| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Moberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Blood pressure screening in midlife aids in prediction of dementia later in life
- 2022
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : UPSALA MED SOC. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 127:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is substantial evidence that midlife hypertension is a risk factor for late life dementia. Our aim was to investigate if even high blood pressure at a single timepoint in midlife can predict an increased risk for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or vascular dementia (VaD) later in life. Methods: The community-based study population comprised 30,102 dementia-free individuals from the Westmannia Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study. The participants were aged 40 or 50 years when the health examination took place in 1990-2000. Diagnose registers from both hospitals and primary healthcare centers were used to identify individuals who after inclusion to the study developed dementia.The association between midlife high blood pressure (defined as systolic blood pressure >140 and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) at a single timepoint and dementia was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, education, smoking, and physical activity level. Multivariate binary cox regression analyses were used. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 24 years resulting in 662,244 person/years, 761 (2.5%) individuals had been diagnosed with dementia. Midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicted allcause dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45) and VaD (HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.47-3.00) but not AD (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.81-1.38). Conclusion: This study suggests that even midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicts allcause dementia and more than doubles the risk for VaD later in life independently of established confounders. Even though there was no such association with AD, this strengthens the importance of midlife health examinations in order to identify individuals with hypertension and initiate treatment.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Anderson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural expression of positive anticipation for food or opportunity to play in lambs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 113, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anticipatory behaviours may serve a useful tool in studying positive emotional states in animals. This study aimed to investigate if lambs express anticipatory behaviours for opportunities to play or a food reward and if these behaviours would differ depending on the anticipated event. Forty-two male lambs were allocated into three treatment groups (control, play, food). Play and food lambs were conditioned to anticipate play or food in a holding pen for three minutes prior to accessing a reward arena containing toy objects or concentrate, respectively. Control lambs returned to their home pen following three minutes in the holding pen. Compared to the control lambs, both play and food lambs differed in several behaviours frequencies and durations, e.g. by an increased frequency of behavioural transitions and duration of walking. Following these observations, food lambs received the toy objects when entering the reward arena. The subsequent session in the holding pen resulted in a decrease in number of behavioural transitions, time spent walking and an increase in time standing still. In conclusion, anticipating a positive event resulted in differences in behaviour compared to a control group, and these behaviours are affected when the anticipated event does not fit with the lambs' expectations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Byström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Eosinophil cationic protein is stored in, but not produced by, peripheral blood neutrophils
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 32:7, s. 1082-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an eosinophil-derived protein, which has been shown to be present in circulating neutrophils. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether ECP is produced or internalized by peripheral blood neutrophils. METHODS: This was done using microscopy, flow cytometry, fractionation of cells and RT-PCR techniques. RESULTS: No ECP mRNA was detected after extensive cell purification to eliminate all traces of contaminating eosinophils. Examination of immunostained neutrophils by light, confocal, electron microscopy together with cell fraction experiments, established that ECP is present intracellularly and is mostly associated to cell granules. Uptake studies by flow cytometry and by using both cold and radiolabelled ECP showed that it is internalized by neutrophils and stored in some proportion in their primary granules. Upon stimulation with serum-treated Sephadex particles, the internalized ECP was partially released from cells. CONCLUSION: ECP is not produced but can be internalized by circulating neutrophils, which take it from the environment and partially store it in their primary granules.
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| 6. |
- Casswell, Stacey, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 Antibody Testing of Patients Admitted to the ICU by A Novel, Point-of-Care Assay, and the Relationship to Survival
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research. - : Fortune Journals. - 2572-5017. ; 05:06
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnosing persons infected by COVID-19 is key to the control of the pandemic. It has, however, become increasingly important to identify those who have had the infection by measurement of circulating antibodies against Sars-COV-2 of the IgM and IgG type. In this report we show the development of a rapid and sensitive point-of-care assay for the measurement of IgG antibodies against the two spike proteins, S1 and S2, of the Sars-COV-2 virus.Methods: The AgPlus electrochemical technology was applied and the S1 and S2 proteins were biotinylated and immobilized onto streptavidin coated magnetic particles as the capture component of the assay. The IgG antibodies bound to the particles were detected by anti-human IgG and the signal expressed as nC (nano Coulomb). Assay time was <10 min.Results: Plasma (n=211) from 117 SARS-Cov-2 PCR positive patients and from 78 persons with samples taken before the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 91.9% and 100%, respectively. The assay was highly correlated to a predicate and FDA-approved IgG antibody ELISA (r=0.81). The IgG response was significantly lower in patients who died during their ICU stay.Conclusions: A poor IgG response after a COVID-19 infection is a serious risk factor as to death. A sensitive, rapid and accurate IgG antibody POC assay should be useful in the daily management and evaluation of COVID-19 infected patients.
