| 1. |
- Klarin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Adhesion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v onto the gut mucosa in critically ill patients: a randomised open trial.
- 2005
-
In: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535. ; 9:3, s. 285-293
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction To achieve any possible positive effect on the intestinal mucosa cells it is important that probiotics adhere tightly onto the intestinal mucosa. It has been shown in healthy volunteers that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp 299v) (DSM 9843), a probiotic bacterium, given orally in a fermented oatmeal formula adheres onto the intestinal mucosa, but whether this also occurs in critically ill patients is unknown. Methods After randomisation, nine enterally fed, critically ill patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics received an oatmeal formula fermented with Lp 299v throughout their stay in the intensive care unit; eight patients served as controls. Biopsies of the rectal mucosa were made at admission and then twice a week, and the biopsies were analysed blindly. Results Four patients in the control group were colonised with Lp 299v at admission but thereafter all their biopsies were negative (Lp 299v is an ingredient in a common functional food, ProViva(R), in Sweden). Of the treated patients none was colonised at admission but three patients had Lp 299v adhered on the mucosa from the second or third biopsy and in the following samples. Conclusion This study shows that Lp 299v could survive the passage from the stomach to the rectum and was able adhere onto the rectal mucosa also in critically ill, antibiotic-treated patients.
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| 2. |
- Klarin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of Clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics
- 2008
-
In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 52:8, s. 1096-1102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in hospitalised patients is increasing. Critically ill patients are often treated with antibiotics and are at high risk of developing CDAD. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) has been found to reduce recurrence of CDAD. We investigated intensive care unit (ICU) patients regarding the impact of Lp299v on C. difficile colonisation and on gut permeability and parameters of inflammation and infection in that context. Methods: Twenty-two ICU patients were given a fermented oatmeal gruel containing Lp299v, and 22 received an equivalent product without the bacteria. Faecal samples for analyses of C. difficile and Lp299v were taken at inclusion and then twice a week during the ICU stay. Other cultures were performed on clinical indication. Infection and inflammation parameters were analysed daily. Gut permeability was assessed using a sugar probe technique. Main Results: Colonisation with C. difficile was detected in 19% (4/21) of controls but in none of the Lp299v-treated patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Enteral administration of the probiotic bacterium Lp299v to critically ill patients treated with antibiotics reduced colonisation with C. difficile. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN85655545
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| 3. |
- Klarin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Susceptibility to antibiotics in isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum RAPD-type Lp299v, harvested from antibiotic treated, critically ill patients after administration of probiotics.
- 2019
-
In: MicrobiologyOpen. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-8827. ; 8:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recultured Lactobacillus plantarum 299v-like strains were tested regarding antibiotic susceptibility, and no decrease was detected. Antibiotics are frequently used to treat patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and are associated with a significant risk of selection of resistant bacterial strains. In particular, it is possible that genetic transfer of antibiotic resistance to the resident gastrointestinal flora, as well as to administered probiotics, may be increased in the ICU setting. The aim of the present investigation was to detect possible changes in antimicrobial susceptibility in reisolates of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) given to antibiotic treated, critically ill patients. Lp299v-like strains were identified in cultures of biopsies and fecal samples from 32 patients given the probiotic strain enterally in two previous ICU studies. The patients received a variety of antibiotics. Isolates with the same genomic RAPD profile (RAPD-type) as Lp299v were obtained to enable monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility by E-tests. Forty-two isolates, collected throughout the course of illness, were tested against 22 different antibiotics. No obvious decrease in susceptibility was found for 21 of the tested antibiotics. There was a tendency toward decreased susceptibility to ampicillin. The stable antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Lp299v-like isolates studied here suggests this probiotic is less likely to acquire resistance when administered to critically ill patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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| 4. |
- Klarin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients : a randomised controlled open pilot study
- 2008
-
In: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 12:6, s. R136-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is usually caused by aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from the oropharynx. Oral decontamination with antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine (CHX) or antibiotics, has been used as prophylaxis against this complication. We hypothesised that the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 299 (Lp299) would be as efficient as CHX in reducing the pathogenic bacterial load in the oropharynx of tracheally intubated, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients. METHODS: Fifty critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation were randomised to either oral mechanical cleansing followed by washing with 0.1% CHX solution or to the same cleansing procedure followed by oral application of an emulsion of Lp299. Samples for microbiological analyses were taken from the oropharynx and trachea at inclusion and at defined intervals thereafter. RESULTS: Potentially pathogenic bacteria that were not present at inclusion were identified in oropharyngeal samples from eight of the patients treated with Lp299 and 13 of those treated with CHX (p = 0.13). Analysis of tracheal samples yielded similar results. Lp299 was recovered from the oropharynx of all patients in the Lp299 group. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we found no difference between the effect of Lp299 and CHX used in oral care procedures, when we examined the effects of those agents on colonisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated, mechanically ventilated patients.
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| 5. |
- Molin, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Experimental yield study of bifacial PV modules in Nordic conditions
- 2018
-
In: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2156-3381 .- 2156-3403. ; 8:6, s. 1457-1463
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study reports on the first full-year field study in Sweden using bifacial photovoltaic modules. The two test sites are located on flat roofs with a low albedo of 0.05 in Linköping (58 °N) and were studied from December 2016 to November 2017. Site 1 has monofacial and bifacial modules with a 40° tilt facing south, which is optimal for annual energy yield for monofacial modules at this location. Site 2 has monofacial 40° tilt south-facing modules and bifacial vertical east–west orientated modules. The annual bifacial energy gain (BG E ) was 5% at site 1 and 1% at site 2 for albedo 0.05. The difference in power temperature coefficients between bifacial and monofacial modules was estimated to influence BG E by +0.4 and +0.1 percentage points on site 1 and 2, respectively. A higher albedo could be investigated on a sunny day with fresh snow for the bifacial east–west modules. The specific yield was 7.57 kWh/kW p , which was a yield increase of 48% compared with tar paper at similar solar conditions.
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| 6. |
- Adams, Robin, et al.
(author)
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What is the word for 'Engineering' in Swedish : Swedish students conceptions of their discipline
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Engineering education in Sweden – as in the rest of the world – is experiencing a decline in student interest. There are concerns about the ways in which students think about engineering education, why they join an academic programme in engineering, and why they persist in their studies. In this context the aims of the Nationellt ämnesdidaktiskt Centrum för Teknikutbildning i Studenternas Sammanhang project (CeTUSS) is to investigate the student experience and to identify and support a continuing network of interested researchers, as well as in building capacity for disciplinary pedagogic investigation. The Stepping Stones project brings together these interests in a multi-researcher, multi-institutional study that investigates how tudents and academic staff perceive engineering in Sweden and in Swedish education. The first results of that project are reported here. As this study is situated uniquely in Swedish education, it allows for exploration of “a Swedish perspective” on conceptions of engineering. The Stepping Stones project was based on a model of research capacity-building previously instantiated in the USA and Australia (Fincher & Tenenberg, 2006).
