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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Damgaard, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557:7705, s. 369-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1x average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourthfifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.
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| 8. |
- Johnston, B. C., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Preparations (Probiotics) for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of 6,851 Participants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0899-823X .- 1559-6834. ; 39:7, s. 771-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE. To determine whether probiotic prophylaxes reduce the odds of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults and children. DESIGN. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), adjusting for risk factors. METHODS. We searched 6 databases and 11 grey literature sources from inception to April 2016. We identified 32 RCTs (n=8,713); among them, 18 RCTs provided IPD (n=6,851 participants) comparing probiotic prophylaxis to placebo or no treatment (standard care). One reviewer prepared the IPD, and 2 reviewers extracted data, rated study quality, and graded evidence quality. RESULTS. Probiotics reduced CDI odds in the unadjusted model (n=6,645; odds ratio [OR] 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.55) and the adjusted model (n=5,074; OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.23-0.55). Using 2 or more antibiotics increased the odds of CDI (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.11-4.37), whereas age, sex, hospitalization status, and high-risk antibiotic exposure did not. Adjusted subgroup analyses suggested that, compared to no probiotics, multispecies probiotics were more beneficial than single-species probiotics, as was using probiotics in clinical settings where the CDI risk is 5%. Of 18 studies, 14 reported adverse events. In 11 of these 14 studies, the adverse events were retained in the adjusted model. Odds for serious adverse events were similar for both groups in the unadjusted analyses (n=4,990; OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.89-1.26) and adjusted analyses (n=4,718; OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.89-1.28). Missing outcome data for CDI ranged from 0% to 25.8%. Our analyses were robust to a sensitivity analysis for missingness. CONCLUSIONS. Moderate quality (ie, certainty) evidence suggests that probiotic prophylaxis may be a useful and safe CDI prevention strategy, particularly among participants taking 2 or more antibiotics and in hospital settings where the risk of CDI is >= 5%.
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| 10. |
- Cruz-Uribe, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Trace element and isotopic zoning of garnetite veins in amphibolitized eclogite, Franciscan Complex, California, USA
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 176:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present major element, trace element, and oxygen isotope data for garnet from an amphibolitized eclogite block from Ring Mountain, Franciscan Complex, California, USA. Garnetite veins 1-5 cm thick are laterally continuous up to 10 m within an Mg-rich blackwall zone of the eclogite block. Complex major and trace element zoning patterns reveal multiple stages of garnet growth in both the matrix and garnetite veins. Similarities in major and trace element zoning between matrix and vein garnet suggest that crystallization of the garnetite veins began toward the end of matrix garnet core growth, and continued throughout the garnet growth history of the rock. Oscillatory zoning in rare-earth elements suggests garnet growth in pulses, with matrix-diffusion-limited growth in between pulses. Oxygen isotope analyses of matrix and vein garnet have a range in delta O-18 values of 5.3-11.1 parts per thousand. Differences in delta O-18 values of up to similar to 4 parts per thousand between garnet core and rim are observed in both the matrix and vein; garnet cores range from 9.8 to 11.1 parts per thousand (median 10.4 parts per thousand), garnet mantles range from 8.3 to 10.0 parts per thousand (median 9.7 parts per thousand), and garnet rims range from 5.8 to 7.8 parts per thousand (median 6.7 parts per thousand). Late-stage vein crystallization appears as a garnet "cement" that fills in a network of small (typically 5-50 mu m) garnet cores, and likely crystallized from an amorphous phase. The low delta O-18 values of this latest stage of garnet growth are consistent with interaction with serpentinites, and likely represent the physical incorporation of the eclogite block into the serpentinite matrix melange.
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| 11. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 12. |
- Cruz-Uribe, Alicia, et al.
(författare)
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A New LA-ICP-MS Method for Ti in Quartz: Implications and Application to HP Rutile-Quartz Veins from the Czech Erzgebirge
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. - : Wiley. - 1639-4488 .- 1751-908X. ; 41:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental determination of the pressure and temperature controls on Ti solubility in quartz provides a calibration of the Ti-in-quartz (TitaniQ) geothermometer applicable to geological conditions up to ~ 20 kbar. We present a new method for determining 48Ti mass fractions in quartz by LA-ICP-MS at the 1 μg g−1 level, relevant to quartz in HP-LT terranes. We suggest that natural quartz such as the low-CL rims of the Bishop Tuff quartz (determined by EPMA; 41 ± 2 μg g−1 Ti, 2s) is more suitable than NIST reference glasses as a reference material for low Ti mass fractions because matrix effects are limited, Ca isobaric interferences are avoided, and polyatomic interferences at mass 48 are insignificant, thus allowing for the use of 48Ti as a normalising mass. Average titanium mass fraction from thirty-three analyses of low temperature quartz from the Czech Erzgebirge is 0.9 ± 0.2 μg g−1 (2s) using 48Ti as a normalising mass and Bishop Tuff quartz rims as a reference material. The 2s average analytical uncertainty for individual analyses of 48Ti is 8% for 50 μm spots and 7% for 100 μm spots, which offers much greater accuracy than the 21–41% uncertainty (2s) incurred from using 49Ti as an analyte.