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| 7. |
- Chapagain, Durga, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the motivation to play in lambs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 160, s. 64-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify behaviours and ear postures linked to the appetitive, consummatory and post-consummatory motivational phases of play in male lambs, and to evaluate how cortisol was affected by play. Ten pairs of male lambs, Ovis aries were observed in a play arena three times a week for 4 weeks. They were kept in a holding pen for 5 min (appetitive phase) where they could look into the play arena (containing a ball, two chains and a tunnel) and thereafter released into the play arena for 20 min (consummatory phase). They returned to their home pen where they were observed for 6 min (post-consummatory phase). Direct observations were made in each location and behaviours were recorded as frequencies per min. Ear postures were recorded instantaneously every 15 s for 3 min per location. Saliva samples were taken in the 4th week for analysis of cortisol. Behaviours were analysed with a generalized linear model and cortisol with paired t-test. In the holding pen, the most common behaviours were walking, sniffing pen, standing facing play arena, standing facing alley, butting and pawing. Walking (P < 0.001) and standing facing play arena (P < 0.001) were higher during the 1st min whereas butting (P<0.001) was lower during the 1st min compared to the other 4 min. In the play arena, social play was more frequent than locomotor and object play (median: 1.85, 0.97, and 1.14 events per min, respectively). Total play and locomotor play decreased across the 20 min, whereas social play remained high until the 8th min. Total play (P<0.001) and social play (P<0.01) were most frequent during the 2nd week. Walking and standing were performed immediately after returning to the home pen but after the 1st min, lambs spent most of their time feeding. Raised and backward ear postures were common in the holding pen and play arena whereas plane ear postures were more common in the home pen. Salivary cortisol tended to increase after play (P=0.08). In conclusion, lambs showed different active behaviours together with raised and backward ear postures during the appetitive phase, high amounts of play together with backward and raised ear postures during the consummatory phase and mainly feeding together with plane ear postures during the post-consummatory phase. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Esgard, Veronica Frey, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic methods and written advice for acute otitis media in primary health care
- 2024
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Otomicroscopy and pneumatic methods are superior to otoscopy alone in diagnosing acute otitis media (AOM). There is a lack of knowledge regarding the use of different diagnostic methods for AOM in primary health care in Sweden and Norway. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a questionnaire completed by general practitioners (GPs) and specialist trainees (STs/residents/registrars) working in primary care in Sweden and Norway. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the use of diagnostic methods and written advice adjusted for educational level, sex and country. Results: Otoscopy was the most frequently used method. Sweden had greater access to the more accurate diagnostic methods. In Norway, the following methods were used to a lesser extent: pneumatic otoscopy, adjusted OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.10-0.23; p < .001), otomicroscopy, adjusted OR 0.013 (95% CI 0.070-0.027; p < .001), pneumatic otomicroscopy, adjusted OR 0.028 (95% CI 0.010-0.078; p < .001) and tympanometry, adjusted OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.21-0.45; p < .001). Written advice was used to a greater extent in Norway, adjusted OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.1-6.7; p < .001). The STs used pneumatic otoscopy and pneumatic otomicroscopy to a lesser extent, adjusted OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.93; p = .019) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.43-0.92; p = .016). Conclusions: Swedish physicians both used and had greater access to the significantly better diagnostic methods compared with Norwegian physicians while the opposite applied to the use of written information. The GPs used pneumatic otoscopy and pneumatic otomicroscopy to a greater extent than STs. Compared with 2012, the Swedish physicians now more frequently used pneumatic otoscopy.
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| 10. |
- Gamfeldt, Lars, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000km2, we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests.