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| 7. |
- Adawi, Diya, et al.
(author)
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Safety of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (strain 299v) in an endocarditis animal model
- 2002
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In: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 14:1, s. 50-53
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Lactobacilli are often considered to be beneficial or non-pathogenic to man, with small numbers of human infections being reported, including septicemia and infective endocarditis. To verify the safety of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (=strain 299v) administration, we used a well-known endocarditis animal model. Design: Experimental study using Sprague-Dawley rats. Setting: University Hospital, Sweden. Interventions: A catheter was passed down the right common carotid artery into the lumen of the left ventricle. The catheter was tied in place and the neck incision was closed. After 48 h, 0.5 ml of a bacterial suspension was injected through the tail vein. In the endocarditis control we inoculated Staphylococcus lugdunesis CCUG 25349T (T = type strain) and L. plantarum 299v was injected in the blood in L. plantarum group. Main outcome measures: Rats were sacrificed 96 h later and samples were taken from the heart, blood and catheter for bacterial culture and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) evaluation. Results: L. plantarum 299v was injected in the blood but no lactobacilli were found in the heart, blood or catheter after 96 h. RAPD evaluation showed that S. lugdunesis CCUG 25349T was isolated from both blood and heart. Conclusion: The results showed that L. plantarum 299v has no role in the tested endocarditis animal model, which indicates the safety of L. plantarum 299v.
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| 8. |
- Biggar, Robert J., et al.
(author)
-
Serum YKL-40 and interleukin 6 levels in Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2008
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 14:21, s. 6974-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Serum levels of the inflammatory markers YKL-40 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are increased in many conditions, including cancers. We examined serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, a tumor with strong immunologic reaction to relatively few tumor cells, especially in nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed Danish and Swedish patients with incident Hodgkin lymphoma (N=470) and population controls from Denmark (n=245 for YKL-40; n=348 for IL-6). Serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA, and log-transformed data were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS: Serum levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 increased in Hodgkin lymphoma patients compared with controls (YKL-40, 3.6-fold; IL-6, 8.3-fold; both, P<0.0001). In pretreatment samples from pretreatment Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n=176), levels were correlated with more advanced stages (P(trend), 0.0001 for YKL-40 and 0.013 for IL-6) and in those with B symptoms; however, levels were similar in nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes, by EBV status, and in younger (<45 years old) and older patients. Patients tested soon after treatment onset had significantly lower levels than pretreatment patients; however, even >or=6 months after treatment onset, serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels remained significantly increased compared with controls. In patients who died (n=12), pretreatment levels for YKL-40 and IL-6 were higher than in survivors, although not statistically significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were increased in untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients and those with more advanced stages but did not differ significantly by Hodgkin lymphoma histology. Following treatment, serum levels were significantly lower.
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| 9. |
- Bränning, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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Blueberry husks and multi-strain probiotics affect colonic fermentation in rats.
- 2009
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 100:1, s. 859-870
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to investigate how blueberry husks and/or mixtures of probiotic strains (Lactobacillus crispatus DSM16743, L. gasseri DSM16737 and L. plantarum DSM15313 (LABmix), or Bifidobacterium infantis DSM15159 and DSM15161 (BIFmix)) affect colonic fermentation, caecal counts of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, body weight gain, and blood concentrations of carboxylic acids (CA) and ammonia in rats. Dietary fibres in blueberry husks were fermented to 61 % in colon, and the elevated faecal excretion of fibre and protein contributed to the high faecal bulking capacity (1.3). The caecal pool of CA was higher in rats fed blueberry husks than the fibre-free control (P < 0.05), and the propionic acid proportion was higher in the distal colon than in the control group (P < 0.05). Probiotics lowered the caecal amount of CA when added to blueberry husks (P < 0.001), while the propionic acid proportion was higher with LABmix (P < 0.01) than blueberry husks only. The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in blood were higher in rats fed blueberry husks and probiotics than those fed blueberry husks only (P < 0.01), implying that the absorption of these acids was facilitated by the bacteria. The caecal counts of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were lower in rats fed blueberry husks than the control diet (P < 0.05). The body weight gain was partly influenced by the caecal tissue and contents weights, and BIFmix decreased the ammonia concentration in blood (P < 0.05). We conclude that colonic fermentation is differentially affected by dietary fibre and probiotics, which may be of importance when developing foods with certain health effects.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dykstra, Natalie S, et al.
(author)
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Pulse Probiotic Administration Induces Repeated Small Intestinal Muc3 Expression in Rats.
- 2011
-
In: Pediatric Research. - 1530-0447. ; 69, s. 206-211
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Upon ingestion, probiotics may act to protect the host through a number of protective mechanisms including modulation of genes involved in intestinal innate mucosal defense such as epithelial cell derived mucin glycoproteins and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. To determine the specificity of effect and sustainability of response in vivo, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (LrR0011) and Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 (BbR0071) were added repeatedly or intermittently to the drinking water of Sprague-Dawley rats. Following sacrifice via CO2 suffocation, Muc2, Muc3, NAIP, HIAP1/cIAP2 and HIAP2/cIAP1 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed via RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Live Lp299v, BbR0071 and LrR0011 increased Muc3 protein and mRNA expression in jejunum and ileum. Heat-killed and a non-adherent derivative of Lp299v failed to induce Muc3 expression. Lp299v did induce expression of HIAP2/cIAP1 and NAIP expression. Muc3 mucin expression was elevated for 5 days following oral administration of Lp299v but this effect was not sustained despite ongoing daily ingestion of a probiotic. Intermittent pulse ingestion of probiotics however, was found to repeatedly increase Muc3 expression. We conclude that selected probiotics can induce protective genes of mucosal intestinal epithelial cells, an effect that is reproducible with pulse probiotic administration. ABBREVIATIONS:
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| 13. |
- Enciso-Mora, Victor, et al.
