| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
An Exploration of Openness in Hardware and Software Through Implementation of a RISC-V Based Desktop Computer
- 2022
-
Ingår i: OpenSym '22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450398459 - 9781450398466
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open hardware and open source software platforms bring benefits to both implementers and users in the form of system adaptability and maintainability, and through the avoidance of lock-in, for example. Development of the \riscv\ Instruction Set Architecture and processors during the last ten years has made the implementation of a desktop computer using open hardware, including open processors, and open source software an approaching possibility. We use the SiFive Unmatched development board and Ubuntu Linux, and the recorded experiences of system builders using the Unmatched board to explore the extent to which it is possible to create an open desktop computer. The work identifies current limitations to implementing an open computer system, which lie mainly at the interface between the operating system and hardware components. Potential solutions to the challenges uncovered are proposed, including greater consideration of openness during the early stages of product design. A further contribution is made by an account of the synergies arising from open collaboration in a private-collective innovation process.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
On availability of Open Source Software reference implementations for standards issued by different standards setting organisations
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Joint Proceedings EURAS & SIIT 2023. - Aachen : Verlag Mainz. - 9783958864917 - 3958864910 ; , s. 97-116
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software also promotes wide deployment in software systems, avoidance of different lock-in effects, interoperability, and longevity of systems and associated digital assets. In this paper results are reported on the availability of reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
On engagement with ICT standards and their implementations in open source software projects : the case of WebRTC
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 26th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference. - Aachen : Verlag Mainz. - 9783958864467 ; , s. 143-162
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time communication (RTC) technologies for the web provide opportunities for individuals and organisations to work and collaborate remotely, and the need for such technologies has recently increased. Use of RTC technologies and tools for the web involves a number of challenges concerning data privacy and lock-in effects, such as dependency to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open standards for RTC and open source software (OSS) implementing such standards can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for long-term sustainable solutions. The paper characterises how engagement with standardisation of WebRTC in the context of IETF and W3C is related to engagement with the WebRTC OSS project.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Open Source Software reference implementations for standards issued by different standards setting organisations : availability, perceptions and practices
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Standardisation. - : TU Delft Open. - 2772-9249. ; 3:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software promotes wide deployment in software systems, interoperability, longevity of systems and associated digital assets, and avoidance of different lock-in effects. In this paper results are reported on the availability of, and perceptions and practices concerning, reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards and policy statements, issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards open government through open source software for web analytics : The case of Matomo
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems : Department for E-Governance and Administration, Danube University Krems. - 2075-9517. ; 13:2, s. 133-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Web analytics technologies provide opportunities for organisations to obtain information about users visiting their websites in order to understand and optimise web usage. Use of such technologies often leads to issues related to data privacy and potential lock-in to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open source software (OSS) for web analytics can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for a long-term sustainable solution for organisations both in the public and private sectors. This paper characterises use of and engagement with OSS projects for web analytics. Specifically, we contribute a characterisation of use of OSS licensed web analytics technologies in Swedish government authorities, and a characterisation of organisational engagement with the Matomo OSS project for web analytics.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Enabling OSS usage through procurement projects : How can lock-in effects be avoided?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Open Source Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030752507 - 9783030752538 - 9783030752514 ; , s. 16-27
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formulation of mandatory requirements in procurement projects has significant influence on opportunities for development and deployment of Open Source Software (OSS). The paper contributes insights on a widespread practice amongst public procurement projects which causes problematic lock-in effects and thereby inhibits opportunities for use of OSS solutions. Through a systematic investigation of 30 randomly selected procurement projects in the software domain the paper highlights illustrative examples of mandatory requirements which cause lock-in and presents five recommendations for how requirements instead should be formulated in order to avoid causing lock-in. Findings show significant lock-in caused by current procurement practices with a stark preference for proprietary software and SaaS solutions amongst procuring organisations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Half a step behind – bulk disclosure of confidential data in third-party GenAI solutions under the Swedish Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Digital Government: Research and Practice. - : ACM Digital Library. - 2691-199X .- 2639-0175.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological progress poses unique challenges for the public sector. New technology should be adopted, but it must always be done within the framework of good administration. It follows laws governing public administration must be continuously adapted. Sweden recently amended its secrecy legislation to facilitate the use of third-party cloud solutions by public authorities. When the amendment was enacted, most public sector organisations had already been using external cloud solutions for a long time. Today, there is as much pressure on authorities to implement AI technology as there ever was to move administration into the cloud. This paper uses traditional legal methodology to investigate if the Swedish secrecy legislation adequately enables the use of cloud-based GenAI solutions. Findings indicate that the recent amendment is likely insufficient and that there are significant practical hurdles for the application of the law, particularly with services from global cloud providers. The paper contributes to the understanding of Swedish law, and of the difficulties that can occur anywhere when policy makers and legislators do not move in tandem.
|
|
| 10. |
- Aldrin-Kirk, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemogenetic modulation of cholinergic interneurons reveals their regulating role on the direct and indirect output pathways from the striatum
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961. ; 109, s. 148-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intricate balance between dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the striatum has been thoroughly difficult to characterize. It was initially described as a seesaw with a competing function of dopamine versus acetylcholine. Recent technical advances however, have brought this view into question suggesting that the two systems work rather in concert with the cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) driving dopamine release. In this study, we have utilized two transgenic Cre-driver rat lines, a choline acetyl transferase ChAT-Cre transgenic rat and a novel double-transgenic tyrosine hydroxylase TH-Cre/ChAT-Cre rat to further elucidate the role of striatal ChIs in normal motor function and in Parkinson's disease. Here we show that selective and reversible activation of ChIs using chemogenetic (DREADD) receptors increases locomotor function in intact rats and potentiate the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA in the rats with lesions of the nigral dopamine system. However, the potentiation of the L-DOPA effect is accompanied by an aggravation of L-DOPA induced dyskinesias (LIDs). These LIDs appear to be driven primarily through the indirect striato-pallidal pathway since the same effect can be induced by the D2 agonist Quinpirole. Taken together, the results highlight the intricate regulation of balance between the two output pathways from the striatum orchestrated by the ChIs.
