som motsvarar alla de belastningar som i den inledande bedömningen har identifierats ha en stor påverkan på miljön.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Mattsson, Ann E., et al.
(författare)
-
The AM05 density functional applied to solids
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 128:8, s. 084714-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the AM05 functional [Armiento and Mattsson, Phys. Rev. B 72, 085108 (2005)] has the same excellent performance for solids as the hybrid density functionals tested in Paier et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 124, 154709 (2006); 125, 249901 (2006)]. This confirms the original finding that AM05 performs exceptionally well for solids and surfaces. Hartree-Fock hybrid calculations are typically an order of magnitude slower than local or semilocal density functionals such as AM05, which is of a regular semilocal generalized gradient approximation form. The performance of AM05 is on average found to be superior to selecting the best of local density approximation and PBE for each solid. By comparing data from several different electronic-structure codes, we have determined that the numerical errors in this study are equal to or smaller than the corresponding experimental uncertainties. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
|
|
| 10. |
- Mattsson, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Normalization of Wastewater Quality to Estimate Infiltration/Inflow and Mass Flows of Metals
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of environmental engineering. - 0733-9372 .- 1943-7870. ; 142:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of wastewater varies between catchments due to variation in urbanisation, sewer system properties, and pollution levels. This study was conducted to identify wastewater quality parameters that could be normalized to estimate levels of infiltration/inflow (I/I) in selected catchments and to investigate the geographic origins of metals entering sewer systems. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in the five catchments of the Gothenburg area focusing on 14 water quality parameters. Data from a reference study on domestic wastewater quality to normalize the mass flows associated with pure domestic wastewater was applied. The level of dilution due to I/I in wastewater entering Rya Wastewater Treatment Plant, estimated using Tot-N and Tot-P as indicators, provided the closest fit among the water quality parameters with results obtained by established methods for the two campaigns. The results from the study also indicated which catchments generated nondomestic wastewater with higher mass flows of specified metals.
|
|
| 11. |
- Mattsson, Titti, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälso- och sjukvård för äldre
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Äldrerätt : Ett nytt rättsområde - Ett nytt rättsområde. - 9789139115403 ; , s. 105-121
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 12. |
- Wilen, Britt-Marie, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of sludge particle removal from wastewater by disc filtration
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Water Practice and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1751-231X. ; 7:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet stricter effluent discharge limits of total phosphorus, microscreens can be applied for tertiary effluent treatment. The Rya WWTP has recently been upgraded with microscreens in the form of disc filters. Extensive characterisation of the wastewater from different locations in the plant (influent, after primary settling) and secondary settler effluent, was performed to increase the understanding of the potential of removing different components from the wastewater. The wastewater was fractionated by filtration through filter cloths with pore sizes 40, 20, 15, and 10 µm and through finer filters with pore size 1.2, 0.45, 0.2 and 0.1 µm. Particle size analysis (PSA) was used to assess the removal efficiency of the filter cloths. High removal degrees were achieved were particles larger or equal in size to the pore size were strained. Some floc break-up took place leading to an increased number of small particles (1-5 µm) after filtration. The suspended solids concentration could be reduced to 1 mg/l with total phosphorus concentrations of
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Amato, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Literature review on STEM education
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Do Well Science. - Breslavia : Società Dante Alighieri. - 9788394521301 ; , s. 15-27
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Armiento, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsystem functionals in density-functional theory : Investigating the exchange energy per particle
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 66:16, s. 085108-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A viable way of extending the successful use of density-functional theory into studies of even more complex systems than are addressed today has been suggested by Kohn and Mattsson [W. Kohn and A. E. Mattsson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3487 (1998); A. E. Mattsson and W. Kohn, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 3441 (2001)], and is further developed in this work. The scheme consists of dividing a system into subsystems and applying different approximations for the unknown (but general) exchange-correlation energy functional to the different subsystems. We discuss a basic requirement on approximative functionals used in this scheme; they must all adhere to a single explicit choice of the exchange-correlation energy per particle. From a numerical study of a model system with a cosine effective potential, the Mathieu gas, and one of its limiting cases, the harmonic oscillator model, we show that the conventional definition of the exchange energy per particle cannot be described by an analytical series expansion in the limit of slowly varying densities. This indicates that the conventional definition is not suitable in the context of subsystem functionals. We suggest alternative definitions and approaches to subsystem functionals for slowly varying densities and discuss the implications of our findings on the future of functional development.