(author)
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A genome-wide association study of Hodgkin's lymphoma identifies new susceptibility loci at 2p16.1 (REL), 8q24.21 and 10p14 (GATA3)
- 2010
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1126-1130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify susceptibility loci for classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), we conducted a genome-wide association study of 589 individuals with cHL (cases) and 5,199 controls with validation in four independent samples totaling 2,057 cases and 3,416 controls. We identified three new susceptibility loci at 2p16.1 (rs1432295, REL, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, combined P = 1.91 × 10−8), 8q24.21 (rs2019960, PVT1, OR = 1.33, combined P = 1.26 × 10−13) and 10p14 (rs501764, GATA3, OR = 1.25, combined P = 7.05 × 10−8). Furthermore, we confirmed the role of the major histocompatibility complex in disease etiology by revealing a strong human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association (rs6903608, OR = 1.70, combined P = 2.84 × 10−50). These data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of cHL.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Falk, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Ileal pelvic pouch microbiota from two former ulcerative colitis patients, analysed by DNA-based methods, were unstable over time and showed the presence of Clostridium perfringens
- 2007
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:8, s. 973-985
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Ileal pouch anal anastomosis ( IPAA) is the preferred method for restorative surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis who have to undergo proctocolectomy. The most common complication is pouchitis and several studies have pointed to the microbiota of the pouch as being a risk factor. The aim of this study was to follow the development of the bacterial microbiota in pouches during the first year. Material and methods. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ( T-RFLP) combined with cloning and sequencing was used to identify the most predominant bacteria on the different sampling occasions. A total of 274 clones were grouped by T-RFLP and clones from each group were selected for sequencing and identified by comparison with known sequences. Results. Differences in T-RFLP profiles and clone libraries were found between the patients, and also in changes apparent in each patient at different time-points. The main bacterial groups in the pouches resembled those of the normal colonic microbiota, with a predominance of the clostridia clusters XIVa and IV, Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae. Exceptions were clones with sequences resembling those of the Clostridium perfringens group, in both patients and on all sampling occasions, and the dominance of clones resembling Turicibacter in one of the patients at the time of pouch construction. Conclusions. The pouch microbiota showed similarities to the normal colon microbiota except for the presence of clones with sequences resembling those of the C. perfringens group and Turicibacter. The bacterial composition differed between the two patients and the microbiota changed with time, suggesting that the composition is not stable during the first year.
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| 16. |
- Florén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Dependence of the mean SNR on the interaction between multiuser diversity, multipath diversity, and feedback delay
- 2005
-
In: 2005 IEEE 61st Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC2005- Spring. - 0780388879 ; , s. 1898-1902
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examine wireless systems employing Rake receivers and fast scheduling over multiple users. The interactions between multipath diversity, multiuser diversity, and the feedback delay are investigated in terms of the mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is assumed that all users experience the same propagation characteristics, i.e., the same number of taps and power-delay profile (PDP). The results are exact as well as asymptotic (in the number of users) expressions that quantify this interaction. It is found that as the number of taps in the channel increases, the multiuser diversity gain decreases but better robustness against feedback delay is achieved. Furthermore, the asymptotic results derived show good agreement with the exact results for an exponential PDP, even for few users. Thus, we obtain expressions for the mean SNR that are compact and easy to evaluate
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| 17. |
- Florén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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The Effect of Feedback Quantization on the Throughput of a Multiuser Diversity Scheme
- 2003
-
In: Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. ; 1, s. 497-501
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impact of the quantization of SNR measurements on the throughput of a multiuser diversity scheme for constant-rate transmission is investigated under a block-Rayleigh fading assumption. In the downlink, each user measures its SNR, quantizes it, and feeds it back to the transmitter, which transmits a packet to the user with the highest quantized SNR. In the case of several users having the same quantized SNR, one of them is selected at random. It is concluded that using only a few quantization levels can yield a throughput that is only slightly less than the throughput obtained by using unquantized feedback.
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| 18. |
- Florén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Throughput analysis of strongly interfering slow frequency-hopping wireless networks
- 2001
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In: Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. - 0780367286 ; 1, s. 496-500
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We derive an approximation for the throughput of strongly interfering frequency-hopping wireless networks, where packet collisions always result in lost data. A system is defined to consist of a certain number of radio networks, each with an arbitrary number of communicating units, coordinated to communicate without interference. Using the approximation, we estimate upper and lower bounds on system throughput, as well as the number of networks which gives maximum system throughput
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| 19. |
- Florén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Throughput analysis of three multiuser diversity schemes
- 2003
-
In: 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003 (Cat. No.03CH37431). - 0780377575 ; , s. 2686-2690
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The throughput of three slot allocation schemes for the downlink of a wireless TDMA system are investigated under the assumption of block-Rayleigh fading. The schemes use the instantaneous SNR at the users in order to take advantage of the independent fading of the channels. In the first scheme, which has been proposed earlier (R. Knopp et al., 1995), the base station transmits to the user that experiences the largest SNR in every slot. In the second scheme, which is a variant of an existing scheme (P. Viswanath et al., June 2002), the user with highest ratio between instantaneous SNR and mean SNR is transmitted to. Lastly, we propose a scheme that compares the SNR at a user to a threshold in order determine if transmission to that user shall occur. If the SNR is below the threshold, transmission to another user is attempted. The results indicate that considerable throughput gains can be achieved even with limited SNR feedback, although there exists a trade-off between throughput and delay
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| 20. |
- Florén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Throughput of strongly interfering slow frequency-hopping networks
- 2004
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - 0090-6778. ; 52:7, s. 1152-1159
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the increasing, use of short-range wireless devices for high-data-rate communication in the shared frequency bands, the level of interference can be expected to increase. The ability to,estimate, the performance degradation of these devices due to increasing interference is, therefore, important. In this paper, the throughput of devices that perform frequency hops after each transmitted packet in order to achieve diversity is investigated. The system model allows for an analysis of systems where packets of variable durations are used, and the throughput derivation is based on the assumption that collisions result in a total loss of the data in the colliding packets. The resulting expression for the throughput is given as a function of the number of frequency channels used for frequency hopping, the number of interfering networks, the durations of the packet types available, and the probability of networks selecting a certain packet type for transmission. An approximation of the exact expression for the throughput is also derived, and the results are applied to an example system consisting of Bluetooth piconets.
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| 21. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Age-related Effects of the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Gastrointestinal Function in Suckling Rats
- 2008
-
In: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 53:664-671, s. 664-671
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of a probiotic bacterium on gut function was studied in neonatal animals by using a model with suckling rats. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) or saline (controls) was fed (3.0 x 10(6) CFU/g b.wt per day) for one week to rats aged either 3, 7 or 14 days, after which bacterial colonization, gut growth, and functional parameters were analyzed. In rats fed with Lp299v from 3 to 10 days of age, an increase in ceacal lactobacilli was correlated with reduced intestinal macromolecular permeability and increased mucosal protein compared to age-matched controls. Pups treated from 7 to 14 days of age showed a decrease in pancreas weight and protein content, whereas pups treated from 14 to 21 days of age showed little effect of the Lp299v treatment. The results indicated that the bacterial exposure affected the gut function, where the effects were age-related and the youngest rats appeared most sensitive.
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| 22. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Maternal consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v affects gastrointestinal growth and function in the suckling rat.
- 2008
-
In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 100:2, s. 332-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- After birth, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract undergoes vast structural and functional adaptations to be able to digest mother's milk and later, during the weaning period, solid food. Studies on germ-free animals have shown the role of the gut microbiota for stimulating GI maturation, but which groups are involved is unclear. In the present study, we administered the probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), in the drinking water to pregnant and lactating rat dams until their pups had reached an age of 14 d. It was found that Lp299v colonizing the mothers were also able to colonize the pups, which had an impact on their gut growth and function. The small intestine, pancreas and liver weighed more in the 14 d-old pups born from dams exposed to Lp299v than in the control pups from dams given only water. Furthermore, the Lp299v pups showed decreased gut permeability. Despite a heavier spleen in the Lp299v pups, as compared to the control pups, no significant increase in the acute-phase protein, haptoglobin, was found. In conclusion, the results reported here clearly show that manipulating the maternal microflora by exposing expecting mothers to a Gram-positive, probiotic bacterium prior to parturition and during lactation impacts the gut growth and function in the offspring.
