| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bernhard, Irene, 1953-
(författare)
-
E-government and E-governance : Local Implementation of E-government Polices in Sweden
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is recognized in international research that the public sector has been transformed into a networked, open and more flexible, informal and interactive governance structure. This is described as a transition from “government to governance”. Sweden is one of the international leaders with regards to e-government development. The objective of this thesis is to provide a deeper understanding of how e-government policies are implemented in an e-governance context, through empirical case studies in Sweden. The focus is on the local level. The overall research question is: How is e-government policy put into practice when focusing on the local level? This is reported in four articles.Case study methodology is used as research method, including interviews, focus group interviews, document studies, and some participatory observations. The analysis is partly based on an inductive methodological approach, since this is a new, emerging field of innovative policy and practice.The analysis arrives at three overarching conclusions: (1) In practice, when e-government policy is implemented and translated at the local level, it tends to happen in an e-governance setting conducted by policy entrepreneurs or promoted by entrepreneurial behaviour in public administration. E-government policies are implemented in relation to local cultures, norms and economic structures. (2) Implementation of e-government and e-governance initiatives requires trust in the service provision among public administrators as well as among citizens. Efficiency and citizen-centred approaches in the redesign of information relationships between public administration and citizens to create some sort of added value are crucial. (3) The thesis indicates that there are two main implications of municipal contact centres (CCs): they localize public services and they combine different services into a one-stop practice striving to provide “holistic” services to the individual citizen. However, although the use of ICT is essential for the organisational transformation, the results indicate that the organisational settings and internal anchoring are greater constraints than new technology for implementation of local e-government and e-governance initiatives in the form of contact centres. One example for potential added value is the source of information of citizens’ issues through the implementation of municipal contact centres, which may have a positive impact on the conditions for local planning.
|
|
| 4. |
- Callmer, Åsa, 1982-
(författare)
-
Making sense of sufficiency : Entries, practices and politics
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The affluent groups and societies in the world have made material consumption part of their lifestyle. Today, overconsumption has come to constitute an acute environmental problem, both with regards to the natural resources needed to satisfy our ever-growing wants, and to the mountains of waste it leaves behind.Starting from a global justice perspective and from an understanding of sustainability as keeping within the planetary boundaries, this thesis argues that it is urgent that affluent individuals, groups and societies develop a sense of sufficiency, of “good and enough”. Focusing on sufficiency in the area of material consumption, this thesis explores paths that could be taken to strengthen sufficiency as an idea and value within a consumerist society and culture, and aims to answer the overarching question of how an affluent society might orient itself towards sufficiency. Against the background framework of political ecology, relational geography and sustainable consumption literature, sufficiency is framed as a question of responsibility – the responsibility of the affluent individuals, groups and societies in the world to refrain from taking more than their fair share, or, in other words, to withdraw from their excess environmental space.Two cases of sufficiency-related practice in Sweden are studied: one of individuals who actively and voluntarily reduce their consumption to only the basics over the period of one year, and one of individuals using the ‘’KonMari Method’’ to declutter their homes. The thesis shows that the difference between these practices in regard to consumption is a question of intentionality: The buy-nothing practitioners intentionally want to stop consuming, whereas the majority of the KonMariers – as a result of their practice – eventually cease to want to consume, despite the absence of this as an original driver. These results point to the importance of looking at different kinds of entry into more sufficient consumption practices, and at the motivations behind them when it comes to policies aimed at reducing material consumption. The findings further serve to create an understanding for how a sense of sufficiency might develop in an affluent context.Based on literature discussing a framework for a politics of sufficiency and on interviews with public officials and civil society representatives working with sustainable consumption at different levels in Sweden, this thesis further explores the obstacles to and potential for orienting an affluent society towards sufficiency. Certain potential for a more sufficiency-oriented future is identified, not least in terms of a cultural shift and elements of “sufficiency thinking” among the informants. However, the thesis stresses the importance of rethinking our understanding of limits, being outspoken about what the existence of planetary boundaries implies in terms of limiting resource use and defining clear goals that respect those boundaries and emphasize societal values at the basis of ‘the good life’, such as well-being, health and ecological sustainability.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carstens, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
Insights from Testing a Modified Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways Approach for Spatial Planning at the Municipal Level
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) approach has successfully been used to manage uncertainties in large infrastructure projects. However, the viability of the DAPP approach for spatial planning in smaller municipal settings is not clear. This paper examines opportunities and constraints of using adaptive pathways approaches to help small municipalities plan for future sea-level rise. The methodology was based on developing a simplified DAPP-approach, which was tested in a multiple experimental case study of spatial planning projects in three municipalities in Sweden. The results show that the approach promoted vulnerability-based thinking among the end-users and generated new ideas on how to manage the uncertain long-term impacts of future sea-level rise. However, the increased understanding of uncertainties was used to justify static, rather than adaptive, solutions. This somewhat surprising outcome can be explained by perceived legal constraints, lack of experience of adaptive pathways, and unwillingness to prescribe actions that could prove difficult to enforce in the future. More research is needed to further understand at what planning phases dynamic policy pathway approaches work best and how current barriers in legislation, practices, mind-set, organization, and resources can be overcome.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Cooper, Ian R., et al.
