| 1. |
- Haas, Tigran, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : the future of public space
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Design International. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1357-5317 .- 1468-4519. ; 24:1, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kovacs-Gyoeri, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and Challenges of Geospatial Analysis for Promoting Urban Livability in the Era of Big Data and Machine Learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2220-9964. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban systems involve a multitude of closely intertwined components, which are more measurable than before due to new sensors, data collection, and spatio-temporal analysis methods. Turning these data into knowledge to facilitate planning efforts in addressing current challenges of urban complex systems requires advanced interdisciplinary analysis methods, such as urban informatics or urban data science. Yet, by applying a purely data-driven approach, it is too easy to get lost in the 'forest' of data, and to miss the 'trees' of successful, livable cities that are the ultimate aim of urban planning. This paper assesses how geospatial data, and urban analysis, using a mixed methods approach, can help to better understand urban dynamics and human behavior, and how it can assist planning efforts to improve livability. Based on reviewing state-of-the-art research the paper goes one step further and also addresses the potential as well as limitations of new data sources in urban analytics to get a better overview of the whole 'forest' of these new data sources and analysis methods. The main discussion revolves around the reliability of using big data from social media platforms or sensors, and how information can be extracted from massive amounts of data through novel analysis methods, such as machine learning, for better-informed decision making aiming at urban livability improvement.
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| 4. |
- Kovacs-Györi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing and representing livability through the analysis of residential preference
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livability reflects the quality of the person-environment relationship, namely how well the built environment or the available services in a city fulfill the residents' needs and expectations. We argue that livability assessment can aid the implementation of certain New Urban Agenda (NUA) goals by providing a flexible way to assess urban environments and their quality. However, a reliable and transferable assessment framework requires the key elements of livability to be defined in such a way that measurable factors adequately represent the person-environment relationship. As an innovative approach, we determined key livability elements accordingly and asked over 400 residents worldwide to evaluate their urban environments using these parameters. Thereby, we could calibrate the livability assessment workflow by including personal aspects and identifying the most relevant livability factors through an ordinal regression analysis. Next, we performed relational-statistical learning in order to define the individual and combined contribution of these statistically significant factors to the overall livability of a place. We found that urban form and mobility-related factors tend to have the highest influence on residential satisfaction. Finally, we tested the robustness of the assessment by using geospatial analysis to model the livability for the city of Vienna, Austria. We concluded that the workflow allows for a reliable livability assessment and for further utilization in urban planning, improving urban quality by going beyond simple city rankings.
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| 5. |
- Laurini, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Regional knowledge management and sustainable regional development: In quest of a research and knowledge agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: Knowledge Management for Regional Policymaking. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 225-258
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge management technology is now ubiquitous in many businesses, yet it is much less common among local authorities. Following a "brainstorm meeting" in Lyon on knowledge management for regional planning and policymaking, a proposal was developed to set up a research agendum for future development of this topic. The main difficulty we identified is that regional knowledge encompasses many topics beyond business issues, especially those related to long-term sustainability. The goal of this paper is twofold, first to clarify the proper definitions and boundaries of regional knowledge and technology, and second, to identify the ways of using this technology effectively for governance and decision-making.
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| 6. |
- Locke, Ryan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Landscape Urbanism : evidence from Lafayette Park, Detroit
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Urbanism. - UK : Routledge. - 1754-9175 .- 1754-9183. ; 12:1, s. 34-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The claims made for Landscape Urbanism have been difficult to evaluate, since they rely heavily on theoretical and aspirational arguments, and new projects to date have offered little post-occupancy evidence. However, more specific claims have also been made about historic projects as proposed precedents for Landscape Urbanism, and these offer a more substantial evidence base for the evaluation of claims. Here we take the claimed precedent of Detroit’s Lafayette Park, and evaluate the stated claims for its performance on social, economic and ecological criteria, in light of the available evidence. We conclude with an assessment of broader claims for Landscape Urbanism in light of the evidence we find in Lafayette Park.
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| 7. |
- Locke, Ryan, Researcher, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Heritage as a Generator of Landscapes : Building New Geographies from Post-Urban Decline in Detroit
- 2018
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Ingår i: Urban Science. - : MDPI. - 2413-8851. ; 2:3, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At this historical moment, the urban planning and design professions are confronted with the twin challenges of unprecedented rapid urbanization on the one hand, and declining post-industrial regions on the other. In this environment, there are many different and often conflicting ideas about urban heritage and its relevance for contemporary urban planning and design. In this paper, we look for commonalities and a way forward from among a range of competing urban design models. We examine the illustrative case study of the geography and landscape of Detroit, USA. We consider seven contemporary urban planning and design ideals that dominate the contemporary planning and design discourse and their different views of the past and urban heritage in relation to the approaches in Detroit. From these, we draw a synthesis approach, making several recommendations and observations with a focus on the capacities of so-called “placemaking” approaches. In this paper, urban heritage is understood and examined as contributing a pattern of infrastructure that provides a helpful supportive framework, and (importantly) a set of structural limitations (e.g., historic plot boundaries), that can serve as a generative resource for new urban planning and design. We conclude that the necessary framework for democratic participation and opportunity within urban space can be provided most directly by leveraging the assets of urban heritage.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W.