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| 23. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Microbial manipulation of the rat dam changes bacterial colonization and alters properties of the gut in her offspring.
- 2008
-
In: American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 294, s. 148-154
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impact of an altered bacterial colonization on gut development has not been thoroughly studied, despite the increased risk of certain diseases with a disturbed microbiota after birth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial manipulation, i.e. antibiotic treatment or Escherichia coli (E. coli) exposure, of the dam on bacterial colonization and gut development in the offspring. Pregnant rats were administered either broad-spectrum antibiotics three days prior to parturition, or live non-pathogenic E. coli CCUG 29300T one week before parturition and up to 14 days of lactation in the drinking water. Caecal bacterial levels, gut growth, intestinal permeability, digestive enzyme levels and intestinal inflammation were studied in two-week old rats. Pups from dams that were antibiotic-treated had higher densities of Enterobacteriaceae which correlated with a decreased stomach growth and function, lower pancreatic protein levels, higher intestinal permeability and increased plasma levels of the acute phase protein, haptoglobin, compared with pups from untreated mothers. Exposure of pregnant/lactating mothers to E. coli CCUG 29300T, also resulting in increased Enterobacteriaceae levels, gave in the offspring similar results on the stomach and an increased small intestinal growth as compared to the control pups. Furthermore, E. coli pups showed increased mucosal disaccharidase activities, increased liver, spleen and adrenal weights, as well as increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. These findings indicate that disturbing the normal bacterial colonization after birth, by increasing the densities of caecal Enterobacteriaceae, appear to have lasting effects on the postnatal microflora which affects gut growth and function.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Glimelius, Ingrid, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Bulky disease is the most important prognostic factor in Hodgkin lymphoma stage IIB
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 71:5, s. 327-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment results for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients younger than 60 yr in stage IIB, treated according to the Swedish National Care Programme. The intention was also to identify specific subgroups depending on the number of negative prognostic factors the patients have, in order to optimise and differentiate future treatment. In total, 99 patients with HL stage IIB, diagnosed between 1985 and 1994, have been analysed. There were 47 men and 52 women and the median age was 33 yr (range 17-59). Eighty-six patients presented with supradiaphragmatic disease and 13 with infradiaphragmatic. The HL specific and overall 10-yr survival was 73 and 65%, respectively. The HL-specific survival for patients in pathological stage IIB tended to be better, although not statistically significant than for clinical stage IIB, despite less chemotherapy (P = 0.1). The patients in stage IIB who were selected for laparotomy were, however, younger and with fewer negative prognostic factors. The only significant negative prognostic factor was bulky disease (P = 0.001). The following factors also tended to have a negative influence on the prognosis although not statistically significant: the International Prognostic Score, the number of involved lymph node stations, extranodal involvement and leucocyte count > 15 x 10(9)/L. In conclusion, we suggest that bulky disease should be taken into account when treating patients with stage IIB HL.
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| 26. |
- Hakansson, A, et al.
(author)
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Rose Hip and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 Reduce Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Mouse Colon.
- 2006
-
In: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 51:11, s. 2094-2101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- schaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the colon is an inflammatory condition that leads to tissue injury where reactive oxygen species play a central role. Rose hip is rich in biologically active polyphenols with antioxidative properties, which may be important in prevention of lipid peroxidation. L. plantarum DSM 9843 possesses enzymatic activity towards polyphenols. The objective of this study was to define the effect of oral administration of L. plantarum and rose hip in I/R injury. Administration of rose hip and L. plantarum significantly decreased MDA levels in caecum tissue and Enterobacteriaceae counts in caecum stool. A positive correlation between MDA levels and Enterobacteriaceae counts was found. The results support a synergistic/additive role of rose hip and L. plantarum in reducing lipid peroxidation. Therefore rose hip and L. plantarum may be used as a pretreatment to tissue injuries, e.g. colonic surgery, organ transplantation and vascular surgery.
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| 27. |
- Hjalgrim, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma : a population-based case-control study
- 2007
-
In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 16:8, s. 1561-1566
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies have inconsistently reported an association between tobacco smoking and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) risk. The conflicting finding may reflect etiologic heterogeneity between HL subtypes, warranting further characterization of the relationship. METHODS: We collected information on tobacco-smoking habits in 586 classic HL cases and 3,187 population controls in a Danish-Swedish case-control study. HL EBV status was established for 499 cases by standard techniques. Odds ratios (OR) for an association with cigarette smoking were calculated by logistic regression for HL overall and stratified by age, sex, major histology subtypes, and tumor EBV status, adjusting for known confounders. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, current cigarette smokers were at an increased overall HL risk [adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.22-2.03]. The association was strongest for EBV-positive HL (adjusted OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.51-3.71), but also applied to EBV-negative HL (adjusted OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.05-1.97; P(homogeneity EBV-pos) versus P(homogeneity EBV-neg) = 0.04). The association did not vary appreciably by age, sex, or histologic subtype, the apparent EBV-related difference present in all strata. There was no evidence of a dose-response pattern, whether by age at smoking initiation, daily cigarette consumption, number of years smoking, or cumulative number of cigarettes smoked. Similar results were obtained in analyses using non-HL patients (n = 3,055) participating in the founding study as comparison group. CONCLUSION: The observed association between cigarette smoking and HL risk is consistent with previous findings and biologically credible. Although not easily dismissed as an artifact, the limited evidence of a dose-response pattern renders the overall evidence of causality weak.
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| 28. |
- Hjalgrim, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Infectious mononucleosis, childhood social environment, and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2007
-
In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 67:5, s. 2382-2388
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infectious mononucleosis (IM) has been associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), implicating a role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in HL development. Although essential to the understanding of the association, it has remained uncertain if the relationship is restricted to the EBV-positive subset of HL. We collected information on mononucleosis history and childhood socioenvironmental characteristics in a population-based study of 586 patients with classic HL and 3,187 controls in Denmark and Sweden. Tumor EBV status was established for 499 cases by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Odds ratios (OR) for the relationship between HL risk and mononucleosis and other risk factors were estimated by logistic regression for HL in younger (18-44 years) and older (45-74 years) adults, overall and by tumor EBV status. All analyses were adjusted for country-specific measures of maternal education and mononucleosis history. IM was associated with an increased risk of EBV-positive [OR, 3.23; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.89-5.55] but not EBV-negative HL (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86-2.14). Risk of EBV-positive HL varied with time since IM and was particularly pronounced in younger adults (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.19-7.18). IM-associated lymphomas occurred with a median of 2.9 years (1.8-4.9 years) after infection. The EBV specificity of the IM association was corroborated by a case-case comparison of IM history between younger adult EBV-positive and EBV-negative HL patients (OR(IM EBV+ HL versus EBV- HL), 2.68; 95% CI, 1.40-5.12). We found further evidence that IM is associated only with EBV-positive HL. This finding is compatible with the notion that EBV-positive and EBV-negative HL may have different etiologies.
