| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Castelnuovo, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? : Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use.Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form.Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results.Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy.
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| 3. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
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Ensuring privacy of occupancy changes in smart buildings
- 2020
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Ingår i: CCTA 2020 - 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 871-876
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart building management systems rely on sensors to optimize the operation of buildings. If an unauthorized user gains access to these sensors, a privacy leak may occur. This paper considers such a potential leak of privacy in a smart residential building, and how it may be mitigated by corrupting the measurements with additive Gaussian noise. This corruption is done in order to hide when the occupancy changes in an apartment. A lower bound on the variance of any estimator that estimates the change time is derived. The bound is then used to analyze how different model parameters affect the variance. It is shown that the signal to noise ratio and the system dynamics are the main factors that affect the bound. These results are then verified on a simulator of the KTH Live-In Lab Testbed, showing good correspondence with theoretical results.
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| 4. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
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Maximizing Privacy in MIMO Cyber-Physical Systems Using the Chapman-Robbins Bound
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 6272-6277
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Privacy breaches of cyber-physical systems could expose vulnerabilities to an adversary. Here, privacy leaks of step inputs to linear time-invariant systems are mitigated through additive Gaussian noise. Fundamental lower bounds on the privacy are derived, which are based on the variance of any estimator that seeks to recreate the input. Fully private inputs are investigated and related to transmission zeros. Thereafter, a method to increase the privacy of optimal step inputs is presented and a privacy-utility trade-off bound is derived. Finally, these results are verified on data from the KTH Live-In Lab Testbed, showing good correspondence with theoretical results.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Folke, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy quality management and low energy architecture
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4558-4564
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forth energy quality management as the stepwise process of taking care of the quality of energy better. Energy quality can also be expressed as exergy, which measures the useful work potential of a given amount or flow of energy. Energy quality management is particularly useful to reduce the primary energy use in the built environment. This is achieved by reducing the heating and cooling demand, making use of passive building techniques, exploiting local renewable sources, and utilizing efficiently non-renewable energy. The application of the Rational Exergy Management Model further indicates how the integration of the building in the broader perspective of the community level is crucial to curb the building-related CO2 emissions. The paper concludes that exergy is a vital aspect for low energy and low CO2 emissions architecture.
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| 6. |
- Björk, Folke, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Exergi - en kvalitetsfråga
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :5, s. 17-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brown, Nils W. O., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability assessment of renovation packages for increased energy efficiency for multi-family buildings in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 61, s. 140-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a method for assessing renovation packages drawn up with the goal of increasing energy efficiency. The method includes calculation of bought energy demand, life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis and assessment of the building according to the Swedish environmental rating tool Miljöbyggnad (MB). In this way the methodology assesses economic, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and specifically environmental aspects associated with energy demand of such packages from a sustainability point-of-view. Through MB, energy efficiency packages are placed in context with other necessary measures required to improve environmental performance in buildings, providing a consistent and systematic basis other than simply financial performance by which to compare capital improvements. The method is further explained and analyzed by applying it in three case studies. In each case study a multi-family building representing a typologically significant class in the Swedish building stock is considered, and for each building a base case and two renovation packages with higher initial investment requirement and higher energy efficiency are defined. It is shown that higher efficiency packages can impact IEQ indicators both positively and negatively and that packages reducing energy demand by approx. 50% have somewhat higher LCC. Identified positive IEQ impacts point to added value for packages that may not otherwise be communicated, while negative impacts identify areas where packages need to be improved, or where MB indicators may be referred to as specifications in procurement procedures.
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| 9. |
- Burigana, C., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring cosmic origins with CORE : Effects of observer peculiar motion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), cosmic infrared background (CIB), and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect due to the peculiar motion of an observer with respect to the CMB rest frame, which induces boosting effects. After a brief review of the current observational and theoretical status, we investigate the scientific perspectives opened by future CMB space missions, focussing on the Cosmic Origins Explorer (CORE) proposal. The improvements in sensitivity offered by a mission like CORE, together with its high resolution over a wide frequency range, will provide a more accurate estimate of the CMB dipole. The extension of boosting effects to polarization and cross-correlations will enable a more robust determination of purely velocity-driven effects that are not degenerate with the intrinsic CMB dipole, allowing us to achieve an overall signal-to-noise ratio of 13; this improves on the Planck detection and essentially equals that of an ideal cosmic variance-limited experiment up to a multipole l similar or equal to 2000. Precise inter-frequency calibration will offer the opportunity to constrain or even detect CMB spectral distortions, particularly from the cosmological reionization epoch, because of the frequency dependence of the dipole spectrum, without resorting to precise absolute calibration. The expected improvement with respect to COBE-FIRAS in the recovery of distortion parameters (which could in principle be a factor of several hundred for an ideal experiment with the CORE configuration) ranges from a factor of several up to about 50, depending on the quality of foreground removal and relative calibration. Even in the case of similar or equal to 1% accuracy in both foreground removal and relative calibration at an angular scale of 1 degrees, we find that dipole analyses for a mission like CORE will be able to improve the recovery of the CIB spectrum amplitude by a factor similar or equal to 17 in comparison with current results based on COBE-FIRAS. In addition to the scientific potential of a mission like CORE for these analyses, synergies with other planned and ongoing projects are also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Building Occupants, Their Behavior and the Resulting Impact on Energy Use in Campus Buildings : A Literature Review with Focus on Smart Building Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 16:17, s. 6104-6104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the light of global climate change and the current energy crisis, it is crucial to target sustainable energy use in all sectors. Buildings still remain one of the most energy-demanding sectors. Campus buildings and higher educational buildings are important to target due to their high and increasing energy demand. This building segment also represents a research gap, as mostly office or domestic buildings have been studied previously. In the quest for thermal comfort, a key stakeholder in building energy demand is the building occupant. It is therefore crucial to promote energy-aware behaviors. The building systems are another key factor to consider. As conventional building systems are replaced with smart building systems, the entire scenario is redrawn for how building occupants interact with the building and its systems. This study argues that behavior is evolving with the smartness of building systems. By means of a semi-systematic literature review, this study presents key findings from peer-reviewed research that deal with building occupant behavior, building systems and energy use in campus buildings. The literature review was an iterative process based on six predefined research questions. Two key results are presented: a graph of reported energy-saving potentials and a conceptual framework to evaluate building occupants impact on building energy use. Furthermore, based on the identified research gaps in the selected literature, areas for future research are proposed.