|
|
| 11. |
- Aldrin-Kirk, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
DREADD Modulation of Transplanted DA Neurons Reveals a Novel Parkinsonian Dyskinesia Mechanism Mediated by the Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273. ; 90:5, s. 955-968
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transplantation of DA neurons is actively pursued as a restorative therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pioneering clinical trials using transplants of fetal DA neuroblasts have given promising results, although a number of patients have developed graft-induced dyskinesias (GIDs), and the mechanism underlying this troublesome side effect is still unknown. Here we have used a new model where the activity of the transplanted DA neurons can be selectively modulated using a bimodal chemogenetic (DREADD) approach, allowing either enhancement or reduction of the therapeutic effect. We show that exclusive activation of a cAMP-linked (Gs-coupled) DREADD or serotonin 5-HT6 receptor, located on the grafted DA neurons, is sufficient to induce GIDs. These findings establish a mechanistic link between the 5-HT6 receptor, intracellular cAMP, and GIDs in transplanted PD patients. This effect is thought to be mediated through counteraction of the D2 autoreceptor feedback inhibition, resulting in a dysplastic DA release from the transplant.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bodén, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Antidopaminergic drugs and acute pancreatitis : a population-based study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:3, s. e000914-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the suggested association between antidopaminergic drugs and acute pancreatitis.DESIGN: A large population-based nested case-control study.SETTING: Swedish nationwide study from 2006 to 2008.PARTICIPANTS: The Patient Register was used to identify 6161 cases of acute pancreatitis. The 61 637 control subjects were randomly selected from the Register of the Total Population by frequency-based density sampling, matched for age, sex and calendar year.EXPOSURE: Exposure data were extracted from the Prescribed Drug Register. Antidopaminergic drugs were grouped into antiemetic/anxiolytic and other antipsychotics. Current use of antidopaminergic drugs was defined as filling a prescription 1-114 days before index date, while previous use was 115 days to 3.5 years before index date.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cases were defined as being diagnosed as having acute pancreatitis. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regression.RESULTS: The unadjusted OR indicated an increased risk of acute pancreatitis among current users of antiemetic/anxiolytics (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), but not in the multivariable model adjusting for alcohol-related comorbidity, chronic obstructive lung disease, ischaemic heart disease, obesity, diabetes, opioid use, gallstone disease, educational level, marital status and number of concomitant medications (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2). Similarly, among current users of other antipsychotics, the unadjusted OR was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6), while the adjusted OR was 0.8 (95% CI 0.6 to 0.9). Results regarding previous use of antidopaminergic drugs followed a similar risk pattern as for current use.CONCLUSIONS: The lack of association between antidopaminergic drugs and acute pancreatitis after adjustment for confounding factors in this study suggests that the previously reported positive associations might be explained by confounding.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
|
|
| 17. |
- Brück, Dag M., et al.
(författare)
-
A Trip to the University College, Swansea, and the Central Electric Generating Board, Gloucester
- 1987
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarizes experiences and conclusions from a trip to University College Swansea, Swansea, Wales, the Central Electric Generation Board (CEGB), Barnwood, Gloucester, England and Marconi Instruments Limited, Scotland. The aim of the trip was to exchange information and discuss various issues incomputer aided control engineering.
|
|
| 18. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
An Investigation of Work Practices Used by Companies Making Contributions to Established OSS Projects
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ICSE-SEIP '18 Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450356596 ; , s. 201-210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professionals contribute to open source software (OSS) projects aspart of their employment. Previous research has addressed motivationsof individuals and the ways they engage with OSS projects.However, there is a lack of research which examines and explainswork practices used by companies in their engagement with projects.Work practices used by companies to contribute to five establishedOSS projects are investigated through examination of the actions ofemployees in public communication channels and draw on our experienceswhen analysing engagement with the same projects. Wefind that companies utilise work practices for contributing whichare congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities thatsupport their short and long term needs. We find that companiescontribute to OSS projects in different ways, such as employing coreproject developers, making donations, and joining project steeringcommittees in order to advance strategic interests.
|
|
| 19. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Considerations and challenges for the adoption of open source components in software-intensive businesses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Component-Based Software Development is a conventional way of working for software-intensive businesses and OpenSource Software (OSS) components are frequently considered by businesses for adoption and inclusion in softwareproducts. Previous research has found a variety of practices used to support the adoption of OSS components, in-cluding formally specified processes and less formal, developer-led approaches, and that the practices used continue todevelop. Evolutionary pressures identified include the proliferation of available OSS components and increases in thepace of software development as businesses move towards continuous integration and delivery. We investigate workpractices used in six software-intensive businesses in the primary and secondary software sectors to understand currentapproaches to OSS component adoption and the challenges businesses face establishing effective work practices to eval-uate OSS components. We find businesses have established processes for evaluating OSS components and communitiesthat support more complex and nuanced considerations of the cost and risks of component adoption alongside matterssuch as licence compliance and functional requirements. We also found that the increasing pace and volume of softwaredevelopment within some businesses provides pressure to continue to evolve software evaluation processes.
|
|
| 20. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Maintaining interoperability in open source software : A case study of the Apache PDFBox project
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software interoperability is commonly achieved through the implementation of standards for communication protocols or data representation formats. Standards documents are often complex, difficult to interpret, and may contain errors and inconsistencies, which can lead to differing interpretations and implementations that inhibit interoperability. Through a case study of two years of activity in the Apache PDFBox project we examine day-to-day decisions made concerning implementation of the PDF specifications and standards in a community open source software (OSS) project. Thematic analysis is used to identify semantic themes describing the context of observed decisions concerning interoperability. Fundamental decision types are identified including emulation of the behaviour of dominant implementations and the extent to which to implement the PDF standards. Many factors influencing the decisions are related to the sustainability of the project itself, while other influences result from decisions made by external actors, including the developers of dependencies of PDFBox. This article contributes a fine grained perspective of decision-making about software interoperability by contributors to a community OSS project. The study identifies how decisions made support the continuing technical relevance of the software, and factors that motivate and constrain project activity.
|
|
| 21. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
On business adoption and use of reproducible builds for open and closed source software
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Software quality journal. - : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 0963-9314 .- 1573-1367. ; 31:3, s. 687-719
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reproducible builds (R-Bs) are software engineering practices that reliably create bit-for-bit identical binary executable files from specified source code. R-Bs are applied in someopen source software (OSS) projects and distributions to allow verification that the distrib-uted binary has been built from the released source code. The use of R-Bs has been advo-cated in software maintenance and R-Bs are applied in the development of some OSS secu-rity applications. Nonetheless, industry application of R-Bs appears limited, and we seekto understand whether awareness is low or if significant technical and business reasonsprevent wider adoption. Through interviews with software practitioners and business man-agers, this study explores the utility of applying R-Bs in businesses in the primary and sec-ondary software sectors and the business and technical reasons supporting their adoption.We find businesses use R-Bs in the safety-critical and security domains, and R-Bs are valu-able for traceability and support collaborative software development. We also found thatR-Bs are valued as engineering processes and are seen as a badge of software quality, butwithout a tangible value proposition. There are good engineering reasons to use R-Bs inindustrial software development, and the principle of establishing correspondence betweensource code and binary offers opportunities for the development of further applications.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Ekerstad, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical Frailty Scale classes are independently associated with 6-month mortality for patients after acute myocardial infarction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 11:2, s. 89-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Data on the prognostic value of frailty to guide clinical decision-making for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. To analyse the association between frailty classification, treatment patterns, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month mortality in a large population of patients with MI.Methods and results: An observational, multicentre study with a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the SWEDEHEART registry. In total, 3381 MI patients with a level of frailty assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS-9) were included. Of these patients, 2509 (74.2%) were classified as non-vulnerable non-frail (CFS 1–3), 446 (13.2%) were vulnerable non-frail (CFS 4), and 426 (12.6%) were frail (CFS 5–9). Frailty and non-frail vulnerability were associated with worse in-hospital outcomes compared with non-frailty, i.e. higher rates of mortality (13.4% vs. 4.0% vs. 1.8%), cardiogenic shock (4.7% vs. 2.5% vs. 1.9%), and major bleeding (4.5% vs. 2.7% vs. 1.1%) (allP < 0.001), and less frequent use of evidence-based therapies. In Cox regression analyses, frailty was strongly and independently associated with 6-month mortality compared with non-frailty, after adjustment for age, sex, the GRACE risk score components, and other potential risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30–4.79]. A similar pattern was seen for vulnerable non-frail patients (fully adjusted HR 2.07, 95% CI1.41–3.02).Conclusion: Frailty assessed with the CFS was independently and strongly associated with all-cause 6-month mortality, also after comprehensive adjustment for baseline differences in other risk factors. Similarly, non-frail vulnerability was independently associated with higher mortality compared with those with preserved functional ability.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Garman, Ian, et al.
