| 1. |
- Celutkiene, Jelena, et al.
(författare)
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Role of cardiovascular imaging in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapies : a position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 22:9, s. 1504-1524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is an important tool in baseline risk assessment and detection of CV disease in oncology patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies. This position statement examines the role of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear cardiac imaging and computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. The Imaging and Cardio-Oncology Study Groups of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the ESC have evaluated the current evidence for the value of modern CV imaging in the cardio-oncology field. The most relevant echocardiographic parameters, including global longitudinal strain and three-dimensional ejection fraction, are proposed. The protocol for baseline pre-treatment evaluation and specific surveillance algorithms or pathways for anthracycline chemotherapy, HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab, vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BCr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are presented. The indications for CV imaging after completion of oncology treatment are considered. The typical consequences of radiation therapy and the possibility of their identification in the long term are also summarized. Special populations are discussed including female survivors planning pregnancy, patients with carcinoid disease, patients with cardiac tumours and patients with right heart failure. Future directions and ongoing CV imaging research in cardio-oncology are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular disease in women : Insights from magnetic resonance imaging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 22:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presentation and identification of cardiovascular disease in women pose unique diagnostic challenges compared to men, and underrecognized conditions in this patient population may lead to clinical mismanagement. This article reviews the sex differences in cardiovascular disease, explores the diagnostic and prognostic role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the spectrum of cardiovascular disorders in women, and proposes the added value of CMR compared to other imaging modalities. In addition, this article specifically reviews the role of CMR in cardiovascular diseases occurring more frequently or exclusively in female patients, including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, connective tissue disorders, primary pulmonary arterial hypertension and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Gaps in knowledge and opportunities for further investigation of sex-specific cardiovascular differences by CMR are also highlighted.
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| 3. |
- Celma Tirado, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Are preserved coastal water bodies in Spanish Mediterranean basin impacted by human activity? Water quality evaluation using chemical and biological analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Spanish Mediterranean basin is particularly susceptible to climate change and human activities, making it vulnerable to the influence of anthropogenic contaminants. Therefore, conducting comprehensive and exhaustive water quality assessment in relevant water bodies of this basin is pivotal. In this work, surface water samples from coastal lagoons or estuaries were collected across the Spanish Mediterranean coastline and subjected to target and suspect screening of 1,585 organic micropollutants by liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility separation and high resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 91 organic micropollutants could be confirmed and 5 were tentatively identified, with pharmaceuticals and pesticides being the most prevalent groups of chemicals. Chemical analysis data was compared with data on bioanalysis of those samples (recurrent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, and estrogenic receptor (ER) inhibition in wetland samples affected by wastewater streams). The number of identified organic contaminants containing aromatic rings could explain the AhR activation observed. For the ER antagonistic effects, predictions on estrogenic inhibition potency for the detected compounds were used to explain the activities observed. The integration of chemical analysis with bioanalytical observations allowed a comprehensive overview of the quality of the water bodies under study.
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| 4. |
- Dürig, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Novel prioritisation strategies for evaluation of temporal trends in archived white-tailed sea eagle muscle tissue in non-target screening
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental monitoring studies based on target analysis capture only a small fraction of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and miss pollutants potentially harmful to wildlife. Environmental specimen banks, with their archived samples, provide opportunities to identify new CECs by temporal trend analysis and nontarget screening. In this study, archived white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) muscle tissue was analysed by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank) for temporal trend analysis were applied as prioritisation methods. A workflow for non-target data was developed and validated using an artificial time series spiked at five levels with gradient concentrations of selected CECs (n = 243). Pooled eagle muscle tissues collected 1965-2017 were then investigated with an eightpoint time series using the validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 14 409 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 207 features with increasing trends. Following unequivocal molecular formula assignment to prioritised features and further elucidation with MetFrag and EU Massbank, 13 compounds were tentatively identified, of which four were of anthropogenic origin. These results show that it is possible to prioritise new CECs in archived biological samples using univariate statistical approaches.