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| 11. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-
(författare)
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Human-Centric Operations of Smarter Higher Educational Buildings in Sweden
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD thesis is based on four articles, each focused on distinct research areas: building occupants, smarter higher educational buildings, smart building systems and the digital transformation of real estate organizations. Rather than concentrating on one specific research area, the objective was to provide a comprehensive view of the broader system and delve into these four key research areas. Thus, they are all interdependent and require equal attention to facilitate the digital transformation within the commercial real estate industry. This transformation aims to create a more climate neutral built environment while ensuring good quality indoor comfort. The findings reveal a paradox within smart building systems, where building occupants are often treated as passive agents and interactions are intentionally reduced. However, it can be argued that some interactions will be beneficial, as building occupants considered as active agents could contribute to a more sustainable building operation. This study also concludes that current smart buildings are not yet smart enough and that all data is not smart data. Furthermore, the investigation into what constitutes a smart building has led to the identification of key features of smarter higher educational buildings. Finally, the concluding part of this study delved into the organizational challenges associated with digital transformation, proposing potential solutions to enhance innovation processes. Based on these findings, a framework for human-centric digital transformation was proposed.
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| 12. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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In Search for Untapped Energy-Saving Potential in Green and Smart Higher Educational Buildings—An Empirical Case Study Involving the Building Occupants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 13:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy-intense activities and the unpredictable and complex behavior of building occupants lead to an increase in building energy demand. It is, therefore, crucial to study underlying factors for building energy demand related to the users. Higher educational buildings are relevant to study for several reasons: they host the future workforce and citizens, they are predicted to increase in numbers, and they represent a building type less studied. Furthermore, green-rated buildings equipped with smart building systems also represent a research gap that is relevant to address since such a building design involves IoT-functionalities and digital features for the building occupants to interact with. There is also a conceivable risk that if the users know that the building is green-rated and technologically advanced, this may alter their perception of the building operation and thus their behavior. To study the relationship between building occupants and such green and smart educational structure, a survey was conducted in a Swedish higher educational building; as a result, 300 responses were collected and analyzed. The responses revealed that the building occupants act with energy awareness, and they are conscious about energy-saving behaviors. One building feature in particular was studied: the Digital Room Panels (DRPs). The DRP allows the building occupants to modify the indoor temperature and is, therefore, essential for thermal comfort. One key finding from the survey revealed that 70% of the building occupants did not know how the DRPs operate. This study argues that this result can be explained with a lack of communication and user friendliness. Inadequate interactions with building systems could also result in opportunities for energy saving might not be realized. The findings of this case study led to valuable recommendations and suggestions for future research endeavors.
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| 13. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Showcasing a Digital Twin for Higher Educational Buildings : Developing the Concept Towards Human Centricity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Built Environment. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-3362. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital twin technology is an emerging technology within the built environment. There are yet many unexplored opportunities to utilize digital twins for facilitating the transformation towards a climate neutral building stock while also meeting the expectations from the building occupants. This article presents a case study of a digital twin, developed for an existing commercial building stock of campus areas in Sweden. The overarching purpose of the digital twin is to support both building occupants and building operators. This twofold human-centric approach represents a novel approach for building digital twins. The digital twin is based on 3D scanning and together with geospatial data, a real-like navigational indoor environment is created. Three innovative features are presented; the building analysis module, the digital twin mobile application and the building operations module. The results show that the digital twin improves the building occupant’s experience by supporting navigation and providing access to room booking system via this dedicated interface. Building management is also benefited by the digital twin through easier access to building data aggregated into one platform and a state-of-the-art analysis tool for optimizing the use of indoor space. The digital twin holds future potential to achieve operational excellence by incorporating feedback mechanisms and utilizing Artificial Intelligence to enable intelligent fault detection and prevention. Keywords:
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| 14. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Showcasing the First Steps Towards a Digital Twin for Campus Environments
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 BuildSim Nordic. - : EDP Sciences.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a path towards the implementation of a Digital Twin for campus environments. The main purpose of the Digital Twin is to accomplish an advanced analytical tool, which supports building owners, building operators and building users to reach an improved performance of the building. Digital Twins is new to the building and the real estate industry, hence research within this field is scarce. This paper contributes to the research by providing a methodology to implement a Digital Twin of an existing building stock of campus areas in Sweden. The main results obtained so far are presented. They indicate that the potential of a Digital Twin expands beyond the aspects of a navigational digital 3D model, including a state-of-the-art app that is developed from the Digital Twin platform.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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Hess Opinions : An interdisciplinary research agenda to explore the unintended consequences of structural flood protection
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 22:11, s. 5629-5637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One common approach to cope with floods is the implementation of structural flood protection measures, such as levees or flood-control reservoirs, which substantially reduce the probability of flooding at the time of implementation. Numerous scholars have problematized this approach. They have shown that increasing the levels of flood protection can attract more settlements and high-value assets in the areas protected by the new measures. Other studies have explored how structural measures can generate a sense of complacency, which can act to reduce preparedness. These paradoxical risk changes have been described as "levee effect", "safe development paradox" or "safety dilemma". In this commentary, we briefly review this phenomenon by critically analysing the intended benefits and unintended effects of structural flood protection, and then we propose an interdisciplinary research agenda to uncover these paradoxical dynamics of risk.
