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- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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- NorrbyTeglund, A, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for the presence of streptococcal-superantigen-neutralizing antibodies in normal polyspecific immunoglobulin G
- 1996
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 64:12, s. 5395-5398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently we demonstrated that normal polyspecific immunoglobulin given intravenously (IVIG) and plasma samples from patients treated with IVIG neutralize the mitogenic and cytokine-inducing activities of group A streptococcal (GAS) superantigens. Here we investigated whether this neutralizing activity is mediated by antibodies to these superantigens. IVIG and plasma samples collected from a patient with GAS necrotizing fasciitis post-IVIG infusions markedly inhibited the mitogenic activity elicited by the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins SpeB and SpeC, as well as by GAS culture supernatant. Immunoblot analysis showed marked increases in the levels of antibodies to SpeC and proteins in the GAS culture supernatant in post-IVIG over those of pre-IVIG plasma samples. Removal of antisuperantigen antibodies in IVIG by adsorption to SpeC- and GAS culture supernatant-coupled Sepharose markedly reduced the neutralizing ability of IVIG against respective stimuli. The neutralizing activity was totally recovered in the eluted antibodies. By contrast, although pre- and post-IVIG plasma samples contained antibodies to SpeA, these antibodies did not block the activity of this superantigen. Nonspecific immunomodulatory activity of IVIG was ruled out because neither the IVIG nor the affinity-purified antibodies significantly inhibited the response to the polyclonal T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin A. These data provide direct evidence that the neutralizing activity in IVIG, and in patient plasma samples following IVIG treatment is mediated by antibodies to superantigens and indicate that the quality rather than the quantity of these antibodies may be more clinically relevant.
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- Behrouzi, Bahar, et al.
(författare)
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Influenza Vaccination to Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 : JACC State-of-the-Art Review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 76:15, s. 1777-1794
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral respiratory infections are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Underlying CVD is also associated with an increased risk of complications following viral respiratory infections, including increased morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization. Globally, these phenomena are observed with seasonal influenza and with the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Persons with CVD represent an important target population for respiratory virus vaccines, with capacity developed within 3 large ongoing influenza vaccine cardiovascular outcomes trials to determine the potential cardioprotective effects of influenza vaccines. In the context of COVID-19, these international trial networks may be uniquely positioned to redeploy infrastructure to study therapies for primary and secondary prevention of COVID-19. Here, we describe mechanistic links between influenza and COVID-19 infection and the risk of acute cardiovascular events, summarize the data to date on the potential cardioprotective effects of influenza vaccines, and describe the ongoing influenza vaccine cardiovascular outcomes trials, highlighting important lessons learned that are applicable to COVID-19.
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