| 1. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Produce quality and safety
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rooftop urban agriculture. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319577197 ; , s. 195-216
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Berg, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion av värmekameror i undervisningen vid Lillerudsgymnasiet
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har bedrivit en forskningscirkel med syfte att utvärdera värmekameran som visualiseringsteknik i olika ämnen på naturbruksprogrammet genom att planera, genomföra och reflektera kring lektionsupplägg, där elever har fått möjlighet att använda värmekameror med olika grad av styrning. Resultatet visar att värmekameran har många skilda tillämpningsområden inom lantbruk och djurhållning och kan användas i undervisningen som ett verktyg för elevers praktiska undersökningar av t.ex. djurs fysiologi, eller som ett mätinstrument då tillfälle ges, t.ex. för att studera juverbölder hos suggor eller temperaturökning när en skruv tar fel gäng. En utmaning i undervisningen är att finna en balans mellan öppenhet och styrning, där eleverna upplever att de har möjlighet att undersöka fenomen de själva är intresserade av, men utifrån ett etablerat, systematiskt arbetssätt. Sammanfattningsvis har vi upplevt användning av värmekameror som ett effektivt och intresseväckande sätt att konkretisera och individanpassa undervisningen på naturbruksprogrammet, vilket vi kan rekommendera andra lärare att prova.
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| 3. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nulägesanalys trädgård
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten Nulägesanalys - trädgård har genomförts inom ramen för projektgruppen Insatsstyrka trädgård. Syftet med inventeringen har varit att ge svar på vem som jobbar med trädgårdsvetenskap, vilka forskargrupper och med vilka forskningsämnen, samt identifiera framtida arbetsfält inom ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap och därmed ge uppslag för framtida utveckling av forskningsfält, utbildning och samverkan. I detta ingår att kartlägga trädgårdsvetenskaplig forskning, utbildning och samverkan vid SLU. Nulägesanalysen förväntas därmed ge en grund för fortsatt strategiskt arbete med att utveckla ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap (Horticultural Science) utifrån inventerade resurser och förutsättningar.
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| 4. |
- Callesen, Katrine T., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Mast Cells from Healthy and Varicose Human Saphenous Vein
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cells (MCs) are distributed in tissues throughout the body and are highly involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The potential and involvement of different MC phenotypes are still not well understood. MCs are present in blood vessel walls, but their specific phenotypic features are unknown. We aimed at characterizing MCs from human saphenous veins for localization, mediator content, and receptor expression. This was done in MCs from both healthy and varicose human saphenous veins (hSV and vSV, respectively). For both vSV and hSV, we found that vein MCs are mainly present in the tunica adventitia (99% MCs in adventitia) and that the population consists of both MCT and MCTC phenotypes (vSV: 55% MCT, hSV: 64% MCT). The vein MCs contained high levels of histamine (vSV: 27 pg/MC, hSV: 55 pg/MC) and tryptase (vSV: 98 pg/MC, hSV: 111 pg/MC), indicating a strong potential for regulatory effects on blood vessels. The receptor expression of FcɛRI, MRGPRX2, PTAFR, C3aR, and C5aR was found, even though the percentage of positive cells differed between vSV and hSV MCs. We conclude that vein MCs from the blood vessel wall have a high potential to affect the tissue around them.
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| 5. |
- Darlison, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 675, s. 501-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plant microbiome is an important factor for plant health and productivity. While the impact of nitrogen (N) availability for plant growth and development is well established, its influence on the microbial phyllosphere community structure is unknown. We hypothesize that nitrogen impacts the growth and abundance of several microorganisms on the leaf surface. The bacterial and fungal communities of baby leaf spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) were investigated in a field trial for two years in a commercial setting. Nitrogen fertilizer was tested in four doses (basic nitrogen, basic + suboptimal, basic + commercial, basic + excess) with six replicates in each. Culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (viable count and identification of bacterial isolates) community studies were combined with monitoring of plant physiology and site weather conditions. This study found that alpha diversity of bacterial communities decreased in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer dose, whereas viable counts showed no differences. Correspondingly, fungal communities of the spinach phyllosphere showed a decreasing pattern, whereas the decreasing diversity of fungal communities of rocket was not significant. Plant species and effects of annual variations on microbiome structure were observed for bacterial and fungal communities on both spinach and rocket. This study provides novel insights on the impact of nitrogen fertilizer regime on a nutrient scarce habitat, the phyllosphere.