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| 17. |
- Ebadat, Afrooz, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-room occupancy estimation through adaptive gray-box models
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE 54th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479978861 ; , s. 3705-3711, s. 3705-3711
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the problem of estimating the occupancy level in buildings using indirect information such as CO2 concentrations and ventilation levels. We assume that one of the rooms is temporarily equipped with a device measuring the occupancy. Using the collected data, we identify a gray-box model whose parameters carry information about the structural characteristics of the room. Exploiting the knowledge of the same type of structural characteristics of the other rooms in the building, we adjust the gray-box model to capture the CO2 dynamics of the other rooms. Then the occupancy estimators are designed using a regularized deconvolution approach which aims at estimating the occupancy pattern that best explains the observed CO2 dynamics. We evaluate the proposed scheme through extensive simulation using a commercial software tool, IDA-ICE, for dynamic building simulation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Farjadnia, Mahsa, et al.
(författare)
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Robust data-driven predictive control of unknown nonlinear systems using reachability analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0947-3580.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work proposes a robust data-driven predictive control approach for unknown nonlinear systems in the presence of bounded process and measurement noise. Data-driven reachable sets are employed for the controller design instead of using an explicit nonlinear system model. Although the process and measurement noise are bounded, the statistical properties of the noise are not required to be known. By using the past noisy input-output data in the learning phase, we propose a novel method to over-approximate exact reachable sets of an unknown nonlinear system. Then, we propose a data-driven predictive control approach to compute safe and robust control policies from noisy online data. The constraints are guaranteed in the control phase with robust safety margins by effectively using the predicted output reachable set obtained in the learning phase. Finally, a numerical example validates the efficacy of the proposed approach and demonstrates comparable performance with a model-based predictive control approach.
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| 20. |
- Farjadnia, Mahsa, et al.
(författare)
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What influences occupants' behavior in residential buildings : An experimental study on window operation in the KTH Live-In Lab
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2023. ; , s. 752-758
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Window-opening and window-closing behaviors play an important role in indoor environmental conditions and therefore have an impact on building energy efficiency. On the other hand, the same environmental conditions drive occupants to interact with windows. Understanding this mutual relationship of interaction between occupants and the residential building is thus crucial to improve energy efficiency without disregarding occupants' comfort. This paper investigates the influence of physical environmental variables (i.e., indoor and outside climate parameters) and categorical variables (i.e., time of the day) on occupants' behavior patterns related to window operation, utilizing a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The data considered in this study are collected during winter months, when the effect on the energy consumption of the window operation is the highest, at a Swedish residential building, the KTH Live-In Lab, accommodating four occupants in separate studio apartments. Although all the occupants seem to share a sensitivity to some common factors, such as air quality and time of the day, we can also observe individual variability with respect to the most significant drivers influencing window operation behaviors.
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| 21. |
- Fontan, Angela, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social interactions for a sustainable lifestyle : The design of an experimental case study
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every day we face numerous lifestyle decisions, some dictated by habits and somemore conscious, which may or may not promote sustainable living. Aided by digital technology,sustainable behaviors can diffuse within social groups and inclusive communities. This paperoutlines a longitudinal experimental study of social influence in behavioral changes towardsustainability, in the context of smart residential homes. Participants are students residing inthe housing on campus referred to as KTH Live-In Lab, whose behaviors will be observedw.r.t. key lifestyle choices, such as food, resources, mobility, consumption, and environmentalcitizenship. The focus is on the preparatory phase of the case study and the challengesand limitations encountered during its setup. In particular, this work proposes a definitionof sustainability indicators for environmentally significant behaviors, and hypothesizes that,through digitalization of a household into a social network of interacting tenants, sustainableliving can be promoted.
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| 22. |
- Fontan, Angela, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social interactions for a sustainable lifestyle : The design of an experimental case study
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every day we face numerous lifestyle decisions, some dictated by habits and some more conscious, which may or may not promote sustainable living. Aided by digital technology, sustainable behaviors can diffuse within social groups and inclusive communities. This paper outlines a longitudinal experimental study of social influence in behavioral changes toward sustainability, in the context of smart residential homes. Participants are residing in the housing on campus referred to as KTH Live-In Lab, whose behaviors are observed w.r.t. key lifestyle choices, such as food, resources, mobility, consumption, and environmental citizenship. The focus is on the preparatory phase of the case study and the challenges and limitations encountered during its setup. In particular, this work proposes a definition of sustainability indicators for environmentally significant behaviors, and hypothesizes that, through digitalization of a household into a social network of interacting tenants, sustainable living can be promoted. Preliminary results confirm the feasibility of the proposed experimental methodology.
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| 23. |
- Grippi, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigation of gravity-induced distortions of binder-jetting components during rotational sintering
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Additive Manufacturing Letters. - 2772-3690. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using theory and simulations, the challenge of gravity-induced distortions during sintering is addressed and a mitigation strategy is proposed. Based on the continuum theory of sintering, the finite element simulation demonstrates the advantages of a rotating furnace to counteract gravity forces during sintering. Its application for stainless steel hollow parts produced by additive manufacturing (binder jetting) is demonstrated, numerically, for reliable industrial production of complex shapes. Sintering a tube in a very slow rotating motion exhibits an improvement in the final deformation ratio compared to a conventional sintering process. The same concept has been adapted for higher furnace revolution speeds and the centrifugal force is now surpassing the effects of gravity. An extended study of sintering under microgravity for space-borne applications is also widely depicted with the same model. Indeed, it shows the possibility of reproducing Earth's sintering conditions at places where gravity is insufficient to provide acceptable densification and shape conservation during sintering.
