| 1. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic insights in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed with zygomycetes and fish meal diets as assessed in liver using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Aquatic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2008-4935 .- 2008-6970. ; 6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish meal is the major source of animal protein in feed for cultured salmonid fish, but its availability is limited and it must eventually be replaced by alternative protein-rich feed ingredients. Zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae) is a fungus with protein-rich biomass that could replace fish meal protein in fish feed. Using a 1H NMR spectroscopy approach, we studied the metabolic pattern in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed a commercial diet with unknown composition (ST), a diet with all protein from fish meal (FM) and a diet with most of the protein from zygomycetes biomass (FZ). No significant difference (p≥0.05) was found in spectral data between FM and FZ using the OPLS-DA fitted model. However, other models showed that diet ST clearly differed significantly (p˂0.05) from diets FM and FZ. Signals for acetate, β-alanine, choline, creatine, formate, glucose, inosine, lysine, SN-glycero-3-phosphocholine and two unknown metabolites were higher in fish fed diets FM and FZ than in fish fed diet ST. These results show that the metabolic profile in liver of Arctic charr will remain unchanged if fish meal protein is replaced with zygomycete protein, suggesting similar physiological responses to both feed ingredients. In contrast, feeding a commercial diet altered the metabolic fingerprint compared with diets FZ and FM, suggesting important differences in ingredient composition and the physiological response to this diet.
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| 2. |
- Affholder, Marie-Cecile, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium Reduction in Spring Wheat: Root Exudate Composition Affects Cd Partitioning Between Roots and Shoots
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. - 0718-9508 .- 0718-9516. ; 23, s. 3537-3547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) in cereals is one of the major sources of Cd intake by human diets, and solutions to reduce Cd concentrations in wheat still need to be developed. Plant breeding, by selecting low-Cd varieties, can be an important tool to reduce Cd in crops. Knowing the genotypic variation in Cd accumulation and furthering our understanding of the impact of root exudates composition on Cd accumulation in crops may provide valuable information for plant breeding. In this study, we selected nine spring wheat varieties and analysed the accumulation and distribution of Cd in shoots, roots, root surfaces and kernels in relation to their qualitative and quantitative composition of root exudates, determined by H-1-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results showed that the Cd concentration in shoots at an early stage could be used as a predictor for Cd concentration in kernels. Total Cd uptake was not correlated to the mobility of Cd in the rhizosphere, but total Cd was negatively correlated to Cd adsorbed at the root surface. Furthermore, (i) exudation of organic acids (primarily succinate and acetate) increased Cd concentration in shoots, and (ii) exudation of nucleosides, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) degradation products, increased Cd adsorption at the root surface. Therefore, root exudates composition should be taken into account when selecting for low-Cd wheat traits.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brunel, Mathilde, et al.
(författare)
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Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides biomass effect on the metabolism of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-889X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability issues arise when using fish oil and vegetable oils in fish feed production for aquaculture purposes. Microbial production of single cell oil is a potential alternative as a lipid ingredient in the production of fish feed. In this study, we replaced the vegetable oils with the oleaginous yeast R. toruloides biomass in the diet of Arctic char (S. alpinus) and investigated the effects on health and composition. Measurement of fish growth parameters showed a higher liver weight and hepatosomatic index in the experimental group of fish fed partly with yeast biomass compared to a control group fed a diet with vegetable oils. No significant differences in the lipid content of muscle and liver tissues were found. The fatty acid profiles in the muscle of both fish groups were similar while the experimental fish group had a higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver. Histology of livers showed no significant difference in the number of lipid droplets. The size of hepatic lipid droplets seemed to be related to liver fat content. Quantification of metabolites in the liver revealed no differences between the fish groups while plasma metabolites involved in energy pathways such as alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, creatinine, serine, betaine, and choline were significantly higher in the experimental fish group.
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| 5. |
- Cheng, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Decontaminated fishmeal and fish oil from the Baltic Sea are promising feed sources for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.)-studies of flesh lipid quality and metabolic profile
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 1438-7697 .- 1438-9312. ; 118, s. 862-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is one of the world's most pollution-threatened brackish environments and limited direct consumption of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea is recommended. The use of decontaminated Baltic Sea fish raw materials as fish feed could be a strategy to recycle Baltic Sea nutrients back into food chain, while relieving pressure on aqua-feed in the growing aquaculture industry. In this study, defatted fishmeal and semi-purified fish oil from the Baltic Sea were used in fish feeds for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.). The effects of the Baltic Sea-sourced fish feeds on flesh lipid quality and fish metabolomics, compared with a standard commercial feed as a control, were determined. 1H NMR-based metabolomics studies indicated disturbances in energy metabolism and hepatic toxicity in fish fed both crude fishmeal and crude fish oil, associated with up-regulation (IGF-I, GHR-I, PPARα, PPARβ1A) and down-regulation (SREBP-1 and FAS) of hepatic genes expression. The content of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected by the decontamination process. Thus, this short-term study demonstrates that decontaminating Baltic Sea-sourced fishmeal and fish oil reduces adverse effects in Arctic char. Practical applications: Decontaminated fish materials from the Baltic Sea were shown to be promising feed ingredients for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) compared with untreated Baltic Sea-sourced fish feed, which induced changes in fish physiology associated with energy metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Baltic Sea-sourced fish materials containing high levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are valuable feed ingredients. The Baltic Sea-sourced fishmeal (CFM and DFM) and fish oil (CFO and SPFO) were tested in fish feeds for Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), compared with a commercial diet as a control. Flesh lipid quality, metabolic profile in liver and muscle and hepatic gene expression (IGF-I, GHR-I, SREBP-1, etc.) were evaluated.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cheng, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Reduced Dietary Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Composition of Skin Membrane Lipids in Atlantic Salmon (SaImo salar L.)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 66, s. 8876-8884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Membrane lipids, including sphingolipids and glycerol-phospholipids, are essential in maintaining the skin's barrier function in mammals, but their composition in fish skin and their response to diets have not been evaluated. This study investigated the impacts of reducing dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on membrane lipids in the skin of Atlantic salmon through a 26 week feeding regime supplying different levels (0-2.0% of dry mass) of EPA/DHA. Ceramide, glucosylceramide, sphingomyelin, sphingosine, and sphinganine in salmon skin were analyzed for the first time. Higher concentrations of glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin and higher ratios of glucosylceramide/ceramide and sphingomyelin/ceramide were detected in the deficient group, indicating interruptions in sphingolipidomics. Changes in the glycerol-phospholipid profile in fish skin caused by reducing dietary EPA and DHA were observed. There were no dietary impacts on epidermal thickness and mucus-cell density, but the changes in the phospholipid profile suggest that low dietary EPA and DHA may interrupt the barrier function of fish skin.