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| 11. |
- Handlin, Linda, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of a Therapy Dog on the Blood Pressure and Heart Rate of Older Residents in a Nursing Home
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anthrozoos. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0892-7936 .- 1753-0377. ; 31:5, s. 567-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present project was to investigate whether repeated visits by a therapy dog to nursing homes might affect the older residents’ systolic blood pressure and heart rate. A secondary aim was to investigate and compare effects (differences in responses) in older people with high and normal systolic blood pressure. The project consisted of two consecutive studies; the dog study (two researchers and a therapy dog with a handler visited the residents at three nursing homes, n = 13), and the controlstudy (the two researchers alone visited the residents at three different nursinghomes, n = 13). The studies were divided into three periods; period 1(weeks 1–2), period 2 (weeks 3–4), and period 3 (weeks 5–6) and included two visits per week. The dog and her handler visited during periods 2 and 3 in the dog study. Participants’ heart rate and blood pressure were measured at 0 and 20 minutes at each visit. The data were analyzed using Friedman’s twowayanalysis of Variance by Rank with post-hoc analysis using Wilcoxonsigned-rank tests with a Bonferroni correction, and also with the mann-Whitney U test for independent samples. In the dog study, participants’ heartrate decreased significantly (p = 0.006) from period 1 to period 3. Participants with an initial systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmhg had a significant decreasein both systolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) and heart rate (p = 0.009). In the control study, participants’ heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly. the participants in the dog study had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure during period 3 (p = 0.016) compared with those in the control study. In conclusion, repeated visits by a therapy dog–handler team decreased the older adults’ heart rate, and for those with high initial systolic blood pressure, blood pressure also decreased. In addition, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the dog group when compared with the control group.
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| 12. |
- Jönbrink, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Policy for Circular Economy : Prestudy for improved policy development
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes mainly the approach and results from a project “Polcirkeln” within the research program RE:Source, funded by three Swedish agencies: the Swedish Energy Agency, Vinnova and Formas. Polcirceln has studied the current situation and possible future effects of various measures for a circular economy. Among others, the EU's proposed policy package for a circular economy has been studied. A selection of today's flows of products, materials and waste constitutes a starting point and challenges and possible effects on material flows and sustainability have been formulated and analyzed based on experiences and views from different actors in the value chain (mainly from industry), and other experts. Methods used in the study are e.g. interviews, web-surveys, workshops and scenario analysis.The importance of Policies moving towards a more holistic approach to achieve more circular flows has been stressed by all stakeholders in the study described in the paper. Instead of dividing activities, obstacles and opportunities between waste, materials, production and consumption, a holistic approach should be introduced in the analysis of the challenges and designing of solutions. Another main finding is that a change to a Circular Economy needs an increased and developed cooperation between companies and other actors along the value chain, thus there is a need to develop policies in order to support the new improved ways for cooperation
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lindqvist Bagge, A, et al.
(författare)
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Withdrawal from anabolic androgenic steroids does not affect personality characteristics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2329-6488. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and personality characteristics with the following research questions: 1) Do personality characteristics differ between AAS-abusers and an AAS-naïve comparison group? 2) Do personality characteristics differ between active AASabusers and former AAS-abusers? 3) Does time of withdrawal from AAS affect personality characteristics? Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Sixty men (active n=20, former n=40) seeking medical consultation for their AAS abuse were included in the study. Personality characteristics were assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) inventory. Comparisons were made with an age- and gender-matched group of AAS-naïve body-builders (n=30). Results: AAS-abusers differed significantly in their personality characteristics from the AAS-naïve control group. No major differences were found between active and former AAS-abusers. No correlations were found between personality characteristics and time of withdrawal or duration of AAS abuse. Conclusions: Individuals with AAS abuse differ in their personality characteristics from those who have never used AAS. Withdrawal from AAS does not, however, alter personality characteristic in AAS-abusers, although the causality of this relationship is unclear, indirectly stating that AAS do not seem to alter personality characteristics in a major fashion. On the other hand, it could be argued that AAS gives a more permanent change on personality that is not affected by time of withdrawal from AAS. Thus, the present results do not explain the causality of the relationship between AAS abuse and personality characteristics and further studies are needed in order to clarify this relationship.