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| 24. |
- Gullström, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Sharing Spaces in the Sharing Economy - to save energy, increasewell-being or boost inn vation? How do new initiatives align with energy transition?
- 2017
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Ingår i: BIWAES - Biennial International Workshop Advances in Energy Studies. - Graz. - 9783851255133 - 9783851255140
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our paper is informed by the recent interest in how the sharing economy and related initiatives mayact as drivers for energy transition and increase well-being and social sustainability in smart sustainable city contexts. We take the example of temporary buildings that for a limited time period offer shared public spaces for public events in the city. Such initiatives are often linked to quadruple helix initiatives in which a local city council, industry and academia join forces to engage citizens in the energy and climate debate, with a temporary building structure as the focal point. The paper argues that such energy initiatives are valuable in terms of social sustainability since they create additional public space for the benefit of citizen debate; contribute scalable solutions and effective infrastructure that can promote energy awareness among citizens. However, there is limited scientific evidence, and a lacking awareness, of the energy efficiency and climate comfort relating to temporary buildings for public use. Our preliminary results show that such factors risk to obscure the well-intended objectives of quadruple helix initiatives to support energy transition. The revealed problems of a Stockholm use case suggest that in spite of significant social and economic impact resulting from curated public events which attracted an unprecedented number of visitors, energy consumption, climate comfort and indoor air quality are nevertheless important factors that also must be considered in the design and implementation of temporary building structures. The paper concludes that better climate controlshared economy thinking is necessary at theearliest stage of a planning process, for temporary buildings to be successful.
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| 25. |
- Holm, Cyril, et al.
(författare)
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GDPR och Smarta Byggnader - En undersökning av teknik, individ och samhälle i framtidens smarta byggnader
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapports huvudfokus är att undersöka balansen, beskriven ovan, utifrån det rättsliga ramverk som GDPR utgör, samt att ge vägledning för hur kommersiella fastighetsägare rent praktiskt kan arbeta med smarta byggnader. Den pågående trenden att genom sensorer och hantering av data påverka byggnaders resursanvändning och möjligheten till ökad tjänsteleverans kommer med all sannolikhet att fortsätta och öka. Digitaliseringen av samhällsbyggnadssektorn är enbart i sin linda och vinsterna på individ, företags och samhällsnivå, dels ekonomiskt och miljömässigt, bedöms som mycket stora. För att möjliggöra potentialen av digitaliseringen, en minimering av klimatpåverkan kopplat till drift av byggnader, och samtidigt värna om individens integritet måste framtida byggnaders system för insamling och hantering av data designas varsamt. För att möjliggöra optimering av en byggnads tekniska system, samt en minimering av klimatpåverkan kopplat till drift av byggnaden, kan en fastighetsägare behöva samla in och lagra information som faller inom ramen för GDPR. För att säkerställa att fastighetsägaren följer GDPR beskrivet ovan bör följande rutiner och åtgärder genomföras.Rättslig strategiMinimera uppgifter som går att koppla till fysisk personHur kan man optimera med aggregerade uppgifter som inte kopplas till personProblematisera samtycken, resultatet av det är en rättslig osäker het som leder till att använda anonyma data. Det är inte kopplingen till person som är intressant, utan optimeringen.Problematisera anonymisering, hur gör man rent tekniskt eller sam man utgå ifrån att det är en praktisk variant av anonymisering som gäller eftersom GDPR förslår det?I den här rapporten vill vi visa hur man kan göra det enkelt att följa GDPR, och enkelt att bygga kommersiella smarta hus i relation till GDPR. Vårt förslag innehåller följande punkter som vi sedan utvecklar nedan.Data:Minimera lagring av data och maximera momentant utnyttjande av sensordataHöj och förfina optimeringsgraden Minimera uppgifter som går att koppla till fysisk person Pseudonymisera data som måste lagrasOrganisation:Ha tydlig organisation och ansvarsfördelning runt hanteringen av data och personuppgifter i relation till GDPR.Alltid ha en aktuell lista på sensorer.Använd opt-out5GDPR OCH SMARTA BYGGNADER.Utarbeta genomarbetade skriftliga samtycken.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Jóhannesson, Gudni, et al.
(författare)
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Exergy Analysis of Single and Multi-Step Thermal Processes
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - 1934-7359. ; 6:10, s. 1384-1391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper introduces the concepts of exergy and treats it applications to analysis of the gain in exergy efficiency between one-step and multi-step thermal processes. The analysis, which is carried out with the Excel-based SEPE program, is exemplified with the comparison between single-step and two-steps heat pump setup for providing heat to a floor heating system and for domestic hot water. The paper discusses the use of the concept of exergy efficiency as a measure of success for design of a heat pump application and how the use of information on exergy destruction and temperature levels in different parts of the system add a new perspective to the analysis and the evaluation of the system performance. The paper shows how this information can be used to improve the system configuration and also the operation of the system for given boundary conditions. This is especially useful when the energy from the low temperature sources can be utilized at different temperature or quality levels such as for space heating and domestic hot water.