(författare)
-
Demand control and constant flow ventilation compared in an exhaust ventilated bedroom in a cold-climate single-family house
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Buildings International. - : Elsevier. - 1750-8975 .- 1756-6932. ; 15:4, s. 175-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A convertible, zoned ventilation system was field-tested in a modern, airtight Swedish home when occupied either by an experimental team or by a family. Indoor air quality in the master bedroom was monitored under four ventilation strategies. Relative to constant air volume strategies (CAV), demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) that was responding to CO2 concentration extracted more air when people were present, but less in total over 24 h. This elevated the indoor air humidity, beneficial in climates with dry winter air. Multiple monitors within the bedroom indicated that vertical CO2 stratification occurred routinely, presumably due to low mixing of supply air from a wall-mounted diffuse vent, spreading the air radially over the wall. This seemingly improved air quality in the breathing zone under local (ceiling) extract ventilation but worsened it during more typical, centralised extract ventilation, where air escapes the room via an inner doorway. The local extract arrangement thus seemed to yield both improved ventilation efficiency and reduced contaminant spread to other rooms. The noted air quality variations within the room highlight the importance of sensor placement in demand-control ventilated spaces, even in small rooms such as bedrooms.
|
|
| 26. |
- Garman, Ian, et al.
(författare)
-
Ventilation alone fails to prevent overheating in a Nordic home field study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022, Kuopio, 12 June 2022 through 16 June 2022. - : International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A field study conducted in a modern Nordic single-family house with high airtightness and insulation levels, attempted to control summer indoor overheating using night-time cooling strategies. Exhaust air flow rates were manually scheduled by the researchers (based on weather forecasts), analogous to what an engaged occupant - or a predictive system - might do. Air temperatures at a nearby meteorological station peaked at 30 °C during 6 days in June that saw only 44 hours below 18 °C. Temperatures recorded indoors at the test house reached 32 °C, due also to very large solar gains, and never fell below 26 °C over 8 continuous days. It appears that under extended heat conditions that are exceptional now, but foreseen to become more frequent, some modern Nordic homes cannot be temperature controlled by ambient ventilation alone. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Larsen, Filip J, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary nitrate reduces resting metabolic rate : a randomized, crossover study in humans.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:4, s. 843-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nitrate, which is an inorganic anion abundant in vegetables, increases the efficiency of isolated human mitochondria. Such an effect might be reflected in changes in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and formation of reactive oxygen species. The bioactivation of nitrate involves its active accumulation in saliva followed by a sequential reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide, and other reactive nitrogen species.OBJECTIVE: We studied effects of inorganic nitrate, in amounts that represented a diet rich in vegetables, on the RMR in healthy volunteers.DESIGN: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we measured the RMR by using indirect calorimetry in 13 healthy volunteers after a 3-d dietary intervention with sodium nitrate (NaNO3) or a placebo (NaCl). The nitrate dose (0.1 mmol · kg(-1) · d(-1)) corresponded to the amount in 200-300 g spinach, beetroot, lettuce, or other vegetable that was rich in nitrate. Effects of direct nitrite exposure on cell respiration were studied in cultured human primary myotubes.RESULTS: The RMR was 4.2% lower after nitrate compared with placebo administration, and the change correlated strongly to the degree of nitrate accumulation in saliva (r(2) = 0.71). The thyroid hormone status, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, plasma concentration of isoprostanes, and total antioxidant capacity were unaffected by nitrate. The administration of nitrite to human primary myotubes acutely inhibited respiration.CONCLUSIONS: Dietary inorganic nitrate reduces the RMR. This effect may have implications for the regulation of metabolic function in health and disease.
|
|
| 30. |
- Lassesson, Henric, et al.
(författare)
-
Kemisk återvinning av plast : Teknik, flöden och miljöaspekter
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är resultatet av ett projekt utfört av konsortiet SMED, tillsammans med underkonsulter, på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket.SyfteDet övergripande syftet med uppdraget var att göra en analys av följande aspekter för kemisk återvinning: Vilka resurs-, miljö- och klimateffekter skulle en svensk anläggning kunna innebära, särskilt med avseende på aspekterna farliga ämnen, klimatpåverkan och resurseffektivitet, för olika kemiska återvinningstekniker, flöden och plastsorter?För vilka flöden och plastsorter kan kemisk återvinning vara aktuellt och för vilka plastsorter kan det göra mest nytta? Behövs reglering för att styra det?Vilka problem och hinder i plastflödet kan avhjälpas med kemisk återvinning? Vilka hinder och möjligheter finns med införandet av kemisk återvinning?MetodProjektet genomfördes huvudsakligen under perioden augusti till december 2020. De huvudsakliga momenten i genomförandet av projektet var attGå igenom litteratur, både vetenskaplig litteratur, andra rapporter och utredningar samt även mer marknadsorienterad information, såsom websidor, för att kartlägga olika tekniker, pilotstudier och anläggningar, och extrahera relevant information.Identifiera och intervjua relevanta aktörer inom forskning, myndigheter och näringsliv med särskild kompetens och insyn i området och sammanställa samt bearbeta informationen från dessa.Hålla ett seminarium med brett urval av deltagare inklusive intervjuade personer för att få ytterligare synpunkter, inte minst inspel till analysen av hinder och möjligheterBearbeta och sammanställa underlag och resultat samt författa och uppdatera rapport inklusive granskningar och återkopplingar från beställaren.Tekniker för kemisk återvinningKemisk återvinning av plast är idag under stark utveckling och många anläggningar byggs eller är under projektering, främst på kontinenten. Kemisk återvinning innebär att plasterna genomgår en process eller följd av processer där polymerkedjorna bryts upp till mindre molekyler. Det finns många olika tekniker och varianter av kemisk återvinning, vilket delvis också beror på att det finns många olika plastsorter, och olika tekniker har utvecklats för att passa för olika plasttyper. Vi har här gjort en indelning i sex kategorier av tekniker, där ordningen ungefär motsvarar graden av nedbrytning av polymererna, så att ju längre ner på listan, desto högre