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- Andjus, Pavle, et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:18
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently attracted a great deal of interest as they may represent a new biosignaling paradigm. According to the mode of biogenesis, size and composition, two broad categories of EVs have been described, exosomes and microvesicles. EVs have been shown to carry cargoes of signaling proteins, RNA species, DNA and lipids. Once released, their content is selectively taken up by near or distant target cells, influencing their behavior. Exosomes are involved in cell-cell communication in a wide range of embryonic developmental processes and in fetal-maternal communication. In the present review, an outline of the role of EVs in neural development, regeneration and diseases is presented. EVs can act as regulators of normal homeostasis, but they can also promote either neuroinflammation/degeneration or tissue repair in pathological conditions, depending on their content. Since EV molecular cargo constitutes a representation of the origin cell status, EVs can be exploited in the diagnosis of several diseases. Due to their capability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), EVs not only have been suggested for the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders by means of minimally invasive procedures, i.e., "liquid biopsies", but they are also considered attractive tools for targeted drug delivery across the BBB. From the therapeutic perspective, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising sources of EVs. In particular, the neuroprotective properties of MSCs derived from the dental pulp are here discussed.
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| 3. |
- König, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Murine neural crest stem cells and embryonic stem cell derived neuron precursors survive and differentiate after transplantation in a model of dorsal root avulsion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1932-6254 .- 1932-7005. ; 11:1, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal root avulsion results in paralysis and sensory loss, and is commonly associated with chronic pain. In addition to the failure of avulsed dorsal root axons to regenerate into the spinal cord, avulsion injury leads to extensive neuroinflammation and degeneration of second order neurons in the dorsal horn. The ultimate objective with the treatment of this condition is to counteract degeneration of spinal cord neurons and to achieve functionally useful regeneration/reconnection of sensory neurons with spinal cord neurons. Here we explore if stem cells transplanted on the surface of avulsed spinal cord can survive, differentiate and migrate into the damaged spinal cord during the first few weeks after this intervention. Murine boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) or embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived, pre-differentiated neuron precursors were implanted acutely at the junction between avulsed dorsal roots L3-L6 and the spinal cord. Both types of cells survived transplantation, but showed distinctly different modes of differentiation. Thus, bNCSCs migrated into the spinal cord, expressed glial markers, and formed elongated tubes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) compartment of the avulsed dorsal root transitional zone(DRTZ) area. In contrast, the ESC-transplants remained at the site of implantation and differentiated to motor neurons and interneurons. These data show that both stem cell types successfully survive implantation to the acutely injured spinal cord and maintained their differentiation and migration potential. These data suggest that depending on the source of neural stem cells, they can play different beneficial roles for recovery after dorsal root avulsion.
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- Mazzini, Letizia, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1471-2598 .- 1744-7682. ; 18:8, s. 865-881
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disease that targets motoneurons. Cell-based therapies have generated widespread interest as a potential therapeutic approach but no conclusive results have yet been reported either from pre-clinical or clinical studies. Areas covered: This is an integrated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies focused on the development of cell-based therapies for ALS. We analyze the biology of stem cell treatments and results obtained from pre-clinical models of ALS and examine the methods and the results obtained to date from clinical trials. We discuss scientific, clinical, and ethical issues and propose some directions for future studies. Expert opinion: While data from individual studies are encouraging, stem-cell-based therapies do not yet represent a satisfactory, reliable clinical option. The field will critically benefit from the introduction of well-designed, randomized and reproducible, powered clinical trials. Comparative studies addressing key issues such as the nature, properties, and number of donor cells, the delivery mode and the selection of proper patient populations that may benefit the most from cell-based therapies are now of the essence. Multidisciplinary networks of experts should be established to empower effective translation of research into the clinic.
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