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| 28. |
- Jóhannesson, Gudni, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergy analysis of single and multistep thermal processes
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper introduces the concepts of exergy and treats it applications to analysis of the gain in exergy efficiency between one step and multi-step thermal processes. The analysis, which is carried out with the Excel based SEPE program, is exemplified with the comparison between single step and two-steps heat pump setup for providing heat to a heat floor system and a domestic hot water. The paper discusses the use of the concept of exergy efficiency as a measure of success for design of a heat pump application and how the use of information on exergy destruction and temperature levels in different parts of the system add a new perspective to the analysis and the evaluation of the system performance. The paper shows how this information can be used to improve the system configuration and also the operation of the system for given boundary conditions. This is especially useful when the energy from the low temperature sources is can be utilized at different temperature or quality levels such as for space heating and domestic hot water.
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| 29. |
- Karvonen, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
The ‘New Urban Science’: towards the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary pursuit of sustainable transformations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Urban Transformations. - : Springer Nature. - 2524-8162. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalisation is an increasingly important driver of urban development. The ‘New Urban Science’ is one particular approach to urban digitalisation that promises new ways of knowing and managing cities more effectively. Proponents of the New Urban Science emphasise urban data analytics and modelling as a means to develop novel insights on how cities function. However, there are multiple opportunities to broaden and deepen these practices through collaborations between the natural and social sciences as well as with public authorities, private companies, and civil society. In this article, we summarise the history and critiques of urban science and then call for a New Urban Science that embraces interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to scientific knowledge production and application. We argue that such an expanded version of the New Urban Science can be used to develop urban transformative capacity and achieve ecologically resilient, economically prosperous, and socially robust cities of the twenty-first century.
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| 30. |
- Leta, Tesfaye H., et al.
(författare)
-
The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 416-425
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods — This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010–2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. Results — ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). Conclusion — The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.
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| 31. |
- Malakhatka, Elena, 1989-
(författare)
-
End-user activity-based service design in the built environment context : Exploring everyday life in KTH Live-in-Lab
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main goal of this thesis is to communicate the motivation, process, and result of the research project dedicated to exploring the topic of Service Design, based on end-user activities analysis in the built environment context. We have elected to use a KTH Live-in-Lab as a testbed in relation to the chosen living lab network of actors and stakeholders. We see an opportunity to increase the interaction between the building system and the human activity system through the service system integration. In other words, this thesis aims to investigate how new services in the built environment should be designed to support end-user's daily activities and well-being, and at the same time, help operate the building more sustainably (decrease electricity, water usage, and waste production). By following a T-shape research approach, we started with a broader perspective on service design in the context of the built environment. A Delphi method was used for consensus building, and a co-creation approach between multiple stakeholders was adopted for the broad exploration part. The insights of the general study have become a foundation for several case studies that used mixed methods (Sustainable food service and Sleeping quality assessment). The result of the study consists of theoretical and practical implications. From the theoretical perspective, the thesis contributes to service design process improvement using a living lab environment and method and developed a framework for Bi-directional value exchange between the Building System (BS) and the Human Activity System (HAS). During the case studies a service concepts portfolio for KTH Live-in-Lab was co-created with multiple stakeholders, and two concepts were tested with active end-user engagement. The findings have been presented in four journal and two conference papers appended. Keywords: service design, human activity system, building system, service system, actors network analysis, living lab, sustainable building.
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| 32. |
- Molinari, Alan, et al.
(författare)
-
Interface and strain effects on the H-sorption thermodynamics of size-selected Mg nanodots
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 41:23, s. 9841-9851
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work deals with the thermodynamics of hydride formation in 3-D nanoconfined Mg. Two ensembles of nearly monodisperse Mg nanodots (NDs) with different diameters (60 and 320 nm), were grown by the template nanopatterning method, using ultra-thin alumina membranes (UTAMs) with ordered porosity as evaporation masks. Multilayer NDs consisting of 30 nm Mg, 5 nm Ti and 5 nm Pd were deposited on UTAM-coated glass substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The lateral surface of the NDs is constituted by native MgO. The morphology of the NDs was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Hydride formation and decomposition was studied at low temperature (363-393 K) by means of optical hydrogenography. Compared to bulk Mg, the plateau pressure for hydrogen absorption in NDs exhibits an upward shift, which is larger for small NDs. Differently, the desorption plateau pressure is almost the same for the two NDs size and is lower than for bulk Mg. These hydrogen sorption features are discussed in the frame of a model that takes into account both interface energy and elastic strain energy in the constrained nanodots. The onset of plastic deformation, marked by a high pressure hysteresis between hydrogen absorption and desorption isotherms, limits the extent of hydride destabilization that can be achieved by elastic strain engineering.
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| 33. |
- Molinari, Marco
(författare)
-
A pressure and thermal exergy analysis of a waterborne and an airborne system
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Building Services, Mechanical and Building Industry Days. ; , s. 73-80
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exergetic performances of two different heating systems, a full air system with a gas boiler and a floor heating with a heat pump, have been analyzed from the generation to the emission system. Exergy thermal and pressure losses have been evaluated to illustrate which potential exists for improving the energy use. Simulations have been performed by means of SEPE, a steady state tool that makes use of the iterative cycles in Excel.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
An Exergetic Analysis and Potential for Improving the Rational Energy Use in Dwellings
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries. - : Danish Society of Engineers, IDA. - 9788778772657 ; , s. 613-620
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of a certain amount of energy is defined as the relative exergy content of this energy. Most of our buildings with their heating and cooling systems today are built for conversion of high quality energy sources to low quality use with destruction of the available exergy as a result. Globally we have a huge potential for transforming our processes to more efficient use of the exergy and also for feeding our processes directly from renewable energy sources without the use of high quality energy sources. Exergy analysis is also important as an innovation driver in buildings and building systems. This work is carried out within the frame of IEA Annex 49 Low Exergy Systems for High-Performance Buildings and Communities. The scope of the annex is to improve, on a community and building level, the design of energy use strategies, taking into account the different qualities of energy sources, from generation and distribution to consumption within in the built environment. In particular, this is carried our by the method of exergy analyses to provide assessment of the thermodynamic features of any process and to achieve a clear, quantitative indication of both the irreversibilities and potential for matchmaking between the resources used and the end-use energy flows. The paper contains a systematic survey of the exergy consuming processes for building and building appliances, their role in exergy balance, the level of energy quality needed in primary process and the potential for developing processes towards improved exergy efficiency. The work presented here gives a listing of the important processes in buildings with a discussion of their nature from an exergy point of view. The methodology for analysis is exemplified for a limited number of processes, dealing with the energy use and exergy destruction in processes, the potential for exergy saving and the discussion on the technical and economical feasibility.