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| 6. |
- Darlison, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Plant species affects establishment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leafy vegetables
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 127, s. 292-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Greenhouse trials were conducted with different cultivars of baby leaf spinach, rocket and Swiss chard and inoculation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp+, to determine whether plant species and cultivar have an impact on the establishment of this strain. Methods and Results Three cultivars each of spinach, rocket and Swiss chard were spray inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ at doses of log 7 CFU per ml. Due to the different lengths of growing period spinach and Swiss chard were spray inoculated three times and rocket five times, with final inoculation performed 3 days prior to harvest. After a growing period of 26-33 days, E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ was recovered from the leaf surface in mean populations between log 1 and 6 CFU per gram. The lowest occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ was found on rocket leaves and the highest on spinach. There was no significant difference in the establishment of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ between cultivars, but there were differences between plant species. Indigenous phyllosphere bacteria were pure cultured and identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Conclusions Despite the same high inoculation dose of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leaves, the establishment rate differed between plant species. However, plant cultivar did not affect establishment. Pantoea agglomerans dominated the identified bacterial isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study As previous studies are inconclusive on choice of model plant species and cultivar, we studied whether plant species or cultivar determines the fate of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leafy vegetables. The findings indicate that plant species is a key determinant in the establishment of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Grudén, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Processing of green leaf produce: microorganisms associated with process water and produce
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1141, s. 373-379
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial colonisation of a green leaf product (rocket) was studied before processing and after packing and raw and process water quality at different stages during processing under commercial conditions was analysed. “Raw water” denotes fresh water of potable water quality used to fill the washing line, whereas “process water” describes water sampled from the prewash and the main wash unit in the washing line. Samples were collected on four events, with three replicates per event. Leaf and water samples were both analysed for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) at 22 °C, slow-growing bacteria (SGB), total coliform bacteria (TC), Escherichia coli (EC), intestinal enterococci (IE), Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. The bacterial load in the process water increased substantially after produce came in contact with raw water. HPC exceeded 300,000 CFU mL-1 and SGB 50,000 CFU mL-1. IE were also very abundant, but not TC and EC. The microbial reduction rate was log 0.5. From these specimens, microorganisms were grown on semi-selective media (0.1x Tryptic Soy Agar, King agar B, Enterococci agar and Violet Red Bile Dextrose Agar) and five randomly selected colonies were identified using Biolog GenIII panels. Various Pseudomonas species and Pantoea agglomerans were frequent in the process water. The phyllosphere microbiota before washing was also dominated by P. agglomerans. After washing, P. agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis and Pseudomonas spp. were abundant. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterobacter cloacae resisted washing procedures in the washing line and under laboratory conditions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hartmann, Rahel, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the source of organic manure on persistence of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ in rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cicla)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 81, s. 200-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of organic nitrogen sources on the establishment of E. coil 0157:H7 and the occurrence of other potentially human pathogenic bacteria on baby leaf salads was evaluated. Greenhouse-grown rocket and Swiss chard were spray-inoculated with gfp-tagged E. coil 0157:H7 twice a week from when their first true leaves reached a length of 2 cm until three days before harvest. Analysis of nitrogen content in leaves revealed differences between treatments. Untreated plants had the lowest values, followed by plants fertilized with pig hair pellets and chicken manure. The same pattern was seen for the growth medium at the day of harvest. The applied strain showed similar establishment (measured using culture-dependent methods) irrespective of treatment, but Swiss chard hosted significantly more E. coli 0157:H7 than rocket. Differences in the risk of infection were found for the crops, with plants fertilized with pig hair pellets showing a slightly higher risk. No relationship was found for total nitrogen content in leaves and colonization with E. coli 0157:H7 gfp+. Isolating dominant Enterobacteriaceae from leaves, some strains showed conformity to bacterial species that have previously been identified to influence the establishment of E. coli 0157:H7 in the phyllosphere. In this study, no inhibitory effects were observed in vitro.Colonies showing matching characteristics for Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were detected up to 5.5 and 5 log CFU g(-1) fresh weight, respectively. However, presumptive Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. could not be confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Hitimana, Regis, et al.
(författare)
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Incremental cost and health gains of the 2016 WHO antenatal care recommendations for Rwanda: results from expert elicitation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-4505. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: High-quality evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is rarely available and relevant for health policy decisions in low-resource settings. In such situations, innovative approaches are needed to generate locally relevant evidence. This study aims to inform decision-making on antenatal care (ANC) recommendations in Rwanda by estimating the incremental cost-effectiveness of the recent (2016) WHO antenatal care recommendations compared to current practice in Rwanda. Methods: Two health outcome scenarios (optimistic, pessimistic) in terms of expected maternal and perinatal mortality reduction were constructed using expert elicitation with gynaecologists/obstetricians currently practicing in Rwanda. Three costing scenarios were constructed from the societal perspective over a 1-year period. The two main inputs to the cost analyses were a Monte Carlo simulation of the distribution of ANC attendance for a hypothetical cohort of 373,679 women and unit cost estimation of the new recommendations using data from a recent primary costing study of current ANC practice in Rwanda. Results were reported in 2015 USD and compared with the 2015 Rwandan per-capita gross domestic product (US$ 697). Results: Incremental health gains were estimated as 162,509 life-years saved (LYS) in the optimistic scenario and 65,366 LYS in the pessimistic scenario. Incremental cost ranged between $5.8 and $11 million (an increase of 42% and 79%, respectively, compared to current practice) across the costing scenarios. In the optimistic outcome scenario, incremental cost per LYS ranged between $36 (for low ANC attendance) and $67 (high ANC attendance), while in the pessimistic outcome scenario, it ranged between $90 (low ANC attendance) and $168 (high ANC attendance) per LYS. Incremental cost effectiveness was below the GDP-based thresholds in all six scenarios. Discussion: Implementing the new WHO ANC recommendations in Rwanda would likely be very cost-effective; however, the additional resource requirements are substantial. This study demonstrates how expert elicitation combined with other data can provide an affordable source of locally relevant evidence for health policy decisions in low-resource settings.
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| 12. |
- Kleman, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Simple quality prediction measurements for stored onions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 183-186
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Onion (Allium cepa) is an important crop that is cultivated and consumed all over the world. It is the second most produced horticultural vegetable crop (after tomato) based on weight. In order to be available year-round in Sweden, onions must be stored for several months during the cold part of the year, when no fresh onions can be harvested. However, dormancy break resulting in early sprouting is a common quality problem during storage. Before visible sprouting, changes in the bulb chemical composition takes place, including relocation of oligosaccharides and breakdown of larger sugar molecules into smaller units that are then used as energy during the sprouting process. In this project we used a hand-held reflectometer to measure levels of mono- and disaccharides and calcium in onion bulbs that had been stored for different time periods in order to evaluate the usefulness of the method for quality control. Measured contents of glucose and calcium changed significantly during storage while sucrose content remained relatively unchanged.