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| 15. |
- Moberg, Lena
(författare)
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Lågtyskt och svenskt i Stockholms medeltida tänkeböcker
- 1989
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this study is to investigate which factors contributed to the extensive Middle Low German influence on Old Swedish during the Middle Ages and to test the hypothesis that bilinguals played an active role in this process. The study is based on material from the Stockholm city court records 1474—1508. Two city scribes kept the records during that time, Ingevald (1474—1487), undoubtedly of Swedish descent but of whom little is known, and his successor the bilingual Helmik van Norden (1487—1508) of German descent, whose family had lived in Stockholm for at least two generations. Approximately 1350 different words and expressions of Middle Low German origin have been examined with regard to their adaptation to Old Swedish graphonomic-phonologic and morphologic patterns. Marked differences between the two scribes have been observed. While Ingevald usually reproduces the Low German loan-words in an integrated form that conforms with the traditional Old Swedish norm, the loan-words in Helmik’s texts often appear in their original Middle Low German form. Helmik’s vocabulary of German origin is also more extensive and specialized than Ingevald’s. In Ingevald’s texts prefixes and suffixes of Low German origin appear mainly within the context of established loan-words, whereas Helmik uses the word formation possibilities he knows from Middle Low German to create new words as well. Close relationship between the two languages and similar structures have facilitated the transfer of loan-words and the creation of new words with both Low German and Old Swedish elements. Apparently Helmik represents an important group of bilinguals who served not only as intermediaries of Low German vocabulary but also as introducers of linguistic novelties. Loan-words sometimes appear in forms that reflect regional or colloquial variation in Middle Low German. In some cases these appear to be of Westphalian origin.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Nilsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Interactive Behaviors Induced by a Therapy Dog and Her Handler on the Physiology of Residents in Nursing Homes : An Exploratory Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Anthrozoos. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0892-7936 .- 1753-0377. ; 37:2, s. 323-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate interactive behaviors performed between residents at nursing homes and a therapy dog and her handler and explore if they influenced residents’ physiological variables such as fingertip temperature, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The therapy dog–handler team visited 12 older people at three nursing homes for 60 min twice a week during a four-week period. The visits were videotaped, and the duration of interactive behaviors was recorded. The physiological variables were measured before (0 min) and after (60 min) the interaction between the residents and the dog–handler team, and the delta value was calculated. The interactive behaviors during the first two and the last two weeks were as follows: the resident looking at the dog (799 and 697 s/h), the resident in physical contact with the dog (183 and 109 s/h, p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), the resident playing with the dog (123 and 126 s/h), the resident talking with others (559 and 511 s/h), and the dog handler having physical contact with the resident (822 and 764 s/h). The mean values for fingertip temperature, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the first and two last weeks (paired t-test). However, the delta values varied largely between the different residents. The more physical contact the residents had with the dog handler, the more the fingertip temperature increased (p < 0.05, mixed linear model). The duration of physical contact between the residents and the dog tended to be associated with an increased fingertip temperature (p < 0.1). Furthermore, the more the residents were in verbal contact with the dog handler, the more their heart rate decreased (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate some associations between specific interactive behaviors and physiological changes in residents in connection with visits by a dog–handler team.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Interacting With a Visiting Dog Increases Fingertip Temperature in Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether interacting with a visiting dog influences fingertip temperature and cortisol levels in residents living in nursing homes for the elderly. The study included two groups, the dog group (n = 13) and the control group (n = 11–15) and lasted for 8 weeks for the dog group and 6 weeks for the control group. All participants were residents living at nursing homes for the elderly. The researchers visited small groups of the participants twice weekly during the entire study in both the dog and the control group. The visiting dog and the dog handler accompanied the researchers during weeks 3–6. Fingertip temperature was measured and saliva samples for cortisol determination were collected at 0, 20 and 60 min for the dog group and at 0 and 20 min for the control group. For analysis the study was divided into periods; Period 1 (week 1–2), Period 2 (week 3–4), Period 3 (week 5–6) and Period 4 (week 7–8, only the dog group). Mean values based on all data obtained at 0 and 20 min during period 1–3 were compared