grad av nedbrytning.De kategorier av tekniker som beskrivs i rapporten ärUpplösning/utfällningDepolymeriseringSolvolysPyrolysFörgasningCCU – koldioxidinfångning och nyttiggörande (Carbon Capture and Utilization)Inom varje kategori finns oftast ett stort antal specifika teknikspår, och kategoriseringen är inte helt enkel. Det finns många olika begrepp som används inom området och terminologin är i dagsläget inte standardiserad.Upplösning/utfällning innebär som benämningen antyder att polymeren löses upp i något lösningsmedium, med avsikt att sedan fällas ut igen efter avlägsnande av oönskade komponenter. Tanken är att separera polymerkedjor, men inte ha sönder dem, vilket dock inte helt undviks. Metoden kan kategoriseras som en fysikaliskkemisk process.Depolymerisering avser i denna studie en kategori av teknologier som innebär att polymerer genomgår en process där de specifikt delas sönder i sina byggstenar, monomerer, som därmed återskapas. Även processer som ospecifikt sönderdelar polymerer till mindre delar kan anses vara depolymerisering. Men enligt praxis avser depolymerisering just processer där återskapande av monomerer avses.Solvolys avser i denna studie en process som utförs i ett vätskeformigt medium vid hög temperatur och högt tryck bryter ned polymerer till en oljeprodukt. Då mediet är vatten kallas det också hydrotermisk förvätskning eller HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction) och sker vid 200-400 grader och 50-250 bar.Pyrolys innebär en process som sker i en syrefri eller syrefattig miljö, där plasterna upphettas och bryts sönder till mindre beståndsdelar, och där man vanligtvis eftersträvar en vätskeformig produkt. Därför används ibland även begreppet termisk förvätskning inom denna kategori.Förgasning innebär att plasterna upphettas och bryts ned, med viss tillförsel av syre, till i huvudsak gasformiga ämnen, däribland kolmonoxid.CCU - Koldioxidinfångning och -nyttiggörande innebär som namnet antyder att koldioxid fångas in och nyttiggörs. I kombination med förbränning av plast skulle CCU vara en form av kemisk plaståtervinning.Egenskaperna hos de olika teknikkategorierna 1–6 har sammanfattats i tabell S1. De huvudsakliga för- och nackdelarna med olika tekniker har sammanställts i tabell S2.Resurs-, miljö- och klimataspekterResurs- och KlimataspekterResurs- energi- och klimataspekter är nära sammankopplade då man studerar plaståtervinning. Kemisk återvinning som teknikfamilj intar ett resurs-, energi- och klimatmässigt mellanläge mellan mekanisk återvinning och förbränning. Lokala förutsättningar i det enskilda fallet, såsom tillgång på klimatsnål processenergi, påverkar hur utfallet blir. Utsläppen från mekanisk återvinning är generellt mycket små. Det finns en viss miljöpåverkan, bland annat från produktionen av den elektricitet eller andra energibärare, som behövs för separation och tvättprocesser. Utsläpp från kemisk återvinning för de olika teknikerna är sinsemellan i samma storleksordning, större än de från mekanisk återvinning, då kemisk återvinning kräver mer energi, men mindre än utsläppen från avfallsförbränning. Indirekta effekter, i detta fall främst mängd elektricitet och produktionssätt för denna, samt förhållanden i och kring avfallsförbränningsanläggningar (som är ett alternativt sätt att behandla plastavfall som inte kan återvinnas mekaniskt) kommer att ha stor inverkan på systemets prestanda. Om processen använder energi från koldioxidsnåla källor så kommer den ha en högre klimatnytta än om processen använder fossila energi- och råvarukällor. En del av det gasflödet skulle också kunna återvinnas som produkt, i en storskaligare, mer optimerad anläggning, och där energin istället tillförs från annan källa, som då kan vara en klimatsnål energikälla, till exempel grön el.Farliga ämnenEftersom det handlar om kemiska processer kan man egentligen aldrig fullständigt garantera frihet från potentiellt riskabla ämnen. Det har varit ganska svårt att få helt klarlagd och likvärdig information för de olika teknikerna och för de olika varianterna av olika teknik, hur de hanterar tillsatser och eventuellt bildade farliga ämnen, delvis för att flertalet tekniker är ganska nya och inte helt utredda. Tillsatsämnen kan delas in i fyra huvudgrupper i form av funktionella tillsatser, färgämnen, fyllmedel och förstärkningar. I dessa grupper finns bland annat flamskyddsmedel, mjukgörare, biocider, färgpigment, talk och glasfiber. Dessa ämnen kan bete sig olika under processer för kemisk återvinning beroende på kemisk struktur, mängd, processegenskaper samt om additiven är inbundna i polymeren. De olika teknikerna har olika karakteristik avseende detta. Genom att kontrollera och eventuellt förbehandla ingående plastavfallsström kan man styra den kemiska nedbrytningsprocessen och minska bildandet av farliga och oönskade ämnen.För processer som sker under lägre temperatur på upp till 250°C, till exempel upplösning/utfällning och depolymerisering, kommer tillsatsämnets kemiska och termiska stabilitet bestämma hur ämnet påverkas. Detta medför att tillsatsämnena kan vara helt eller delvis nedbrutna, eller helt opåverkade. Därför behöver föroreningsprofil och reaktivitet undersökas för att optimera renhet på slutprodukten. Biprodukten i form av urlakade tillsatsämnen behöver också hanteras, exempelvis via destruktion eller återcirkulering. Om tillsatsämnet är klassat som farligt ämne enligt REACH kan detta ge problem i hantering och utökade krav på tillstånd för återvinningsaktörerna.Under högre temperaturer på 300–1000°C, såsom i solvolys, pyrolys, förgasning och förbränning, kommer organiska molekyler påverkas via termisk eller kemisk nedbrytning. En viss bildning av aromatiska strukturer sker i dessa processer, och återfinns typiskt i fraktionerna tjära eller koks. Sådana ämnen kan därmed hittas i produkter från metoder för kemisk återvinning liksom vid förbränning. Tillsatser i form av färgämnen och flamskyddsmedel kan bilda nedbrytningsprodukter som kan störa processen eller bilda nya farliga ämnen. Förenklat kan man säga att allt som följer med in i dessa processer kan också till någon del komma att ingå i reaktionsprodukter. Så om syre, kväve, svavel, klor eller brom följer med in i processen, så kan nya ämnen bildas där dessa ingår, och detta behöver man beakta om man vill undvika sådana ämnen, antingen genom noggrann förseparering, eller lämpliga reningssteg. Variationerna i hur dessa ämnen hanteras är stora, beroende på specifik teknik och processbetingelser.Användarna av produkter från kemisk återvinning vill inte ha med föroreningar av olika slag i sitt råvaruinflöde. Det talar för att man kommer vara tvungen att säkerställa att oönskade farliga ämnen i vid mening undviks i kemiskt återvunna produktflöden. Kemiska återvinningsanläggningar kommer generellt att lyda under liknande miljölagstiftning som kemiindustri. Det talar för att man kan via tillståndsprocesser och miljörelaterad övervakning bevaka potentiella flöden av farliga ämnen. Rätt utförd kemisk återvinning kan därmed ge en ny möjlighet att hantera kontaminerade plastavfallsströmmar vilket skulle minska miljöpåverkan av dessa farliga ämnen.Särskilt intressanta flödenOlika tekniker passar bättre för olika plastsorter. I tabell
|
|
| 31. |
- Leuzy, Antoine, et al.