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| 13. |
- Lindblom, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput method for detection and quantification of lesions on leaf scale based on trypan blue staining and digital image analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plant Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-4811. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Field-grown leafy vegetables can be damaged by biotic and abiotic factors, or mechanically damaged by farming practices. Available methods to evaluate leaf tissue damage mainly rely on colour differentiation between healthy and damaged tissues. Alternatively, sophisticated equipment such as microscopy and hyperspectral cameras can be employed. Depending on the causal factor, colour change in the wounded area is not always induced and, by the time symptoms become visible, a plant can already be severely affected. To accurately detect and quantify damage on leaf scale, including microlesions, reliable differentiation between healthy and damaged tissue is essential. We stained whole leaves with trypan blue dye, which traverses compromised cell membranes but is not absorbed in viable cells, followed by automated quantification of damage on leaf scale.Results: We present a robust, fast and sensitive method for leaf-scale visualisation, accurate automated extraction and measurement of damaged area on leaves of leafy vegetables. The image analysis pipeline we developed automatically identifies leaf area and individual stained (lesion) areas down to cell level. As proof of principle, we tested the methodology for damage detection and quantification on two field-grown leafy vegetable species, spinach and Swiss chard.Conclusions: Our novel lesion quantification method can be used for detection of large (macro) or single-cell (micro) lesions on leaf scale, enabling quantification of lesions at any stage and without requiring symptoms to be in the visible spectrum. Quantifying the wounded area on leaf scale is necessary for generating prediction models for economic losses and produce shelf-life. In addition, risk assessments are based on accurate prediction of the relationship between leaf damage and infection rates by opportunistic pathogens and our method helps determine the severity of leaf damage at fine resolution.
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| 14. |
- Lindblom, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Processing of leafy vegetables matters: Damage and microbial community structure from field to bag
- 2021
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leafy vegetables undergo abiotic and biotic stresses, and a series of processing steps that cause mechanical injury. Breaching the epidermis alters phyllosphere structural and nutrient conditions, resulting in successional shifts in leaf microbiota and entry of human pathogens. This study examined damage during processing of baby leaves (Swiss chard, spinach) and concomitant microbial successional events. Machine-harvesting, washing, and packaging caused major phyllosphere perturbations, with increasing levels of leaf damage. Older leaves showed most damage, but plant species was influential. Diversity estimates of bacterial and fungal communities revealed shifts in microbiota post-harvest, particularly after the washing step. Relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae increased from field to bag. Bacterial species specific to different harvesting and processing steps replaced core microbiota species. While processing is unavoidable, procedures that mitigate leaf damage can enhance shelf-life and food safety.
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| 15. |
- Mogren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and ambivalence in midwives' views towards women developing pelvic pain during pregnancy: a qualitative study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The Swedish midwife plays a significant role in the antenatal care (ANC) system, and a majority of pregnant women are satisfied with their ANC. Pelvic pain during pregnancy (PP) is prevalent. The study investigated the views, perceptions and attitudes of midwives currently working in ANC regarding PP during pregnancy. METHODS: The informants were ten midwives between the ages of 35 to 64 years, with a combined experience of 250 years of midwifery. In-depth interviews (n = 4) and one focus group discussion (n = 6) were conducted. The data were interpreted using a qualitative content analysis design. RESULTS: PP was considered a common, clinical problem that had most likely increased in prevalence in recent decades and could feature prominently in a woman's experience of pregnancy. The informants had developed a strategy for supporting pregnant women affected by PP. The pregnant woman's fear of not being believed concerning her symptoms and the risk of being regarded as a malingerer were acknowledged. Mistrust between a midwife and a woman might occur when the patient's symptoms were vague and ill defined. PP was not considered as something that complicated delivery, and women experiencing it were advised to await 'the natural course of the pregnancy'. CONCLUSIONS: PP was considered a common, clinical problem and the informants had developed a strategy for supporting pregnant women affected by PP. However, the woman's fear of not being believed concerning her symptoms of PP was acknowledged and mistrust might occur between a midwife and a woman if vague symptoms were reported.
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| 16. |
- Mogren, Lars
(författare)
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Assessment of the vitamin C content in selected baby leafy species over the season
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1209, s. 27-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Baby leaf vegetables have naturally high levels of vitamin C, of which the major part is found as ascorbic acid (AsA). A higher level of AsA at harvest may prolong the shelf life of this perishable vegetable commodity. Temperature has been shown to be one of the factors that affect AsA synthesis in plants, as well as light and day length, and all these factors vary over the season. This study compared different baby leaf species, different baby leaf spinach cultivars and variation in vitamin C content in commercially grown baby leaf spinach over the season. AsA levels as well as dehydro ascorbic acid (DHA) levels on both fresh and dry weight basis were analyzed. These preliminary results indicate that vitamin C content varies greatly between baby leaf species and that exactly the same type of bag of baby leaf spinach from the same super market can contain leaves with a vitamin C content varying between 50-350 mg kg(-1) fw over the season.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens utmaningar för svenska lökproducenter
- 2015
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förstudiens huvudsakliga slutsats är att de svenska lökodlarna efterlyser mer erfarenhetsutbyte och bättre samordning mellan universitet, rådgivare, myndigheter och odlare. För framtiden är det extra viktigt att säkerställa en god lönsamhet för svensk lökodling så den unga generationen vågar satsa. Det finns inte någon stor efterfrågan bland svenska lökproducenter att det ska utvecklas ytterligare dokumentationsverktyg och manualer för kvalitetsutvärdering.