between groups. A second, separate analysis for the dog group also included data from 60 min and for period 4. For the dog group fingertip temperature increased significantly between period 1 and 2, 1 and 3 and 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). In addition, fingertip temperature rose significantly between 0 and 20 min and between 0 and 60 min within all periods. For the control group a significant decrease in fingertip temperature was observed between period 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Fingertip temperature did not differ between the two groups during period 1, but was significantly higher for the dog group than for the control group during periods 2 and 3 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Cortisol results are only presented descriptively due to that many samples had too low volume of saliva to be analyzed. In the present study interaction between elderly residents and a visiting dog resulted in increased fingertip temperature, probably reflecting a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and therefore a decrease in stress levels.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ståhl, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Two Novel Targeting Peptide Degrading Proteases, PrePs, in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, so Similar and Still Different
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 349:4, s. 847-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel metalloproteases from Arabidopsis thaliana, termed AtPrePI and AtPrePII, were recently identified and shown to degrade targeting peptides in mitochondria and chloroplasts using an ambiguous targeting peptide. AtPrePI and AtPrePII are classified as dually targeted proteins as they are targeted to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Both proteases harbour an inverted metal binding motif and belong to the pitrilysin subfamily A. Here we have investigated the subsite specificity of AtPrePI and AtPrePII by studying their proteolytic activity against the mitochondrial F1β pre-sequence, peptides derived from the F1β pre-sequence as well as non-mitochondrial peptides and proteins. The degradation products were analysed, identified by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and superimposed on the 3D structure of the F1β pre-sequence. AtPrePI and AtPrePII cleaved peptides that are in the range of 10 to 65 amino acid residues, whereas folded or longer unfolded peptides and small proteins were not degraded. Both proteases showed preference for basic amino acids in the P1 position and small, uncharged amino acids or serine residues in the P′1P′1position. Interestingly, both AtPrePI and AtPrePII cleaved almost exclusively towards the ends of the α-helical elements of the F1β pre-sequence. However, AtPrePI showed a preference for the N-terminal amphiphilic α-helix and positively charged amino acid residues and degraded the F1β pre-sequence into 10–16 amino acid fragments, whereas AtPrePII did not show any positional preference and degraded the F1β pre-sequence into 10–23 amino acid fragments. In conclusion, despite the high sequence identity between AtPrePI and AtPrePII and similarities in cleavage specificities, cleavage site recognition differs for both proteases and is context and structure dependent.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Takahashi, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Epidural Analgesia With or Without Oxytocin, but Not Oxytocin Alone, Administered During Birth Disturbs Infant Pre-feeding and Sucking Behaviors and Maternal Oxytocin Levels in Connection With a Breastfeed Two Days Later
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 15, s. 673184-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims This work aimed to study consequences of medical interventions in connection with birth on infant pre-feeding and feeding behaviors and on maternal oxytocin levels in connection with a breastfeed 2 days later.Materials and Methods Mothers and their full-term newborns (n = 41) were videotaped during a breastfeed 2 days after birth. Duration and quality of rooting [Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT)] were assessed. Maternal blood samples were collected, oxytocin levels were analyzed, and mean oxytocin level and variance were calculated. Data on medical interventions during birth, number of breastfeedings, and infant weight loss since birth were recorded. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.Results The duration of infant rooting was significantly shorter when the mother had received epidural analgesia. The shorter the duration of infant rooting, the more often infants had breastfed and the greater was the infant weight loss since birth. Mothers with epidural analgesia with oxytocin had the lowest oxytocin mean levels in connection with a breastfeed. Oxytocin variance correlated positively with quality of rooting and correlated negatively with infant weight loss. In the control group alone, we found similar patterns of associations with oxytocin levels.Conclusion Epidural analgesia and epidural analgesia with oxytocin infusion in connection with birth negatively influenced infant rooting behavior and maternal mean oxytocin levels, respectively. Oxytocin infusion alone was without effect. The data also suggest that infants who suck well stimulate oxytocin release more efficiently, as expressed by a high oxytocin variance, leading to a better stimulation of milk production and consequently to a reduced infant weight loss 2 days after birth.
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| 28. |
- Takahashi, Yuki, et al.