(författare)
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Assessing Alexander’s Later Contributions to a Science of Cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Science. - : MDPI AG. - 2413-8851. ; 3:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Christopher Alexander published his longest and arguably most philosophical work, The Nature of Order, beginning in 2003. Early criticism assessed that text to be a speculative failure; at best, unrelated to Alexander’s earlier, mathematically grounded work. On the contrary, this review presents evidence that the newer work was a logically consistent culmination of a lifelong and remarkably useful inquiry into part-whole relations—an ancient but still-relevant and even urgent topic of design, architecture, urbanism, and science. Further evidence demonstrates that Alexander’s practical contributions are remarkably prodigious beyond architecture, in fields as diverse as computer science, biology and organization theory, and that these contributions continue today. This review assesses the potential for more particular contributions to the urban professions from the later work, and specifically, to an emerging “science of cities.” It examines the practical, as well as philosophical contributions of Alexander’s proposed tools and methodologies for the design process, considering both their quantitative and qualitative aspects, and their potential compatibility with other tools and strategies now emerging from the science of cities. Finally, it highlights Alexander’s challenge to an architecture profession that seems increasingly isolated, mired in abstraction, and incapable of effectively responding to larger technological and philosophical challenges.
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| 10. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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Correction to : Implementing the New Urban Agenda: the central role of public space (URBAN DESIGN International, (2019), 24, 1, (4-6), 10.1057/s41289-018-0063-2)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Design International. - : Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.. - 1357-5317 .- 1468-4519. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the second paragraph in the second column on page 2 beginning “1. How important are public spaces as engines of human well-being, economic development and social justice, and what are the threats to them, especially from private interests?” the following sentence has been removed: “Setha Low also points to a worrisome diminution of the capacity of public spaces to promote social justice and diversity, replaced by a “politics of exclusion”.” On page 3 of the final sentence of the first paragraph “Ali Madanipour and Setha Low again warn of the danger of unequal access when private sector actors have increasing control over public spaces” has been replaced by “Ali Madanipour again warns of the danger of unequal access when private sector actors have increasing control over public spaces”.
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| 11. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W.
(författare)
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Health and Happiness in the New Urban Agenda : The Central Role of Public Space
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Urban Agenda-the global urbanization framework agreement adopted by acclamation by all 193 countries of the United Nations-contains no fewer than eight paragraphs on the importance of public space, three of which outline its role in achieving "human health and well-being", "attractive and liveable cities", and "physical and mental health". However, there is an urgent need to translate these and other quality of life aspirations contained in this landmark document into measurable targets, tools, and strategies to achieve outcomes. This paper examines the core theories that connect health and well-being to public space as reflected in the document, surveying some of the most relevant research in the field. It then analyzes the document text to identify a number of potentially useful indicators. Finally, it proposes a framework for data gathering, assessment, and iterative progress in achieving the stated goals, concluding with an overview of emerging research and practice, and proposed next steps.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Toward a “Post‐Alexandrian” Agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: Urban Planning. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-7635. ; 8:3, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Christopher Alexander, who died in March 2022, was undeniably one of the most influential, if sometimes controversial, urban thinkers of the last half‐century. From Notes on the Synthesis of Form, his first book and Harvard PhD thesis, to the landmark “A City is Not a Tree,” to the classic best‐sellers A Pattern Language and The Timeless Way of Building, to his more difficult and controversial magnum opus, The Nature of Order, Alexander has left a body of work whose breadth and depth is only now coming into view. Yet Alexander’s legacy is also the subject of intense debate and critique within the planning and design fields. This introduction provides an overview of the thematic issue of Urban Planning titled “Assessing the Complex Contributions of Christopher Alexander.” Its purpose is to provide greater clarity on where Alexander’s contribu-tion is substantial, and where there are documented gaps and remaining challenges. Most importantly, the thematic issue aims to identify fruitful avenues for further research and development, taking forward some of the more promising but undeveloped insights of this seminal 20th‐century thinker.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W.
(författare)
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New Urbanism and the New Urban agenda
- 2019
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Ingår i: A Research Agenda for New Urbanism. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 139-152
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an urgent need to consolidate and disseminate existing research on good urbanism. We need more precise and rigorous definitions about what works, and under what conditions. Better understanding of the crucial economic dimensions of successful implementation is especially lacking. More investigation of the role of urban networks in supporting quality urbanism is needed. Special focus should be given to urban spatial networks and their relation to urban form. There should be more focus on public space as an essential core framework for healthy urbanism and urbanization. What are the geometric parameters and limits of public space and public space networks?