|
|
| 20. |
- Balashova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
New tephrostratigraphic data from Lake Emakat (northern Tanzania) : Implications for the eruptive history of the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of African Earth Sciences. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1464-343X .- 1879-1956. ; 147, s. 374-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The northern Tanzanian sector of the Gregory Rift is an area of an active continental rifting, in which sedimentation processes are strongly affected by volcanism. Due to limited stratigraphic exposure, the volcanic record of the region is rather sparse, and assigning volcanic centres for the individual eruptions is difficult. This study presents new data on the tephrostratigraphy of the sedimentary sequence of Lake Emakat, Empakaai Crater, northern Tanzania. Seven volcanic ash layers are identified and described from a 1.1-m core of lake sediments. Geochemical, mineralogical, petrographic and magnetic analyses show that: (1) all ash layers are products of highly explosive eruptions of melilite-bearing magmas; (2) most of the eruptions originate from a complex magmatic system; (3) all ash horizons are very well preserved in the lake environment; and (4) there are significant fluctuations of the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the lacustrine sediments which is related to microtephra from additional eruptions, the result of detritus, washed from the shore during periods of strong lake level fluctuations or periods of high erosion rates, or simply by the contamination by the material from the ash layers. Based on geochemistry and mineralogy of the seven identified ash layers in Lake Emakat, combined with the eruption ages from C-14 datings, we can pinpoint Oldoinyo Lengai volcano as the source of these specific layers. The combination of this new data with existing chronological data from Ryner et al. (2007), retrieved from the same core, provides precise ages of the voluminous highly explosive eruptions in this region of East Africa during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
|
|
| 21. |
- Balashova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Lake Natron Footprint Tuff (northern Tanzania) : volcanic source, depositional processes and age constraints from field relations
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 31:5, s. 526-537
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Engare Sero Footprint Site, situated on the southern shore of Lake Natron in northern Tanzania, has been reported to host one of the best preserved sets of fossilized hominid footprints in the world. However, until now there has been no detailed characterization and age determination of the footprint-bearing strata (the Footprint Tuff). Here, we combine field observations with geochemical and mineralogical analyses and measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility to constrain depositional processes, the role of reworking and the volcanic source for the Footprint Tuff. We find that the footprint-bearing horizon consists of volcanic ash-fall that has been slightly reworked by water, and that this was produced during a voluminous eruption of the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. The unit, which covered the footprints and helped to preserve them, consists of the wind-blown material from the same eruption, mixed together with locally derived detrital material. We can constrain the ash horizon to be of Holocene age, based on: (i) the location of the Footprint Tuff within the regional stratigraphy, (ii) previous age determination of an ash layer that can be correlated with the Footprint Tuff and (iii) the regional climatological history of the area. The ash horizon was probably deposited around 11000-10500 years ago, but could potentially be even younger than this.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Baliakas, Panagiotis, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tailored approaches grounded on immunogenetic features for refined prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 104:2, s. 360-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with differential somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes, namely mutated or unmutated, display fundamental clinico-biological differences. Considering this, we assessed prognosis separately within mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated (U-CLL) CLL in 3015 patients, hypothesizing that the relative significance of relevant indicators may differ between these two categories. Within Binet A M-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, trisomy 12 and stereotyped subset #2 membership were equivalently associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment and a treatment probability at five and ten years after diagnosis of 40% and 55%, respectively; the remaining cases exhibited 5-year and 10-year treatment probability of 12% and 25%, respectively. Within Binet A U-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, del(11q) and/or SF3B1 mutations were associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment (5- and 10-year treatment probability: 78% and 98%, respectively); in the remaining cases, males had a significantly worse prognosis than females. In conclusion, the relative weight of indicators that can accurately risk stratify early-stage CLL patients differs depending on the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes of each patient. This finding highlights the fact that compartmentalized approaches based on immunogenetic features are necessary to refine and tailor prognostication in CLL.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Brinkmalm, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
An online nano-LC-ESI-FTICR-MS method for comprehensive characterization of endogenous fragments from amyloid β and amyloid precursor protein in human and cat cerebrospinal fluid.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. - : Wiley. - 1096-9888 .- 1076-5174. ; 47:5, s. 591-603
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor protein to amyloid β (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endogenous Aβ peptides reflect the APP processing, and greater knowledge of different APP degradation pathways is important to understand the mechanism underlying AD pathology. When one analyzes longer Aβ peptides by low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), mainly long b-fragments are observed, limiting the possibility to determine variations such as amino acid variants or post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the N-terminal half of the peptide. However, by using electron capture dissociation (ECD), we obtained a more comprehensive sequence coverage for several APP/Aβ peptide species, thus enabling a deeper characterization of possible variants and PTMs. Abnormal APP/Aβ processing has also been described in the lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C and the major large animal used for studying this disease is cat. By ECD MS/MS, a substitution of Asp7 → Glu in cat Aβ was identified. Further, sialylated core 1 like O-glycans at Tyr10, recently discovered in human Aβ (a previously unknown glycosylation type), were identified also in cat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is therefore likely that this unusual type of glycosylation is common for (at least) species belonging to the magnorder Boreoeutheria. We here describe a detailed characterization of endogenous APP/Aβ peptide species in CSF by using an online top-down MS-based method.
