| 1. |
- Minu, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and sources of organic matter in the Rufiji Delta in Tanzania: Variability and environmental implications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangroves located along coastal margins are long-term carbon sinks with higher organic carbon stocks than terrestrial forests. Tracing the different sources of organic matter and its fate in mangrove forests is a complex process because of rapid changes driven by natural and anthropogenic processes. In this study, we trace the distribution and sources of organic matter in six Pb-210-dated sediment cores (200-650 cm in length) collected along a N-S transect from the Rufiji Delta mangrove-estuarine complex in eastern Tanzania. The sampling locations had different tree cover, soil types, and underwent variable natural (fluvial discharge, transport, and early diagenetic post-depositional alterations) and human-induced anthropogenic changes. We investigated C:N ratio, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions, and source-specific diagnostic biomarkers (i.e. fatty acids and n-alkanes) trends to examine these changes in spatial and temporal contexts. In these cores, the average C:N values ranged between 12.7 +/- 0.3 and 22 +/- 2.9 indicating deposition of both terrestrial and marine organic matter that is influenced by its geographic location. The delta N-15 value varied from 0.1 parts per thousand to 4.3 parts per thousand; the more positive values in younger sediments imply anthropogenic inputs. Stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) ranged from -28.6 to -20.5 indicating a dominant terrestrial input. The organic matter sources in sediments were further established based on various biomarker indices. The biomarker data indicated that organic matter is mainly derived from recycled matter and/or marine microorganisms in the northern part of the delta. The central and southern parts of the delta showed a different trend indicating predominantly the presence of land-derived sedimentary organic matter. Organic matter signals in the northern and central parts of the delta indicated the presence of more anthropogenic input, compared to the pristine southern part of the delta. This is due to the proximity of the sites to human settlements, agricultural activities, and inland transport associated with fishing and recreational activities. Finally, our results indicate a low carbon accumulation rate in most parts of the Rufiji Delta compared to the global average. This is driven by the differences in environmental settings and conditions such as sediment dynamics and hydrodynamic transport, vegetation cover, and diagenetic changes at specific sites.
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| 2. |
- Minu, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and spatial distribution of trace metals in the Rufiji delta mangrove, Tanzania
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : SPRINGER. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 190:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial and temporal distribution of trace metals and their cycling is a key issue for understanding the ongoing biogeochemical processes in coastal environments. Sediment cores were collected from six different sampling locations from the Rufiji delta mangrove forests in southeastern coastal Tanzania that are perceived to be impacted by urban development and agricultural activities in the catchment, and pollution in upstream sections of the Rufiji River. The chronology and sediment accumulation rates at these sampling sites were derived based on the distribution of Pb-210(excess) method. The trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were sequentially extracted as per the BCR method and analyzed. The results indicate that the mass accumulation rates range from 0.40 g cm(-2) year(-1) (cores NR3 and NR4) to 1.75 g cm(-2) year(-1) (core SR1). Trace metals in the cores are mainly associated with the residual phase and their abundances in sediments are ranked as Cr amp;gt; Zn amp;gt; Ni amp;gt; Cu amp;gt; Pb amp;gt; Cd. The results imply that trace metals in the Rufiji delta mangroves are mainly of crustal origin, and they are less sensitive to weathering. Further, these metals are least available for uptake by plants and they pose limited threat to the biota.
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