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| 29. |
- Håkansson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Blueberry Husks and Probiotics Attenuate Colorectal Inflammation and Oncogenesis, and Liver Injuries in Rats Exposed to Cycling DSS-Treatment.
- 2012
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long-term colonic inflammation promotes carcinogenesis and histological abnormalities of the liver, and colorectal tumours frequently arise in a background of dysplasia, a precursor of adenomas. Altered colonic microbiota with an increased proportion of bacteria with pro-inflammatory characteristics, have been implicated in neoplastic progression. The composition of the microbiota can be modified by dietary components such as probiotics, polyphenols and dietary fibres. In the present study, the influence of probiotics in combination with blueberry husks on colorectal carcinogenesis and subsequent liver damage was evaluated.Colorectal tumours were induced in rats by cyclic treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Blueberry husks and a mixture of three probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15159, Lactobacillus gasseri, DSM 16737 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313) supplemented a basic diet fortified with oats. The condition of the rats was monitored using a disease activity index (DAI). A qualitative and quantitative histological judgement was performed on segments of distal colon and rectum and the caudate lobe of the liver. The formation of short-chain fatty acids, bacterial translocation, the inflammatory reaction and viable count of lactobacilli and Enterobaceriaceae were addressed.Blueberry husks with or without probiotics significantly decreased DAI, and significantly reduced the number of colonic ulcers and dysplastic lesions. With a decreased proportion of blueberry husk in the diet, the probiotic supplement was needed to achieve a significant decrease in numbers of dysplastic lesions. Probiotics decreased faecal viable count of Enterobacteriaceae and increased that of lactobacilli. Blueberry husks with or without probiotics lowered the proportion of butyric acid in distal colon, and decreased the haptoglobin levels. Probiotics mitigated hepatic injuries by decreasing parenchymal infiltration and the incidence of stasis and translocation. The results demonstrate a dietary option for use of blueberry husks and probiotics to delay colonic carcinogenesis and hepatic injuries in the rat model.
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| 30. |
- Håkansson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Blueberry husks, rye bran and multi-strain probiotics affect the severity of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium
- 2009
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 44:10, s. 1213-1225
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The enteric microbiota is a pivotal factor in the development of intestinal inflammation in humans but probiotics, dietary fibres and phytochemicals can have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of multi-strain probiotics and two conceivable prebiotics in an experimental colitis model. Material and methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a fibre-free diet alone or in combination with Lactobacillus crispatus DSM 16743, L. gasseri DSM 16737 and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 and/or rye bran and blueberry husks. Colitis was induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) given by oro-gastric tube. Colitis severity, inflammatory markers, gut-load of lactobacilli and Enterobacteriaceae, bacterial translocation and formation of carboxylic acids (CAs) were analysed. Results. The disease activity index (DAI) was lower in all treatment groups. Viable counts of Enterobacteriaceae were reduced and correlated positively with colitis severity, while DAI was negatively correlated with several CAs, e. g. butyric acid. The addition of probiotics to blueberry husks lowered the level of caecal acetic acid and increased that of propionic acid, while rye bran in combination with probiotics increased caecal CA levels and decreased distal colonic levels. Blueberry husks with probiotics reduced the incidence of bacterial translocation to the liver, colonic levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and serum interleukin-12. Acetic and butyric acids in colonic content correlated negatively to malondialdehyde. Conclusions. A combination of probiotics and blueberry husks or rye bran enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects compared with probiotics or dietary fibres alone. These combinations can be used as a preventive or therapeutic approach to dietary amelioration of intestinal inflammation.
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| 31. |
- Håkansson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Colorectal Oncogenesis and Inflammation in a Rat Model Based on Chronic Inflammation due to Cycling DSS Treatments.
- 2011
-
In: Gastroenterology Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-630X .- 1687-6121. ; 2011
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflammation is known to be linked with development of colorectal cancer, and the aim was to assess the malignant potential and degree of inflammation in a dextran-sulphate-sodium-(DSS-) induced cyclic colonic tumour model (CTM) in rats and to compare it with the azoxymethane-(AOM-) induced CTM model. Tumours developed in both groups, although, in the DSS group, the colonic mucosa appeared edematous and the number of haemorrhagic erosions and quantity of dysplastic lesions were higher as well as the mucosal concentration of myeloperoxidase and faecal viable count of Enterobacteriaceae. The livers were affected as evaluated by steatosis, parenchymal loss, haemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltrations, and higher proportions of acetate and lower proportions of butyrate in colonic content were found. The DSS model seems to mimic the clinical situation and may be valuable for investigation of inflammation-related dysplasia and colon cancer, as well as for altered liver function by endogenous inflammatory mediators.
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| 32. |
- Håkansson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Immunological alteration and changes of gut microbiota after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration in mice
- 2015
-
In: Clinical and Experimental Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1591-9528. ; 15:1, s. 107-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized bychronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Administrationof dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to animals is a frequentlyused model to mimic human colitis. Deregulationof the immune response to the enteric microflora orpathogens as well as increased intestinal permeability havebeen proposed as disease-driving mechanisms. To enlargethe understanding of the pathogenesis, we have studied theeffect of DSS on the immune system and gut microbiota inmice. Intestinal inflammation was verified through histologicalevaluation and myeloperoxidase activity. Immunologicalchanges were assessed by flow cytometry inspleen, Peyer0s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes andthrough multiplex cytokine profiling. In addition, quantificationof the total amount of bacteria on colonic mucosaas well as the total amount of lactobacilli, Akkermansia,Desulfovibrio and Enterobacteriaceae was performed bythe use of quantitative PCR. Diversity and communitystructure were analysed by terminal restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (T-RFLP) patterns, and principalcomponent analysis was utilized on immunological andT-RFLP patterns. DSS-induced colitis show clinical andhistological similarities to UC. The composition of thecolonic microflora was profoundly changed and correlatedwith several alterations of the immune system. The resultsdemonstrate a relationship between multiple immunologicalchanges and alterations of the gut microbiota after DSSadministration. These data highlight and improve the definitionof the immunological basis of the disease andsuggest a role for dysregulation of the gut microbiota in thepathogenesis of colitis.
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| 33. |
- Jakesevic, Maja, et al.