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| 8. |
- Cheng, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics Approach To Evaluate a Baltic Sea Sourced Diet for Cultured Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus L.)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 65, s. 5083-5090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqua feeds traditionally rely on fishmeal as a protein source, which is costly and unsustainable. A new feed was formulated in the study with Baltic Sea sourced decontaminated fishmeal, Mytilus edulis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and given to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) for ten months. The diet-induced changes on metabolic profile in fish plasma, liver, and muscle were studied relative to a fishmeal-based standard diet by using a H-1 NMR-based metabolomics approach. Fish fed the test diet had higher content of betaine and lower levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and aromatic amino acids in plasma or tissues, which were mainly caused by the diet. The metabolomics results are useful to understand the mechanism of lower body mass, smaller Fulton's condition factor, and a tendency of less lipid content observed in fish fed the test diet. Thus, modifications on the dietary levels of these compounds in the feed are needed to achieve better growth performance.
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| 9. |
- Cheng, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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NMR-based metabolomics reveals compartmental metabolic heterogeneity in liver of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4301 .- 1480-3283. ; 94, s. 665-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolomics involves systematic study of low-molecular-mass metabolites in cells, tissues, or biofluids and is nowadays widely applied to characterize the physiological status of aquatic organisms under a set of conditions, such as disease and toxin exposure. Liver, an important metabolic center in the fish body, is often used for metabolomics analysis. Compared with the whole fish liver, the proportion of liver sample needed for metabolomics analysis is relatively small. The homogeneity of metabolites in liver is thus an important issue, especially for comparative studies and biomarker discovery. This study examined the homogeneity of the metabolic profile in liver of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) using a NMR-based metabolomics approach. For the analysis, whole liver samples were cut into four parts along the direction of gall bladder and at right angles to this, and metabolites in each part of the liver were extracted and analyzed by multivariate and univariate data analyses. Although the multivariate model was not significant due to variation within the data, the metabolic differences in polar portion of liver extract between the parts were seen, indicating non-homogeneity of Arctic char liver. Therefore, when sampling fish liver for further metabolomics studies, this heterogeneity should be taken into consideration.
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| 10. |
- Cunningham, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of time and temperature on gut microbiota and SCFA composition in stool samples
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a growing number of non-communicable diseases. High through-put sequencing technologies and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiling enables surveying of the composition and function of the gut microbiota and provide key insights into host-microbiome interactions. However, a methodological problem with analyzing stool samples is that samples are treated and stored differently prior to submission for analysis potentially influencing the composition of the microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we simulated the sample acquisition of a large-scale study, in which stool samples were stored for up to two days in the fridge or at room temperature before being handed over to the hospital. To assess the influence of time and temperature on the microbial community and on SCFA composition in a controlled experimental setting, the stool samples of 10 individuals were exposed to room and fridge temperatures for 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, qPCR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the influence of storage time and temperature on the absolute abundance of methanogens, and ofLactobacillus reuteri. The results indicate that values obtained for methanogens,L.reuteriand total bacteria are still representative even after storage for up to 48 hours at RT (20 degrees C) or 4 degrees C. The overall microbial composition and structure appeared to be influenced more by laboratory errors introduced during sample processing than by the actual effects of temperature and time. Although microbial activity was demonstrated by elevated SCFA at both 4 degrees C and RT, SCFAs ratios were more stable over the different conditions and may be considered as long as samples are come from similar storage conditions.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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AQuA: An Automated Quantification Algorithm for High-Throughput NMR-Based Metabolomics and Its Application in Human Plasma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 90, s. 2095-2102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key limiting step for high-throughput NMR-based metabolomics is the lack of rapid and accurate tools for absolute quantification of many metabolites. We developed, implemented, and evaluated an algorithm, AQUA (Automated Quantification Algorithm), for targeted metabolite quantification from complex H-1 NMR spectra. AQUA operates based on spectral data extracted from a library consisting of one standard calibration spectrum for each metabolite. It uses one preselected NMR signal per metabolite for determining absolute concentrations and does so by effectively accounting for interferences caused by other metabolites. AQUA was implemented and evaluated using experimental NMR spectra from human plasma. The accuracy of AQUA was tested and confirmed in comparison with a manual spectral fitting approach using the ChenomX software, in which 61 out of 67 metabolites quantified in 30 human plasma spectra showed a goodness-of-fit (r(2)) close to or exceeding 0.9 between the two approaches. In addition, three quality indicators generated by AQUA, namely, occurrence, interference, and positional deviation, were studied. These quality indicators permit evaluation of the results each time the algorithm is operated. The efficiency was tested and confirmed by implementing AQUA for quantification of 67 metabolites in a large data set comprising 1342 experimental spectra from human plasma, in which the whole computation took less than 1 s.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk : a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7015. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Metabolomics can potentially provide new insights into the aetiology of prostate cancer by identifying new metabolic risk factors. This study investigated the prospective association between plasma metabolite concentrations and prostate cancer risk, both overall and by stratifying for disease aggressiveness and baseline age.Methods: In a case-control study nested in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, pre-diagnostic concentrations of 148 plasma metabolites were determined using targeted mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics in 777 prostate cancer cases (follow-up >= 5 years) and 777 matched controls. Associations between prostate cancer risk and metabolite concentrations were investigated using conditional logistic regression conditioned on matching factors (body mass index, age and sample storage time). Corrections for multiple testing were performed using false discovery rate (20%) and Bonferroni. Metabolomics analyses generated new hypotheses, which were investigated by leveragingfood frequency questionnaires(FFQs) and oral glucose tolerance tests performed at baseline.Results: After correcting for multiple testing, two lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were positively associated with risk of overall prostate cancer (all ages and in older subjects). The strongest association was for LPC C17:0 in older subjects (OR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.45-2.98;p < 0.0001, significant also after the Bonferroni correction). Observed associations with risk of overall prostate cancer in younger subjects were positive for glycine and inverse for pyruvate. For aggressive prostate cancer, there were positive associations with six glycerophospholipids (LPC C17:0, LPC C20:3, LPC C20:4, PC ae C38:3, PC ae C38:4 and PC ae C40:2), while there was an inverse association with acylcarnitine C18:2. Moreover, plasma LPC C17:0 concentrations positively correlated with estimated dietary intake of fatty acid C17:0 from the FFQs. The associations between glycerophospholipids and prostate cancer were stronger in case-controls with normal glucose tolerance.Conclusions: Several glycerophospholipids were positively associated with risk of overall and aggressive prostate cancer. The strongest association was observed for LPC C17:0. The associations between glycerophospholipids and prostate cancer risk were stronger in case-controls with normal glucose tolerance, suggesting a link between the glucose metabolism status and risk of prostate cancer.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson Röhnisch, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Automated Quantification Algorithm (AQuA) and Its Application to NMR-Based Metabolomics of EDTA-Containing Plasma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 93, s. 8729-8738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently presented an Automated Quantification Algorithm (AQuA) and demonstrated its utility for rapid and accurate absolute metabolite quantification in H-1 NMR spectra in which positions and line widths of signals were predicted from a constant metabolite spectral library. The AQuA quantifies based on one preselected signal per metabolite and employs library spectra to model interferences from other metabolite signals. However, for some types of spectra, the interspectral deviations of signal positions and line widths can be pronounced; hence, interferences cannot be modeled using a constant spectral library. We here address this issue and present an improved AQuA that handles interspectral deviations. The improved AQuA monitors and characterizes the appearance of specific signals in each spectrum and automatically adjusts the spectral library to model interferences accordingly. The performance of the improved AQuA was tested on a large data set from plasma samples collected using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant (n = 772). These spectra provided a suitable test system for the improved AQuA since EDTA signals (i) vary in intensity, position, and line width between spectra and (ii) interfere with many signals from plasma metabolites targeted for quantification (n = 54). Without the improvement, ca. 20 out of the 54 metabolites would have been overestimated. This included acetylcarnitine and ornithine, which are considered particularly difficult to quantify with H-1 NMR in EDTA-containing plasma. Furthermore, the improved AQuA performed rapidly (<10 s for all spectra). We believe that the improved AQuA provides a basis for automated quantification in other data sets where specific signals show interspectral deviations.
