| 1. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 2. |
- Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave radiation associated with stepped leaders of negative cloud-to-ground flashes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, Very-High Frequency (VHF) and microwave radiation pulses associated with stepped leader pulses (conventional breakdown) are examined. A total of 100 stepped leader pulses (SLPs) with the associated 100 quiet periods (QPs) from ten negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes within the reversal distance (<8 km) have been analyzed. The QP is defined as the period between two SLPs when no electrical activity within the fast antenna sensor bandwidth was detected. The measurement system is made up of fast antenna (FA) and slow antenna (SA) sensors, a VHF sensor (60 MHz center frequency with 40 MHz bandwidth), and a microwave sensor (0.97 GHz center frequency with 20 MHz bandwidth). The waveforms were sampled at 2.5 GHz (400 ps). The total durations of the SLPs and QPs were 2.648 +/- 1.152 mu s and 2.708 +/- 1.670 mu s, respectively. All microwave and VHF radiation waveforms have been detected as clear individual oscillating pulses. The key finding is that the microwave radiation can be classified into three categories based on the total number of detected individual oscillating pulses during the QP. Two microwave pulses detected during the QP (Category 1) are suggested to be associated with the electron avalanche/corona process at the tip of an existing negative leader and a space stem. The VHF pulses associated with the microwave pulses are suggested to be emitted by propagating streamers. On the other hand, a single microwave pulse detected during the QP (Category 2) is suggested to be emitted by the electron avalanche/corona process of a space stem. The VHF pulses associated with the microwave pulse are suggested to be emitted by propagating streamers. In both categories, 70% of the microwave radiation pulses have been observed to precede VHF radiation pulses with an average lead time of 0.848 +/- 1.336 mu s. The head-on collision of a downward propagating negative streamer and an upward propagating positive streamer (from space stem) emitted significant microwave radiation. A new negative leader was formed when the head-on collision took place. The microwave radiation pulses emitted by the head-on collision process were observed to precede SLPs with an average lead time of 0.423 +/- 0.378 mu s. Around 80% of the microwave radiation pulses preceded VHF radiation pulses with average lead time of 0.540 +/- 0.596 mu s. Therefore, microwave and VHF radiation pulses are suggested to be emitted by different processes of the electrical breakdown mechanism. The microwave radiation is emitted by electron avalanche/corona/head-on collision while the VHF radiation is emitted by propagating streamers.
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| 3. |
- Al Omari, Omar, et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia thresholds and associated factors among Omani university students
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 2214-1391. ; 17, s. 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Insomnia is the most predominant sleep disorder affecting the general population and is a significant health concern. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and predictors of insomnia among Omani university students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Six hundred and thirty-two university students were recruited through convenience sampling and completed four self-reported surveys: (1) Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale; (2) Smartphone Addiction scale; (3) Insomnia Severity Index, and (4) demographics sheets, accessed through the Google Forms link posted on Twitter. Results: Almost two thirds of the participants suffered from insomnia, of whom a third part suffered from sub-threshold insomnia, another third had moderate insomnia, and a tenth part suffered from severe insomnia. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, preparing for exams, smartphone addiction, and stress were significant associated factors of insomnia. Conclusion: Althoughthe study identified high level of insomnia and significant associations between insomnia and exam preparation, smartphone addiction, and stress; insomnia is a far more complex phenomenon. We therefore recommend further studies to follow up the development of this population and to identify actions to combat this high level of insomnia. Nurses, public health workers, health coaches, and other clinically active professionals could collaborate to build programs to promote healthy use of smartphones in young individuals in order to combat insomnia.
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| 4. |
- Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave and Very High Frequency Radiations of The First Narrow Initial Breakdown
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP) AND XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (SIPDA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665423465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the observation of microwave and very high frequency (VHF) radiation pulses associated with the first narrow (<10us) initial breakdown (IB) pulses of ten negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) flashes. The centre frequency of microwave and VHF sensors was 0.97 GHz and 60 MHz, respectively. We found that all microwave pulses were the initiation event led the first VHF pulses ranging between 0.03187 and 2.57968 mu s and led the first narrow IB pulses ranging between 0.02382 and 2.70202 mu s. Half of the VHF pulses were observed to lead the first narrow IB pulses ranging between 0.03453 and 0.128 mu s. Moreover, polarity of microwave radiation pulses was always positive while the polarity of the first narrow IB pulses always negative. On the other hand, half of VHF radiation pulses had the same polarity as microwave radiation pulses.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mohammad, Sulaiman Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Antarctica Storms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the temporal characteristics of electromagnetic fields produced by cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes associated with Antarctica storms. A total of 51 positive CG (+CG) and 103 negative CG (-CG) flashes have been recorded by a magnetic direction finder (MDF) sensor in King Sejong Station, King George Island. In total, 47 positive and 107 negative return strokes were located, ranges from 32 to 569 km. All CG flashes were detected to occur over the ocean. The return strokes characteristics include the observations of slow front, fast rising, rise time, and pulse duration with geometric mean values of 3.2, 0.53, 3.21, 13.12, and 67.09 mu s for +CG flashes, while 3.9, 0.57, 3.72, 20.75, and 69.86 mu s for -CG flashes, respectively. Additionally, the average peak currents of +CG and -CG flashes were 4.13 kA and 3.14 kA, respectively. The temporal characteristics of the return strokes of Antarctica storms are comparable to other geographical regions. The smaller peak currents might be due to small magnitude of Antarctica cloud charges when compared to other geographical regions.