(author)
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Antioxidative protection of dietary bilberry, chokeberry and Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 in mice subjected to intestinal oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion
- 2011
-
In: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6882. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in the intestines is an inflammatory condition which activates leukocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Bilberry and chokeberry fruits are rich sources of polyphenols which may act as antioxidants and prevent lipid peroxidation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may improve microbial status in the intestines and increase the metabolic activity towards polyphenolic degradation. The aim of the study was to clarify antioxidative effects of bilberry and chokeberry fruits alone and with addition of a LAB-strain, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19, in an I/R-model in mice. Methods: Male BALB/cJ mice were fed the experimental diets for 10 days. Diets consisted of standard chow supplemented with either bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) or chokeberry (Aronia x prunifolia) powder alone or in combination with the LAB-strain Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19. I/R-injury was induced by holding superior mesenteric artery clamped for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 240 minutes. Thereafter, colonic and caecal tissues and contents were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used as indicator of lipid peroxidation and was measured by a calorimetric assay, lactobacilli were cultured on Rogosa agar plates and Enterobacteriaceae on VRBG agar plates, anthocyanins and phenolic acids were analysed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Results: MDA was significantly decreased in the colon of groups fed bilberry alone (p = 0.030) and in combination with L. plantarum HEAL19 (p = 0.021) compared to the IR-control but not in chokeberry-fed groups. Supplementation with bilberry or chokeberry alone reduced the total number of lactobacilli on the mucosa. Higher concentrations of anthocyanins were found in the colon than in the caecum content of mice. A more varied composition of different anthocyanins was also observed in the colon content compared to the caecum of bilberry-fed mice. Phenolic acids formed by microbial degradation of the dietary polyphenols in the gut could be detected. More phenolic metabolites were found in the intestines of bilberry-fed mice than in the chokeberry-fed ones. Conclusions: Bilberry alone and in combination with L. plantarum HEAL19 exerts a better protection against lipid peroxidation than chokeberry. These dietary supplements may be used to prevent or suppress oxidative stress.
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| 34. |
- Jakesevic, Maja, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in Combination with Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Oxidative Stress Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mouse.
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61:14, s. 3468-3478
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue injuries. The present study investigates the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a dietary supplement of bilberry, either alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum RESO56, L. plantarum HEAL19, or Pediococcus acidilactici JAM046, in an I/R-induced model for oxidative stress in mice. A bilberry diet without addition of bacteria significantly decreased both lipid peroxidation (p = 0.001) and mucosal injury in the ileum. Of 14 anthocyanins identified in bilberry, anthocyanin arabinosides were the most resistant to absorption and microbial degradation in the intestines. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside seemed to be mostly absorbed in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine, while malvidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, and petunidin-3-galactoside seemed to be digested by the microbiota in the cecum. Bilberry strongly influenced the composition of the cecal microbiota. In conclusion, a food supplement of bilberry protected small intestine against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
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| 35. |
- Jenssen, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Examination of highly irradiated stainless steels for BWR and PWR reactor pressure vessel internals
- 2011
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In: Contribution of materials investigations to improve the safety and performance of LWRs. - Paris : SFEN.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Highly irradiated (up to 80 dpa) stainless steel instrument tubes from a PWR and a BWR were removed from service after 29 and 20 years, respectively. The material exposed in PWR environment was cold worked Type 316 taken from a bottom mounted instrument tube, also known as a flux thimble. The material exposed in a BWR was Type 304 taken from a wide range neutron monitor (WRNM). The axial fluence gradient was assessed based on gamma scanning measurements. Visual inspection of the flux thimble tube revealed cracks in a deformed part of the component. Deformation occurred when a section of the component was handled in the fuel pool at the reactor. The WRNM tube was sectioned in the fuel pool into shorter segments by shearing. This resulted in the formation of cracks in parts of the tube irradiated to high fluence. Metallographic cross sections containing the cracked areas were prepared and examined in a light optical microscope (LOM). In addition, the fracture surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These examinations revealed that the cracks in both components were intergranular. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and elevated temperature (288 or 320 C) on material from both components, taken from locations with the highest fluence. The results show that the tensile properties have increased as a result of irradiation hardening, with values consistent with literature data for material irradiated above the saturation level for radiation hardening (10 dpa). Testing at room temperature resulted in brittle fracture with intergranular cracking on part of the fracture surface, while the elevated temperatures yielded ductile fracture. The change in fracture mode indicates the deformation mechanism is different between room temperature and elevated temperature (288 or 320 C). It is possible He bubbles present on the grain boundaries have resulted in intergranular embrittlement, which could explain the intergranular fractures observed in this study. Despite the brittle fracture at room temperature, the tensile properties (and elongation) were higher at this temperature than at elevated temperature.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Jeppsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Bacterial translocation: Impact of probiotics
- 2004
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 48:1, s. 37-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a considerable amount of data in humans showing that patients who cannot take in nutrients enterally have more organ failure in the intensive care unit, a less favourable prognosis, and a higher frequency of septicaemia, in particular involving bacterial species from the intestinal tract. However, there is little evidence that this is connected with translocation of bacterial species in humans. Animal data more uniformly imply the existence of such a connection. The main focus of this review is to describe different ways to alter the luminal milieu to decrease bacterial translocation. It is possible to reduce absorption of endotoxin by administration of bile salts in obstructive jaundice. Increasing the oral intake of glutamine will reduce bacterial translocation in rats with radiation-induced gut injury. The bacterial microflora plays a very important role in maintaining the normal intestinal ecological environment and supplying preferred fuels to the intestinal wall, consequently supporting the intestinal barrier. Disruption of the balance of intestinal bacterial microflora may increase the incidence of bacterial translocation by modifying intestinal barrier function. Bacterial species such as enteric Gram-negatives and Gram-positive cocci are more prone to translocation, whereas lactobacilli seem to have a protective effect. Administration of live lactobacilli either orally or by enema will reduce translocation. The mechanisms underlying the decreased translocation are not obvious. One effect may be mediated via an action on the intestinal wall and its permeability. Recently, the results of three randomized studies on the use of L. plantarum in patients with pancreatitis, undergoing liver transplantation or upper gastrointestinal surgery have been published, which all indicate a potential role for lactobacilli in translocation. In conclusion, by altering the luminal content of bacteria it seems possible to reduce the incidence of secondary infections. The influence of the luminal milieu on bacterial translocation is not fully understood. There is convincing evidence from experimental studies, but only circumstantial evidence from clinical studies.
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, Per-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Att utvärdera välfärdsarbete
- 2008
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Allt större krav ställs på att välfärdsarbete sker utifrån kunskaper om vad som är verksamt. För ett kunskapsbaserat arbete spelar utvärdering en central roll. I Att utvärdera välfärdsarbete går författarna igenom olika modeller och metoder för utvärdering inom välfärdsarbetet. De visar på de olika modellernas styrkor och svagheter och i vilka sammanhang de passar att användas. I boken beskrivs och exemplifieras utvärdering utifrån tre aspekter: " Vilka förändringar sker för brukarna? " Vad betyder arbetsmetoderna för resultatet? " Hur kan verksamheternas kvalitet bedömas?