(författare)
-
Biomarker-Based Prediction of Longitudinal Tau Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer Disease
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149. ; 79:2, s. 149-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: There is currently no consensus as to which biomarkers best predict longitudinal tau accumulation at different clinical stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective: To describe longitudinal [18F]RO948 tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings across the clinical continuum of AD and determine which biomarker combinations showed the strongest associations with longitudinal tau PET and best optimized clinical trial enrichment. Design, Setting, and Participants: This longitudinal cohort study consecutively enrolled amyloid-β (Aβ)-negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, Aβ-positive CU individuals, Aβ-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and individuals with AD dementia between September 2017 and November 2020 from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 (discovery cohort) and BioFINDER-1 (validation cohort) studies. Exposures: Baseline plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/Aβ40, tau phosphorylated at threonine-217 (p-tau217), p-tau181 and neurofilament light, magnetic resonance imaging, amyloid PET ([18F]flutemetamol), and tau PET ([18F]RO948 in the BioFINDER-2 study; [18F]flortaucipir in the BioFINDER-1 study). Main Outcomes and Measures: Baseline tau PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and annual percent change in tau PET SUVR across regions of interest derived using a data-driven approach combining clustering and event-based modeling. Regression models were used to examine associations between individual biomarkers and longitudinal tau PET and to identify which combinations best predicted longitudinal tau PET. These combinations were then entered in a power analysis to examine how their use as an enrichment strategy would affect sample size in a simulated clinical trial. Results: Of 343 participants, the mean (SD) age was 72.56 (7.24) years, and 157 (51.1%) were female. The clustering/event-based modeling-based approach identified 5 regions of interest (stages). In Aβ-positive CU individuals, the largest annual increase in tau PET SUVR was seen in stage I (entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala; 4.04% [95% CI, 2.67%-5.32%]). In Aβ-positive individuals with MCI and with AD dementia, the greatest increases were seen in stages II (temporal cortical regions; 4.45% [95% CI, 3.41%-5.49%]) and IV (certain frontal regions; 5.22% [95% CI, 3.95%-6.49%]), respectively. In Aβ-negative CU individuals and those with MCI, modest change was seen in stage I (1.38% [95% CI, 0.78%-1.99%] and 1.80% [95% CI, 0.76%-2.84%], respectively). When looking at individual predictors and longitudinal tau PET in the stages that showed most change, plasma p-tau217 (R2= 0.27, P <.005), tau PET (stage I baseline SUVR; R2= 0.13, P <.05) and amyloid PET (R2= 0.10, P <.05) were significantly associated with longitudinal tau PET in stage I in Aβ-positive CU individuals. In Aβ-positive individuals with MCI, plasma p-tau217 (R2= 0.24, P <.005) and tau PET (stage II baseline SUVR; R2= 0.44, P <.001) were significantly associated with longitudinal tau PET in stage II. Findings were replicated in BioFINDER-1 using longitudinal [18F]flortaucipir. For the power analysis component, plasma p-tau217 with tau PET resulted in sample size reductions of 43% (95% CI, 34%-46%; P <.005) in Aβ-positive CU individuals and of 68% (95% CI, 61%-73%; P <.001) in Aβ-positive individuals with MCI. Conclusions and Relevance: In trials using tau PET as the outcome, plasma p-tau217 with tau PET may prove optimal for enrichment in preclinical and prodromal AD. However, plasma p-tau217 was most important in preclinical AD, while tau PET was more important in prodromal AD..
|
|
| 32. |
- Leuzy, Antoine, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic Performance of RO948 F 18 Tau Positron Emission Tomography in the Differentiation of Alzheimer Disease from Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
- 2020
-
Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149. ; 77:8, s. 955-965
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: The diagnostic performance of second-generation tau positron emission tomographic (PET) tracers is not yet known. Objective: To examine the novel tau PET tracer RO948 F 18 ([18F]RO948) performance in discriminating Alzheimer disease (AD) from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this diagnostic study, 613 participants in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study were consecutively enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study from September 4, 2017, to August 28, 2019. Participants included 257 cognitively unimpaired controls, 154 patients with mild cognitive impairment, 100 patients with AD dementia, and 102 with non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. Evaluation included a comparison of tau PET tracer [18F]RO948 with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid and a head-to-head comparison between [18F]RO948 and flortaucipir F 18 ([18F]flortaucipir) in patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). Exposures: [18F]RO948 (all patients) and [18F]flortaucipir (3 patients with svPPA) tau PET; MRI (hippocampal volume, composite temporal lobe cortical thickness, whole-brain cortical thickness) and cerebrospinal fluid measures (p-tau181 and amyloid Aβ42 and Aβ40 ratio[Aβ42/Aβ40], and Aβ42/p-tau181 ratio). Main Outcomes and Measures: Standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in 4 predefined regions of interest (ROIs) reflecting Braak staging scheme for tau pathology and encompass I-II (entorhinal cortex), III-IV (inferior/middle temporal, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal cortex, and amygdala), I-IV, and V-VI (widespread neocortical areas), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values, and subtraction images between [18F]RO948 and [18F]flortaucipir. Results: Diagnostic groups among the 613 participants included cognitively unimpaired (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [12.1] years; 117 men [46%]), mild cognitive impairment (age, 70.8 [8.3] years; 82 men [53%]), AD dementia (age, 73.5 [6.7] years; 57 men [57%]), and non-AD disorders (age, 70.5 [8.6] years; 41 men [40%]). Retention of [18F]RO948 was higher in AD dementia compared with all other diagnostic groups. [18F]RO948 could distinguish patients with AD dementia from individuals without cognitive impairment and those with non-AD disorders, and the highest AUC was obtained using the I-IV ROI (AUC = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99 for AD vs no cognitive impairment and AUC = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99 for AD vs non-AD disorders), which outperformed MRI (highest AUC = 0.91 for AD vs no cognitive impairment using whole-brain thickness, and AUC = 0.80 for AD vs non-AD disorders using temporal lobe thickness) and cerebrospinal fluid measures (highest AUC = 0.94 for AD vs no cognitive impairment using Aβ42/p-tau181, and AUC = 0.93 for AD vs non-AD disorders using Aβ42/Aβ40). Generally, tau PET positivity using [18F]RO948 was observed only in Aβ-positive cases or in MAPT R406W mutation carriers. Retention of [18F]RO948 was not pronounced in patients with svPPA, and head-to-head comparison revealed lower temporal lobe uptake than with [18F]flortaucipir. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, elevated [18F]RO948 SUVRs were most often seen among Aβ-positive cases, which suggests that [18F]RO948 has high specificity for AD-type tau and highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of AD.