(författare)
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Weight loss and low age are associated with intensity of rooting behaviours in newborn infants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:10, s. 1018-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Little is known about the developing breastfeeding behaviour of newborn infants. This study describes infants' prebreastfeeding behaviour during the second day of life and explores possible associations with infant characteristics. Methods: We studied 13 mothers and healthy full-term infants after normal births. At 2448 hours of life, the newborns were placed in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers for breastfeeding and were video-filmed. The order, frequency and duration of predefined infant prefeeding behaviours and suckling were coded and analysed using computer-based video software. Results: Prefeeding behaviours occurred in the following order: rooting, hand to mouth movements, licking of the nipple and hand to breast to mouth movements. The infants started to suckle at a median of one to two minutes. Rooting was the most common behaviour, observed in 12 infants. The duration of rooting movements during the last minute before breastfeeding was inversely related to neonatal age (p = 0.001) and positively related to neonatal weight loss (p = 0.02) after birth. Conclusion: Infants exhibited a distinct sequence of prefeeding behaviours during the second day of life, and our findings suggest that rooting movements were governed by mechanisms involved in the regulation of food intake and weight gain.
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| 29. |
- Venge, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of numbers of mature and immature neutrophils in blood by a novel, rapid and simple technology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 81:4, s. 307-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Counting numbers of blood neutrophils is one of the most common laboratory tests in modern clinical medicine. In this report, we have tested the idea that immunoassay of major constituents of mature neutrophils might serve as proxy of cell counting and allow the development of rapid and simple point-of-care tests. The procedure may also allow for the estimate of the state of maturity of the circulating blood cells. Immunoassays for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LF) were used to measure the respective protein in whole blood extracts of 275 unselected hospitalized patient and in 51 healthy controls and leukemia patients of which eight were followed before, during and after remission treatment. MPO was correlated to neutrophil counts in the unselected hospitalized population (r = 0.95, p <.0001). Huge variations were seen in whole blood extracts of patients with AML with very high MPO/LF ratios in half of the AML patients and in all three patients with APL. In extracts from patients with ALL no difference was found in the ratio as compared to healthy persons. The monitoring of AML patients during remission treatment showed intriguing patterns one of which suggested the possibility to monitor the myelopoietic activity in the bone marrow during the recovery phase. We show a novel and easy technology to count mature neutrophils in blood and also to monitor myeloid cell maturity in the blood as well as myelopoietic activity in the bone marrow. The technology lends itself to the development of a rapid and simple point-of-care test.
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| 30. |
- von Knorring, Anne-Liis, et al.
(författare)
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Massage decreases aggression in preschool children : a long-term study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:9, s. 1265-1269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the effects of massage in 4- to 5-year-old children with aggression and deviant behaviour at day-care centres. Method: The children received daily massage in preschool at the midday rest (n = 60). The controls were listening to a story (n = 50). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used to rate the children's behaviour by parents and staff before the treatment started, and after 3 and 6 months. A long-term evaluation was also carried out. It included all massaged children still in daycare after 12 months (n = 34). Results: Children with high scores of behaviour problems, receiving massage and/or extra attention showed significant decrease in aggression scores after 3 months, but after 6 months significantly lowered scores were only found in massage-treated deviant children. Parents of the children receiving massage rated a significant decrease of somatic problems of their children. Staff rated that the massaged children's social problems decreased, compared to the control children. Attention problems tended to decrease, especially at home. A continuous decrease in aggressive behaviour and somatic problems over a 12-month period was observed in the children receiving massage. Conclusion: Daily touching by massage lasting for 5-10 min could be an easy and inexpensive way to decrease aggression among preschool children.
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| 31. |
- Waernulf, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' views on care and treatment after phototherapy for psoriasis and atopic eczema including a gender perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of dermatological treatment (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-6634 .- 1471-1753. ; 19:4, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psoriasis and atopic eczema are reportedly as common among women as among men and are not known to differ in severity between sexes. Research has shown that men get more treatment with ultraviolet (UV) light for longer periods than women. This fact, together with ongoing efforts to improve patient satisfaction with care and treatment at our department, prompted us to gather information from our patients.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore patients' views of dermatological care and treatment methods.METHOD: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out, complemented with qualitative interviews.RESULTS: The main findings fall under three areas of clinical relevance: information to patients must be individually designed with a gender perspective; men and women have different attitudes towards greasing which must be kept in mind in clinical practice; and women often appear to be under-prescribed UV treatment.CONCLUSION: The information from our study can form a basis for new therapeutic strategies, taking a gender perspective into account.
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