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| 36. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital twin of the Live-In Lab Testbed KTH: development and calibration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BuildSIM-Nordic 2020. - Oslo : sintef akademisk forlag.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled unprecedented possibilities to tackle worldwide ambitious sustainability targets. Demonstration facilities like the KTH Live-In Lab are fundamental for the adoption of ICT solutions for energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings. The Live-In Lab monitoring infrastructure enables the creation of a digital-twin, which facilitates a cost effective development, testing and implementation of advanced control and fault detection strategies.The paper proposes a calibration methodology for the thermal model (energy and comfort) of the Live-In Lab, developed in IDA-ICE, to be deployed as a digital twin. The methodology first screens the parameters with most impact on energy use and then calibrates the model minimizing the error in both indoor comfort and energy use with a weighting parameter β. Calibration results are then validated against the measured data.The results of this paper will be instrumental to the improvement of control systems and it will facilitate the study of behavioral aspects of the energy use.
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| 37. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic exergy analysis of ground-coupled heat pumps for residential buildings
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buildings have lower exergy demand than their energy demand. Heat pumps can exploit this potential. Their COP greatly increases for a reduced temperature difference between evaporator and condenser. Given a low-temperature heating emission system, the performance of the heat pumps can be maintained high throughout the year, even in cold climates, if a ground storage system or a ground heat source is present. The interactions between building, heat pump, circulation pumps and source systems are complex. The performance of ground-coupled heat pumps is commonly measured in terms of COP, but the mere energy analysis might be misleading in finding potential for further optimization. Instead, the concept of exergy has been chosen since it yields the thermodynamic value of its associated energy flow.In this paper exergy has been applied to practical study cases, involving ground-coupled heat pumps, to give a better understanding on such systems and explore the potential for improving them. Dynamic simulations of the buildings have been done with IDA and the storage has been modeled by means of MATLAB.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Molinari, Marco, 1980-
(författare)
-
Exergy Analysis in Buildings : A complementary approach to energy analysis
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Though mandatory to be pursued, improved energy efficiency is not the only target to reach. The quality of energy has to be assessed as well. Most of the overall energy use in residential building is for low temperature heat, i.e. temperatures relatively close to the outdoor conditions. From a thermodynamic point of view, this is a degraded form of energy with low potential to be converted into work. On the other hand energy demand is mostly met with high quality energy, such as electricity and natural gas. There is a mismatch between supply and demand, which is not clearly shown by the sole energy analysis. Target of this thesis is to analyze the energy use in buildings from the point of view of its quality, to provide effective theoretical and calculation tools to investigate this mismatch, to assess its magnitudo and to propose improvements aiming at a more rational use of the energy. The idea behind the quality is clarified with the concept of exergy. The potential for improvement in space heating is shown. In no heating system the overall exergy efficiency is above 20%, with fossil fuels. Using direct electricity heating results in exergy efficiency below 7%. Most of the household appliances processes have low-exergy factors but still are supplied with electricity. This results in poor exergy efficiencies and large exergy losses. Systems are poorly performing because little consideration is explicitly given to energy quality. Policies to lower the energy demand, though vital as first step towards an improved use of energy, should not neglect the exergy content. The problem is then shifted to find suitable supplies. Electricity can be exploited with low exergy losses with high-COP heat pumps. Use of fossil fuels for heating purposes should be avoided. District heating from cogeneration and geothermal proves to be a suitable solution at the building level. The issues connected to its exploitation forces to shift the boundary layers of the analysis from the building level to the community level. A rational use of energy should address the community level. The system boundaries have to be enlarged to a dimension where both the energy conversion and use take place with reduced energy transportation losses. This is a cost-effective way to avoid the waste of the exergy potential of the sources with exergy cascade and to make it possible the integration of with renewable sources. Exergy efficiency of the buildings is a prerequisite for a better of energy in this field.
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| 40. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergy analysis of cooling systems and strategies
- 2011
-
Ingår i: NSB 2011 - 9th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics. ; , s. 1153-1160
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in the building stock represents a major share of the total energy use in developed countries. Ventilation and cooling of buildings constitute a constantly increasing part of the total energy use in buildings. One of the reasons for the increase of the energy use is increasing user demands. In combination with increasing ambient air temperatures, cooling of buildings will become a necessity. To minimise costs and energy demand, available cooling solutions must be optimised and innovative approaches encouraged. The growing awareness of climate change in combination with rising prices on fossil fuels have boosted the demand for energy efficient and even plus-energy buildings. By minimising the losses of energy used for conditioning the indoor environment, heating and cooling systems with a low temperature difference to the room can be used. Floor heating or cooling are common examples. Using distribution of heating and cooling at temperatures close to the room temperature opens the possibility to utilise low quality energy sources, for instance cooling with ambient heat sinks or heating with waste energy. Exergy analysis is a powerful tool for allocating the most relevant energy losses and suggesting technical solutions for improving cooling and heating systems. Aim of this paper is to illustrate the methodological issues with exergy analysis and to show what potential exists for improving the cooling systems by means of the exergy analysis. A program for exergy performance assessment has been developed for analyzing cooling systems. Different cooling systems have been analyzed from the generation to the heat emission system to the room environment. The analyzed systems comprise a chiller with high temperature lift, a hybrid cooling tower and floor cooling, a chiller with low temperature lift, hybrid cooling tower and floor cooling and a chiller with high temperature lift, hybrid cooling and air cooling. The results from simulations illustrate that the overall exergy efficiency of such systems is low and can be further improved by a more rational energy management.