|
|
| 33. |
- Lewin, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrids between Rubus caesius and Rubus sect. Corylifolii (Rosaceae) and their relation to R. cyclomorphus, R. tiliaster, R. glauciformis, R. slesvicensis and R. firmus
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 2022:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using flow cytometry and microsatellite DNA analysis (MSDA), we studied hybrids between Rubus caesius and various other Rubus species, with an emphasis on Sweden. We show that hybrids between Rubus caesius and Rubus sect. Corylifolii arise easily. They show a large variation in morphology, but can normally be recognised by a number of characters. They are typically hexaploids, but ~13% of the hybrids are pentaploids and ~8% tetraploids. With MSDA, they are harder to identify than hybrids with R. idaeus, partly because all Corylifolii species have themselves arisen from R. caesius hybrids and therefore share many alleles with R. caesius, partly because hybridisation with R. caesius seems to give rise to some variation in microsatellite regions. Hybrids with species of R. sect. Rubus are much rarer in Sweden and we have only identified one such case. We show that R. cyclomorphus and R. tiliaster are not proper apomictic species, at least not in Sweden, but rather a collection of genetically unrelated hybrids between R. caesius and R. raduloides or R. camptostachys. MSDA analysis of R. slesvicensis and R. firmus shows that these species are problematic. We identify two distinct taxa, one from Skåne in Sweden, which we describe as a new species, R. ruboculus and another from the neighbourhood of Viborg and Schleswig, although the latter is probably not identical with R. slesvicensis s.s. All the other samples form a diverse group of putative R. caesius hybrids at three different ploidy levels. Rubus glauciformis is uniform in Småland, Öland and Blekinge, but becomes harder to distinguish from various hybrids in Skåne. We conclude that once R. caesius and R. idaeus hybrids are properly identified, along with a small number of new apomictic species (often with a local distribution), the genus Rubus does not pose any serious taxonomical problems in Sweden.
|
|
| 34. |
- Lindqvist, Richard, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
An information-model approach for systematic and holistic geometrical inspection and control planning (GICP)
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of the CMSC. - : CMSC. - 2328-6067. ; 4:2, s. 20-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to present research results performed within the field of geometrical inspection and control planning (GICP) applied for complex products. Geometrical and dimensional inspection and control planning are vitally important activities in modern manufacturing of complex products. These functions are interesting to manufacturers due to the demands and focus on quality work and the aim towards zero defects. The GICP model can be extended to a fully automatic process but more likely it will be implemented as a manual iterative and parallel process in the development and industrialization process of complex products. Applications for our new GICP information model will hopefully be implemented and used not only in large manufacturing plants but also in smaller companies that lack easy-to-use instructions and guidelines regarding geometrical inspection and control planning. It will also be instrumental academically, in the education of new industrial metrology engineers. In this article, our new systematic and holistic information model based on the ASTRAKAN modeling language is proposed and presented. The relation and integration of the quality assurance matrix and methodology (QAM) is also discussed and presented.
|
|
| 35. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Addressing Lock-in, Interoperability, and Long-Term Maintenance Challenges Through Open Source : How Can Companies Strategically Use Open Source?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Open Source Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319577340 - 9783319577357 ; , s. 80-88
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This industry paper reports on how strategic use of open source in company contexts can provide effective support for addressing the fundamental challenges of lock-in, interoperability, and longevity of software and associated digital assets. The fundamental challenges and an overview of an ongoing collaborative research project are presented. Through a conceptual model for open source usage in company contexts we characterise how companies engage with open source and elaborate on how the fundamental challenges can be effectively addressed through open source usage in company contexts.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lundell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Effective Strategies for Using Open Source Software and Open Standards in Organizational Contexts : Experiences From the Primary and Secondary Software Sectors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Software. - : IEEE. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 39:1, s. 84-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open source software (OSS) and open standards have become increasingly important for addressing challenges related to lock-in, interoperability and long-term maintenance of systems and associated digital assets. OSS projects operate under different conditions and many projects and organisations consider successful governance and strategic involvement with projects to constitute major challenges. Today, many companies seek to establish work practices which facilitate strategic engagement with OSS projects. Based on findings from collaborative research which draws from rich insights and extensive experiences from practice, the paper presents seven actionable strategies for organisations that seek to leverage long-term involvement with OSS projects.
|
|
| 37. |
- Malmeström, Clas, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum levels of LIGHT in MS
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 19:7, s. 871-876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recently, a polymorphism in the LIGHT gene was shown to increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate if serum levels of LIGHT were affected by this polymorphism and by the disease itself. METHODS: Serum levels of LIGHT were investigated in four cohorts; 1) MS (n = 159) and controls (n = 160) in relation to rs1077667 genotype; 2) MS at relapse (n = 30) vs. healthy controls (n = 26); 3) MS (n = 27) vs. other neurological disease (OND, n = 33); and 4) MS patients before and after one year of treatment with natalizumab (n = 30). RESULTS: Carriers of the GG genotype had the lowest serum levels of LIGHT (p=0.02). Serum levels of LIGHT were increased in MS at relapse in two separate cohorts: vs. healthy controls (p=0.00005) and vs. remission (p=0.00006), other neurological disease (OND) (p=0.002) and OND with signs of inflammation (iOND; p=0.00005). Furthermore, serum levels of LIGHT were decreased by natalizumab treatment (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Soluble LIGHT is an inhibitor of T-cell activation and GG carriers of rs1077667, with the highest risk for MS, had the lowest serum levels. The increased levels of LIGHT at times of increased MS activity suggest that soluble LIGHT is protective and may act to limit inflammation.