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| 7. |
- Mohammad, Sulaiman Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of Lightning Occurrence Surrounding Antarctica Peninsula
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP) AND XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (SIPDA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665423465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present the observation of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes detected surrounding Antarctica Peninsula. Lightning sensors had been setup and deployed at King Sejong station in King George Island, Antarctica Peninsula. The lightning sensors consist of fast and slow electric field sensors that uses parallel plate antenna accompanied with respective buffer circuits. A magnetic field sensor was also deployed with two orthogonal loops antennas. The lightning data were collected between 11th and 31st January 2020. 20 storms have been identified with a total of 176 CG flashes detected. From the total CG, 116 were identified as negative CG flashes while 60 were identified as positive CG flashes.
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| 8. |
- Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohamad, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Analysis of Quasi-Static Electric Field Changes of Tropical Lightning Flashes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ekoloji. - 1300-1361. ; 28:107, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental conditions leading to the bouncing-wave discharge and the subsequent electron beam remain to be investigated in more detailed future studies. The analysis of quasi-static initial electric field changes (IECs) were found at the beginning of all 24 lightning flashes detected within reversal distance (22 Negative Cloud-to-Ground (–CG) and 2 normal Intra-Cloud (IC) flashes) in a tropical storm on June 15th, 2017 close to our station in Malacca, Malaysia (2.314077° N, 102.318282° E). The IECs durations averaged 4.28 ms for –CG flashes (range 1.48 to 9.45 ms) and averaged 11.30 ms for normal ICs flashes (range 7.24 to 15.35 ms). In comparison to Florida storms, the duration of IECs for –CG and IC flashes were 0.18 ms (range 0.08 to 0.33 ms) and 1.53 ms (range 0.18 to 5.70 ms), respectively. Moreover, the magnitudes of E-change for tropical thunderstorm were 0.13 V/m (range 0.03 to 0.44 V/m) for –CG flashes and -0.20 V/m (range -0.13 to -0.27 V/m) for IC flashes. The E-change magnitudes of tropical flashes are significantly larger than Florida flashes.
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| 9. |
- Tao, Hai, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater level prediction using machine learning models: A comprehensive review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - : Elsevier. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 489, s. 271-308
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing accurate soft computing methods for groundwater level (GWL) forecasting is essential for enhancing the planning and management of water resources. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in GWL prediction using machine learning (ML) models. Several review articles have been published, reporting the advances in this field up to 2018. However, the existing review articles do not cover several aspects of GWL simulations using ML, which are significant for scientists and practitioners working in hydrology and water resource management. The current review article aims to provide a clear understanding of the state-of-the-art ML models implemented for GWL modeling and the milestones achieved in this domain. The review includes all of the types of ML models employed for GWL modeling from 2008 to 2020 (138 articles) and summarizes the details of the reviewed papers, including the types of models, data span, time scale, input and output parameters, performance criteria used, and the best models identified. Furthermore, recommendations for possible future research directions to improve the accuracy of GWL prediction models and enhance the related knowledge are outlined.
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| 10. |
- Yousif, Ali A., et al.
(författare)
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Open Channel Sluice Gate Scouring Parameters Prediction : Different Scenarios of Dimensional and Non-Dimensional Input Parameters
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of scour characteristics in the downstream of sluice gate is highly importantfor designing and protection of hydraulic structure. The applicability of modern data-intelligence technique known as extreme learning machine (ELM) to simulate scour characteristics has been examined in this study. Three major characteristics of scour hole in the downstream of a sluice gate, namely the length of scour hole (Ls), the maximum scour depth (Ds), and the position of maximum scour depth (Lsm), are modeled using different properties of the flow and bed material. The obtained results using ELM were compared with multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS). The dimensional analysis technique was used to reduce the number of input variable to a smaller number of dimensionless groups and both the dimensional and non-dimensional variables were used to model the scour characteristics. The prediction performances of the developed models were examined using several statistical metrics. The results revealed that ELM can predict scour properties with much higher accuracy compared to MARS. The errors in prediction can be reduced in the range of 79%–81% using ELM models compared to MARS models. Better performance of the models was observed when dimensional variables were used as input. The result indicates that the use of ELM with non-dimensional data can provide high accuracy in modeling complex hydrological problems.
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| 11. |
- Yusop, Norbayah, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal Analysis of Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Flash Activity in the Western Antarctica
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI. - 2073-4433. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a seasonal analysis of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash activity in the Western Antarctica using a lightning detector sensor installed at the Carlini Base station. Data obtained from the detection system between February and December 2017 were analyzed. Three common locations and areas of composite active thunderstorms (labelled storm regions A, B, and C) were detected by the sensor within a 1000 km radius from the station. Storm region A was located to the northwest (N/W) of the station and covered the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea (ABS), whereas storm region C was located on the southeastern (S/E) side of the station over the Weddell Sea (WS), with distances ranging from 500 to 800 km and bearings of 270 degrees to 360 degrees and 90 degrees to 180, respectively. Storm region B was located around 100 km from the station with the bearings of stroke taken from 0 degrees to 360 degrees. A total of 2,019,923 flashes were detected, of which 43.01% were positive CG and 56.99% were negative CG flashes. The analysis revealed that more than 96% of the CG flashes (both positive CG and negative CG) were produced during the summer and fall seasons as compared with less than 4% during the winter and spring seasons. Most detected lightning strokes (>85%) were located in the central area around the station produced by storm region B and less than 15% were produced by storm region A and storm region C, located in the ocean areas over the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea and the Weddell Sea.
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