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| 14. |
- Fredriksson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The polyamine transporter Slc18b1(VPAT) is important for both short and long time memory and for regulation of polyamine content in the brain.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 15:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SLC18B1 is a sister gene to the vesicular monoamine and acetylcholine transporters, and the only known polyamine transporter, with unknown physiological role. We reveal that Slc18b1 knock out mice has significantly reduced polyamine content in the brain providing the first evidence that Slc18b1 is functionally required for regulating polyamine levels. We found that this mouse has impaired short and long term memory in novel object recognition, radial arm maze and self-administration paradigms. We also show that Slc18b1 KO mice have altered expression of genes involved in Long Term Potentiation, plasticity, calcium signalling and synaptic functions and that expression of components of GABA and glutamate signalling are changed. We further observe a partial resistance to diazepam, manifested as significantly lowered reduction in locomotion after diazepam treatment. We suggest that removal of Slc18b1 leads to reduction of polyamine contents in neurons, resulting in reduced GABA signalling due to long-term reduction in glutamatergic signalling.
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| 15. |
- Hefni, Mohammed E., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma metabolite profiles in healthy women differ after intervention with supplemental folic acid v. folate-rich foods
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - UK : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 7, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public health authorities recommend all fertile women to increase their folate intake to 400 μg/d by eating folate-rich foods or by taking a folic acid supplement to protect against neural tube defects. In a previous study it was shown that folate-rich foods improved folate blood status as effectively as folic acid supplementation. The aim of the present study was to investigate, using NMR metabolomics, the effects of an intervention with a synthetic folic acid supplement v. native food folate on the profile of plasma metabolites. Healthy women with normal folate status received, in parallel, 500 μg/d synthetic folic acid from a supplement (n 18), 250 μg/d folate from intervention foods (n 19), or no additional folate (0 μg/d) through a portion of apple juice (n 20). The metabolic profile of plasma was measured using 1H-NMR in fasted blood drawn at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Metabolic differences between the groups at baseline and after intervention were assessed using a univariate statistical approach (P ≤ 0·001, Bonferroni-adjusted significance level). At baseline, the groups showed no significant differences in measured metabolite concentrations. After intervention, eight metabolites, of which six (glycine, choline, betaine, formate, histidine and threonine) are related to one-carbon metabolism, were identified as discriminative metabolites. The present study suggests that different folate forms (synthetic v. natural) may affect related one-carbon metabolites differently.
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| 16. |
- Isaksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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High-fiber rye diet increases ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients compared with low-fiber wheat diet independent of meal frequency in ileostomy subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla : Co-Action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 57, s. 18519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whole-grain foods and cereal dietary fiber intake is associated with lower body weight. This may partly result from lower energy utilization of high-fiber diets. Objective: In the present study, the impact on ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients in response to a rye bread high-fiber diet compared to a refined wheat low-fiber diet was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of meal frequency on apparent absorption of nutrients was studied for the first time. Design: Ten participants that had undergone ileostomy consumed standardized iso-caloric diets, including low-fiber wheat bread (20 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks followed by high-fiber rye bread (52 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks. The diets were consumed in an ordinary (three meals per day) and a nibbling (seven meals per day) meal frequency in a cross-over design. Ileal effluents were collected during 24 h at the third day of each of the four dietary periods and analyzed for gross energy and nutrient contents. Results: The results showed that intake of rye bread high-fiber diet compared to the refined wheat low-fiber diet caused an increase in ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients. The effect was independent of meal frequency. This suggests that a high intake of rye may result in lower availability of macronutrients for small intestinal digestion and absorption. A regular intake of rye may therefore have implications for weight management.
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| 17. |
- Ivarsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain rye, refined wheat, and whole-grain wheat breads influence metabolic fingerprints differently in pigs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 94, s. 161-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the influence of whole-grain rye bread (WGRB), whole-grain wheat bread (WGWB), and refined wheat bread (WB) on the gut metabolic fingerprint to increase the understanding of the mechanism behind health aspects related to whole-grain products. Five pigs with an initial weight of 46 kg were used in a changeover design, with 3 diets and 3 periods. The experimental diets consisted of WGRB, WGWB, and WB and were balanced with similar content of dietary fiber (adjusted with cellulose), protein, and fat. Each diet period lasted for 7 d. Fecal samples were collected during Days 4 through 7 in each experimental period. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to analyze metabolic profiles from the fecal samples. Principal component analysis of metabolic fingerprints showed that the type of bread influenced the metabolic profile and that WGRB influenced metabolic profiles differently compared with WGWB (P = 0.03) and WB (P = 0.04). Quantification of the shortchain fatty acids in the NMR data revealed differences with higher concentrations of lactate (P = 0.04) and lower molar proportions of acetate (P = 0.03) in rye bread compared with wheat breads.