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| 5. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Suspect Screening Reveals Point Source-Specific Patterns of Emerging and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in German and Chinese Rivers br
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56, s. 5456-5465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only a few dozens of the several thousand existing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are monitored usingconventional target analysis. This study employed suspectscreening to examine patterns of emerging and novel PFAS inGerman and Chinese river water affected by industrial pointsources. In total, 86 PFAS were (tentatively) identified andgrouped into 18 structure categories. Homologue patterns revealeddistinct differences betweenfluoropolymer production sites of thetwo countries. In the Chinese Xiaoqing River Basin, the C8homologue was the most prevalent compound of the emergingseries of chlorinated perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (Cl-PFCAs)and perfluoroalkylether carboxylic acids (PFECAs). In contrast, C6and shorter homologues were dominant in the German Alz River.This indicates that the phaseout of long-chain compounds in Europe and their ongoing production in Asian countries also apply tounregulated emerging PFAS classes. Additional characteristics to differentiate the point sources were the peak area ratio ofperfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) versus the emerging compound hydro-substituted PFBS (H-PFBS) as well as the occurrenceof byproducts of the sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer Nafion. The large number of identified unregulated PFASunderlines the importance of a grouping approach on a regulatory level, whereas the revealed contamination patterns can be used toestimate, prioritize, and minimize contributions of specific sources
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| 6. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing spectral quality in complex environmental matrices: Supporting suspect and non-target screening in zebra mussels with ion mobility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of bioaccumulating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) via suspect and non-target screening remains a challenging task. In this study, ion mobility separation with high-resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS) was used to investigate the effects of drift time (DT) alignment on spectrum quality and peak annotation for screening of CECs in complex sample matrices using data independent acquisition (DIA). Data treatment approaches (Binary Sample Comparison) and prioritisation strategies (Halogen Match, co-occurrence of features in biota and the water phase) were explored in a case study on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Ma center dot laren, Sweden's largest drinking water reservoir. DT alignment evidently improved the fragment spectrum quality by increasing the similarity score to reference spectra from on average (+/- standard deviation) 0.33 +/- 0.31 to 0.64 +/- 0.30 points, thus positively influencing structure elucidation efforts. Thirty-two features were tenta-tively identified at confidence level 3 or higher using MetFrag coupled with the new PubChemLite database, which included predicted collision cross-section values from CCSbase. The implementation of predicted mobility data was found to support compound annotation. This study illustrates a quantitative assessment of the benefits of IM-HRMS on spectral quality, which will enhance the performance of future screening studies of CECs in complex environmental matrices.
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| 7. |
- Menger, Frank
(författare)
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Hidden in the Water : Development of screening strategies to identify new organic contaminants of emerging concern
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Man-made chemicals enable and sustain our modern quality of life. These chemicals can, however, become contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). There is currently a considerable lag time between release of chemicals to the environment and their identification as CECs. In fact, many CECs may already be present in the environment but have not been identified. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is currently the technique of choice to identify new CECs. In this thesis, efforts were made to reduce the lag time between release and detection by developing new screening strategies for identification of CECs using HRMS. In an initial critical review of the literature on existing HRMS-based water screening strategies, knowledge gaps on sampling approaches, data processing and prioritisation strategies were identified. Liquid chromatography-HRMS was then used to (tentatively) identify different potential CECs in the Swedish aquatic environment, particularly organohalogen compounds and pesticide transformation products in different time-integrated water samples and bioaccumulating compounds in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Structural information on e.g. characteristic isotopic profiles and structural relation to known pollutants, combined with new forms of metadata and ion mobility separation, proved to be powerful tools for identification of new potential CECs.The new strategies for identification of novel CECs presented in this thesis improve our understanding of CECs in the aquatic environment.