|
|
| 26. |
- Brokelind, Cécile, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrerande äldre inom EU
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Äldrerätt- ett nytt rättsområde. - 9789139115403 ; , s. 155-172
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Burzio, Cecilia, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Removal of organic micropollutants in the biological units of a Swedish wastewater treatment plant
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. - 1757-8981 .- 1757-899X. ; 1209
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the presence and removal of target organic micropollutants in a large Swedish wastewater treatment plant designed for nutrient removal including activated sludge, trickling filters, nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and post-denitrifying MBBRs. A total of 28 organic micropollutants were analysed, at concentrations ranging from few ng/L to µg/L, in the influent and effluent of the different biological reactors in two sampling campaigns. The observed micropollutant removal efficiencies of the wastewater treatment plant varied from insignificant (< 20%) to high (> 90%) between compounds. The activated sludge reactor, being the first in line, contributed to most of the removal from the water phase. Additional removal of a few compounds was observed in the biofilm units, but most of the persistent compounds remained stable through all biological treatments.
|
|
| 29. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Genes encoding tetracycline resistance in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant investigated during one year
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tetracycline-resistant bacteria and genes encoding tetracycline resistance are common in anthropogenic environments. We studied how wastewater treatment affects the prevalence and concentration of two genes that encode resistance to tetracycline: tetA and tetB. Using real-time PCR we analysed wastewater samples collected monthly for one year at eight key-sites in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We detected tetA and tetB at each sampling site and the concentration of both genes, expressed per wastewater volume or per total-DNA, decreased over the treatment process. The reduction of tetA and tetB was partly the result of the sedimentation process. The ratio of tetA and tetB, respectively, to total DNA was lower in or after the biological processes. Taken together our data show that tetracycline resistance genes occur throughout the WWTP and that the concentrations are reduced under conventional operational strategies. However, it is not possible to conclude the eventual risk for humans with respect to resistance spreading.
|
|
| 30. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genes encoding tetracycline resistance in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant investigated during one year
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Water and Health. - : IWA Publishing. - 1477-8920 .- 1996-7829. ; 8:2, s. 247-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tetracycline-resistant bacteria and genes encoding tetracycline resistance are common in anthropogenic environments. We studied how wastewater treatment affects the prevalence and concentration of two genes, tetA and tetB, that encode resistance to tetracycline. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we analysed wastewater samples collected monthly for one year at eight key-sites in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We detected tetA and tetB at each sampling site and the concentration of both genes, expressed per wastewater volume or per total-DNA, decreased over the treatment process. The reduction of tetA and tetB was partly the result of the sedimentation process. The ratio of tetA and tetB, respectively, to total DNA was lower in or after the biological processes. Taken together our data show that tetracycline resistance genes occur throughout the WWTP, and that the concentrations are reduced under conventional operational strategies.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Ceken, Fatma, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of the theory of conceptual profiles to assess learning outcome
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Electronic Proceedings of the ESERA 2015 Conference<em></em>. - Helsinki : University of Helsinki. - 9789515115416 ; , s. 2716-2721
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Schools Inspectorate (2012) made an evaluation of the quality in science teaching in year 1–3 in the Swedish compulsory school. Large differences were found among the 30 schools studied. Often teaching only consisted of mediating facts or experiments made by the teacher. The students rarely got an opportunity to learn through systematic investigations. Less than 60% of the lessons observed involved activities were the students to large extent met scientific methods. Also, good examples were found in schools were the teachers consciously let the students make hypotheses about what will happen in an experiment. In many schools the teacher use readymade teaching packages. Generally, they consist of instructions for how series of lessons with different themes may be planned and performed by using the material included. Some of the packages also include education of the teachers. According to the School Inspectorate teachers without education in science claim that with help of the packages they have been able to teach in all areas of school science. Teachers sometime use the packages as inspiration, but chose other methods for their teaching. The purpose of this study was to examine how students in primary school use concepts and to study their conceptual development during two sequences of lessons, primarily based on the student’s own documentations. Written diaries and reports of the students were analysed in order to construct their conceptual profiles and to follow their development. The assessment of the performances in relation to the knowledge requirement evaluated students ability to discuss simple questions concerning chemical processes, plan simple experiments and formulate simple question. The study shows that observations, discussions, and written documentation of simple experiments promotes conceptual development.
