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- Dahlberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty years experience of mutual learning experiences and empowerment between Moi university in Eldoret, Kenya, and the Faculty of Health Sciences in Linköping Sweden
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- More than twenty years ago, the Ministry of health in Nairobi, Kenya, decided to start the second medical school in the country. The Ministry was recommended by WHO to establish the new school with a strong community focus, using problem-based learning methods and other principles adopted by the “Network: Towards Unity for Health”. The founders approached members of the Network including McMaster in Canada and Maastricht in The Netherlands (two schools who served as models when FHS, LiU was established 1986) and Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University. The Linkoping experience of inter-professional learning was of special interest. In 1990, the first Medical students were admitted to the new medical school in Eldoret. Teachers form Linkoping supported the faculty in Eldoret in the general outline and pedagogical design of first, the medical and later, the nursing curriculum. Over the years 253 students and 225 teachers have been able to learn from our different cultures by exchange visits. We now meet the challenge of a new generation that will succeed and hopefully continue this important work. What did we learn and how will we make this continue?
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| 2. |
- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of brain, core and skin temperature in children with complicated and uncomplicated malaria
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 47:3, s. 170-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prospective study was carried out in which brain, core and skin temperatures were studied in children with cerebral malaria (n = 23), uncomplicated malaria (n = 12) and normal children (n = 9) using the zero heat flow method. Patients with cerebral or uncomplicated malaria were admitted to the paediatric wards (mean age, 6 years 8 months ± 2 years 8 months). Normal children, children of the investigators, of the same age group, served as controls. Parasitaemia levels were similar in the cerebral and uncomplicated malaria cases. Higher brain than core temperatures would have been expected in cerebral malaria but not in uncomplicated malaria but this was not the case in this study. There was no statistical difference in brain, core and skin temperature between cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. However, there was a highly significant difference between normal children and cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. Brain temperature was 0.02–0.2°C below core temperature in all the groups with larger differences during the febrile period. Mean differences of brain minus core, brain minus skin and core minus skin between the two groups of patients were not statistically significant. There was no correlation between temperature and the level of coma or parasitaemia for cerebral and uncomplicated malaria patients. There was a positive correlation between brain and core temperature in both groups of patients during the febrile phase. Brain temperature remained lower than core temperature in cerebral and uncomplicated malaria as in normal children. Normal thermoregulation appears to be maintained in cerebral malaria.
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| 3. |
- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral malaria in children : Serum and cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α and TGF-ß levels and their relationship to clinical outcome
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-6338 .- 1465-3664. ; 49:4, s. 216-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This was a prospective study conducted at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. Twenty‐three children admitted to the hospital with cerebral (CM) and 10 children with noncerebral malaria (NCM) were studied. The aim of the study was to establish and compare levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) in these children. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels were assayed using ELISA kits. In serum, TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α decreased over 5 days after admission to the hospital in both groups of patients with CM and NCM. In the CSF of cerebral cases the levels of TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 were low and inversely related. Children in deeper coma had lower levels in serum of TGF‐β and higher levels of TNF‐α than those in lighter levels of coma. The serum TNF‐α levels in CM children were the same irrespective of the duration of illness before admission, but children with NCM who had been sick for a shorter duration before admission tended to have higher serum levels of TNF‐α and higher levels of TGF‐β than those with a longer duration of illness before admission. In conclusion, this study shows that TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 may not be useful in predicting the outcome for CM. They may, however, be useful in detecting children at risk of developing deep coma. TNF‐α and TGF‐β levels were inversely related both in serum and CSF.
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