|
|
| 38. |
- Mattsson, Brady J., et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing monitoring and transboundary collaboration for conserving migratory species under global change : The priority case of the red kite
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797. ; 317
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calls for urgent action to conserve biodiversity under global change are increasing, and conservation of migratory species in this context poses special challenges. In the last two decades the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) has provided a framework for several subsidiary instruments including action plans for migratory bird species, but the effectiveness and transferability of these plans remain unclear. Such laws and policies have been credited with positive outcomes for the conservation of migratory species, but the lack of international coordination and on-ground implementation pose major challenges. While research on migratory populations has received growing attention, considerably less emphasis has been given to integrating ecological information throughout the annual cycle for examining strategies to conserve migratory species at multiple scales in the face of global change. We fill this gap through a case study examining the ecological status and conservation of a migratory raptor and facultative scavenger, the red kite (Milvus milvus), whose current breeding range is limited to Europe and is associated with agricultural landscapes and restricted to the temperate zone. Based on our review, conservation actions have been successful at recovering red kite populations within certain regions. Populations however remain depleted along the southern-most edge of the geographic range where many migratory red kites from northern strongholds overwinter. This led us to a forward-looking and integrated strategy that emphasizes international coordination involving researchers and conservation practitioners to enhance the science-policy-action interface. We identify and explore key issues for conserving the red kite under global change, including enhancing conservation actions within and outside protected areas, recovering depleted populations, accounting for climate change, and transboundary coordination in adaptive conservation and management actions. The integrated conservation strategy is sufficiently general such that it can be adapted to inform conservation of other highly mobile species subject to global change.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Mattsson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeller för att leda och styra mot social hållbarhet. : lärdomar från ett innovationspartnerskap
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mellan 2020-11-01 och 2023-09-30 har RISE varit medskapande i ett innovationspartnerskap med Kungälv och Mölndals kommun för att gynna det lokala arbetet och bidra till den bredare kunskapsutvecklingen för att stödja kommuners omställning mot ökad social hållbarhet. Denna slutrapport innehåller en beskrivning av innovationspartnerskapet och är ett kunskapsunderlag för fortsatt utvecklingsarbete.Projektet har syftat till att skapa effektiv ledning och styrning mot social hållbarhet genom att utveckla och testa en uppföljningsmodell. Modellen kallas SMASH, vilket står för Systematisk Mätning och Analays av Social Hållbarhet. Modellen utvecklades utifrån de behov kommunerna hade, och innefattar tre delar: en ekonomisk modell för att beräkna vinster av insatser inom socialt arbete och sociala investeringar, en uppföljningsstruktur gällande indikatorer och mål samt ett batteri av verktyg för systematisk verksamhetsutveckling. Både Mölndal och Kungälv valde att arbeta inom arbetsmarknad-/ vuxenutbildningsområdet eftersom det var aktuella processer i båda kommunerna. Modellen kan dock användas inom fler områden.Modellen som utvecklats i projektet ger en bättre förståelse av vad som ska följas upp och hur, bland både politik och verksamhet. Modellen har använts som verktyg för att följa upp och utvärdera insatser och projekt inom ramen för socialt arbete. Modellen kan hjälpa till att följa och styra mot sociala hållbarhetsmål, främst genom att koppla politiska mål till aktiviteter och utfall.De främsta organisatoriska förflyttningarna som skett som en följd av SMASH och Innovationspartnerskapet handlar om ett större fokus på att mäta utfall, inte bara mål, samt en förbättrad samarbetskultur mellan chefer och medarbetare och mellan olika verksamheter och sektorer. SMASH har också lett till en gemensam förståelse och ett gemensamt språk kring uppföljning, en ökad politisk medvetenhet om vikten av realistiska mål och en bättre struktur för uppföljning.En central del i innovationspartnerskapet har varit att involvera parter från olika nivåer i kommunerna och genom dialoger skapa en gemensam förståelse av ägandeskap, ansvar och mandat kring uppföljning av social hållbarhet. Det är i dialogen som det främsta lärandet har skett.Innovationspartnerskapet har skapat utrymme för analys och utveckling kopplat till uppföljning av social hållbarhet. RISE ser att både Kungälv och Mölndal har gjort stora förflyttningar inom ramen för SMASH. Det handlar främst om stärkt helhetstänk och utvecklad systematisk kvalitetsutveckling som i sin tur har flyttat fram kommunernas arbete och fokus på social hållbarhet.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
18F-AV-1451 and CSF T-tau and P-tau as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
- 2017
-
Ingår i: EMBO Molecular Medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4676 .- 1757-4684. ; 9, s. 1212-1223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total-tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) with the tau PET ligand 18F-AV-1451 in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined 30 cognitively healthy elderly (15 with preclinical AD), 14 prodromal AD, and 39 AD dementia patients. CSF T-tau and P-tau were highly correlated (R = 0.92, P < 0.001), but they were only moderately associated with retention of 18F-AV-1451, and mainly in demented AD patients. 18F-AV-1451, but not CSF T-tau or P-tau, was strongly associated with atrophy and cognitive impairment. CSF tau was increased in preclinical AD, despite normal 18F-AV-1451 retention. However, not all dementia AD patients exhibited increased CSF tau, even though 18F-AV-1451 retention was always increased at this disease stage. We conclude that CSF T-tau and P-tau mainly behave as biomarkers of "disease state", since they appear to be increased in many cases of AD at all disease stages, already before the emergence of tau aggregates. In contrast, 18F-AV-1451 is a biomarker of "disease stage", since it is increased in clinical stages of the disease, and is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
|
|
| 43. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing 18F-AV-1451 with CSF t-tau and p-tau for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878. ; 90:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare PET imaging of tau pathology with CSF measurements (total tau [t-tau] and phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) in terms of diagnostic performance for Alzheimer disease (AD).We compared t-tau and p-tau and 18F-AV-1451 in 30 controls, 14 patients with prodromal AD, and 39 patients with Alzheimer dementia, recruited from the Swedish BioFINDER study. All patients with AD (prodromal and dementia) were screened for amyloid positivity using CSF β-amyloid 42. Retention of 18F-AV-1451 was measured in a priori specified regions, selected for known associations with tau pathology in AD.Retention of 18F-AV-1451 was markedly elevated in Alzheimer dementia and moderately elevated in prodromal AD. CSF t-tau and p-tau was increased to similar levels in both AD dementia and prodromal AD. 18F-AV-1451 had very good diagnostic performance for Alzheimer dementia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] ∼1.000), and was significantly better than t-tau (0.876), p-tau (0.890), hippocampal volume (0.824), and temporal cortical thickness (0.860). For prodromal AD, there were no significant AUROC differences between CSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 measures (0.836-0.939), but MRI measures had lower AUROCs (0.652-0.769).CSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 have equal performance in early clinical stages of AD, but 18F-AV-1451 is superior in the dementia stage, and exhibits close to perfect diagnostic performance for mild to moderate AD.This study provides Class III evidence that CSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 PET have similar performance in identifying early AD, and that 18F-AV-1451 PET is superior to CSF tau in identifying mild to moderate AD.
|
|
| 44. |
- Mattsson, Niclas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of perturbations in a dynamic system – The case of Nordic power production
- 2008
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use a dynamic model of the production of electricity and district heat in the Nordic countries to investigate the effects of small changes in the Nordic power-supply system. Our aim is to improve the understanding concerning marginal effects in this system and in dynamic production systems in general. Specifically, we investigate the effects of an earlier closing of a nuclear reactor, and of increases in short-term and long-term electricity demand. Our results demonstrate that a long-term perturbation has both short-term and long-term effects. To account for short-term effects only can be a serious limitation in a study aiming at describing the effects of decisions. Marginal effects in a dynamic system are likely to involve a complex and uncertain mix of different technologies. The magnitude of the effects can be greater than the perturbation itself and remain long after it has ended. Perturbations in one production system can also have marginal effects outside this system.