|
|
| 33. |
- Cimbritz, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Reningstekniker för läkemedel och mikroföroreningar i avloppsvatten : Redovisning av åtta projekt som fått medel från Havs- och vattenmiljöanslaget 2014-2017
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av regeringen har Havs- och vattenmyndigheten under åren 20142017 finansierat olika projekt för utveckling av reningsteknik i syfte att minska utsläpp av läkemedelsrester och andra svårnedbrytbara föroreningar från kommunala avloppsreningsverk. Sex olika forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt har genomförts under ledning av forskare kopplade till RISE, Tekniska verken i Linköping, Högskolan Kristianstad, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, Umeå universitet, Lunds universitet och Kungliga tekniska högskolan. I de olika projekten har även kommunala va-organisationer och företag haft centrala roller. Inom ramen för dessa projekt har omfattande försök genomförts, från laboratorieskala till långtidsförsök i fullskala vid avloppsreningsverk i olika delar av landet. Utöver dessa projekt har ytterligare två projekt genomförts inom ramen för utlysningen. Vid Högskolan Kristianstad utfördes en interkalibreringsstudie i syfte att uppnå ökad analyskvalitet och öka medvetenheten om problem förknippade med spåranalys av läkemedelsrester. Vid Lunds universitet genomfördes en omvärldsbevakning med en studieresa till Tyskland och Schweiz för att överföra kunskap och driftserfarenheter från avloppsreningsverk som kompletterats med avancerad rening. Resultaten från projekten visar att det finns teknik som idag kan tillämpas på svenska kommunala avloppsreningsverk i syfte att avlägsna olika typer av mikroföroreningar, däribland läkemedelsrester. De tekniska lösningar som utvärderats baseras i huvudsak på ozonering eller filtrering genom aktivt kol samt olika kombinationslösningar. Lösningarna har i de flesta fall testats och utvärderats i nära samarbete med personal på avloppsreningsverk, vilket är en förutsättning för att kunna utvärdera teknikerna på ett trovärdigt sätt. Detta skapar goda förutsättningar för fungerande lösningar i stor skala. I ett av projekten har även källsorterande system studerats. Arbetet har i flera fall banat väg för nya forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt där de parter som arbetat inom nuvarande utlysning kan bidra till och leda utvecklingen av framtidens avloppsvattenrening. Det gäller exempelvis ekotoxikologiska effekter av ozonering, utveckling och förståelse av tillämpningar baserade på aktivt kol och utveckling av analysteknik. Genom regeringsuppdraget och arbetet i de olika projekten har det skapats en mycket stark plattform att bygga vidare på för införande av avancerad rening vid svenska avloppsreningsverk. I denna rapport beskrivs i korthet och i populärvetenskaplig form bakgrunden till arbetet och resultat från de olika projekten. Kostnader för olika reningstekniker har tagits fram och sammanfattas i rapporten som också erbjuder vägar vidare för den intresserade läsaren.
|
|
| 34. |
- Cossio Grageda, Claudia, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
EVAS - a practical tool to assess the sustainability of small wastewater treatment systems in low and lower-middle-income countries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 746
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs) in low and lower-middle income countries still face challenges to achieve optimal performance and acceptable levels of sustainability. Thus, a practical tool, easy to apply by locals, to diagnose the actual status of WWTSs is required in order to identify weak areas for further improvement. This study presents a sustainability assessment tool, EVAS (EVAluación de Sostenibilidad: EVAluation of Sustainability), for small WWTSs in low and lower-middle income countries. The EVAS tool is developed based on a set of contextualized sustainability indicators and sub-indicators in five dimensions (technical, environmental, social, economic, institutional). Each indicator or sub-indicator is broken down into factors, each associated with specific targets to fulfil, and scored using a traffic light scale (0 to 4) indicating unsustainable-low-medium to high levels of sustainability. The tool was developed taking into consideration that local data may sometimes be incomplete and encourages the collection and monitoring of relevant data. The assessment results support local managers or other stakeholders responsible for wastewater management with the identification of weaknesses that need to be addressed. The tool was tested using two case studies involving WWTSs in Bolivia. One WWTS received a medium sustainability rating, whereas the other system received a low sustainability rating, which indicates that several improvements are required in all sustainability dimensions. Stakeholders in the case studies found the tool useful, and suggested ways in which it could be further improved. It is expected that the application of this tool can contribute to raising the sustainability level of small WWTSs in low and lower-middle-income countries.