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| 19. |
- Mogren, Lars
(författare)
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Hot water treatment after harvest preserves nutritional quality of spinach during storage
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1209, s. 123-127
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentration of antioxidants in fresh produce is important in terms of human nutrition. The main antioxidants, found in relatively high concentrations in leafy vegetables, are ascorbic acid (AsA), carotenoids and flavonoids. There is an increasing interest in finding ways to improve the nutritional quality of vegetables by increasing or maintaining antioxidant content during storage. This study has investigated the effect of postharvest high temperature treatments on nutritional quality changes in spinach during subsequent storage. Ascorbic acid was determined by HPLC during storage. The hot water (40 degrees C) pre-treatment reduced AsA loss during storage of spinach. However, the treatment was only effective in the case of spinach leaves subsequently stored at 0 degrees C, while in spinach leaves stored at 6 degrees C this effect was lost. In conclusion, hot water (40 degrees C) treatment can potentially be used for nutritional quality preservation in spinach leaves. Physiological processes induced by hot water treatment require further investigation.
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| 20. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Håll bevattningsrören rena
- 2017
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad. - Alnarp : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 21. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer Strategy (Method and Level) for Field Grown Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 852, s. 305-310
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents three preliminary trials of a study with the aim to find a way to reduce total amounts of nitrogen applied in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production without reducing the yield and quality by the use of a starter fertilizer strategy. The trials consisted of a fertilizer experiment, a demonstration plot and a trial in climate chamber conditions. Levels, total amounts and methods of nitrogen fertilizer application were compared. Low to medium levels of nitrogen added as placed starter fertilizer resulted in equal yield and lettuce quality compared to high levels and broadcast application. This means that the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer can probably be lowered and thereby the risk of nitrogen leaching from the field. No statistically significant reduction in yield or quality between broadcast and placed fertilizer treatments were found, so the placed starter fertilizer method seems promising, but need to be further tuned for Swedish climate conditions
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| 22. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Placed Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer Strategy for Field Grown Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 936, s. 299-304
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) has been shown to be a potential source of nitrogen (N) leaching to ground water. Growers are concerned that reduced levels of N will lead to reduced yield and lowered quality. Experiments with a wide range of N levels the previous season showed that placed N fertilizer at planting had potential to reduce total N levels needed. This project was designed to verify these findings with use of commercially used, and lower, levels on N. The N content in the lettuce dry material at harvest and the N content in the soil profile (N-min) at several stages during the season were studied. By using placed starter N fertilizer, the total amount of N applied could be reduced by more than 25% without loss in yield or lowered quality. By using this strategy the risk of N leaching from the field could be significantly reduced at planting, during growth and after harvest.
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| 23. |
- Mogren, Lars
(författare)
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Potential for Controlled Abiotic Stress as a Quality Enhancer of Baby Leaf Spinach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1099, s. 407-412
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applying abiotic stress in a controlled fashion during growth, preharvest, to leafy vegetables has been suggested as a strategy that may increase levels of bioactive compounds, and in some cases, increase shelf life potential. In a two-year project, change in ascorbic acid (AA) content in baby leaf spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was studied in response to a wide range of preharvest abiotic stress factors. AA is one of the main antioxidants found in leafy vegetables and the total amount and proportion of the oxidised form dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), could potentially be a parameter giving an indication of the stress level of the leaves. The assumption is that the higher the content of AA and the lower the proportion of DHA, the better the shelf life potential. AA and DHA concentrations were determined by HPLC. The analyzed leaves were grown under green house conditions. Foliar application of water solutions of common salts resulted in higher AA levels, but the leaves were damaged with necrotic spots and brown edges. Both cold treatment (10°C day/5°C night) of whole plants a few days prior to harvest as well as heat treatment (40°C) a few hours prior to harvest increased the AA levels. This approach needs further technical development to be commercially applicable. Restricted water supply leading to mild drought stress, a few days prior to harvest turned out to be the most promising preharvest treatment leading to increased AA content without any visual quality differences compared to full watered treatments. The extent of drought stress as well as timing of the treatment in the growth cycle needs further investigation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Taste of Swedish vegetables - searching for a sensory vocabulary
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1353, s. 97-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taste has been a low prioritized quality aspect of vegetables for a long time. Primary emphasis has been on visual properties and storage potential. Despite its importance to consumers, the flavour aspect of quality is commonly overlooked. There is a lack of consensus vocabulary to communicate flavour quality within the supply chain as well as to consumers. A sensory language for fruits and vegetables could be a helpful tool to describe flavour variations. By identifying variations in flavour, the chance to attain customer satisfaction as well as contribute to a consensus within the supply chain may be increased. The main objectives of this pilot project was to examine the flavour and aroma characteristics of cultivars of carrot, cabbage and onion. Secondly, we have investigated whether consensus can be obtained by a sensory panel with limited training, on the characteristics of the chosen vegetables. Achieving consensus indicates that the perceptions by the panel could act as a guidance of the sensory descriptions. The samples were cooked using sous vide technique, which is commonly used in restaurant kitchens. The results show significant variations in characteristics such as sweetness, nuttiness, perfuminess and fruitiness in cultivars of carrot and within bitterness, freshness, fruitiness in the cultivars of cabbage. Between onion cultivars prominent variations appeared within the characteristics of sweetness, bitterness, freshness, pungency, sulfurous flavour and aftertaste. The common perceptions by the panel on the sensory attributes implies that there is a potential for developing a sensory vocabulary for these vegetables.