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| 18. |
- Johnzon, Carl-Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Bovine Mastitis on Clinical Parameters, Inflammatory Markers, and the Metabolome : A Kinetic Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary tissue and represents a major problem for the dairy industry worldwide. The present study was undertaken to study how experimentally induced acute bovine mastitis affects inflammatory parameters and changes in the metabolome. To this end, we induced experimental mastitis in nine cows by intramammary infusion of 100 pg purified Escherichia call lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by kinetic assessments of cytokine responses (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), changes in the metabolome (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance), clinical parameters (heat, local pain perception, redness, swelling, rectal temperature, clot formation, and color changes in the milk), and milk somatic cell counts, at several time points post LPS infusion. Intramammary LPS infusion induced clinical signs of mastitis, which started from 2 h post infusion and had returned to normal levels within 24-72 h. Milk changes were seen with a delay compared with the clinical signs and persisted for a longer time. In parallel, induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were seen in milk, and there was also a transient elevation of plasma IL-6 whereas plasma TNF-alpha was not significantly elevated. In addition, a robust increase in CCL2 was seen in the milk of LPS-infused cows, whereas G-CSF, CXCL1, and histamine in milk were unaffected. By using a metabolomics approach, a transient increase of plasma lactose was seen in LPS-induced cows. In plasma, significant reductions in ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) and decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids, known to be major products released from the gut microbiota, were observed after LPS infusion; a profound reduction of plasma citrate was also seen. Intramammary LPS infusion also caused major changes in the milk metabolome, although with a delay in comparison with plasma, including a reduction of lactose. We conclude that the LPS-induced acute mastitis rapidly affects the plasma metabolome and cytokine induction with similar kinetics as the development of the clinical signs, whereas the corresponding effects in milk occurred with a delay.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Liu, Tong, et al.
(författare)
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Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale improve obesity-induced insulin resistance through the gut microbiota and the SOCS3-mediated insulin receptor substrate-1 signaling pathway
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 104, s. 3437-3447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity induces insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, impacting human health. The relationship between obesity, gut microbiota, and regulatory mechanisms has been studied extensively. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, potentially reduces insulin resistance. However, the mechanism through which DOP affects gut microbiota and alleviates obesity-induced insulin resistance in rats requires further investigation.RESULTS: The current study aimed to assess the impact of DOP on gut microbiota and insulin resistance in rats on a high-fat diet. The results revealed that DOP effectively reduced blood lipids, glucose disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of obese Sprague Dawley rats. This was achieved by downregulating SOCS3 expression and upregulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by regulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS3 signaling pathway. Notably, DOP intervention enhanced the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and reduced harmful microbiota. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations among intestinal microbiota, SOCS3-mediated IRS-1 expression, and inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION: Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota, enhanced IRS-1 expression, and mitigated liver injury and insulin resistance due to a high-fat diet. These findings depict the potential anti-insulin resistance properties of DOP and offer further evidence for addressing obesity and its complications.(c) 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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| 22. |
- Moazzami, Ali A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary phytosterols inhibit the lipid modulating effects of sesamin in rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research. - 1540-7535. ; 5:2-3, s. 93-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major lignan in the unsaponifiable fraction of sesame lipids, sesamin, is known to affect lipid metabolism. For example, sesamin inhibits the clearance of tocopherols, the activity of Delta 5-desaturase during fatty acid metabolism, and reduces cholesterol absorption and biosynthesis. In order to study whether dietary phytosterols, which are known to reduce the absorption of lipid soluble dietary factors, may influence the lipid-modulating effects of sesamin, rats were fed, in a 2x2 Latin-square design, diets containing two concentrations of sesamin and pbytosterols for 4 weeks. Tocopherols and cholesterol were analyzed in plasma and liver and the fatty acid profile was determined in liver lipids. Sesamin increased a-tocopherol concentrations in plasma and liver (p< 0. 001), whereas the phytosterols had no effect. However, an increase in the phytosterol content of the diet resulted in a reduction of the alpha-tocopherol-elevating effect of sesamin in plasma (p< 0. 01). Similarly, sesamin increased the percentage of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in liver lipids (p<0.05), which was abolished by the addition of pbytosterols. Neither sesamin nor phytosterols significantly altered cholesterol concentrations in plasma or liver. In conclusion, these results suggest that in rats, dietary phytosterols may interact with sesamin in a way reducing its biological activities.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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In vitro evaluation of probiotic properties of commercial strains Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalissubsp. Lactis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran). - 2008-8787. ; 19, s. 91-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probiotics are recognized as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro probiotic properties of two commercial probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917. Our results indicated that the selected strains showed high resistance to acid, bile salts, and lysozyme. In general, they showed good adaptation to simulated gastric and intestinal juices (more than 85% could survive) which guarantees their survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 showed the highest hydrophobicity (59.75%) and auto-aggregation (51.42%) but the lowest adhesion to the human intestinal HT-29 cell line (8.35%). Furthermore, they both had β-galactosidase activity and were resistant to penicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. Our results indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 had better probiotic characteristics than Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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Metabolomics analysis revealed metabolic changes in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic responses to a synbiotic yogurt intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 58, s. 3109-3119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeIrritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder which can influence human metabolism. It has been demonstrated that probiotics are beneficial in controlling IBS. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to determine metabolic changes in response to diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and to investigate the metabolic effects of a synbiotic intervention on serum, urine, and stool samples from IBS-D patients and healthy controls using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((HNMR)-H-1).MethodsA (HNMR)-H-1-based metabolomics study was conducted on urine and serum metabolites from 16 healthy and eight IBS-D participants at baseline and after 4 weeks of a synbiotic yogurt intervention.ResultsAt the baseline, serum acetoacetate, myo-inositol, and sarcosine concentrations were higher and threonine and methionine concentrations were lower in the IBS-D cohort than the control group. Moreover, Indoxyl-sulfate concentration of urine was lower and dimethylamine and taurine were higher in the IBS-D group. After intervention, serum concentration of ketone bodies decreased, choline, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids increased in IBS-D group. Metabolomics analysis indicated a shift in one-carbon metabolism. Thus, the level of serum homocysteine was determined and found to be higher in the IBS-D cohort at baseline, and then decreased after the intervention.ConclusionIBS causes a shift in one-carbon metabolism and these changes can be reversed by a synbiotic intervention. An increase in the number of fecal Lactobacilli and an improvement in the health status of IBS-D patients were also observed in response to intervention.
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| 28. |
- Moazzami, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics Reveals Differences in Postprandial Responses to Breads and Fasting Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Postprandial Insulin Demand in Postmenopausal Women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 144, s. 807-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in serum metabolic profile after the intake of different food products (e.g., bread) can provide insight into their interaction with human metabolism. Postprandial metabolic responses were compared after the intake of refined wheat (RWB), whole-meal rye (WRB), and refined rye (RRB) breads. In addition, associations between the metabolic profile in fasting serum and the postprandial concentration of insulin in response to different breads were investigated. Nineteen postmenopausal women. with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover meal study. The test breads, RWB (control), RRB, and WRB, providing 50 g of available carbohydrate, were each served as a single meal. The postprandial metabolic profile was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance and targeted LC-mass spectrometry and was compared between different breads using ANOVA and multivariate models. Eight amino acids had a significant treatment effect (P < 0.01) and a significant treatment x time effect (P < 0.05). RWB produced higher postprandial concentrations of leucine (geometric mean: 224; 95% Cl: 196, 257) and isoleucine (mean +/- SD: 111 +/- 31.5) compared with RRB (geometric mean: 165; 95% Cl: 147, 186; mean +/- SD: 84.2 +/- 22.9) and WRB (geometric mean: 190; 95% Cl: 174, 207; mean +/- SD: 95.8 +/- 17.3) at 60 min respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, 2 metabolic subgroups were identified using multivariate models based on the association between fasting metabolic profile and the postprandial concentration of insulin. Women with higher fasting concentrations of leucine and isoleucine and lower fasting concentrations of sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines had higher insulin responses despite similar glucose concentration after all kinds of bread (cross-validated ANOVA, P = 0.048). High blood concentration of branched-chain amino acids, i.e., leucine and isoleucine, has been associated with the increased risk of diabetes, which suggests that additional consideration should be given to bread proteins in understanding the beneficial health effects of different kinds of breads. The present study suggests that the fasting metabolic profile can be used to characterize the postprandial insulin demand in individuals with normal glucose metabolism that can be used for establishing strategies for the stratification of individuals in personalized nutrition.