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| 39. |
- Lagerlöf, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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Limited, But Not Eliminated, Excess Long-Term Morbidity in Stage I-IIA Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine and Limited-Field Radiotherapy
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 40:13, s. 1487-1496
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE Balancing disease control and toxicity from chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) when treating early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is important. Available data on long-term toxicity after RT for cHL mostly refer to RT techniques no longer in use. We aimed to describe long-term toxicity from modern limited-field (LF)-RT after two or four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included all patients with cHL treated with two or four cycles of ABVD and 30 Gy LF-RT during 1999-2005 in Sweden. Patients (n = 215) and comparators (n = 860), matched for age, gender, and region of residence, were cross-checked against national health registries for malignancies, diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), and diseases of the respiratory system (DRS) from the day of diagnosis of cHL. RESULTS The risk of a malignancy was higher for patients than comparators, hazard ratio (HR) 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4), as was the risk for DCS 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0) and for DRS 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6 to 4.3). The median followup was 16 years (range, 12-19 years). Of individual diagnoses in DCS, only venous thromboembolism was statistically significantly elevated. If the first 6 months (ie, time of active treatment for cHL) were excluded and censoring at relapse of cHL or diagnosis of any malignancy, the increased HR for venous thromboembolism diminished. Most of the excess risk for DRS consisted of asthma, HR 3.5 (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.8). Patients diagnosed with DRS were significantly younger than comparators. CONCLUSION Compared with toxicity from earlier RT techniques, excess morbidity was not eliminated, but lower than previously reported. The elevated risk of DRS was driven by diagnosis of asthma, which could in part be explained by misdiagnosis of persisting pulmonary toxicity.
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| 40. |
- Lagerlöf, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
-
No excess long-term mortality in stage I-IIA Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with ABVD and limited field radiotherapy
- 2020
-
In: British Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 188:5, s. 685-691
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When treating limited stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), balancing treatment efficacy and toxicity is important. Toxicities after extended-field radiotherapy are well documented. Investigators have aimed at reducing toxicity without compromising efficacy, mainly by using combined modality treatment (CMT), i.e. chemotherapy and limited-field radiotherapy. In some clinical trials, radiotherapy has been omitted. We evaluated 364 patients with stage I-IIA cHL treated between 1999 and 2005. Patients were treated with two or four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) according to presence of risk factors, followed by 30 Gy limited-field (reduced compared to involved-field) radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 16 years for survival, freedom from progression at five and ten years was 93% and overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 98% and 96%, respectively. Only two relapses, out of 27, occurred after more than 5 years. There was no excess mortality compared to the general population. Of the analysed subgroups, only patients with progression within five years showed significant excess mortality. The absence of excess mortality questions the concept of omitting radiotherapy after short-term chemotherapy, a strategy that has been associated with an elevated risk of relapse but not yet with a proven reduced long-term excess mortality.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lavasani, Shahram, et al.
(author)
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A novel probiotic mixture exerts a therapeutic effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mediated by IL-10 producing regulatory T cells.
- 2010
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). One potential therapeutic strategy for MS is to induce regulatory cells that mediate immunological tolerance. Probiotics, including lactobacilli, are known to induce immunomodulatory activity with promising effects in inflammatory diseases. We tested the potential of various strains of lactobacilli for suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The preventive effects of five daily-administered strains of lactobacilli were investigated in mice developing EAE. After a primary screening, three Lactobacillus strains, L. paracasei DSM 13434, L. plantarum DSM 15312 and DSM 15313 that reduced inflammation in CNS and autoreactive T cell responses were chosen. L. paracasei and L. plantarum DSM 15312 induced CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and enhanced production of serum TGF-beta1, while L. plantarum DSM 15313 increased serum IL-27 levels. Further screening of the chosen strains showed that each monostrain probiotic failed to be therapeutic in diseased mice, while a mixture of the three lactobacilli strains suppressed the progression and reversed the clinical and histological signs of EAE. The suppressive activity correlated with attenuation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokines followed by IL-10 induction in MLNs, spleen and blood. Additional adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that IL-10 producing CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs are involved in the suppressive effect induced by the lactobacilli mixture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data provide evidence showing that the therapeutic effect of the chosen mixture of probiotic lactobacilli was associated with induction of transferable tolerogenic Tregs in MLNs, but also in the periphery and the CNS, mediated through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. Our findings indicate a therapeutic potential of oral administration of a combination of probiotics and provide a more complete understanding of the host-commensal interactions that contribute to beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases.
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| 43. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age
- 2011
-
In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 106:6, s. 887-895
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec) on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother’s dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, the dietary regimes started with the dams at pregnancy and through lactation, and continued with the offspring for six months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than for groups C (control) and Ec (P=0•086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P=0•030) and higher plasma leptin (P=0•035) were seen in group Ec compared to group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P=0•019) and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r=0•428, P=0•029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P=<0•05) and Lp (P=<0•05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P=0•036) and Ec (P=0•056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. Our results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.
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| 44. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Probiotic therapy to men with incipient arteriosclerosis initiates increased bacterial diversity in colon: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2010
-
In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 208, s. 228-233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the microbial change in the intestinal microbiota in patients, with cardiovascular disease, consuming a drink with high numbers of live Lactobacillus plantarum. METHODS: Sixteen males, with atherosclerotic plaque on the carotid wall, were randomly selected from a larger cohort and included in this double blind, placebo controlled study. Colonic biopsies, taken before and after four weeks of probiotic treatment, were analysed with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, including digestion with MspI and HaeIII. Microbial diversity was calculated, short-chain fatty acids in faeces, and blood markers were analysed. RESULTS: Consumption of one probiotic strain of L. plantarum (DSM 9843) increased intestinal microbial diversity. The probiotic group had an increased diversity after consumption of the probiotic drink compared to the change in the placebo group when Shannon and Weaner diversity index (MspI and HaeIII, p=0.026) and Simpson index of diversity (MspI, p=0.044 and HaeIII, p=0.026) were calculated. The fermentation pattern of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were unaffected for most acids, but the probiotic group had decreased concentration of isovaleric acid (p=0.006) and valeric acid (p=0.029). Viable count of lactobacilli increased in the probiotic group (p=0.001), but no significant changes in blood markers were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of a single-strain probiotic increases the bacterial diversity in the gut, and affects the concentration of some short-chain fatty acids. Consumption of the single strain L. plantarum DSM 9843 might be a strategy to favour a diverse intestinal microbiota, which is beneficial for the host.
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| 45. |
- Liu, Q, et al.