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| 8. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Pesticide Transformation Products in Surface Water Using Suspect Screening Combined with National Monitoring Data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55, s. 10343-10353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pesticides are widespread anthropogenic chemicals and well-known environmental contaminants of concern. Much less is known about transformation products (TPs) of pesticides and their presence in the environment. We developed a novel suspect screening approach for not well-explored pesticides (n = 16) and pesticide TPs (n = 242) by integrating knowledge from national monitoring with high-resolution mass spectrometry data. Weekly time-integrated samples were collected in two Swedish agricultural streams using the novel Time-Integrating, MicroFlow, In-line Extraction (TIMFIE) sampler. The integration of national monitoring data in the screening approach increased the number of prioritized compounds approximately twofold (from 23 to 42). Ultimately, 11 pesticide TPs were confirmed by reference standards and 12 TPs were considered tentatively identified with varying levels of confidence. Semiquantification of the newly confirmed TPs indicated higher concentrations than their corresponding parent pesticides in some cases, which highlights concerns related to (unknown) pesticide TPs in the environment. Some TPs were present in the environment without co-occurrence of their corresponding parent compounds, indicating higher persistency or mobility of the identified TPs. This study showcased the benefits of integrating monitoring knowledge in this type of studies, with advantages for suspect screening performance and the possibility to increase relevance of future monitoring programs.
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| 9. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Review and analysis of PMT substances in water
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien var att studera förekomst av persistenta, mobila organiska miljöföroreningar (PMOC) i svensk vattenmiljö med fokus på risk för förorening av dricksvatten. Kända punktkällor och råvatten för dricksvattenproduktion i Mälarens närområde provtogs och analyserades med hjälp av högupplöst masspektrometeri (HRMS). Avrinning från flygplatser (n = 2), dagvatten (n = 7), lakvatten från deponier (n = 9) avloppsvatten från reningsverk (n = 15) och råvatten för dricksvattenproduktion (n = 3) ingick i studien och analyserades med metoder speciellt anpassade för mobila (polära) ämnen. Screeningen utgick från listor av tänkbara föroreningar som tagits fram genom in silico metoder och omfattade totalt 249 ämnen. Åtta PMOCs bekräftades och 24 identifierades (preliminärt) i vatten från punktkällor och/eller dricksvatten. Varje (preliminärt) identifierad substans som upptäcktes i råvatten återfanns även i flera typer av de påverkade miljöproverna (punktkällorna). De (preliminärt) identifierade substanserna bör undersökas vidare med avseende på ursprung och förekomst i miljön samt bedömas utifrån potentiella risker för miljön och som föroreningar i dricksvatten.
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| 10. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Suspect screening based on market data of polar halogenated micropollutants in river water affected by wastewater
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are known point sources of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to the aquatic environment, but current knowledge is mostly limited to well-known chemical structures. In this study, we sought to identify unknown CECs polluting the aquatic environment through a novel suspect screening approach for organohalogens, i.e. organic halogenated molecules often toxic and resistant to transformation and characterised as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Surface water samples were collected with passive samplers in the Fyris River catchment (Uppsala, Sweden), analysed using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and screened for organohalogens using a suspect screening approach based on market data obtained from a regulatory authority. Thirteen suspects from very different application areas were confirmed or tentatively identified with high confidence, including seven previously unknown structures (diflufenican, chlorzoxazone, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, 2,4-disulfamyl-5-trifluoromethylaniline, 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid, perfluoropentane-1-sufonic acid, (2-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methanesulfonic acid). Spatiotemporal occurrence patterns were detected, which helped to understand the usage pattern of the chemicals and pinpoint potential pollution sources, e.g. specific WWTPs in the catchment. Several of the newly identified structures had virtually no information publicly available and were detected years after their last registered use, which highlights the knowledge gaps and concerns about POPs.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Menger, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-scope screening of polar contaminants of concern in water: A critical review of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based strategies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1588. ; 28
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of chemicals with potential to reach the environment is still largely unknown, which poses great challenges for both environmental scientists and analytical chemists. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is currently the instrumentation of choice for identification of wide-scope polar chemicals of concern (CECs) in water. This review critically evaluates all steps involved in screening for polar CECs in water, including sampling and extraction, analysis by LC-HRMS, data (pre-)treatment, evaluation and reporting. Passive samplers and direct injection, in combination with LC-HRMS, provide new opportunities compared with conventional grab water sampling, as do instrumental advances such as ion-mobility spectrometry coupled to HRMS (IM-HRMS). In this paper, we argue that target, suspect and non-target screening should not be viewed as three separate principles, but rather as conceptual approaches to general data treatment strategies that can be linked together. Due to the large amount of data generated, smart prioritisation strategies are needed, in particular for non-target screening, to reduce complexity and focus on data of high interest. We critically evaluate existing strategies and consider that each prioritisation step will result in data loss (as any other step in a screening study), requiring compromises depending on the research question to be tackled. Many different data treatment strategies have been developed in recent years, but structure elucidation remains a challenging and time-consuming task. We discuss current and potential future trends, e.g. effect-based methods that can be used as future prioritisation tools, technological advances like IM-HRMS and improved software solutions that can enable new data treatment strategies.