(författare)
-
Discovery and structure-activity relationships of a novel isothiazolone class of bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 26:17, s. 4179-4183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent and unmet medical need for new antibacterial drugs that tackle infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. During the course of our wider efforts to discover and exploit novel mechanism of action antibacterials, we have identified a novel series of isothiazolone based inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerase. Compounds from the class displayed excellent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with encouraging activity against a panel of MDR clinical Escherichia coli isolates when compared to ciprofloxacin. Representative compounds also displayed a promising in vitro safety profile.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Ebersole, Charles R., et al.
(författare)
-
Many Labs 5: Testing Pre-Data-Collection Peer Review as an Intervention to Increase Replicability
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : Sage. - 2515-2467 .- 2515-2459. ; 3:3, s. 309-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replication studies in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If these studies use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data-collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) for which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection; only one of these studies had yielded a statistically significant effect (p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate the original effects. We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replication studies. We administered the RP:P and revised protocols in multiple laboratories (median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5, range = 3-9; median total sample = 1,279.5, range = 276-3,512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, following the preregistered analysis plan, we found that the revised protocols produced effect sizes similar to those of the RP:P protocols (Delta r = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for the revised protocols (r = .05) was similar to that of the RP:P protocols (r = .04) and the original RP:P replications (r = .11), and smaller than that of the original studies (r = .37). Analysis of the cumulative evidence across the original studies and the corresponding three replication attempts provided very precise estimates of the 10 tested effects and indicated that their effect sizes (median r = .07, range = .00-.15) were 78% smaller, on average, than the original effect sizes (median r = .37, range = .19-.50).
|
|
| 13. |
- Feiz, Roozbeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Avfall kan omvandlas till en ny resurs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Om gruv- och stålindustrin menar allvar med att öka det egna medvetandet om vad som är cirkulärt, så måste omställningen börja nu. Det skriver debattörer i en slutreplik om kalkbrytningen på Gotland.
|
|
| 14. |
- Feiz, Roozbeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Ojnareskogen en möjlighet för industrin
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett Natura 2000-område på Gotland – som sätter stopp för kalkbrytning – kan öppna upp för en omställning av svensk basindustri. Kalk är viktig för industrin. Men mineralerna behöver inte nödvändigtvis tas från jordskorpan, skriver nio forskare.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Fridlund, Gustav
(författare)
-
Utan tvivel är en inte klok : En studie om personliga skavningar som resurs för praktisk klokhet inom svensk kommunal planering
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How can you as a planner tackle messy realities without losing sight of possible problematic outcomes of what you put in practice? This study explores the value of everyday frictions as a resource for phronetic planning, i.e. the ability to make situated ethical judements of what is ’better’ or ’worse’ in a particular setting. The intent is to offer a situated gaze of frictions from the perspective of a civil servant of the well organised and innovative municipality of Botkyrka in the metropolitan area of Stockholm, Sweden. From this outset, an autoethnographical methodology from a poststructural approach, is used to explore the frictions that the author has experienced as a practicing planner. The study shows that frictions can be used as 'weak signals' to identify possible tricky consequences of the creation and the staging of planning 'simplifications'. Based on this insight a 'seismological' approach to planning is proposed. The argument is that planning practice should on the one hand utilize frictions when they arise and, on the other hand, actively challenge existing 'simplifications'. To achieve this, practical tools are offered to 'evoke', 'narrate' and 'diffract' on frictions and 'trickster-objects' within the constraints of the planner’s role as a municipal civil servant.