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| 15. |
- Setlur, Sunita R., et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen-dependent signaling in a molecularly distinct subclass of aggressive prostate cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:11, s. 815-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The majority of prostate cancers harbor gene fusions of the 5'-untranslated region of the androgen-regulated transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) promoter with erythroblast transformation-specific transcription factor family members. The common fusion between TMPRESS2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype, implying the existence of a distinct subclass of prostate cancer defined by this fusion. METHODS: We used complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, ligation, and extension to determine the expression profiles of 6144 transcriptionally informative genes in archived biopsy samples from 455 prostate cancer patients in the Swedish Watchful Waiting cohort (1987-1999) and the United States-based Physicians(') Health Study cohort (1983-2003). A gene expression signature for prostate cancers with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was determined using partitioning and classification models and used in computational functional analysis. Cell proliferation and TMPRSS2-ERG expression in androgen receptor-negative (NCI-H660) prostate cancer cells after treatment with vehicle or estrogenic compounds were assessed by viability assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified an 87-gene expression signature that distinguishes TMPRSS2-ERG fusion prostate cancer as a discrete molecular entity (area under the curve = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.792 to 0.81; P < .001). Computational analysis suggested that this fusion signature was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Viability of NCI-H660 cells decreased after treatment with estrogen (viability normalized to day 0, estrogen vs vehicle at day 8, mean = 2.04 vs 3.40, difference = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.62) or ERbeta agonist (ERbeta agonist vs vehicle at day 8, mean = 1.86 vs 3.40, difference = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.69) but increased after ERalpha agonist treatment (ERalpha agonist vs vehicle at day 8, mean = 4.36 vs 3.40, difference = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.23). Similarly, expression of TMPRSS2-ERG decreased after ERbeta agonist treatment (fold change over internal control, ERbeta agonist vs vehicle at 24 hours, NCI-H660, mean = 0.57- vs 1.0-fold, difference = 0.43-fold, 95% CI = 0.29- to 0.57-fold) and increased after ERalpha agonist treatment (ERalpha agonist vs vehicle at 24 hours, mean = 5.63- vs 1.0-fold, difference = 4.63-fold, 95% CI = 4.34- to 4.92-fold). CONCLUSIONS: TMPRSS2-ERG fusion prostate cancer is a distinct molecular subclass. TMPRSS2-ERG expression is regulated by a novel ER-dependent mechanism.
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| 16. |
- Soares, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of Apatites as Potential Uranium Reference Materials for Fission-track Dating by LA-ICP-MS
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. - 1639-4488. ; 39:3, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- k crystal (6.9gg(-1)U). The relative standard deviation (1 RSD) of the U concentration determined by ID-ICP-MS of both apatite crystals was 1.5%, whereas 1 RSD for the We report homogeneity tests on large natural apatite crystals to evaluate their potential as U reference materials for apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The homogeneity tests include the measurements of major element concentrations by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), whereas for U concentration, isotope dilution (ID) ICP-MS and laser ablation (LA) ICP-MS were employed. Two apatite crystals are potential reference materials for LA-ICP-MS analysis: a 1cm(3) fraction of a Durango crystal (7.5gg(-1)U) and a 1cm(3) Mud TanLA-ICP-MS results was better than 4%, providing sufficient homogeneity for fission-track dating. The results on the U homogeneity for two different apatite samples are an important step towards establishing in situ dating routines for AFT analysis by LA-ICP-MS. Nous restituons des tests d'homogeneite sur des grands cristaux d'apatite naturelle afin d'evaluer leur potentiel en tant que materiaux de reference pour l'U en vue d'une application dans le domaine de la thermochronologie par traces de fission sur apatite (AFT) par spectrometrie de masse a plasma induit couplee a l'ablation laser (LA-ICP-MS). Les tests d'homogeneite incluent des mesures des concentrations en elements majeurs par microsonde electronique (EPMA), alors que pour la concentration en U, la dilution isotopique (ID) ainsi que l'ablation laser (LA) ICP-MS ont ete employees. Deux cristaux d'apatite sont des materiaux de reference possibles pour les analyses LA-ICP-MS: une fraction d'1 cm(3) d'un cristal de Durango (7,5 mu gg(-1)U) et un cristal d'1cm(3) de Mud Tank (6,9 mu gg(-1)U). L'ecart type relatif (1RSD) de la concentration en U determinee par ID-ICP-MS des deux cristaux d'apatite est 1,5%, tandis que celui pour les resultats LA-ICP-MS est inferieur a 4%, offrant ainsi une homogeneite suffisante pour les datations par la methode des traces de fission sur apatite. Les resultats concernant l'homogeneite de l'U pour deux echantillons differents d'apatite sont une etape importante vers la possibilite d'envisager des datations AFT in situ en routine par LA-ICP-MS.
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