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| 13. |
- Mohammed Taha, Hiba, et al.
(författare)
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The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE) : facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide.Results: The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101).Conclusions: The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/).
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| 14. |
- Ordovas, Karen G., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in women with cardiovascular disease : position statement from the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is a position statement from the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) on recommendations for clinical utilization of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in women with cardiovascular disease. The document was prepared by the SCMR Consensus Group on CMR Imaging for Female Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and endorsed by the SCMR Publications Committee and SCMR Executive Committee. The goals of this document are to (1) guide the informed selection of cardiovascular imaging methods, (2) inform clinical decision-making, (3) educate stakeholders on the advantages of CMR in specific clinical scenarios, and (4) empower patients with clinical evidence to participate in their clinical care. The statements of clinical utility presented in the current document pertain to the following clinical scenarios: acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, peripartum cardiomyopathy, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, aortic syndrome and congenital heart disease in pregnancy, bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathies, systemic rheumatic diseases and collagen vascular disorders, and cardiomyopathy-causing mutations. The authors cite published evidence when available and provide expert consensus otherwise. Most of the evidence available pertains to translational studies involving subjects of both sexes. However, the authors have prioritized review of data obtained from female patients, and direct comparison of CMR between women and men. This position statement does not consider CMR accessibility or availability of local expertise, but instead highlights the optimal utilization of CMR in women with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Finally, the ultimate goal of this position statement is to improve the health of female patients with cardiovascular disease by providing specific recommendations on the use of CMR.
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| 15. |
- Schramm, Rene, et al.
(författare)
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Atherosclerosis aggravates ischemia/reperfusion injury in the gut and remote damage in the liver and the lung
- 2011
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Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-908X .- 1023-3830. ; 60:6, s. 555-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We investigated whether mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-associated gut injury and remote liver and lung damage are affected by prevalent atherosclerosis. Methods Mesenteric ischemia was induced in atherosclerotic ApoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) and control C57BL/6 mice by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min. Mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunction and leukocytic inflammation were studied in the terminal ileum by intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVM). Histological analyses included quantitative assessment of parenchymal injury in the terminal ileum, liver and lung. Results In the gut, IVM of the terminal ileum revealed aggravated postischemic microcirculatory dysfunction and absence of reactive hyperemia-induced vasodilation in atherosclerotic mice compared to controls. In addition, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions, i.e. rolling and firm adhesion, were significantly increased in atherosclerotic animals. This was associated with enhanced mucosal tissue damage in ApoE(-/-) mice. Moreover, mesenteric I/R-provoked remote parenchymal injury in the liver was found to be significantly aggravated in atherosclerotic mice. This was accompanied by enhanced neutrophilic lung inflammation in ApoE(-/-) mice. Conclusion Prevalent generalized atherosclerosis not only aggravates splanchnic microcirculatory dysfunction and leukocytic inflammation in response to mesenteric I/R, but also exacerbates mucosal tissue damage and remote injury in the liver and the lung.