|
|
| 17. |
- Frögård, Maja, 1985-
(författare)
-
Negotiating Tensions : Designers’ responsibilities in democratic entanglements
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the roles and responsibilities of designers when we design workshops with democratic ambitions. Reflecting on my experiences from making co-design workshops for citizen participation to support sustainable urban development in municipal planning processes, I inquire into designers’ societal entanglements and explore these from democratic, social, political and designerly perspectives. Designing workshops in municipal planning processes made me curious about the diverse interpretations and practices of democracy. Seeking to make sense of my role in relation to these, I trace intertwinements between design and democracy. I reflect on how industrial designers’ roles are historically entangled with market-driven relations, formed by production and consumption. I also look at how political theory and philosophy articulate tensions within democracy, and criticise neoliberal political rationality for erasing the tension between democracy and capitalism. As designers are entangled in past and present relations affecting our roles and practices, we are affected by, but also influence, what we engage with. Designers who engage with democratic concerns navigate these tensions and thus affect how democracy is practiced. My inquiry into these perspectives led me to argue for designers’ responsibilities and for the need to reorient our practices to respond to democratic issues. Responsibilities need to be articulated in relation to tensions, as well as from within our practices; tensions can help us consider how we orient our practices – in relation to whom, what and where we design. As our relations also form our response-abilities, these reorientations also reshape our abilities to respond in practice, critically and carefully. I propose three concerns to support designers, design students and design researchers in orienting their practices, arguing that it is important to reflect on the concerns of entanglements, tensions, and responsibilities. These concerns focus on designers’ potential of making, on tentatively engaging with and curiously proposing things. My contribution and making of theory are thus for designers to make sense of and take responsibility for in relations shaped through our own particular practices.
|
|
| 18. |
- Gabrielsson, Catharina, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Deleuze and the City
- 2016. - 1
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uses the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari to interrogate what cities can doDefining the lives of a majority of the world’s population, the question of ‘the city’ has risen to the fore as one the most urgent issues of our time – uniting concerns across the terrain of climate policies, global financing, localised struggles and multi-disciplinary research.Deleuze and the City rests on a conviction that philosophy is crucially important for advancing knowledge on cities, and for allowing us to envisage new forms of urban life toward a more sustainable future. It gathers some of the most original thinkers and accomplished scholars in contemporary urban studies, showing how Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophical project is essential for our thinking through the multi-scalar, uneven and contested landscapes that constitute ‘the city’ today.Dispelling the old question of what the city is, this collection provides a nuanced mapping of situations emerging in concrete urban settings across the globe, ranging from the ‘laboratory urbanism' of an Austrian ski resort and a ‘sustainable’ Swedish shopping mall to the ‘urbicidal’ refurbishments of Haifa.
|
|
| 19. |
- Gabrielsson, Catharina, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction: What a City Can Do
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Deleuze and the City. - Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press. - 9781474407595 - 9781474407588 - 9781474407601 - 9781474407618 ; , s. 1-12
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Hillier, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Towns within Towns : From Incompossibility to Inclusive Disjunction in Urban Spatial Planning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: DELEUZE AND GUATTARI STUDIES. - : EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS. - 2398-9777 .- 2398-9785. ; 15:1, s. 40-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We contemplate Deleuze and Guattari's discussion of in/compossibility through engagement with practices of spatial planning and development at the urban fringe in Australia. In such sites of ecosystem transformation, the presence of wildlife, such as mosquitoes, is often deemed incompossible with felicitous human habitation. We suggest that regarding worlds like those of mosquitoes and humans as divergent, rather than incompossible, opens up opportunities for inclusive disjunctive syntheses which affirm the disjoined terms without excluding one from the other. Relating inclusive disjunction to intensive milieu, we call for development of a more milieu-based approach to planning to facilitate more-than-human coexistence differently.
|
|
| 22. |
- Johansson, Nils, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimentalizing the organization of objects: Re-enacting mines and landfills
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Organization. - : Sage Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 23:6, s. 840-863
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we draw upon ‘After-ANT’ scholarship to generate openings for a shift from purely deconstructive studies of object organization to a more straightforward generation of concrete and specific alternative trajectories towards the future by way of ontological experimentation. Through careful empirical investigation of a mine and a landfill, and how these are enacted in practice in different topological registers, we show how mines and landfills are intertwined; enacted sometimes as similar and in other cases as different types of objects, thus shaping the paths of becoming for those bundles of relations that become enacted as either a ‘mine object’ or a ‘landfill object’. Mapping these practices generates openings for interventions suggesting how things could be made different in some specificity; in this case, for example, the appreciation of what constitutes ‘natural resources’. The overarching purpose of this article is to intervene in current debates regarding the potential merits of drawing upon Object-Oriented Philosophy as an inspiration in critical organizational studies. While we are highly sympathetic to calls for more experimental object studies, we are hesitant towards Object-Oriented Philosophy as a source of inspiration due to its specific metaphysical underpinnings. To clarify what we find to be at stake here, we conclude the article by situating After-ANT in a wider landscape of thought, discussing the contrast between broadly pragmatist research approaches, such as After-ANT, and Object-Oriented Philosophy. Finally, we try to spell out how we believe this contrast reverberates upon how we understand the purpose and potential of critical social science.