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| 29. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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Metabolomics reveals the metabolic shifts following an intervention with rye bread in postmenopausal women - a randomized control trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 11, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEpidemiological studies have consistently shown that whole grain (WG) cereals can protect against the development of chronic diseases, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Among WG products, WG rye is considered even more potent because of its unique discrepancy in postprandial insulin and glucose responses known as the rye factor. In this study, an NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to study the metabolic effects of WG rye as a tool to determine the beneficial effects of WG rye on human health. MethodsThirty-three postmenopausal Finnish women with elevated serum total cholesterol (5.0-8.5 mmol/L) and BMI of 20-33 kg/m2 consumed a minimum of 20% of their daily energy intake as high fiber WG rye bread (RB) or refined wheat bread (WB) in a randomized, controlled, crossover design with two 8-wk intervention periods separated by an 8-wk washout period. At the end of each intervention period, fasting serum was collected for NMR-based metabolomics and the analysis of cholesterol fractions. Multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis was used for paired comparisons of multivariate data. ResultsThe metabolomics analysis of serum showed lower leucine and isoleucine and higher betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine levels after RB than WB intake. To further investigate the metabolic effects of RB, the serum cholesterol fractions were measured. Total- and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher after RB intake than after WB (p<0.05). ConclusionsThis study revealed favorable shifts in branched amino acid and single carbon metabolism and an unfavorable shift in serum cholesterol levels after RB intake in postmenopausal women, which should be considered for evaluating health beneficial effects of rye products.
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| 30. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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Metabolomics study of cereal grains reveals the discriminative metabolic markers associated with anatomical compartments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Italian Journal of Food Science. - 1120-1770. ; 27, s. 142-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study used NMR-based metabolomics to compare the metabolic profile of different anatomical compartments of cereal grains i.e. bran and endosperm in order to gain further insights into their possible role in the beneficial health effects of whole grain products (WG). Polar water-soluble metabolites in 64 bran and endosperm, samples from rye and wheat were observed using 600 MHz NMR. Bran samples had higher contents of 12 metabolites than endosperm samples. A comparative approach revealed higher contents of azelaic acid and sebacic acid in bran than in endosperm. In a pilot study, the consumption of WG rye bread (485 g) caused NMR signals in 24h urine corresponding to azelaic acid. The relatively high abundance, anatomical specificity, pattern of metabolism, urinary excretion in human, antibacterial, and anticancer activities suggest further studying of azelaic acid when exposure to WG or beneficial effects of WG are investigated.
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| 31. |
- Moazzami, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Non-targeted H-1-NMR-metabolomics suggest the induction of master regulators of energy metabolism in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats
- 2015
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Ingår i: Food and Function. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2042-6496 .- 2042-650X. ; 6, s. 1090-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The essential function of vitamin E in vivo is not fully understood. Several studies addressed changes in the pattern of gene expression induced by vitamin E, but often did not investigate if these changes altered biochemical pathways and are eventually translated into biological function. We therefore used H-1-NMR metabolomics to investigate the biochemical effects in the liver of rats caused by long-term feeding with diets deficient (dVE; alpha-tocopherol (alpha T), <1; gamma-tocopherol (gamma T), <1; all values in mg kg(-1) diet), marginal (mVE; alpha T, 6; gamma T, 11), sufficient (sVE; alpha T, 12; gamma T, 24), or fortified with vitamin E (fVE; alpha T, 140; gamma T, 24). The concentrations of four polar hepatic metabolites were affected by the vitamin E content of the diet; glucose was lower and creatine, phosphocholine, and betaine were higher in deficient compared with rats receiving vitamin E. To achieve further biochemical insight, we investigated transcriptional changes in genes involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways related to these metabolites. Transcription of PGC1 alpha, PPAR alpha, and PPAR gamma , transcription factors controlling energy metabolism, was lower and that of the fatty acid translocase CD36 higher in animals fed vitamin E-deficient compared to those fed vitamin E-replete diets. Our data thus indicate that consumption of a vitamin E-deficient diet may alter hepatic energy metabolism in rats.
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| 32. |
- Moazzami, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics enable detection of the effects of a whole grain rye and rye bran diet on the metabolic profile of plasma in prostate cancer patients
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - Bethesda : American Society for Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 141:12, s. 2126-2132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in the Western world and the second most important cancer causing male deaths, after lung cancer, in the United States and Britain. Lifestyle and dietary changes are recommended for men diagnosed with early-stage PC. It has been shown that a diet rich in whole grain (WG) rye reduces the progression of early-stage PC, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study sought to identify changes in the metabolic signature of plasma in patients with early-stage PC following intervention with a diet rich in WG rye and rye bran product (RP) compared with refined white wheat product (WP) as a tool for mechanistic investigation of the beneficial health effects of RP on PC progression. Seventeen PC patients received 485 g RP or WP in a randomized, controlled, crossover design during a period of 6 wk with a 2-wk washout period. At the end of each intervention period, plasma was collected after fasting and used for (1)H NMR-based metabolomics. Multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis was used for paired comparisons of multivariate data. A metabolomics analysis of plasma showed an increase in 5 metabolites, including 3-hydroxybutyric acid, acetone, betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine, and dimethyl sulfone, after RP. To understand these metabolic changes, fasting plasma homocysteine, leptin, adiponectin, and glucagon were measured separately. The plasma homocysteine concentration was lower (P = 0.017) and that of leptin tended to be lower (P = 0.07) after RP intake compared to WP intake. The increase in plasma 3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone after RP suggests a shift in energy metabolism from anabolic to catabolic status, which could explain some of the beneficial health effects of WG rye, i.e., reduction in prostate-specific antigen and reduced 24-h insulin secretion. In addition, the increase in betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine and the decrease in homocysteine show a favorable shift in homocysteine metabolism after RP intake.