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| 16. |
- Schulze, Bastian, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-laboratory mass spectrometry dataset based on passive sampling of drinking water for non-target analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental samples. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments.
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| 17. |
- Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem mapping in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) during the SAS-Oden expedition : Final report
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a result of global warming, the marine ecosystem around the North Pole, the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), is in fast transition from a permanently to a seasonally ice-covered ocean. The sea-ice loss is expected to enable summer access to the CAO for non-icebreaking ships, including fishery vessels, in the near future. However, the lack of knowledge on the CAO ecosystem impedes any assessment of the sustainability of potential future fisheries in the CAO. Taking a precautionary approach, the EU and nine countries in October 2018 signed the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean. This agreement entered into force in June 2021 and a.o. requires the establishment of a joint scientific program to improve the understanding of the CAO ecosystem, including mapping and monitoring. To reduce the existing lack of knowledge, 12 scientists from the EFICA Consortium participated, together with 26 other on-board scientists, in sampling and data collection of ecosystem data during the Swedish SAS-Oden expedition in summer 2021. This report describes the field work performed by the EFICA scientists using water-column acoustics, deep-sea optical observations, and fish, zooplankton, sediment otolith and eDNA sampling for targeting fish, zooplankton and mammals. Further ecosystem data (physical, chemical and biological) were collected by the EFICA scientists in collaboration with other scientists on-board. Together with this report, a metadata database containing lists of all collected samples and data that are relevant for future fish-stock modelling and assessment studies was delivered to the European Commission.
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| 18. |
- Suh, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parasite host switches may trigger disease emergence, but prehistoric host ranges are often unknowable. Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are major human diseases caused by the insect-borne filarial nematodes Brugia, Wuchereria and Loa. Here we show that the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages exclusively share a novel retrotransposon, AviRTE, resulting from horizontal transfer (HT). AviRTE subfamilies exhibit 83-99% nucleotide identity between genomes, and their phylogenetic distribution, paleobiogeography and invasion times suggest that HTs involved filarial nematodes. The HTs between bird and nematode genomes took place in two pantropical waves, >25-22 million years ago (Myr ago) involving the Brugia/Wuchereria lineage and >20-17 Myr ago involving the Loa lineage. Contrary to the expectation from the mammal-dominated host range of filarial nematodes, we hypothesize that these major human pathogens may have independently evolved from bird endoparasites that formerly infected the global breadth of avian biodiversity.
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| 19. |
- Tröger, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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What's in the water? – Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing worry that drinking water can be affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), potentially threatening human health. In this study, a wide range of CECs ( n = 177), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other compounds, were analysed in raw water and in drinking water collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Europe and Asia ( n = 13). The impact of human activities was reflected in large numbers of compounds detected ( n = 115) and high variation in concentrations in the raw water (range 15-7995 ng L & minus;1 for E177 CECs). The variation was less pronounced in drinking water, with total concentration ranging from 35 to 919 ng L & minus;1 . Treatment efficiency was on average 65 +/- 28%, with wide variation between different DWTPs. The DWTP with the highest ECEC concentrations in raw water had the most efficient treatment procedure (average treatment efficiency 89%), whereas the DWTP with the lowest E177 CEC concentration in the raw water had the lowest average treatment efficiency (2.3%). Suspect screening was performed for 500 compounds ranked high as chemicals of concern for drinking water, using a prioritisation tool (SusTool). Overall, 208 features of interest were discovered and three were confirmed with reference standards. There was co-variation between removal efficiency in DWTPs for the target compounds and the suspected features detected using suspect screening, implying that removal of known contaminants can be used to predict overall removal of potential CECs for drinking water production. Our results can be of high value for DWTPs around the globe in their planning for future treatment strategies to meet the increasing concern about human ex-posure to unknown CECs present in their drinking water.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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