|
|
| 23. |
- Legacy, Crystal, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond the post-political : Exploring the relational and situated dynamics of consensus and conflict in planning
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Planning Theory. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1473-0952 .- 1741-3052. ; 18:3, s. 273-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Special Issue explores the problematique of the consensus and conflict binary that has emerged in the critical analysis of the post-political urban condition. Focusing on the interstitial spaces existing between consensus and conflict reveals a more relational dynamic that positions consensus and conflict as co-constitutive and continuously being shaped by the performance of politics by state and non-state actors. Critiques of the post-political tend to fail to engage with the conditions that lead to citizen actors acting in political ways beyond the formal processes of planning and decision-making, or when consensus or conflict is used by oppressive politics to produce exclusion and reproduce inequality. In addition to introducing the five papers appearing in this special issue, in this opening editorial, we argue the need to cast attention towards the new expressions of political participation generated by different citizen actors. Critically engaging with these varied expressions may reveal new ways of conceptualising participation that can create new informal spaces where injustices and inequalities are voiced and the structures and hegemonies created are exposed.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lindblad, Jenny, 1988-
(författare)
-
Planning contexts : Bureaucracy and rule relations in French urbanism
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines practices of contextualization in urban planning in Bordeaux. While planning theorists have established the importance of attending to the diversecontexts that shape urban planning, few studies have inquired about the ways urbanplanning activities shape contexts. When the Bordeaux Métropole intercommunal organization set out to reviseits land-use plan, a document positing the regulations applicable for building permitapplications, the resulting plan was intended to be less bureaucratic and more“adapted to context.” I explore the implications of this claim based on fieldworkon rule relations among planners, permit reviewers, metropolitan officials, local politicians, and planning documents. Beginning with the assumption that what is important to plans may be external to their content, I follow the land-use plan from preparation to implementation in the permit review. The activities in Bordeaux are framed through theories on the role of bureaucracy and flexibility in contemporary urban planning, while the issue of context is analyzed through an anthropological lens that understands contexts as never pre-existing, but produced through practices.The study shows how urban planning in Bordeaux unfolded amidst clashing contexts and overlapping temporalities, including national reforms of local government in favor of intercommunal planning and enhancement of shared longterm plans with flexible modalities, planners working for a regulatory framework adaptable to diverse settings, permit reviewers concerned with ensuring the legalaccuracy of permit decisions, and municipal election cycles. The permit review became a strategically important activity in which modalities of flexibility were used to ensure municipal authority in response to a shifting political landscape that empowered the intercommunal government. The revision of the plan to be “adapted to context” came to imply a municipal concern to influence permits in a continuous present, in opposition of the longer-term temporality imposed by a common landuseplan among municipalities within the metropole. In this situation, local planning actors grappled with the distribution of the capacity to define which contextsmattered, at what moment, and by whom those definitions were made. By showing how urban actors selectively deployed divergent views on the notion of context, this study underlines the importance of attending to the politics of contextualizationin urban planning.
|
|
| 25. |
- Mahecha, Miguel D., et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting impacts of extreme events with ecological in situ monitoring networks
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:18, s. 4255-4277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme hydrometeorological conditions typically impact ecophysiological processes on land. Satellite-based observations of the terrestrial biosphere provide an important reference for detecting and describing the spatiotemporal development of such events. However, in-depth investigations of ecological processes during extreme events require additional in situ observations. The question is whether the density of existing ecological in situ networks is sufficient for analysing the impact of extreme events, and what are expected event detection rates of ecological in situ networks of a given size. To assess these issues, we build a baseline of extreme reductions in the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), identified by a new event detection method tailored to identify extremes of regional relevance. We then investigate the event detection success rates of hypothetical networks of varying sizes. Our results show that large extremes can be reliably detected with relatively small networks, but also reveal a linear decay of detection probabilities towards smaller extreme events in log-log space. For instance, networks with approximate to 100 randomly placed sites in Europe yield a >= 90% chance of detecting the eight largest (typically very large) extreme events; but only a >= 50% chance of capturing the 39 largest events. These findings are consistent with probability-theoretic considerations, but the slopes of the decay rates deviate due to temporal autocorrelation and the exact implementation of the extreme event detection algorithm. Using the examples of AmeriFlux and NEON, we then investigate to what degree ecological in situ networks can capture extreme events of a given size. Consistent with our theoretical considerations, we find that today's systematically designed networks (i.e. NEON) reliably detect the largest extremes, but that the extreme event detection rates are not higher than would be achieved by randomly designed networks. Spatio-temporal expansions of ecological in situ monitoring networks should carefully consider the size distribution characteristics of extreme events if the aim is also to monitor the impacts of such events in the terrestrial biosphere.