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| 16. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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New Urbanism in the New Urban Agenda : Threads of an Unfinished Reformation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban Planning. - : COGITATIO PRESS. - 2183-7635. ; 5:4, s. 441-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present evidence that New Urbanism, defined as a set of normative urban characteristics codified in the 1996 Charter of the New Urbanism, reached a seminal moment-in mission if not in name-with the 2016 New Urban Agenda, a landmark document adopted by acclamation by all 193 member states of the United Nations. We compare the two documents and find key parallels between them (including mix of uses, walkable multi-modal streets, buildings defining public space, mix of building ages and heritage patterns, co-production of the city by the citizens, and understanding of the city as an evolutionary self-organizing structure). Both documents also reveal striking contrasts with the highly influential 20th century Athens Charter, from 1933, developed by the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne. Yet, both newer documents also still face formidable barriers to implementation, and, as we argue, each faces similar challenges in formulating effective alternatives to business as usual. We trace this history up to the present day, and the necessary requirements for what we conclude is an `unfinished reformation' ahead.
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| 17. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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Public space in the new urban agenda : Research into implementation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Planning. - : Cogitatio Press. - 2183-7635. ; 4:2, s. 134-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Urban Agenda is a landmark international framework for urbanisation for the next two decades, adopted by acclamation by all 193 countries of the United Nations. Nonetheless, implementation remains an enormous challenge, as does the related need for research evidence to inform practice. This thematic issue brings together research from a number of participants of the Future of Places conference series, contributing new research to inform the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda, and with a focus on the fundamental topic of public space creation and improvement.
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| 18. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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Public spaces and private conflicts in the new urban agenda
- 2019
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Ingår i: Wit Transactions on Ecology and The Environment. - : WITPress. - 1746-448X .- 1743-3541. ; 238, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The New Urban Agenda, developed at the UN-Habitat III conference on sustainable urban development and later adopted by consensus by 193 countries, includes nine paragraphs affirming the importance of robust public space networks for sustainable and functional cities. But what are the essential requirements for functional public space in cities? What are the current challenges and shortcomings – especially at a time of rapid urbanization, and the decline of public spaces in many cities? We report on a literature survey done by the Centre for the Future of Places at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as part of a collaboration with UN-Habitat towards implementation of the New Urban Agenda. The literature provides ample evidence that public spaces are arenas for numerous potential conflicts, but also, if properly allocated and structured, places of peaceful co-presence, creative interaction, participation, and co-production. Furthermore, a critical aspect of successful public space is the ability to self-organise into a structure of territorial regions, combining private interiors with connective public edges. We discuss larger lessons for city structure, design and development strategy, and sustainable urbanisation for the future.
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| 19. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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SYMMETRY IN ARCHITECTURE : TOWARD AN OVERDUE REASSESSMENT
- 2021
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Ingår i: Symmetry. - : Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE). - 0865-4824 .- 2226-1877. ; 32:3, s. 311-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mathematical concept of symmetry, in its fullest sense, figured large in architectural history up to the early twentieth century. However, for the better part of a century, architecture and related disciplines have marginalized the consideration of symmetry in favour of a 'functionalist" conception of design. More recently, dramatic developments in mathematics, physics, biology, neuroscience, environmental psychology, and other fields have given new dynamism to the ancient topic of symmetry. These findings carry implications for architecture and other environmental design professions that have, until now, been poorly understood, where they have been considered at all. This paper examines the new findings and what they reveal about current design orthodoxy as well as shedding new light on historic precedents. It concludes that there is an urgent need for a reassessment, toward a new agenda of research and practice.
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| 20. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W.
(författare)
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The Impacts of Symmetry in Architecture and Urbanism : Toward a New Research Agenda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Architecture has an ancient relationship to mathematics, and symmetry-in the broad sense of the term-is a core topic of both. Yet the contemporary application of theories of symmetry to architecture and built environments is a surprisingly immature area of research. At the same time, research is showing a divergence between the benefits of and preferences for natural environments on the one hand, and built environments on the other, demonstrating relatively deleterious effects of many contemporary built environments. Yet the research cannot yet pinpoint the actual geometric factors of architecture and urbanism that could produce such an important divergence. This paper explores this research gap, surveying the literature across a range of fields, and assessing current evidence for the impacts of symmetry in the built environment upon human perception and well-being. As an emerging case study, it considers the recent work by Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros, two trained mathematicians who have made notable contributions to architecture and urbanism. The conclusion proposes a new research agenda toward further development of this immature subject area.
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| 21. |
- Mehaffy, Michael W., et al.
(författare)
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The private lives of public spaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: Companion to Public Space. - New York : Routledge, 2020. : Taylor and Francis. ; , s. 457-466
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are beginning to better understand the complex differentiations of public spaces, and in particular, the ways that more private territories form within public spaces, both formally (e.g. legally permitted sidewalk cafe seating) and informally (e.g. a family picnic on a blanket in a public park). These structures are remarkably complex, intricate and dynamic, and they form as the result of a complex interaction of rules, laws, customs, tacit agreements, and structural adaptations over time. Designers can make use of this knowledge to better support the development of a more dynamic “ecology” of more private zones within public spaces, allowing a more balanced mediation between individual, group and public needs, with fewer conflicts. At the same time, designers and stakeholders can better resist the damage that can occur to the public realm from an over-dominance of private interests. This chapter describes some of the work that has uncovered this structure, and the wider lessons for design and policy.
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