|
|
| 35. |
- Crafoord, Marie-Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Operating Room Nurses’ Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment : A Survey Study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. - : Slack. - 0022-0124 .- 1938-2472. ; 49:9, s. 416-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Authors commonly agree that the clinical learning environment significantly affects student learning. Studies of how operating room nurses perceive the clinical learning environment during their specialist studies are sparse. Method: This study aimed to examine newly graduated operating room nurses’ perceptions of the clinical learning environment during their specialist education. Fifty newly graduated operating room nurses answered a questionnaire gaging their perceptions of clinical education. Results: Most participants perceived the clinical learning environment as good and highly associated with the supervisor’s ability to supervise, enjoy supervision, and show interest in the participants’ degree project. The management at the clinical setting, which was perceived to emphasize the importance of supervision, time allocated especially for supervision, and perceived cooperation between the University and hospital, also had an impact. Conclusion: Social interactions and structures within the operating room affect how the clinical learning environment is perceived.
|
|
| 36. |
- De Schutter, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Ash fall impact on vegetation: a remote sensing approach of the Oldoinyo Lengai2007–08 eruption
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Volcanology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-5040. ; 4:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impacts from ash fallout on the environment can be widespread and long lasting, even from moderate-sizeeruptions. Assessing ash impact on vegetation and the indirect impacts for people is often difficult in the field. Hereit is assessed how satellite data can help to map vegetation affected by ash and how temporal analysis enablescharacterization of vegetation recovery rate. The 2007–08 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, north Tanzania, is here usedas a case study. An 8 year-long (2005–2012) time series of half-monthly average of the Normalized DifferentialVegetation Index (NDVI) is constructed at 250 m spatial resolution from the Moderate Resolution ImageSpectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensor. Interpolated rainfall data is used to isolate NDVI values departing from the normalseasonal cycles. Month-to-month NDVI comparison, linear temporal trend analysis and Principal Component Analysisenable to identify a 11 × 4 km area over which ash fallout significantly affected the state of the vegetation. After theeruption’s end, time series of various recovery indices highlight a circumferential pattern in vegetation recovery. Theestimated recovery time varies from more than 5 years to less than 6 months with increasing distance from thevolcano. A non-linear moderate, but statistically significant, relationship is found between the recovery indices and thespatial variation of ash thicknesses measured in the field. Combining field and remote sensing constraints enable tore-assess the volume of the eruption to ~2 × 107 m3. The spatial pattern of the ash-affected area matches with thespatial contrast in the impact experienced by the local communities. The method applied here opens the scope todocument impact and intensity of ash fallout in areas where systematic field work is not possible and to supportrecovery plans for populations affected by ash fallout.
|
|
| 37. |
- Delczeg, Lorand, 1980-
(författare)
-
Ab-initio description of mono-vacancies in metals and alloys
- 2011
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trough the following pages a comprehensive study of open structures will be shown, including mono-vacancy calculations and open surfaces. These are electronic structure calculations using density functional theory within the exact muffin tin method. First we investigate the accuracy of five common density functional approximations for the theoretical description of the formation energy of mono-vacancies in three closepacked metals. Besides the local density approximation (LDA), we consider two generalized gradient approximation developed by Perdew and co-workers (PBE and PBEsol) and two gradient-level functionals obtained within the subsystem functional approach (AM05 and LAG). As test cases, we select aluminium, nickel and copper, all of them adopting the face centered cubic crystallographic structure. This investigation is followed by a performance comparison of the three common gradientlevel exchange-correlation functionals for metallic bulk, surface and vacancy systems. We find that approximations which by construction give similar results for the jellium surface, show large deviations for realistic systems. The particular charge density and density gradient dependence of the exchange-correlation energy densities is shown to be the reason behind the obtained differences. Our findings confirm that both the global (total energy) and the local (energy density) behavior of the exchange-correlation functional should be monitored for a consistent functional design. Last we show the vacancy formation energies of paramagnetic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys as a function of chemical composition. The theoretical predictions obtained for homogeneous chemistry and relaxed nearest-neighbors are in line with the experimental observation. In particular, Ni is found to decrease and Cr increase the vacancy formation energy of the ternary system.