|
|
| 26. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-
(författare)
-
A more-than-human approach to environmental planning
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Routledge Companion to Environmental Planning. - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Taylor and Francis. - 9781351717403 - 9781138894808 ; , s. 190-199
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents a more-than-human approach to environmental planning, which proceeds from a fundamentally relational understanding of human nature. The purpose of the proposed more-than-human approach is not to introduce some new ‘off-the-shelf’ methodology for best practice but rather to instil some humility regarding humanity’s position in this world and our fundamental existential dependence on a host of other beings and existences. The chapter opens with a short introduction to the philosophical underpinnings of a more-than-human approach. After this, it moves on to discuss what the acceptance of these ideas might imply for how we understand the function and purpose of environmental planning. The subsequent question that is tackled is how such a new understanding of environmental planning can be translated into concrete methods and practice. Finally, the chapter concludes by raising some of the daunting challenges of embarking upon a more-than-human approach to environmental planning.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Connections: an introduction
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Connections. - : Ashgate. ; , s. 3-22
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 33. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Contested framings of urban qualities: Dis/qualifications of value in urban development controversies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 55:10, s. 2300-2316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What makes a place what it is? What makes it valuable? Questions of this type inevitably relate to practices that articulate urban qualities. This paper investigates the processes and practices through which urban qualities are dis/qualified in urban development processes. Such practices frequently tend to focus on particular urban areas and their development, where some concrete and specific situated value is sensed to be at stake, and therefore often come to play out as struggles over the definition of the supposed ‘essence’ of a particular place, and with this, its qualities and value. The paper brings together the literatures of valuation studies and discussions of framing practices in relation to urban development. Drawing upon these theoretical groundings it conceptualises the dis/qualification of urban qualities as a form of ontological politics which articulates value by way of framing practices. Through the analysis of an empirical case drawn from a Swedish context it is argued that although values and qualities can be negotiated, it is nonetheless always highly uncertain to which degree value-negotiations will hold steady further downstream in the urban development process.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Metzger, Jonathan
(författare)
-
Cultivating torment : The cosmopolitics of more-than-human urban planning
- 2016
-
Ingår i: City. - : Routledge. - 1360-4813 .- 1470-3629. ; 20:4, s. 581-601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A more-than-human sensibility is founded upon an awareness of the fundamentally entangled fates of humans and non-humans, from the individual body to the planetary scale. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential impact of such insights on urban planning theory and methodology. I will focus upon exploring possible resources that could serve to institutionalize such a more-than-human sensibility into an everyday practice of urban planning which still today can be described as a ‘tightly woven modernist fabric’. From this angle I review two suggested approaches for radically reforming planning practice: critical planning and technical democracy. I conclude that the ambitions of these reform projects are laudable but that they are fundamentally problematic in that their self-image of limitless inclusiveness makes them blind to the foundational, radical exclusions they themselves perform. As a minor contribution towards an alternative approach, I offer a suggestion for a broad ‘work specification’ aiming at the development of a more-than-human planning methodology. It center-stages the need to find ways to responsibly confront all the difficult questions concerning how, in a world marked by profound relational complexity, urban planning practices that aim to enable the flourishing of some entities and futures inevitably demand the neglect, othering or active eradication of other beings, things and/or potential developments.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Doing Planning Differently : Affective Politics and Atmospheric Engineering in Experimental Deliberative Bubbles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Planning Theory & Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-9357 .- 1470-000X. ; 23:4, s. 518-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procedural planning experiments often attempt to influence how planning actors think through producing physical and social environments that affect how they feel. In this paper such experiments are conceptualized as attempts at generating atmospheric “bubbles” through the engineering of affective atmospheres. Our empirical examples show that purposeful affective engineering is very difficult to achieve–and one cannot expect that their eventual outcomes can be predicted on the basis of the ambitions that underpin them. Therefore, it is crucial to remain attentive to questions concerning the variegated, distributed and often unexpected effects of such endeavors.