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| 41. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergy analysis of different solutions for humidity control in heritage buildings
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in the building stock represents a major contribution to the total energy use in developed countries. Increasing limitations to the energy demand of the new buildings have been imposed by the building codes in the last decades, which resulted in improved building envelopes. Yet, in many cases it is not either technically or economically feasible to improve the existing building shells. A typical example is represented by historical buildings, such churches and old buildings, which often may not be improved for aesthetical or economic reasons. Often poorly insulated, such buildings would require a high energy demand to keep them at the preferable hygro-thermal conditions. As a consequence they are often left unheated, which also affects the usability of these buildings. However, the risk of moisture damage often requires them to be slightly heated to a certain temperature. As the energy demand is linked to the possibility of improving the building shell, the exergy approach gives interesting insights on the problem. Exergy analysis emphasizes the thermodynamic valuable part of the energy demand in the building and straightforwardly defines the minimum energy demand for a certain process. The energy demand being equal, it is still possible to lower the exergy demand and consumption. A lower exergy demand paves the way to the exploitation of renewable sources, such as solar power. Often the main task is to keep the RH humidity within a certain range. Aim of this paper is to perform a theoretical exergy analysis of three different solutions for lowering the RH in the building. The basic approach keeps the temperature of the indoor space at a constant level. A second approach-the so-called conservation heating- consists in letting the temperature vary according to the maximum allowed indoor relative humidity. In the third case the target is reached by means of a dehumidification process. Advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are shown under the energy and exergy points of view. The present research is done within the framework of the "Spara och bevara" project, which targets cost-efficient solutions for the conservation and the use of heritage buildings in Sweden and the IEA Annex49 and ESF COSTexergy projects, which aim at energy-efficient buildings and communities through the application of the low-exergy approach.
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| 42. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergy analysis of different solutions for humidity control in heritage buildings
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings universitet. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2041-2048
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in the building stock represents a major contribution to the total energy use in developed countries. Increasing limitations to the energy demand of the new buildings have been imposed by the building codes in the last decades, which resulted in improved building envelopes. Yet, in many cases it is not either technically or economically feasible to improve the existing building shells. A typical example is represented by historical buildings, such churches and old buildings, which often may not be improved for aesthetical or economic reasons. Often poorly insulated, such buildings would require a high energy demand to keep them at the preferable hygro-thermal conditions. As a consequence they are often left unheated, which also affects the usability of these buildings. However, the risk of moisture damage often requires them to be slightly heated to a certain temperature. As the energy demand is linked to the possibility of improving the building shell, for instance by adding insulation or making it more airtight, the exergy approach gives interesting insights on the problem. Exergy analysis emphasizes the thermodynamic valuable part of the energy demand in the building and straightforwardly defines the minimum energy demand for a certain process. The energy demand being equal, it is still possible to lower the exergy demand and consumption. A lower exergy demand paves the way to the exploitation of renewable sources, such as solar power. Often the main task is to keep the RH humidity within a certain range. Aim of this paper is to perform a theoretical exergy analysis of three different solutions for lowering the RH in the building. The basic approach keeps the temperature of the indoor space at a constant level. A second approach-the so-called conservation heating- consists in letting the temperature vary according to the maximum allowed indoor relative humidity. In the third case the target is reached by means of a dehumidification process. Advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches are shown under the energy and exergy points of view. The present research is done within the framework of the “Spara och bevara” project, which targets cost-efficient solutions for the conservation and the use of heritage buildings in Sweden and the IEA Annex49 and ESF COSTexergy projects, which aim at energy-efficient buildings and communities through the application of the low-exergy approach.
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| 43. |
- Molinari, Marco
(författare)
-
Exergy and Parametric Analysis: Methods and Concepts for a Sustainable Built Environment
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy use in the world is continuously increasing. In the last 30 years the use of primary energy worldwide has more than doubled and it is mainly supplied with fossil fuels. A more efficient use of energy in the built environment has to be pursued if a more sustainable development is to be attained.The housing sector accounts for a major share of the energy use. Both in residential and commercial buildings, energy is mainly used for heating. Heat is energy with low quality. Traditional energy analysis methods, by failing to consider the energy quality, cannot give a holistic insight of the potential for reducing the energy used in the built environment. Exergy, instead, provides a tool to quantify the energy quality based on thermodynamic grounds.In this thesis a methodology based on both the reduction of the energy demand and exergy demand in buildings is proposed to mitigate the problems related to the energy use in buildings through a reduced and more efficient use of energy.The complex relations between building parameters to reduce the energy demand are managed with parametric analysis tools. The potential for energy demand reduction is investigated by means of screening analyses, local sensitivity analyses and global methods. A method for assessing the potential reduction of the energy demand in existing buildings and to evaluate the cost-efficiency of renovation measures based on the screening analysis is introduced and tested on two building typologies. In parallel, a program tool for parametric energy simulations, Consolis Parametric, has been developed on the core of an existing dynamic software, Consolis Energy +.Factorial analysis has been used to investigate the relations between the reduction of the energy demand and of the energy supply when ground source heat pumps are used for heating and cooling. Optimal configurations- dependent on the insulation of the building- of number of boreholes and spacing were identified for minimum electricity consumption.In the second part of this thesis exergy is used as tool for the definition of the efficient energy use in the built environment. The analysis of a multi-step heat pump to supply energy at two temperature levels, for space heating and domestic hot water production, exemplified how the reduction of the exergy loss can lead to a more efficient use of energy. The analysis was performed by means of SEPE, a modular software program developed in this work for exergy analysis in buildings.For the systematic reduction of the exergy losses in the built environment, an important prerequisite is the reduction of the exergy required by the building. Systems like floor heating and cooling, based on low difference emission temperature, are examples of low-exergy systems. Buildings with reduced need of exergy input increase the efficiency of systems like heat pumps and enhance the use of low quality energy, like waste heat and energy from low temperature renewable sources.