|
|
| 38. |
- Falck, Ann-Christine, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of two methods for assembly complexity- What are they good for?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: NES, Nordic Ergonomics society, 47th Annual Conference, 02-04 November 2015, Lillehammer, Norway. ; , s. 1-5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at comparing two methods for assessing manual assembly complexity, the CXB considering basic assembly complexity from product design perspective and the CXI, which assesses complexity as perceived by operators in production. The objective was to see if and how the two methods overlap. The results showed that they had some assessment criteria in common but that other criteria differed and covered different areas of interest. Both method approaches are important for a manufacturer to manage in order to create sustainable assembly conditions, good working conditions and reduce errors in manual assembly.
|
|
| 39. |
- Falck, Ann-Christine, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of manual assembly complexity: a theoretical and empirical comparison of two methods
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:24, s. 7237-7250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several theoretical methods for assessment of assembly complexity but there are few practically applicable methods. One of the methods, CompleXity Index (CXI), aims at assessing operators´ perception of manual assembly complexity in running production. Another recently developed method, Basic Assembly Complexity (CXB) is intended for predictive assessment of basic manual assembly complexity in early product and production development. Both CXI and CXB aim to improve assembly conditions for operators, reduce assembly-related errors and the costs for corrective measures as well as increase assembly quality although in different ways and at different organizational levels and life cycle stages. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods to obtain feedback and learn from operators experience in order to develop better predictive assessment criteria. The method comparison showed that about 50% of the CXB assessment approaches were similar to CXI but other covered different aspects. In comparison of the complexity values of the methods no significant results were obtained. However, some CXI issues that were not taken into account in CXB should be considered. CXB and CXI could be used in conjunction but further assessment criteria are probably needed.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Haghighatafshar, Salar, et al.
(författare)
-
Storm-water management in Malmö and Copenhagen with regard to climate change scenarios
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 70:3, s. 159-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current status of storm-water management in the neighbor cities of Copenhagen and Malmö was studied with respect to present measures and the implemented systems in both cities. Application of blue-green solutions in the outer parts of Malmö started in the 1990s; hence collaboration between different departments in the municipality is more structured in the city of Malmö while in Copenhagen the process is still based on traditional pipe systems and CSO management with the exception of Ørestad. However, more blue-green solutions are to be applied in Copenhagen in the coming years. Concerning the climate adaptation plans in regard to the Three Points Approach (3PA), Copenhagen has determined the required framework for adaptation of the inner parts of the city with regard to extreme rainfalls (Cloudburst Management Plan in Copenhagen) while Malmö has focused on implementation of open systems in the suburbs taking design rain criteria into account.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsystem functionals and the missing ingredient of confinement physics in density functionals
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:11, s. 115103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsystem functional scheme is a promising approach recently proposed for constructing exchange-correlation density functionals. In this scheme, the physics in each part of real materials is described by mapping to a characteristic model system. The "confinement physics," an essential physical ingredient that has been left out in present functionals, is studied by employing the harmonic-oscillator (HO) gas model. By performing the potential -greater than density and the density -greater than exchange energy per particle mappings based on two model systems characterizing the physics in the interior (uniform electron-gas model) and surface regions (Airy gas model) of materials for the HO gases, we show that the confinement physics emerges when only the lowest subband of the HO gas is occupied by electrons. We examine the approximations of the exchange energy by several state-of-the-art functionals for the HO gas, and none of them produces adequate accuracy in the confinement dominated cases. A generic functional that incorporates the description of the confinement physics is needed.
|
|
| 44. |
- Hao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Using the electron localization function to correct for confinement physics in semi-local density functional theory
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 140:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously proposed that further improved functionals for density functional theory can be constructed based on the Armiento-Mattsson subsystem functional scheme if, in addition to the uniform electron gas and surface models used in the Armiento-Mattsson 2005 functional, a model for the strongly confined electron gas is also added. However, of central importance for this scheme is an index that identifies regions in space where the correction provided by the confined electron gas should be applied. The electron localization function (ELF) is a well-known indicator of strongly localized electrons. We use a model of a confined electron gas based on the harmonic oscillator to show that regions with high ELF directly coincide with regions where common exchange energy functionals have large errors. This suggests that the harmonic oscillator model together with an index based on the ELF provides the crucial ingredients for future improved semi-local functionals. For a practical illustration of how the proposed scheme is intended to work for a physical system we discuss monoclinic cupric oxide, CuO. A thorough discussion of this system leads us to promote the cell geometry of CuO as a useful benchmark for future semi-local functionals. Very high ELF values are found in a shell around the O ions, and take its maximum value along the Cu–O directions. An estimate of the exchange functional error from the effect of electron confinement in these regions suggests a magnitude and sign that could account for the error in cell geometry.
