| 1. |
- Sarneel, Judith M., et al.
(author)
-
Reading tea leaves worldwide : decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization
- 2024
-
In: Ecology Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 27:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models.
|
|
| 2. |
- Elmer, Steven, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of Locomotor Muscle Fatigue on Joint-specific Power Production During Cycling
- 2012
-
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 44:8, s. 1504-1511
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Previous authors have reported reductions in maximum power after high-intensity cycling exercise. Exercise-induced changes in power produced by ankle, knee, and hip joint actions (joint-specific powers), however, have not been reported. PURPOSE: To evaluate joint-specific power production during a cycling time trial (TT) and also compare pre- to post-TT changes in maximal cycling (MAXcyc) joint-specific powers. METHODS: Ten cyclists performed MAXcyc trials (90rpm) before and after a 10min TT (28810W, 90rpm). Pedal forces and limb kinematics were determined with a force-sensing pedal and an instrumented spatial linkage, respectively. Joint-specific powers were calculated and averaged over complete pedal cycles and over extension and flexion phases. RESULTS: Pedal and joint-specific powers did not change during the TT. Pedal power produced during post-TT MAXcyc was reduced by 323% (P<0.001) relative to pre-TT. Relative changes in ankle plantar flexion (435%) and knee flexion powers (525%) were similar but were greater than changes in knee extension (124%) and hip extension powers (286%) (both P<0.05). Pedal and joint-specific powers produced during post-TT MAXcyc were greater than those powers produced during the final 3s of the TT (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Exercise-induced changes in MAXcyc power manifested with differential power loss at each joint action with ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion exhibiting relatively greater fatigue than knee extension and hip extension. However, changes in MAXcyc joint-specific powers were not presaged by changes in TT joint-specific powers. We conclude that fatigue induced via high-intensity cycling does not alter submaximal joint-specific powers but has distinct functional consequences for MAXcyc joint-specific powers
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