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| 27. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The hurdle approach-A holistic concept for controlling food safety risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination of leafy green vegetables. A review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 9:AUG
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumers appreciate leafy green vegetables such as baby leaves for their convenience and wholesomeness and for adding a variety of tastes and colors to their plate. In Western cuisine, leafy green vegetables are usually eaten fresh and raw, with no step in the long chain from seed to consumption where potentially harmful microorganisms could be completely eliminated, e.g., through heating. A concerning trend in recent years is disease outbreaks caused by various leafy vegetable crops and one of the most important foodborne pathogens in this context is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Other pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes should also be considered in disease risk analysis, as they have been implicated in outbreaks associated with leafy greens. These pathogens may enter the horticultural value network during primary production in field or greenhouse via irrigation, at harvest, during processing and distribution or in the home kitchen/restaurant. The hurdle approach involves combining several mitigating approaches, each of which is insufficient on its own, to control or even eliminate pathogens in food products. Since the food chain system for leafy green vegetables contains no absolute kill step for pathogens, use of hurdles at critical points could enable control of pathogens that pose a human health risk. Hurdles should be combined so as to decrease the risk due to pathogenic microbes and also to improve microbial stability, shelf-life, nutritional properties and sensory quality of leafy vegetables. The hurdle toolbox includes different options, such as physical, physiochemical and microbial hurdles. The goal for leafy green vegetables is multi-target preservation through intelligently applied hurdles. This review describes hurdles that could be used for leafy green vegetables and their biological basis, and identifies prospective hurdles that need attention in future research.
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| 28. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors on the Content of the Flavonoid Quercetin in Yellow Onion (Allium cepa)
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 841, s. 335-337
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three commonly-grown commercial onion (Allium cepa) cultivars in Sweden were studied in field trials performed in year 2002-2005. The role of nitrogen fertilizer source, level, lifting time, field curing, and storage on quercetin content in the onions were studied. Yearly variation in onion flavonoid content was considerable and was probably due to variations in global radiation at the end of the growing period each year.
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| 29. |
- Naznin, Most Tahera, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging technique failure through low-tech improvisation: A case study of food microbiology
- 2020
-
Ingår i: African Journal of Microbiology Research. - 1996-0808. ; 14:7, s. 361-365
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern technology for food safety studies includes standardized protocols and equipment. However, appropriate technology needs to step in to bridge technology dys- or malfunctioning. We examined different low-tech methods for extraction of bacteria from fresh vegetables. Standard equipment including stomacher and filter bags were compared to extraction using bread stick and alternative filter material (nylon stocking, mosquito net). Comparison of microspheres’ (ø: 53-63 µm; ø: 63-75 µm) passage through filter bags, nylon stockings with different densities (15 DEN, 20 DEN, 25 DEN, 40 DEN) and mosquito net showed no significant difference between filter bag and nylon stocking. A significantly higher number of both size microspheres (ø: 53-63 and ø: 63-75 µm) passed through the mosquito net than filter bag and nylon stocking. Manual extraction of romaine lettuce leaf was performed by three technicians. Viable counts of leaf associated bacteria were influenced by the technician and choice of filter material. Viable bacterial counts obtained from breadstick with filter bag manual extraction did not show any significant difference from standard method. We conclude that standard procedures can be replaced by low-tech approaches in the event of malfunctioning equipment. However, method validation is imperative.
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Salladslök – ny lök med mervärde
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De senaste åren har färdigförpackade asiatiska bladgrönsaker introducerats på den svenska marknaden med stor försäljningsframgång. Konsumenter efterfrågar nya produkter som är fräscha, har ett attraktivt utseende samt kräver lite tillagningstid. På den svenska marknaden finns idag endast ett begränsat utbud av löksorter, även om sortimentet har ökat under senare år. Med det ökande intresset för andra länders matkulturer finns det potential för ett ökat användande av salladslök även i Sverige. Detta projekt har haft som målsättning att utveckla nya lökprodukter för svensk produktion med god kvalitet. Nya sorters lök av salladslök har provodlas under olika tider på säsongen, och kvalitet och hållbarhet har därefter testas, liksom olika typer av förpackningar. Vidare var även målsättningen att undersöka resultat på ogräsförekomst samt avkastning och kvalitet av olika sorters salladslök vid sådd i en kommersiell odling med de odlingsmetoder som praktiseras. Olika sorters salladslök (Allium fistulosum) odlades i ett fältförsök på Torslunda försöksstation (SLU), öland. år 2008 odlades sorterna ’Ishikura improved’, ’Summer’, ’Kujo’, ’Red Beard’ och ’White Ishikura’ med sådd i högsommaren och skörd på hösten. år 2009 odlades sorterna ’Ishikura improved’, ’Summer’, ’Kujo’, ’Red Beard’, ’Evergreen’, ’Fuyuyo’, ’Shandong’, ’Parade’, ’Performer’ samt ’Tycoon’ F1 med sådd på våren och skörd på sommaren. Salladslök direktsåddes i maj 2010 i en kommersiell odling. I försöket såddes sorterna ’Parade’, ’Totem’, ’Kaigaro’, ’Tycoon’, ’Apache’ samt ’Ishikura White’ samtidigt för att bedöma sortskillnader med avseende på uppkomst och ogräskonkurrens. Försöket var både 2008 och 2009 indelat i tre block, och med slumpvis fördelning av parcellerna i blocken. Sådd skedde med såmaskin, med enradigt såband, vilket satte begränsningar för planttätheten 2008, och med treradigt såband 2009. Radavståndet var 50 cm. 2010 var utsädesmängden kalibrerad till 100-120 frön per löpmeter. Försöken gödslades efter jordanalys med mängd efter behov. Försöket skördades 2008 den 8:e oktober och 2009 7:e juli för hand, och avkastning per löpmeter registrerades. Utvalda sorter paketerades och hållbarheten vid lagring i kylrum följdes. 2010 skördades försöket efter 13 veckors kulturtid. De olika undersökta sorterna av salladslök gav olika resultat i uppkomst, tillväxt och skörd. 2008 gav ’Kujo’, följt av ’White Ishikura’ störst skördad totalvikt, men skillnaden mellan sorterna var mindre för den rensade skörden. Andel rensad skörd av totalvikt var 52,8 % för ’White Ishikura’, 53,1 % för ’Ishikura improved’, 51,3 % för ’Summer’, 48,0 % för ’Kujo’ och 58,8 % för ’Red Beard’. Vid skörden 2009 var totalvikten mellan 0,10 och 0,57 kg per löpmeter. ’Ishikura improved’ hade störst rensad skörd med 0,42 kg/löpmeter, vilket motsvarar 74,7 % av den totala vikten. Den rensade vikten av ’Kujo’ var 0,31 kg/löpmeter och av ’Performer’ 0,35 kg/löpmeter, vilket motsvarar 71,5 % respektive 74,7 % av den totala vikten. Härdighet och lagringsegenskaper var goda, med minst en veckas hållbarhet. På fält med god bördighet och inte alltför stort ogrästryck, går det att producera salladslök med direktsådd.