|
|
| 45. |
- Hermansson, Malte, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Nitrifierande biofilmer för biologisk kväverening i avloppsreningsverk
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biological nitrogen removal is implemented in Swedish wastewater treatment plants, often using biofilm processes for nitrification. Using DNA based methods we analyzed population dynamics and activity of nitrifying biofilms, and have tested different running strategies in a pilot plant with controlled ammonium concentrations.
|
|
| 46. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Cerebral Amyloid-β Aggregation With Cognitive Functioning in Persons Without Dementia.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 84-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early event in Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the association between amyloid aggregation and cognitive manifestation in persons without dementia is important for a better understanding of the course of AD and for the design of prevention trials.To investigate whether amyloid-β aggregation is associated with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia.This cross-sectional study included 2908 participants with normal cognition and 4133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from 53 studies in the multicenter Amyloid Biomarker Study. Normal cognition was defined as having no cognitive concerns for which medical help was sought and scores within the normal range on cognitive tests. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to published criteria. Study inclusion began in 2013 and is ongoing. Data analysis was performed in January 2017.Global cognitive performance as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and episodic memory performance as assessed by a verbal word learning test. Amyloid aggregation was measured with positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and dichotomized as negative (normal) or positive (abnormal) according to study-specific cutoffs. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between amyloid aggregation and low cognitive scores (MMSE score ≤27 or memory z score≤-1.28) and to assess whether this association was moderated by age, sex, educational level, or apolipoprotein E genotype.Among 2908 persons with normal cognition (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [12.8] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory scores after age 70 years (mean difference in amyloid positive vs negative, 4% [95% CI, 0%-7%] at 72 years and 21% [95% CI, 10%-33%] at 90 years) but was not associated with low MMSE scores (mean difference, 3% [95% CI, -1% to 6%], P=.16). Among 4133 patients with MCI (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [8.5] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory (mean difference, 16% [95% CI, 12%-20%], P<.001) and low MMSE (mean difference, 14% [95% CI, 12%-17%], P<.001) scores, and this association decreased with age. Low cognitive scores had limited utility for screening of amyloid positivity in persons with normal cognition and those with MCI. In persons with normal cognition, the age-related increase in low memory score paralleled the age-related increase in amyloid positivity with an intervening period of 10 to 15 years.Although low memory scores are an early marker of amyloid positivity, their value as a screening measure for early AD among persons without dementia is limited.
|
|
| 47. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 79:3, s. 228-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates.This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria.Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF.Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations.Among the 19097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10148 women [53.1%]) included, 10139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P=.04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P=.004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P=.18).This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
|
|
| 48. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative study of thermochemical recycling with solvolysis and pyrolysis of End-of-Life wind turbine blades : Rekovind2 - WP3
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an urgent need for the development of viable recycling solutions for the increasing waste streams of glass fiber composites (GFRPs) from all sectors i.e. leisure boats, windmills and building constructions. Two potential recycling methods that can separate and recover both the polymers and the high-quality fibers from these kinds of materials are pyrolysis and solvolysis. In this project recycling of an epoxy-based Endof-Life wind turbine blade was evaluated in lab scale using the two methods. In previous literature the main focus has been on the quality of the fibers but in this project the main focus was to compare the chemical composition of the oil products. The produced oils from solvolysis and pyrolysis have been compared with a multianalysis approach by using elemental analysis, GC-MS, pyro-GC-MS/FID, 2D NMR (HSQC) for gaining more information about the chemical structure of the produced monomers (phenols), oligomers and polymers. Almost all the volatile matter in the End-of-Life wind turbine blade was recovered as pyrolysis oil, 36 wt.% yield. The solvolysis oil yield was lower, 17 wt.%, mainly due to a major part of the solvolysis oil ended up in the aqueous solvent. The composition of the oils from both technologies was analyzed based on both their volatile i.e. monomeric and polymeric content. The result point to that both methods produced oils with similar polymeric parts according to NMR and pyro-GC-MS/FID, based on an oxygenated aliphatic network connected with aromatic phenolic structures. Increased information of chemical oil composition will be useful for further processing as raw material in refineries/chemical industries. The monomeric part of the oil produced from pyrolysis was found in relatively large amounts, ~57 wt.%, and can be a future high-value product from recycling of wind turbine blades. The total recovery of phenolics from the pyrolysis was 18 wt.% of the wind turbine blade weight.