|
|
| 38. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-
(författare)
-
Doing Planning Work
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Connections: Exploring contemporary planning theory and practice with Patsy Healey. - : Ashgate. - 9781472431943 ; , s. 219-230
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Förutsättningar för en proaktiv kommunal bostadsplanering
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- UtgångspunkterProfessor Jonathan Metzger, universitetslektor Maria Håkansson och forskningsingenjör Lisa Lundström vid Institutionen för Samhällsplanering och Miljö, KTH har för Hyresgästföreningens Riksförbunds (HGF RF) räkning tagit fram en utredning om markfrågor och fysisk planering på kommunal nivå, med fokus på planering för tillkommande bostadsbebyggelse.Utredningens utgångspunkt är att HGF RF har en bild av att planering av tillkommande bostadsbebyggelse i nuläget sker först när det finns en byggherre som en kommun har kontakt med, varpå planeringen utförs i dialog med denne. Detta kan betecknas som en mer eller mindre explicit exploatörsdriven planeringsmodell för tillkommande bostadsbebyggelse. HGF önskar utreda om denna bild stämmer, samt vilka orsaker som i så fall ligger bakom detta val av tillvägagångssätt. HGF RF intresserar sig också särskilt för vilka effekter ett sådant tillvägagångssätt eventuellt skulle kunna få på processkvaliteten (graden av insyn och förutsägbarhet i processerna) samt outputkvaliteten (kvaliteten och hållbarhetsomsorgen i de bostäder och livsmiljöer som tillskapas) för den tillkommande bostadsbebyggelsen. Ett annat intresseområde hos beställaren rör det juridiska ramverkets eventuella påverkan på kommuners möjligheter att bedriva en proaktiv bostadsplanering med omsorg om process- och outputkvalitet.Studien har inbegripit dokumentstudier, intervjuer med strategiskt utvalda personer, en interaktiv workshop samt fyra inspel från ledande auktoriteter på området. Personerna är utvalda för att ge inblick i kommunala, kommersiella såväl som juridiska perspektiv på ämnesområdet.Utredningens huvudresultatUtredningen visar att HGFs övergripande bild stämmer med hur bostadsplanering idag över lag bedrivs i landets kommuner. Detta bekräftas av i stort sett samtliga de aktörer som vi i utredningen varit i kontakt med samt även av tidigare utredningar på området. Det är dock viktigt att även nyansera denna generella bild. Landets kommuner har inte bara extremt olika ekonomiska, politiska, geografiska och demografiska förutsättningar – utan har också gjort olika val i hur man organiserar sin bostadsplanering och bostadsutvecklingsprocess. Trots att väldigt många kommuners bostadsplaneringsprocesser idag i hög grad är exploatörsdrivna finns det även kommuner som anstränger sig för att vara mer proaktiva i sin planering. Bland den mer reaktivt inriktade majoriteten av kommuner finns det de som väljer att bedriva sina stadsutvecklingsprocesser på detta sätt på grund av en ideologisk övertygelse om att marknaden i hög grad bör ha ledarskapet i hur den byggda miljön utvecklas. I många kommuner är det dock troligtvis inte en sådan ideologisk övertygelse som är den främsta drivkraften bakom den reaktiva hållningen, utan snarare ett upplevt tvång. Detta upplevda tvång grundar sig framför allt i kommunernas ekonomiska förutsättningar. Som påpekats ser dessa väldigt olika ut, men det finns trots detta vissa generella drag som kan framhållas.Till att börja med är de flesta svenska kommuners ekonomi i någon grad ansträng. Kommunerna kämpar för att säkerställa kvaliteten i utförandet av de uppgifter som staten har ålagt dem. Dessutom konkurrerar kommuner inbördes för att attrahera ekonomiskt starka hushåll och företag som långsiktigt kan säkra en skattebas för den egna verksamheten. En annan aspekt av resursbristen i kommunerna är mer specifik och rör kommunernas planerings- och exploateringsfunktioner. Många kommuner har, på grund av den allmänna resursbristen, svårt att satsa resurser på omfattande egna planeringsorganisationer bemannade av kompetenta och erfarna planerare, ingenjörer och handläggare. Det råder därtill en allmän kompetensbrist inom detta yrkesområde. I och med detta saknas ofta resurser att agera mer proaktivt inom bostadsutvecklingsområdet, även i fall där det finns en sådan vilja och ambition. Sammantaget leder de två typerna av resursbrist, den generella och den specifika, till att kommunerna i hög grad söker att agera ekonomiskt riskminimerande inom sitt samhällsplaneringsarbete, inbegripande även bostadsplanering. Många kommuner har idag på grund av övergripande förändringar i regelverket för kommunala bostadsbolag, ideologiskt motiverade politiska beslut och/eller ekonomiskt tvång en mycket svag egen genomförandeförmåga för bostadsproduktion och är därför i hög grad beroende av marknadens aktörer för att förverkliga tillkommande bostadsbebyggelse. Den riskminimerande