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| 33. |
- Moazzami, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Sesame Seed Oil
- 2009
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Ingår i: Gourmet and health-promoting specialty oils. - 9781893997974 ; , s. 267-282
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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STAT3 regulated ARF expression suppresses prostate cancer metastasis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer in men. Hyperactive STAT3 is thought to be oncogenic in PCa. However, targeting of the IL-6/STAT3 axis in PCa patients has failed to provide therapeutic benefit. Here we show that genetic inactivation of Stat3 or IL-6 signalling in a Pten-deficient PCa mouse model accelerates cancer progression leading to metastasis. Mechanistically, we identify p19(ARF) as a direct Stat3 target. Loss of Stat3 signalling disrupts the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumour suppressor axis bypassing senescence. Strikingly, we also identify STAT3 and CDKN2A mutations in primary human PCa. STAT3 and CDKN2A deletions co-occurred with high frequency in PCa metastases. In accordance, loss of STAT3 and p14(ARF) expression in patient tumours correlates with increased risk of disease recurrence and metastatic PCa. Thus, STAT3 and ARF may be prognostic markers to stratify high from low risk PCa patients. Our findings challenge the current discussion on therapeutic benefit or risk of IL-6/STAT3 inhibition.
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| 35. |
- Moazzami, Ali
(författare)
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Thyroid and androgen receptor signaling are antagonized by mu-Crystallin in prostate cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 148, s. 731-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a key approach in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa inevitably relapses and becomes ADT resistant. Besides androgens, there is evidence that thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and its active form 3,5,3 '-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) are involved in the progression of PCa. Epidemiologic evidences show a higher incidence of PCa in men with elevated thyroid hormone levels. The thyroid hormone binding protein mu-Crystallin (CRYM) mediates intracellular thyroid hormone action by sequestering T3 and blocks its binding to cognate receptors (TR alpha/TR beta) in target tissues. We show in our study that low CRYM expression levels in PCa patients are associated with early biochemical recurrence and poor prognosis. Moreover, we found a disease stage-specific expression of CRYM in PCa. CRYM counteracted thyroid and androgen signaling and blocked intracellular choline uptake. CRYM inversely correlated with [18F]fluoromethylcholine (FMC) levels in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of PCa patients. Our data suggest CRYM as a novel antagonist of T3- and androgen-mediated signaling in PCa. The role of CRYM could therefore be an essential control mechanism for the prevention of aggressive PCa growth.
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| 36. |
- Müller, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Ratios as Related to Gastrointestinal and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 83:7, s. 693-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and may reflect health. Gut symptoms are common in individuals with depressive disorders, and recent data indicate relationships between gut microbiota and psychiatric health. We aimed to investigate potential associations between SCFAs and self-reported depressive and gut symptoms in young adults. Methods: Fecal samples from 164 individuals (125 were patients with psychiatric disorders: mean [standard deviation] age = 21.9 [2.6] years, 14% men; 39 nonpsychiatric controls: age = 28.5 [9.5] years, 38% men) were analyzed for the SCFA acetate, butyrate, and propionate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We then compared SCFA ratios with dimensional measures of self-reported depressive and gut symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms showed a positive association with acetate levels (rho = 0.235, p =.003) and negative associations with both butyrate (rho = -0.195, p =.014) and propionate levels (rho = -0.201, p =.009) in relation to total SCFA levels. Furthermore, symptoms of diarrhea showed positive associations with acetate (rho = 0.217, p =.010) and negative associations with propionate in relation to total SCFA levels (rho = 0.229, p = 0-007). Cluster analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern where shifts in SCFA ratios were observed in individuals with elevated levels of depressive symptoms, elevated levels of gut symptoms, or both. Conclusions: Shifts in SCFAs are associated with both depressive symptoms and gut symptoms in young adults and may have of relevance for treatment.
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| 37. |
- Müllner, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites in lean compared with obese adolescents and additional metabolic shifts associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with obesity and are forerunners of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about metabolic alterations separately associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescents. Objectives To identify metabolic alterations associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and hyperinsulinaemia/IR combined with IGT in obese adolescents. Methods 81 adolescents were stratified into four groups based on body mass index (lean vs. obese), insulin responses (normal insulin (NI) vs. high insulin (HI)) and glucose responses (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs. IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The groups comprised: (1) healthy lean with NI and NGT, (2) obese with NI and NGT, (3) obese with HI and NGT, and (4) obese with HI and IGT. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting and seven post-OGTT plasma samples, followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results Two groups of metabolites were identified: (1) Metabolites associated with insulin response level: adolescents with HI (groups 3-4) had higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of serine, glycine, myo-inositol and dimethylsulfone, than adolescents with NI (groups 1-2). (2) Metabolites associated with obesity status: obese adolescents (groups 2-4) had higher concentrations of acetylcarnitine, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate, and lower concentrations of acetate, than lean adolescents (group 1). Conclusions Obesity is associated with shifts in fat and energy metabolism. Hyperinsulinaemia/IR in obese adolescents is also associated with increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acids.
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| 38. |
- Müllner, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Serum metabolomics analysis reveals increased lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic Gilbert's syndrome individuals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The protective role of mildly elevated bilirubin against CVD and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is associated with a favorable lipid phenotype. As the mechanistic understanding of this protection in humans remains elusive, we aimed to assess the metabolomics profile of mildly hyperbilirubinemic (Gilbert's syndrome; GS) individuals especially targeting lipid catabolism. Methods and results: Using NMR serum metabolomics of 56 GS individuals and 56 age and gender-matched healthy controls, GS individuals demonstrated significantly greater concentrations of acetylcarnitine (+20%, p < 0.001) and the ketone bodies, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (+132%, p < 0.001), acetoacetic acid (+95%, p < 0.001) and acetone (+46%, p < 0.001). Metabolites associated with an increased mitochondrial lipid metabolism such as citrate (+15%, p < 0.001), anaplerotic amino acid intermediates and creatinine were significantly greater and creatine significantly reduced in GS individuals. Stimulators of lipid catabolism including AMPK (+59%, p < 0.001), pPPAR alpha (+24%, p < 0.001) and T3 (+9%, p = 0.009) supported the metabolomics data while concomitantly blood glucose and insulin (-33%, p = 0.002) levels were significantly reduced. We further showed that the increased lipid catabolism partially mediates the favorable lipid phenotype (lower triglycerides) of GS individuals. Increased trimethylamine (+35%, p < 0.001) indicated changes in trimethylamine metabolism, an emerging predictor of metabolic health. Conclusion: We showed an enhanced lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic individuals, novel evidence as to why these individuals are leaner and protected against chronic metabolic diseases emphasizing bilirubin to be a promising future target in obese and dyslipidemia patients. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 39. |
- Pan, Jinfeng, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of combining linseed oil and sesamin on the fatty acid composition in white muscle and on expression of lipid-related genes in white muscle and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquaculture International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0967-6120 .- 1573-143X. ; 21, s. 843-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sesamin (S) is a known lipid modulator and has been shown to increase the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to docosahexaenoic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed vegetable oil mixtures including linseed oil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of S supplementation in linseed oil-based diets, content of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as the gene expression of lipid-related genes. Fish with an average weight of 36.5 g were fed different combinations of commercial linseed oil (LO), purified linseed oil triacylglycerols (TAG) with polar fraction removed and a mixed linseed-sunflower oil (6:4 v/v) (MO). S was added at 0.58 g 100(-1)g feed and fed to the fish for a period of 58 days. Expression of PPAR alpha was downregulated in white muscle of fish fed S containing diets (P < 0.05). The expression of PPAR beta 1A was not affected by S supplementation except where TAG oil was used. The expression of PPAR beta 1A declined significantly in TAG + S fed group (P < 0.05), which indicates that some minor compounds in linseed oil might suppress the effect of S on the expression of PPAR beta 1A. The expression of PPAR gamma(long) declined in LO + S and MO + S fed group (P < 0.05). The beta-oxidation-related genes CPT1 and ACO were upregulated by vegetable oils compared to fish oil. S decreased percentage of ALA in white muscle of fish fed LO + S (P < 0.05). The increased desaturation index and the decreased ALA levels suggest that S may increase the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated FA in rainbow trout.