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| 31. |
- Ottosson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Bevattningsvatten : kunskapsunderlag
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Livsmedel från växtriket kan i vissa fall sprida mikrobiologisk smitta. Bär, bladgrönt och groddarmedför en särskild risk. Det beror på att de ofta äts råa eller efter minimal tillredning. Vi värmer deminte innan vi äter dem.Om livsmedlen är kontaminerade är det med stor sannolikhet orsakat av bevattningen. Vattnet kan havarit påverkat av avföring. Det kan också bero på spillning från vilda djur. Även naturgödsel kanförorena produkterna vid stänk från jord.Syftet med detta projekt var att se över kvaliteten på vatten för bevattning i Sverige. Vi ville koppladet till mikrobiologiska risker och utifrån det ta fram underlag till nationella råd och riktlinjer. Måletär ”en säkrare produktion av ätfärdiga bär och grönsaker som bättre förebygger sjukdomsutbrott”.Det visade sig att kvaliteten på vattnet generellt sett var god hos odlarna i projektet. Det samma gällergrödor. I vatten hittade vi enstaka sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer och ESBL-bildande E. coli.Dessa hittade vi dock endast i ytvatten som var mer förorenade av avföring och spillning. Men endastett fåtal prov på gröda visade på högre fekal förorening. Majoriteten av dessa kom från en och sammaodlare, som bevattnade med vatten från en damm. Vi hittade inga patogener på grödor. Däremot var ettprov på vitkål positivt för ESBL-bildande E. coli.Vi gjorde en kvantitativ riskvärdering av Shigatoxinproducerande E. coli (STEC) från isbergssallat.Den visade att även en liten förorening orsakad av avföring och utan påvisade STEC-bakterier ibevattningsvattnet kan utgöra en risk för mag-och tarminfektion. Riskvärderingen kan användas somunderlag för att föreslå mikrobiologiska kriterier, till exempel på vattenkvalitet. Vi behöver dockbeakta osäkerheterna med värderingen. De viktigaste osäkerheterna var utsöndringen av ochpatogeniciteten hos STEC från infekterade nötkreatur. Hur mycket av dessa fastnar på den bevattnadegrödan? Hur stor är sannolikheten att infekteras vid låga doser (enstaka STEC-bakterier)? Och hur storär risken av stänk från jord?Det finns olika åtgärder att ta till för att minska sannolikheten för utbrott och sjukdomsfall. Dessa är 1.Kriterier för vattenkvalitet. 2: Rening av vatten som inte uppnår dessa kriterier. 3. Införa enuppehållstid mellan sista bevattning och skörd. 4. Dessutom kan konsumenterna skölja produkternainnan de konsumerar dem. Det är också viktigt att se till att hålla utrustningen ren, exempelvis rör ochmunstycken. På så vis undviks föroreningar och tillväxt av bakterier.Om ytvatten måste användas för bevattning under de sista två veckorna innan skörd bör ettprovtagningsprogram utformas. Proven bör då visa på låg fekal förorening samt avsaknad avSalmonella. I bästa fall bör ytvatten renas före bevattning. Detta kan göras till exempel med hjälp avfotokatalys, UV-ljus eller filtrering. De sista två dagarna före skörd bör dock endast vatten avdricksvattenkvalitet användas.I en framtid med sjunkande grundvattennivåer, torrare somrar och blötare vintrar finns ett behov av attsamla in vatten för bevattning. Det bör göras under höstregn och vårfloder, samt vintertid. Vattnet fårsedan lagras i magasin. Vatten från bevattningsmagasin kan behöva renas innan det används förbevattning beroende på hur skyddat magasinet är från föroreningar.
