| 1. |
- Arshamian, Artin, et al.
(författare)
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A mammalian blood odor component serves as an approach-avoidance cue across phylum border - from flies to humans
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemosignals are used by predators to localize prey and by prey to avoid predators. These cues vary between species, but the odor of blood seems to be an exception and suggests the presence of an evolutionarily conserved chemosensory cue within the blood odor mixture. A blood odor component, E2D, has been shown to trigger approach responses identical to those triggered by the full blood odor in mammalian carnivores and as such, is a key candidate as a food/alarm cue in blood. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we demonstrate that E2D holds the dual function of affecting both approach and avoidance behavior in a predator-prey predicted manner. E2D evokes approach responses in two taxonomically distant blood-seeking predators, Stable fly and Wolf, while evoking avoidance responses in the prey species Mouse. We extend this by demonstrating that this chemical cue is preserved in humans as well; E2D induces postural avoidance, increases physiological arousal, and enhances visual perception of affective stimuli. This is the first demonstration of a single chemical cue with the dual function of guiding both approach and avoidance in a predator-prey predicted manner across taxonomically distant species, as well as the first known chemosignal that affects both human and non-human animals alike.
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| 2. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The current status and future perspectives for small subcontractors - an empirical study of buyers and sellers in an industrial district
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 9th International Annual IPSERA Conference 2000. - London, Ontario. ; , s. 444-454
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we firstly develop the views of current and future practice in purchasing and supply management by some investigated large corporations. Secondly we addresses the question whether it is possible to analyse the resources of a group of SMEs and from that knowledge come to any conclusion on whether these might become possible co-operative partners matching the coming needs of these large corporations in the future. The basis assumption is that the SMEs will have to find ways to, in substantial ways, improve and enlarge their capabilities. The answer to this set of questions is probably not only a matter of fit, complementary technological resources between the actors i.e. the large corporation and – possibly – a constellation of SMEs. Thirdly we will discuss some possible co-operative patterns, in shape of four ways to create matching resource- (network-) constellations. We will give some empirical illustrations and discuss some of the most critical topics according to each of the four alternatives. The likely success of each of them is essentially contextual, but in what ways?
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| 4. |
- Martinez, Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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An Empirical Study on Data-driven Requirements Elicitation : Reflections from Nordic Enterprises
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Forum at Practice of Enterprise Modeling 2021 (PoEM-Forum 2021). - : RWTH Aachen University. ; , s. 39-48
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a plethora of digital data sources that may be exploited for collecting requirements for system development and evolution. In contrast to human sources, i.e. stakeholders, digital sources continuously generate data that is often not originally created for the purposes of requirements elicitation, e.g. on forums, microblogs, machine-generated trace logs, and sensor data. Streams of large volumes of data can be exploited to enable automation of a continuous requirements elicitation process using AI techniques that combine natural language or machine data processing, with machine learning. On the other hand, the complex characteristics of big data due to its size, lack of structure, high dynamics, and low predictability, present numerous challenges on the process of extracting requirements-related information that would be of a clear value for companies. The purpose of this interview study was to, from the practitioners’ perspective, elicit their overall expectations and needs for a method for the elicitation of system requirements from digital data sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several industrial experts from different business domains and the collected empirical data has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The results lead to the identification of a set of hig-hlevel requirements related to the method for the elicitation from digital data sources.
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