strategin är logisk utifrån att kommunerna tillsammans med byggherrarna i dagens läge bär all ekonomisk risk i projekten. Utifrån en sådan förutsättning är det inte förvånansvärt att kommunerna, under rådande resursknapphet, försöker lägga över en så stor del av det ekonomiska risktagandet som möjligt på byggherrarna, genom att förskjuta ansvaret för tidig projektering och projektutveckling – och ibland även rent krasst hela planutvecklingen – på dessa. Effekten av detta blir dock att kommunen i någon mån i praktiken avsäger sin roll som vägledare för att utvecklingen av mark- och vattenresurser blir så optimal som möjligt utifrån medborgarnas samtida och framtida behov. I stället kommer marknadens prioriteringar, som alltid i första hand styrs av omsorgen om sina ägares avkastningskrav, i hög grad att styra vilka bostäder som byggs var, och för vem.Vad gäller frågan om den exploatörsdrivna bostadsplaneringens effekter på processkvalitet kan vi konstatera att en överväldigande majoritet av våra informanter anser att processkvaliteten blir tydligt lidande vid denna typ av arbetssätt. De utförliga tidiga dialogerna mellan kommun och byggherre, som föregår den formella planprocessen, sker som regel i slutna rum med en hög grad av sekretess. Det kan därför bli svårt att verifiera utifrån vilka positioner de olika aktörerna har förhandlat, samt vilka värden de har prioriterat i förhandlingarna – och på vilka grunder kommunen slutligen har fattat beslutet att gå vidare med en specifik utformning på en uppgörelse och därpå följande projektformat. Vad gäller de exploatörsdrivna processernas effekter på outputkvalitet, i form av påverkan på hållbarhetsomsorgen och omsorgen om kvalitet i de byggda bostädernas och bostadsområdena, är bilden inte lika entydig. Trots det uttrycker många av våra initierade informanter en distinkt oro för att det i insynsbegränsade långtgående förhandlingar mellan kommuner och byggherrar är andra värden som riskerar att bli prioriterade framför hållbarhet och kvalitet. Det finns framför allt en distinkt risk för att hänsyn till kortsiktig ekonomisk nytta riskerar att trumfa en prioritering av bästa möjliga hållbarhet och kvalitet i bostäder och livsmiljöer. Denna risk förstärks av det faktum att kommunalt ägd mark idag för många svenska kommuner utgör en av de få realiserbara resurser som man besitter. Det gör, givet de allmänna ekonomiska förutsättningarna, att man upplever ett behov av att säkra maximala inkomster från försäljningen av denna resurs för att så gott som möjligt generera intäkter till kommunkassan. Markpriset bestäms i hög grad av storleken på byggrätten, vilket gör att kommuner kan lockas att göra avkall på kvaliteten för att på så sätt maximera byggrätten och därtill kopplade markförsäljningsintäkter.Vägar framåtVad kan då göras för att få till stånd en generellt mer proaktiv kommunal planering för att uppnå en hög takt i bostadsbyggandet samtidigt med ett värnande om processkvalitet och outputkvalitet? Viktigt här är att påpeka att proaktivitet-reaktivitet inte är ett binärt motsatspar, utan snarare utgör en gradskala. Svagare former av proaktivitet kan exempelvis inbegripa genererande av en strategisk beredskap för att planera tillkommande bostadsbebyggelse. Detta kan exempelvis ske genom en aktiv rullande översiktsplanering som med aktualitet kommunicerar kommunens ambitioner och avsikter vad gäller bostadsutveckling eller bruket av fördjupade översiktsplaner eller detaljplaneprogram för att ge indikationer om kommunens intentioner. Det kan också ske genom utveckling av olika egna kommunövergripande eller områdesspecifika kommunala riktlinjer som kommunen binder sig själv till som normer för exempelvis kvalitet och hållbarhet i den byggda miljön. I rapporten lägger vi ingen värdering i vilken grad av proaktivitet som är den rätta. Förutsättningarna i landets kommuner är alltför varierade för att kunna ge ett sådant entydigt svar. Fokus är snarare på hur det generellt går att skapa förutsättningar för de många kommuner som idag inte befinner sig i den mest proaktiva änden av spektrumet att i alla fall flytta sig något snäpp uppåt på proaktivitetsskalan.Utifrån den strida ström av utredningar av Plan- och Bygglagen som producerats under det senaste decenniet skulle man lätt kunna tro att lösningen på den samtida bostadsutmaningen ligger i en genomgripande reform av PBL. Majoriteten av de som vi diskuterat frågan med, och framför allt våra juridiskt mest initierade intervjupersoner och inspelsförfattare, menar dock att det inte framför allt är lagstiftningen som är hindret när det gäller förutsättningarna för kommuner att bedriva en mer proaktiv och mindre exploatörsdriven bostadsplanering. Även med existerande ramverk finns det utrymme för en mer proaktiv kommunal bostadsplanering än vad som i regel förekommer idag.En annan möjlig lösning fokuserar på det så kallade anvisningsförfarandet för kommunal mark. Merparten av de nytillkommande bostäder som idag byggs i Sverige uppförs på kommunal mark som överlåts med detta syfte. I den form av exploatörsdrivna processer som diskuterats