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| 32. |
- Persson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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"Struggling with daily life and enduring pain" : a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant women living with pelvic girdle pain
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 13, s. 111-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have investigated the experiences of living with pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and its impact on pregnant women's lives. To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigates the experiences of women living with PGP during pregnancy. Methods: A purposive sample, of nine pregnant women with diagnosed PGP, were interviewed about their experiences. Interviews were recorded, transcribed to text and analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. Results: The core category that evolved from the analysis of experiences of living with PGP in pregnancy was "struggling with daily life and enduring pain". Three properties addressing the actions caused by PGP were identified: i) grasping the incomprehensible; ii) balancing support and dependence and iii) managing the losses. These experiences expressed by the informants constitute a basis for the consequences of PGP: iv) enduring pain; v) being a burden; vi) calculating the risks and the experiences of the informants as vii) abdicating as a mother. Finally, the informants' experiences of the consequences regarding the current pregnancy and any potential future pregnancies is presented in viii) paying the price and reconsidering the future. A conceptual model of the actions and consequences experienced by the pregnant informants living with PGP is presented. Conclusions: PGP during pregnancy greatly affects the informant's experiences of her pregnancy, her roles in relationships, and her social context. For informants with young children, PGP negatively affects the role of being a mother, a situation that further strains the experience. As the constant pain disturbs most aspects of the lives of the informants, improvements in the treatment of PGP is of importance as to increase the quality of life. This pregnancy-related condition is prevalent and must be considered a major public health concern during pregnancy.
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| 33. |
- Ramos-Ramirez, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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House Dust Mite and Cat Dander Extract Induce Asthma-Like Histopathology with an Increase of Mucosal Mast Cells in a Guinea Pig Model
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology Research. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-8861 .- 2314-7156. ; 2023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with structural changes in the lungs defined as airway remodelling. Mast cell responses are important in asthma as they, upon activation, release mediators inducing bronchoconstriction, inflammatory cell recruitment, and often remodelling of the airways. As guinea pigs exhibit anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological features resembling human airways, including mast cell distribution and mediator release, we evaluated the effect of extracts from two common allergens, house dust mite (HDM) and cat dander (CDE), on histopathological changes and the composition of tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells in the guinea pig lungs. Methods. Guinea pigs were exposed intranasally to HDM or CDE for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and airway histology was examined at each time point. Hematoxylin and eosin, Picro-Sirius Red, and Periodic Acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate airway inflammation, collagen deposition, and mucus-producing cells. In addition, Astra blue and immunostaining against tryptase and chymase were used to visualize mast cells. Results. Repetitive administration of HDM or CDE led to the accumulation of inflammatory cells into the proximal and distal airways as well as increased airway smooth muscle mass. HDM exposure caused subepithelial collagen deposition and mucus cell hyperplasia at all three time points, whereas CDE exposure only caused these effects at 8 and 12 weeks. Both HDM and CDE induced a substantial increase in mast cells after 8 and 12 weeks of challenges. This increase was primarily due to mast cells expressing tryptase, but not chymase, thus indicating mucosal mast cells. Conclusions. We here show that exposure to HDM and CDE elicits asthma-like histopathology in guinea pigs with infiltration of inflammatory cells, airway remodelling, and accumulation of primarily mucosal mast cells. The results together encourage the use of HDM and CDE allergens for the stimulation of a clinically relevant asthma model in guinea pigs.
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| 34. |
- Rosberg, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Commercial wash of leafy vegetables do not significantly decrease bacterial load but leads to shifts in bacterial species composition
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of leafy vegetables for the "Ready-to-eat"-market has vastly increased the last 20 years, and consumption of these minimally processed vegetables has led to outbreaks of food-borne diseases. Contamination of leafy vegetables can occur throughout the production chain, and therefore washing of the produce has become a standard in commercial processing. This study explores the bacterial communities of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) in a commercial setting in order to identify potential contamination events, and to investigate effects on bacterial load by commercial processing. Samples were taken in field, after washing of the produce and at the end of shelf-life. This study found that the bacterial community composition and diversity changed significantly from the first harvest to the end of shelf-life, where the core microbiome from the first to the last sampling constituted <2% of all OTUs. While washing of the produce had no reducing effect on bacterial load compared to unwashed, washing led to a change in species composition. As the leaves entered the cold chain after harvest, a rise was seen in the relative abundance of spoilage bacteria. E. coli was detected after the washing indicating issues of cross-contamination in the wash water.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Söderqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes, Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfpþ in Ready-to-Eat Salad during Cold Storage: What Is the Risk to Consumers?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Food Protection. - 0362-028X. ; 80, s. 204-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigated the fate of Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp(+) inoculated in low numbers into ready-to-eat baby spinach and mixed-ingredient salad (baby spinach with chicken meat). Samples were stored at recommended maximum refrigerator temperature (8 degrees C in Sweden) or at an abuse temperature (15 degrees C) for up to 7 days. Mixed-ingredient salad supported considerable growth when stored at 15 degrees C during shelf life (3 days), with populations of L. monocytogenes, pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, and E. coli O157:H7 gfp(+) increasing from less than 2.0 log CFU/g on day 0 to 7.0, 4.0, and 5.6 log CFU/g, respectively. However, when mixed-ingredient salad was stored at 8 degrees C during shelf life, only L. monocytogenes increased significantly, reaching 3.0 log CFU/g within 3 days. In plain baby spinach, only pathogenic Y. enterocolitica populations increased significantly during storage for 7 days, and this was exclusively at an abuse temperature (15 degrees C). Thus, mixing ready-to-eat leafy vegetables with chicken meat strongly influenced levels of inoculated strains during storage. To explore the food safety implications of these findings, bacterial numbers were translated into risks of infection by modeling. The risk of listeriosis (measured as probability of infection) was 16 times higher when consuming a mixed ingredient salad stored at 8 degrees C at the end of shelf life, or 200,000 times higher when stored at 15 degrees C, compared with when consuming it on the day of inoculation. This indicates that efforts should focus on preventing temperature abuse during storage to mitigate the risk of listeriosis. The storage conditions recommended for mixed-ingredient salads in Sweden (maximum 8 degrees C for 3 days) did not prevent growth of L. monocytogenes in baby spinach mixed with chicken meat. Manufacturers preparing these salads should be aware of this, and recommended storage temperature should be revised downwards to reduce the risk of foodborne disease.