|
|
| 49. |
- Karlsson, Ann-Kristin, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Well-being in patients and relatives after open-heart surgery from the perspective of health care professionals
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Oxford : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 19:5-6, s. 840-846
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to explore how health care professionals perceive the well-being of patients and relatives following open-heart surgery. BACKGROUND: Open-heart surgery is an extraordinary life event associated with hope and fear among both patients and relatives, thus they require attention from health care professionals. Patients' short stay in hospital after surgery and the workload of health care professionals increase the risk that reduced well-being will be overlooked. Health care professionals need to become familiar with the signs of reduced well-being. DESIGN: The study has an observational design and was performed using a qualitative method. METHOD: Health care professionals working with patients who have undergone open-heart surgery participated in focus group discussions. The data were analysed by means of content analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: signs of vulnerability and signs of insecurity. The latent meaning of the study was interpreted as awareness of an exposed position. CONCLUSION: The health care professionals were aware of patients' and relatives' exposed position following open-heart surgery. Reduced well-being was communicated by bodily and emotional signs, which were captured using direct communication or intuition. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Developing the ability to recognise signs of reduced well-being is important for minimising the negative influences associated with open-heart surgery for patients and relatives. Increased awareness that both anger and avoidance can mask depression is important. Patients and their relatives, particularly younger ones, should be observed to ensure early detection of a life crisis provoked by the heart disease. Furthermore, staff should invite patients and their partners to talk about sexuality. Changes aimed at increasing patients' and relatives' well-being would be facilitated by interdisciplinary teamwork, 'reflection groups' for a greater exchange of knowledge and the implementation of a patient/family perspective. The latter would lead to greater interest in the relatives' situation and position in cardiac care.
|
|
| 50. |
- Kater, Arnon P., et al.
(författare)
-
Minimal residual disease-guided stop and start of venetoclax plus ibrutinib for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (HOVON141/VISION) : primary analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 23:6, s. 818-828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Targeted time-limited treatment options are needed for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided, time-limited ibrutinib plus venetoclax treatment in this patient group. Methods HOVON141/VISION was an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial conducted in 47 hospitals in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with or without TP53 aberrations; had not been exposed to Bruton tyrosine-kinase inhibitors or BCL2 inhibitors; had a creatinine clearance rate of 30 mL/min or more; and required treatment according to International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2018 criteria. Participants with undetectable MRD (< 10(-4); less than one chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell per 10 000 leukocytes) in peripheral blood and bone marrow after 15 28-day cycles of oral ibrutinib (420 mg once daily) plus oral venetoclax (weekly ramp-up 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, up to 400 mg once daily) were randomly assigned (1:2) to ibrutinib maintenance or treatment cessation. Patients who were MRD positive continued to receive ibrutinib monotherapy. Patients who became MRD (> 10(-2)) during observation reinitiated treatment with ibrutinib plus venetoclax. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 12 months after random assignment in the treatment cessation group. Progression-free survival was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. All patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety assessment. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03226301, and is active but not recruiting. Findings Between July 12, 2017, and Jan 21, 2019, 230 patients were enrolled, 225 of whom were eligible. 188 (84%) of 225 completed treatment with ibrutinib plus venetoclax and were tested for MRD at cycle 15. After cycle 15, 78 (35%) patients had undetectable MRD and 72 (32%) were randomly assigned to a treatment group (24 to ibrutinib maintenance and 48 to treatment cessation). The remaining 153 patients were not randomly assigned and continued with ibrutinib monotherapy. Median follow-up of 208 patients still alive and not lost to follow-up at data cutoff on June 22, 2021, was 34middot4 months (IQR 30.6-37.9). Progression-free survival after 12 months in the treatment cessation group was 98% (95% CI 89-100). Infections (in 130 [58%] of 225 patients), neutropenia (in 91 [40%] patients), and gastrointestinal adverse events (in 53 [24%] patients) were the most frequently reported; no new safety signals were detected. Serious adverse events were reported in 46 (40%) of 116 patients who were not randomly assigned and who continued ibrutinib maintenance after cycle 15, eight (33%) of 24 patients in the ibrutinib maintenance group, and four (8%) of 48 patients in the treatment cessation group. One patient who was not randomly assigned had a fatal adverse event (bleeding) deemed possibly related to ibrutinib. Interpretation These data point to a favourable benefit-risk profile of MRD-guided, time-limited treatment with ibrutinib plus venetoclax for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, suggesting that MRD-guided cessation and reinitiation is feasible in this patient population. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