|
|
| 42. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-
(författare)
-
I köttbullslandet : Konstruktionen av svenskt och utländskt på det kulinariska fältet
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this doctorate thesis is to investigate the historical discursive construction of swedishness and foreignness in the Swedish culinary field, primarily during the period of 1900-1970, and to relate the changes in the articulation of these concepts to the overarching ideological shifts during this time-period. To achieve this objective a conceptual apparatus inspired by cultural studies, discourse analysis and rhetorical analysis is employed upon the primary material, which consists of Swedish- and foreign-signified cookbooks published in Sweden during the period of 1600-1970. It is further argued that communities of consumption, such as nationalized culinary cultures, are discursive constructions and that actors attempt to write individuals into these communities through the articulation of nationalized subject positions. In the thesis it is thus investigated how, when and perhaps why certain actors on a field attempt to discursively construct such communities of consumption during a certain era. The chapters 2-5 of the thesis contain analyses of the historical construction of foreignness on the Swedish cultural field. Here various trends are traced in the construction of individual foreign cuisines, both in relation to each other and to the concept of culinary swedishness. An analysis is also made of the varied rhetoric that is used to promote foreign-signified cooking to the Swedish public during the examined time-period. It is concluded that the variations in rhetoric seem to covariate with larger ideological shifts in Swedish society. Chapters 6 and 7 specifically examine the construction of swedishness in the culinary field by focusing on the construction of national culinary icons such as the Smörgåsbord and Husmanskost and also on the evolution of the ideas of a distinct Swedish palate and a Swedish national cuisine. As a result of this investigation the perhaps surprisingly late codification of a Swedish national cuisine during the 1960’s is noted. It is further argued that this development coincides with a shift in the popular mood, where “the Swedish way of life” increasingly comes to be seen as threatened by external forces such as foreign influences and modernity, why certain actors on the culinary field express a necessity for the codification of what is perceived of as the “true Swedish cuisine”. A paradoxical result of this urge for preservation is the construction of new cultural phenomena dressed in a traditionalist and nationalist rhetoric that anchors them in a distant past.
|
|
| 43. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ideology in practice : the career of sustainability as an ideological concept in strategic urban planning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-3475 .- 1469-9265. ; 26:3, s. 302-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an approach for analysing ideology dynamics in strategic urban planning based on post-foundational political theory. Drawing on empirical material of strategic planners discussing their usage of the concept of sustainability it is suggested that although planners generally consider themselves to be pragmatic problem-solvers, it is exactly in their efforts to ‘get things done’ that they become deeply embroiled in the social dynamics of ideology. The reason for this is that planners are forced to employ ideologically charged concepts to bring together the disparate coalitions of actors that are needed for generating any form of policy traction in fractured governance landscapes. However, the ideological utilization of a concept contributes not only to the reproduction of hegemonic relations but also to a consequent hollowing out of the concept whereby its meaning becomes increasingly diluted, leading to its eventual demise and replacement.
|
|
| 44. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction : The greenest city?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Stockholm. - : Taylor & Francis.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THE EUROPEAN UNION inaugurated the European Green Capital Award in 2010. The annual prize recognizes the consistent record of high environmental standards and commitment to ongoing and ambitious goals for further environmental improvement of one city within the European Union, which can then function as a role model to inspire and “promote best practice experiences in all other European cities” (European Green Capital, 2009). The first city to receive this award was Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