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| 40. |
- Shi, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted metabolomics reveals differences in the extended postprandial plasma metabolome of healthy subjects after intake of whole-grain rye porridges versus refined wheat bread
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeWe previously found that whole-grain (WG) rye porridges suppressed appetite and improved glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate potential plasma metabolites that may be related to differences in those appetite and glucose responses.Methods and resultsTwenty-one health subjects consumed six isocaloric breakfasts in a randomized cross-over study. Plain WG rye porridges (40 and 55 g), rye porridge enriched with different inulin: gluten proportions (9:3 g; 6:6 g; 3:9 g), and a 55 g refined wheat bread (control) were served as part of complete breakfast, followed by a standardized lunch. NMR metabolomics assessed 36 plasma metabolites and short chain fatty acids were measured by GC-MS from baseline up to 8 h. Pre-lunch plasma essential amino acids reflected protein composition and post-lunch plasma short chain fatty acids varied with fiber content in breakfasts. No correlations were observed between measured metabolites and glucose, insulin, or appetite responses.ConclusionsDifferences in protein and fiber contents in breakfasts altered postprandial plasma amino acids and short chain fatty acids, respectively, but were unrelated to appetite and glucose responses. Further studies are warrant to identify the underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects on appetite and second meal glucose responses after rye-based foods.
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| 41. |
- Shrestha, Aahana, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic changes in serum metabolome in response to a meal
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 56, s. 671-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The change in serum metabolic response from fasting state to postprandial state provides novel insights into the impact of a single meal on human metabolism. Therefore, this study explored changes in serum metabolite profile after a single meal.Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance participated in the study. They received a meal consisting of refined wheat bread (50 g carbohydrates, 9 g protein, 4.2 g fat and 2.7 g dietary fibre), 40 g cucumber and 300 mL noncaloric orange drink. Blood samples were collected at fasting and five postprandial time points. Metabolic profile was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Changes over time were assessed with multivariate models and ANOVA, with baseline as control.The metabolomic analyses demonstrated alterations in phospholipids, amino acids and their breakdown products, glycolytic products, acylcarnitines and ketone bodies after a single meal. More specifically, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and citrate displayed an overall declining pattern, while leucine, isoleucine, methionine and succinate increased initially but declined thereafter. A sharp decline in acylcarnitines and ketone bodies and increase in glycolytic products postprandially suggest a switch in the body's energy source from beta-oxidation to glycolysis. Moreover, individuals with relatively high postprandial insulin responses generated a higher postprandial leucine responses compared to participants with lower insulin responses.The study demonstrated complex changes from catabolic to anabolic metabolism after a meal and indicated that the extent of postprandial responses is different between individuals with high and low insulin response.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Indication of metabolic inflexibility to food intake in spontaneously overweight Labrador Retriever dogs
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundObesity in dogs is an increasing problem associated with morbidity, shortened life span and poor life quality. Overweight dogs exhibit postprandial hyperlipidaemia, highlighting the need to identify potential dysregulations in lipid metabolism. This study investigated metabolites related to lipid metabolism (i.e. acylcarnitines and taurine) and phospholipids in a feed-challenge test and aimed to identify metabolic variations in spontaneously overweight dogs. Twenty-eight healthy male Labrador Retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4-5 on a 9-point scale) and 16 as overweight (BCS 6-8). After overnight fasting (14-17h), fasting blood samples were collected and dogs were fed a high-fat meal followed by postprandial blood sample collection hourly for 4h. Liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) was used to identify plasma metabolites and phospholipids. Multivariate models, mixed model repeated measures and linear regression analyses were used for data interpretation.ResultsIn all dogs, propionylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine and nine phospholipids increased in response to food intake, while vaccenylcarnitine decreased (P0.005 for all). Overall, carnitine and acetylcarnitine signal areas in the feed-challenge test were lower in overweight dogs (P0.004). Notably, fasting plasma acetylcarnitine was lower in overweight dogs than in lean dogs (P=0.001) and it did not change in response to feeding. The latter finding was in contrast to the decreased acetylcarnitine signal area found in lean dogs at one hour postprandially (P<0.0001). One fasting phosphatidylcholine (PCaa C38:4) was higher in prominently overweight dogs (BCS>6) than in lean dogs (P<0.05).ConclusionsPlasma carnitine status was overall lower in spontaneously overweight dogs than in lean dogs in this cohort of healthy Labrador Retriever dogs, indicating a potential carnitine insufficiency in the overweight group. The acetylcarnitine response in overweight dogs indicated decreased fatty acid oxidation at fasting and metabolic inflexibility to food intake. Further studies on metabolic inflexibility and its potential role in the metabolism of overweight dogs are warranted.