|
|
| 45. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Greater tau load and reduced cortical thickness in APOE ε4-negative Alzheimer’s disease : a cohort study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by aggregated β-amyloid and tau proteins, but the clinical presentations and patterns of brain atrophy vary substantially. A part of this heterogeneity may be linked to the risk allele APOE ε4. The spread of tau pathology is related to atrophy and cognitive decline, but little data exist on the effects of APOE ε4 on tau. The objective of this preliminary study was therefore to test if tau load and brain structure differ by APOE ε4 in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Sixty-five β-amyloid-positive patients at the prodromal and dementia stages of Alzheimer’s disease were enrolled, including APOE ε4-positive (n = 46) and APOE ε4-negative (n = 19) patients. 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography was used to measure tau and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure cortical thickness. Results: Compared with their APOE ε4-positive counterparts, APOE ε4-negative patients had greater tau load and reduced cortical thickness, with the most pronounced effects for both in the parietal cortex. Relative to the overall cortical tau load, APOE ε4-positive patients had greater tau load in the entorhinal cortex. APOE ε4-positive patients also had slightly greater cortical β-amyloid load. There was an interaction between APOE ε4 and 18F-AV-1451 on cortical thickness, with greater effects of 18F-AV-1451 on cortical thickness in APOE ε4-negative patients. APOE ε4 and 18F-AV-1451 were independent predictors of cognition, but showed distinct associations with different cognitive tests. Conclusions: APOE genotype may be associated with differences in pathways in Alzheimer’s disease, potentially through differential development and spread of tau, as well as through effects on cognitive outcomes involving non-tau-related mechanisms.
|
|
| 46. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting diagnosis and cognition with 18F-AV-1451 tau PET and structural MRI in Alzheimer's disease
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:4, s. 570-580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The relative importance of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) to predict diagnosis and cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. Methods: We tested 56 cognitively unimpaired controls (including 27 preclinical AD), 32 patients with prodromal AD, and 39 patients with AD dementia. Optimal classifiers were constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with 18F-AV-1451 (tau) PET and structural MRI data (regional cortical thickness and subcortical volumes). Results: 18F-AV-1451 in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform, and inferior parietal lobule had 93% diagnostic accuracy for AD (prodromal or dementia). The MRI classifier involved partly the same regions plus the hippocampus, with 83% accuracy, but did not improve upon the tau classifier. 18F-AV-1451 retention and MRI were independently associated with cognition. Discussion: Optimized tau PET classifiers may diagnose AD with high accuracy, but both tau PET and structural brain MRI capture partly unique information relevant for the clinical deterioration in AD.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Mattsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Sympathetic Nerve Dysfunction is Common in Patients With Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1539-2031 .- 0192-0790. ; 42:2, s. 174-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GOAL: To clarify whether disturbances in the autonomic nervous system, reflected in abnormal cardiovascular reflexes, could explain symptoms of impaired heat regulation in patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. BACKGROUND: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse, unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms due to damage to the enteric nervous system or the smooth muscle cells. These patients often complain of excessive sweating or feeling cold, suggesting disturbances in the autonomic nervous system. Earlier studies have pointed to a coexistence of autonomic disturbances in the enteric and cardiovascular nervous system. STUDY: Thirteen consecutive patients (age range 23 to 79, mean 44 y) fulfilling the criteria for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction were investigated. Six of them complained of sweating or a feeling of cold. Examination of autonomic reflexes included heart rate variation to deep-breathing (expiration/inspiration index), heart rate reaction to tilt (acceleration index, brake index), and vasoconstriction (VAC) due to indirect cooling by laser doppler (VAC-index; high index indicates impaired VAC). Test results in patients were compared with healthy individuals. RESULTS: Patients had significantly higher (more abnormal) median VAC-index compared with healthy controls [1.79 (interquartile ranges 1.89) vs. 0.08 (interquartile ranges 1.29); P=0.0007]. However, symptoms of impaired heat regulation were not related to the VAC-index. There were no differences in expiration/inspiration, acceleration index, or brake index between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with severe gastrointestinal dysmotility showed impaired sympathetic nerve function which, however, did not seem to be associated with symptoms of impaired heat regulation.
|
|
| 49. |
- Meaney, Paul, et al.
(författare)
-
Vertebrae Transmission Probe Testing - Preliminary Bone Measurements
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP. - : IEEE. - 9788831299077 - 9781665475419
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are developing a new transmission-based probe for assessing vertebrae strength via the differences between the dielectric properties of normal and osteoporotic bone. The probes are simple open-ended coaxial cables that will fit easily into the pedicle canals drilled by the surgeons before implanting screws to secure the supporting instrumentation. If the screws pull because of bone weakness, it can inflict a wide range of complications. In the progression towards actual clinical trials, we have already validated the approach on different liquids with varying dielectric properties. In this study, we assess actual animal bone samples as a precursor to human investigations. We exploit the fact that the trabecular bone is considerably different on opposite sides of the growth plate of long bones such as the femur - somewhat mimicking differences between normal and osteoporotic bone. For these experiments, we show that the properties of the distal and proximal sections are considerably different and present opportunities to exploit them in a diagnostic setting
|
|
| 50. |
- Meijer, Tomas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Endoparasites in the endangered Fennoscandian population of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 57:4, s. 923-927
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fennoscandian arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population is endangered due to overharvest and competition with the larger red fox (Vulpes vulpes). In this study, we have screened the population in Sweden for endoparasites by analysis of non-invasively faecal samples collected at reproductive dens during two summers, one with low food abundance (2008) and the other with high food abundance (2010). Eggs, larvae and oocysts of a total of 14 different endoparasites were identified with a species richness per inhabited den of 3.2 (CI95% +/- 0.48) in 2008 and 2.7 (CI95% +/- 0.72) in 2010. Capillariidae-like eggs was identified at 59% of the dens in 2008 and 57% in 2010 and Toxocara canis with 7% (2008) and 30% (2010); Toxascaris leonina with 93% (2008) and 65% (2010); Uncinaria stenocephala 65% (2008) and 39% (2010); Crenosoma vulpis 3% (2008) and 4% (2010); Trichuris sp. 7% (2008) and 4% (2010); Cystoisospora canis-like oocysts 28% (2008) and 26% (2010); Cystoisospora ohiensis-like oocysts 38% (2008) and 4% (2010); Eimeria sp. 7% (2008) and 9% (2010); Sarcocystis sp. 3% (2008) and 9% (2010); Taenia sp. 10% (2008) and 4% (2010); Mesocestoides sp. 3% (2008) and 0% (2010); Balantidium sp. 0% (2008) and 9% (2010) and Spiruroidea-like eggs 0% (2008) and 4% (2010). To our knowledge, Balantidium sp., Sarcocystis sp. and Trichuris sp. has never been described before in wild arctic foxes.
|
|