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| 37. |
- Söderqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Season and Species: Two Possible Hurdles for Reducing the Food Safety Risk of Escherichia coli O157 Contamination of Leafy Vegetables
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Food Protection. - 0362-028X. ; 82, s. 247-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food safety risk of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection per serving of leafy vegetables was investigated using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. The estimated level of E. coli O157 contamination was based on observed numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli on leafy vegetables grown and processed in southern Sweden from 2014 to 2016. Samples were collected before harvest, after washing, and at the end of shelf life. The observed counts were combined with data on the ratio of E. coli to E. coli O157 taken from earlier studies to estimate the probability of illness. The risks of STEC infection associated with species, either spinach (Spinacia oleracea) or rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia), growing season (spring or autumn), and washing (washed or not washed) were then evaluated. The results indicated that leafy vegetable species and growing season could be possible hurdles for reducing the food safety risk of STEC infection. At harvest, the probability of infection was 87% lower when consuming rocket compared with spinach and 90% lower when consuming leafy vegetables grown in spring compared with autumn. These relative risk reductions remained consistent even with other serving sizes and dose-response models. The lowest risk of STEC infection was associated with leafy vegetables early in the production chain, i.e., before harvest, while the risk increased during storage and processing. Consequently, the highest risk was observed when leafy vegetables were consumed at the end of shelf life. Washing had no effect on the food safety risk of STEC infection in this study. To improve the quality of QMRA, there is a need for additional data on the relationship between indicator organisms that can be easily enumerated (e.g., E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae) and E. coli strains that can cause STEC infection (e.g., E. coli O157) but are difficult to identify in food samples such as leafy vegetables.
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| 38. |
- Tahmasebi, Nina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Visions and open challenges for a knowledge-based culturomics
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal on Digital Libraries. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5012 .- 1432-1300. ; 15:2-4, s. 169-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of culturomics was born out of the availability of massive amounts of textual data and the interest to make sense of cultural and language phenomena over time. Thus far however, culturomics has only made use of, and shown the great potential of, statistical methods. In this paper, we present a vision for a knowledge-based culturomics that complements traditional culturomics. We discuss the possibilities and challenges of combining knowledge-based methods with statistical methods and address major challenges that arise due to the nature of the data; diversity of sources, changes in language over time as well as temporal dynamics of information in general. We address all layers needed for knowledge-based culturomics, from natural language processing and relations to summaries and opinions.
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| 39. |
- Uhlig, E., et al.
(författare)
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Use of bacterial strains antagonistic to Escherichia coli for biocontrol of spinach : A field trial
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 1466-8564. ; 74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To counteract global food safety hazards related to raw consumption of ready-to-eat leafy vegetables, a method to improve bacterial status using antagonistic bacteria was studied under field conditions. This is the first study to identify potential Escherichia coli antagonists from the native microbiota on leafy green vegetables and evaluate their effect in an industrial field production setting. Bacterial strains were isolated from different types of leafy green vegetables and selected upon their effect against E. coli in vitro, and out of 295 tested bacterial strains, 37 showed an antagonistic effect. Four of those antagonistic strains were coated in separate treatments onto spinach seeds and planted in the field. Both seeds and plants were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq next generation sequencing (NGS), and it was seen that the microbiota of the plants contained lower relative abundance of plant and human pathogenic genera. Higher β-diversity was observed for the samples treated with Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32205 and B. coagulans LMG P-32206 compared to control, indicating that those strains have induced substantial changes in the native microbiota of the leaves. A reduction of Escherichia-Shigella was seen for two of the isolates (Pseudomonas cedrina LMG P-32207 and Pseudomonas punonenis LMG P-32204) as the seeds developed into plants. Seeds inoculated with two of the strains (B. coagulans LMG P-32205 and B. coagulans LMG P-32206) had increased levels of Lactobacillaceae, and treatment with B. coagulans LMG P-32206 resulted in lower levels of Pantoea (from 31.4 to 12.2%). These results encourage the usage of bacterial antagonists as part of a global solution to reduce the risk of human pathogens on leafy green vegetables.
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| 40. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar, et al.
(författare)
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Safety risks associated with dispersal of E. coli O157:H7 in home sprouting modules
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 101, s. 783-788
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite numerous outbreaks of foodborne illnesses associated with sprouts, consumption of raw sprouted seeds is still linked with a healthy lifestyle in Scandinavia. Different types of sprouting modules for home sprout production are available on the market, and sold without information about risks associated with sprouting. During sprouting, conditions are ideal for seed emergence, but also for bacterial proliferation. Moreover, since seeds used for sprouting are non-sterile, human pathogens may propagate within sprouting modules. This study assessed vertical dispersal of Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 in two types of three-layered sprouting modules intended for home sprouting. Organic fenugreek seeds were artificially inoculated and transferred to either the top or bottom layer of sprouting modules. As commensal bacterial biota can affect survival of an artificially introduced strain, but can also contain pathogens, culturable bacterial species on fenugreek seeds were evaluated. A Beta-Poisson model was used to assess the risk of consumer exposure to the artificially introduced strain when added to seeds in the top or bottom layer. We found that the inoculated strain dispersed vertically up and down between the layers and that the risk of bacterial dispersal was high in either direction, posing a high risk of consumer exposure.
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