(author)
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Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces side-effects of external radiation on colon anastomotic healing in an experimental model
- 2001
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In: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 3:4, s. 245-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Preoperative radiotherapy of patients with rectal carcinoma is frequently used to reduce the incidence of local recurrence. However, the radiation therapy is associated with several complications, including diarrhea, retarded anastomotic healing and mucosal atrophy. Exogenous administration of lactobacilli has been demonstrated to be effective in stimulating intestinal mucosal growth and reduce mucosal inflammation. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v administration on external radiation injury in colon anastomotic healing at different time points. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Lb. plantarum 299v or saline as control and received external radiation of the lower abdomen (10 Gy/day) on day 3 and 7 of the experiment. After 4 days, a colonic resection with anastomosis was performed. Animals were sacrificed on 4th, 7th and 11th day postoperatively. Body weight, white blood cell (WBC) count, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydroxyproline, nucleotide, DNA and RNA content, colonic bacterial microflora, bacterial translocation and histology were evaluated. RESULTS: On the 4th postoperative day body weight, WBC and MPO decreased significantly after radiation. On the 7th postoperative day MPO decreased after radiation. In the two irradiated groups it decreased significantly in the Lb. plantarum group compared to the radiated group without treatment. Collagen concentration on the 7th postoperative day was significantly higher in Lb. plantarum group without radiation compared to the group with radiation without Lb. plantarum. On the 11th postoperative day MPO was significantly higher in irradiated rats without treatment compared to Lb. plantarum treatment. The collagen concentration increased significantly in the irradiated Lb. plantarum group compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSION: The collagen content decreased and MPO activity increased significantly of the colonic anastomosis in irradiated rats without treatment compared to those treated with Lb. plantarum. It therefore seems that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces the intestinal injury and inflammation following external radiation and improves the colonic anastomotic healing.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Mangell, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Does Not Reduce Enteric Bacteria or Bacterial Translocation in Patients Undergoing Colon Resection.
- 2012
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In: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 57:7, s. 1915-1924
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Probiotics may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. This randomized trial investigated the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the intestinal load of potentially pathogenic bacteria, bacterial translocation, and cell proliferation in elective colon surgery. METHODS: Seventy-five patients were randomized to pre- and postoperative oral intake of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v or placebo. Rectal swabs and mucosal biopsies were taken before the start of intake, after 1 week, at surgery, and after 6 days, weeks, and months. Viable counts were quantified for clostridia, Enterobacteriaceae, Gram-negative anaerobes, and lactobacilli. Bacterial translocation was determined by the analysis of bacterial DNA genes in mesenteric lymph nodes. Ki-67 was used as a marker of cell proliferation in normal mucosa and tumor. RESULTS: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was given without adverse effects. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v as well as Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative anaerobes increased in the colon 1 week after the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. There were no significant differences between patients receiving Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and placebo in the incidence of bacterial translocation (27 vs. 13 %) and postoperative complications (16 vs. 31 %). CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was established in the intestine, but no inhibitory effect on enteric bacteria, bacterial translocation, or postoperative complications was found. The mechanism behind the protective effects of probiotics found in animal and some human studies remain elusive and require further explorations. No adverse effects were recorded after the administration of high doses of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v.
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| 49. |
- Matthiasson, S E, et al.
(author)
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Study of the interaction of dextran and enoxaparin on haemostasis in humans
- 1994
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In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 72:5, s. 722-727
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect on haemostatic variables by dextran 70, enoxaparin and their combinations, given in doses of 500 ml i.v. and 40 mg s.c. respectively, was studied in a randomised cross-over fashion in twelve healthy male volunteers. Antifactor-IIa activity, antifactor-Xa activity, APTT, factor VIII, vWF, bleeding time and blood counts were analysed over a 24-h period. Dextran alone did not affect antifactor-IIa activity and antifactor-Xa activity. No difference in antifactor-IIa and antifactor-Xa activity was found for Amax, tmax, AUC0-8 h and AUC0-24 h in the groups treated with enoxaparin or the combination of enoxaparin and dextran. Only minor changes in APTT were observed without statistical significance between the treatment groups. Factor VIII did not change significantly in the three treatment groups. However, vWF was significantly reduced in the dextran and the dextran/enoxaparin group (p = 0.046 and 0.01 respectively) but no difference was found between the two groups. Bleeding time was not significantly increased four hours after administration of the test substances and no difference was found between the individual treatment groups. Our findings indicate that dextran can be combined with enoxaparin, when used in thromboprophylactic doses, without increased risk for bleeding.
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| 50. |
- Molin, Andreas, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Konsekvenser av avräkningsperiodens längd vid nettodebitering av solel
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The way that owners of PV systems are handled today gives, in practice, installations of very small PV systems relative to what would be possible if all appropriately oriented roof and facade surfaces were fully exploited. This problem occurs because there is a surplus of PV electricity for the system owner, who receives a zero or low value in relation to the electricity purchases that are avoided. For single-family houses, this means that without net billing it is economically optimal to install only up to about 2-7 m2 of the approximately 60 m2 that are available on the roof of a single-family house. Other end-user types, such as multi-family buildings, agriculture and industry, also show low use of available surfaces. With the current system, the major part of the possible PV production on buildings is hindered. This electricity production does not exploit any new land and has a potential in Sweden of about 10-15 TWh, assuming that 25% of the roof and wall surfaces that have at least 70% of optimum solar radiation are exploited.The effects of five different scenarios, without and with monthly or annual net billing for an electricity consumer who is also a PV electricity producer have been studied for ten different building types, including three single-family houses, two multi-family buildings and five other properties. The implications for four actors – the solar electricity producer, the grid owner, the electricity trader and the Swedish state – have been calculated. It is thus 200 different combinations that are reported. For each combination the outcome at any system size can also be seen in the reported figures.The amount of saved electricity for the PV owner depends substantially on the time-horizon of the net billing period. Monthly net billing would drastically improve the utilization of roof areas, but still limits the utilization. Annual net billing gives a similar additional improvement. With annual net billing, the roofs of all the studied types of properties could be covered either entirely with solar cells or as much as needed to cover the annual needs of electricity. A net billing limit, for example 63A=43.5 kW=313 m2, would be a size delimiter for larger buildings.Grid owners would be affected in the form of reduced revenues for the electricity transfer, reduced losses in the local grid and increased revenue from excess electricity which the PV owner donates to the grid.For electricity traders increasing system size means that sales to the PV owner decrease in the same way as bought electricity is saved for the PV owner. The balance responsible actor (BA), which takes care of generated solar electricity, can usually make a profit due to the price profile. This could also be the grid owner, or the BA designated by the grid owner, or an electricity trader chosen by the system owner depending on how the net billing is handled. If the same electricity trader is affected by the reduction in electricity sales and earnings due to the price profile, this will be favourable for the electricity trader.Looking at tax from PV installations, net billing has the same economic effect as if the PV owner had made an energy efficiency measure. The calculations have not taken into account the state's tax revenue of the investment, which today is higher than the loss of revenue for energy tax and VAT.For the further development of the PV market in Sweden it is of utmost importance to make it possible, as soon as possible, for PV system owners to get a reasonable compensation for their excess electricity. Net billing would be an easy way to solve this problem. The most practical and easiest way to achieve net billing would be if the grid owner could send a net value to the electricity trader. The period for net billing should be longer than one month if all available roof and wall areas are to be optimally utilized.
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