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| 44. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma metabolomics reveals lower carnitine concentrations in overweight Labrador Retriever dogs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight is increasing in dogs, but the metabolic events related to this condition are still poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the postprandial response of plasma metabolites using a meal-challenge test and to identify metabolic variations related to spontaneous overweightness in privately owned dogs.ResultsTwenty-eight healthy male intact Labrador Retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4-5 on a 9-point scale) and 16 as overweight (BCS 6-8). After an overnight fast (14-17h), blood samples were collected and dogs were thereafter fed a high-fat meal. Postprandial blood samples were collected hourly four times. Plasma metabolites were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. Postprandial metabolomes differed from the fasting metabolome in multivariate discriminantanalysis (PLS-DA: Q(2)Y=0.31-0.63, cross-validated ANOVA: P0.00014) Eleven metabolites, all amino acids, contributed to the separations. Carnitine was identified as a metabolite related to overweight (stepwise logistic regression analysis P0.03) and overweight dogs had overall lower carnitine response (mixed model repeated measures analysis P=0.005) than lean dogs. Notably, mean fasting carnitine concentration in overweight dogs (9.44.2 mu M) was close to a proposed reference limit for carnitine insufficiency.ConclusionsA postprandial amino acid response was detected but no time-dependent variations with regards to body condition groups were found. Lower carnitine concentrations were found in overweight compared to lean dogs. The latter finding could indicate a carnitine insufficiency related to spontaneous adiposity and altered lipid metabolism in overweight dogs in this cohort of otherwise healthy Labrador Retrievers.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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The urine metabolome differs between lean and overweight Labrador Retriever dogs during a feed-challenge
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity in dogs is an increasing problem and better knowledge of the metabolism of overweight dogs is needed. Identification of molecular changes related to overweight may lead to new methods to improve obesity prevention and treatment. The aim of the study was firstly to investigate whether Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabolomics could be used to differentiate postprandial from fasting urine in dogs, and secondly to investigate whether metabolite profiles differ between lean and overweight dogs in fasting and postprandial urine, respectively. Twenty-eight healthy intact male Labrador Retrievers were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4-5 on a 9-point scale) and 16 as overweight (BCS 6-8). After overnight fasting, a voided morning urine sample was collected. Dogs were then fed a high-fat mixed meal and postprandial urine was collected after 3 hours. Metabolic profiles were generated using NMR and 45 metabolites identified from the spectral data were evaluated using multivariate data analysis. The results revealed that fasting and postprandial urine differed in relative metabolite concentration (partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 1 comp: (RY)-Y-2 = 0.4, Q(2)Y = 0.32; cross validated ANOVA: P=0.00006). Univariate analyses of discriminant metabolites showed that taurine and citrate concentrations were elevated in postprandial urine, while allantoin concentration had decreased. Interestingly, lean and overweight dogs differed in terms of relative metabolite concentrations in postprandial urine (PLS-DA 1 comp: (RY)-Y-2 = 0.5, Q(2)Y = 0.36, cross-validated ANOVA: P=0.005) but not in fasting urine. Overweight dogs had lower postprandial taurine and a trend of higher allantoin concentrations compared with lean dogs. These findings demonstrate that metabolomics can differentiate 3-hour postprandial urine from fasting urine in dogs, and that postprandial urine metabolites may be more useful than fasting metabolites for identification of metabolic alterations linked to overweight. The lowered urinary taurine concentration in overweight dogs could indicate alterations in lipid metabolism and merits further investigation.
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| 47. |
- Trattner, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Dietary Sesamin, a Bioactive Compound on Fatty Acids and Expression of Some Lipid Regulating Genes in Baltic Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Juveniles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiological Research // Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 60, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of inclusion of sesamin / episesamin in Baltic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets based on vegetable oils were studied. The study was designed as a dose response study with two control diets, one diet based on fish oil (FO) and one diet based on a mixture of linseed and sunflower oil (6:4 by vol.) (MO). As experimental diets three different levels of inclusion of sesamin / episesamin (hereafter named sesamin) to the MO based diet and one diet based on sesame oil and linseed oil (SesO) (1:1 by vol.) were used. The dietary oils were mirrored in the fatty acid profile of the white muscle. Sesamin significantly decreased the levels of 18:3n-3 in the white muscle phospholipid (PL) fraction of all groups fed sesamin, no significant differences were found in the triacylglycerol fraction (TAG). Slightly increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in PL and TAG were found in some of the sesamin fed groups. Sesamin significantly affected the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a, scavenger receptor type B and hormone sensitive lipase, in agreement with previous studies on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes published by our group. No significant effects on toxicological response measured as ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was found. The total cytochrome P450 enzymes were significantly higher in MO 0.29 and SesO group. The amount of alpha- and y-tocopherols in liver and the amount of.-tocopherol in white muscle were significantly lower in fish fed the FO diet compared to the MO diet, but no difference after inclusion of sesamin was found in this study. Increased inclusion of sesamin increased the levels of sesamin and episesamin in the liver, but did not affect the amounts in white muscle.
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| 48. |
- Wagner, Liane, et al.
(författare)
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1H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Lipid Analyses Revealed the Effect of Dietary Replacement of Microbial Extracts or Mussel Meal with Fish Meal to Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fishes. - : MDPI AG. - 2410-3888. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of replacing 40% of dietary fish meal (FM) in a reference diet (REF) with either mussel meal (MM), zygomycete fungi (ZYG), extracted baker's yeast (EY), or non-extracted baker's yeast (NY) on the lipid and metabolic profile of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were investigated. After a 14-week feeding trial, liver and muscle tissues were collected for lipid (lipid content, lipid class, fatty acid composition) and H-1 NMR-based metabolomics analyses (aqueous and chloroform phases). Lipid analyses showed that fish fed ZYG diet had lower liver lipid content and thereby 10% higher level of docosahexaenoic acid compared with REF. Metabolomics analyses showed that on the one hand fish fed NY diet affected liver metabolites (2-3 fold higher concentrations of e.g., n,n-dimethylglycine and betaine) compared with REF, while, on the other hand, the muscle metabolic fingerprint was mainly a ffected by EY. In general, a ffected metabolites (e.g., alanine, anserine, betaine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, malonate, n,n-dimethylglycine, proline, succinate, and valine) in fish fed test diets suggested that the test meal ingredients caused mainly a response in muscle metabolism. Fish metabolism was least affected by MM, which suggests that it may be suitable to replace fish meal in Arctic charr diets.
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| 49. |
- Wagner, Liane, et al.
(författare)
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H-1 NMR-based metabolomics studies on the effect of sesamin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 147, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A H-1 NMR-based metabolomics approach was used to explore the impact of dietary sesamin on the liver and white muscle metabolic profile of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were fed diets containing different n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios (V0.5 or V1) and sesamin contents [without (SO), low (SL) 1.16 g/kg feed, and high (SH) 5.8 g/kg feed] for 4 months. Liver and white muscle extracts of aqueous polar and chloroform lipid phases were collected. Multivariate data analyses (PCA and OPLS-DA) of liver chloroform phase showed that high levels of sesamin affected the metabolic profile impartially of the n-6/n-3 ratio. In the aqueous phase, the metabolome of liver and white muscle were affected in fish fed an n-6/n-3 ratio of 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. With high inclusion of sesamin, the levels of several metabolites (e.g glucose, glycogen, leucine, valine, creatine, carnitine, lactate, nucleosides) were increased. These metabolites are mainly associated with energy metabolism, suggesting that high sesamin inclusion affects liver and white muscle metabolism in fish. This is consistent with lower body weights found in fish fed high sesamin content. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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