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| 44. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergy As A Decision Tool For The Choice Of Heating And Cooling Emission Systems
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd International Exergy, Life Cycle Assessment, and Sustainability Workshop & Symposium (ELCAS2).
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Buildings have low exergy demand compared to their energy demand. In spite of this,heating and cooling are mostly supplied with high quality energy sources, resulting inhigh thermodynamic losses. Heat pumps give an example how this potential can bebetter exploited, since their energy performance is dependent on the exergy demandof the building. The energy performance of heat pumps is highly dependent onemission temperature in the building and source temperature in the environment.Given certain environmental conditions, the exergy optimization of the emissionsystems has a direct consequence on the performance of the HPs, and hence on theelectricity consumed. In residential buildings, waterborne systems such as floorheating/cooling have large emission surfaces and allow lower input temperatures.However, a certain amount of fresh air has to be supplied for hygienic reasons, whichmight make airborne systems advantageous. In the present paper an exergy analysisof a waterborne and a hollow-core slab emission system is performed to show underwhat conditions each system has the lowest exergy demand. The analysis is based onthe results from SEPE, a specific tool for exergy analysis. It is believed that theresults indicate rational building solutions to the designers
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
ICT in the built environment: drivers, barriers and uncertainties
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Biennial International Workshop Advances in Energy Studies. - Graz. - 9783851255140 - 9783851255133
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Buildings are major contributors to energy use and environmental impact in developed societies. If theambitious sustainability targets of modern societies are to be met, energy use in the built environmentmust be addressed as a central issue.New momentum on achieving energy efficiency in the building sector has been triggered by informationand communication technology (ICT). New opportunities bringing the concept of smart building closerto reality are offered e.g. by innovative sensing techniques, extensive and cost-efficient data collectionand analysis, advanced controls and artificial intelligence.However, these opportunities are associated with cost and uncertainties regarding whether theinvestment costs are paid back in terms of energy savings, whether indoor comfort and air quality andimproved, the drawbacks in term of increased maintenance effort, complexity, reliability and resilience,the effects in terms of user interaction, how data security is affected and the long-term effects on society.This paper critically analyses recent research findings and reviews the pros and cons of some promisingICT techniques being applied in the building sector. It exemplifies drivers and barriers to implementationof advanced controls and artificial intelligence in buildings, based on findings from two test-beds inStockholm, and discusses the implications of these findings for future research.
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| 47. |
- Molinari, Marco
(författare)
-
SEPE: an Excel calculation tool for exergy-based optimizations
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Annex 49 Newsletter. - : IEA Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS). ; September:6, s. 3-3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SEPE is an acronym that stands for Software for Exergy Performance Evaluation developed at KTH, the Royal Institute for Technology, in Stockholm: it is an excel-based software that utilizes the iteration features of Excel to perform steady-state exergy evaluations and optimization of different cooling and heating systems.
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| 48. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
The application of the parametric analysis for improved energy design of a ground source heat pump for residential buildings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 63, s. 119-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use in buildings represents a major share of the overall energy used in developed countries. The reduction of the energy demand and the efficient energy use are often seen as feasible ways for a more sustainable energy use in the built environment. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are efficient systems to supply heating and cooling energy to buildings but their design is critical for their performance. Furthermore, their performance depends on the cooling and heating demand and on the environmental conditions. The need for the end-use energy for a building supplied with GSHP has been studied with regard to four parameters in two different locations. The effect of two building performance parameters, roof and external walls insulation, and of two parameters affecting the performance of GSHP, boreholes spacing and number of boreholes, have been investigated by means of factorial analysis. Results show that from an energy point of view the optimal configurations of the boreholes change depending on the variation of building parameters such as insulation. The methodology proposed allows to quantify the impact of different design configurations on the need for end-use energy.
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| 49. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Living Labs to tackle innovation bottlenecks : the KTH Live-In Lab case study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Technology Innovation to Accelerate Energy Transitions. - : Applied Energy Innovation Institute (AEii).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adoption of innovation in the buildingsector is currently too low for the ambitious sustainability goals that our societies have agreed upon. The concept of smart building, for instance, is being implemented too slowly. One of the main reasons for this is that technologies have to be proven effective and reliable before being introduced at large scale in buildings. Testbeds and demonstrators are seen as a crucial infrastructure to test and demonstrate the impact of solutions in the building sector and hence facilitate their adoption in buildings. The KTHLive-In Lab is a platform of building testbeds designed to this scope. This work describes the Live-In Lab vision,approach, technical features,provides an overview on the multidisciplinary projects that it has enabled and discusses its replicability.
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| 50. |
- Molinari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Using living labs to tackle innovation bottlenecks: the KTH Live-In Lab case study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 338, s. 120877-120877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adoption of innovation in the building sector is currently too slow for the ambitious sustainability goals thatour societies have agreed upon. Living labs are open innovation ecosystems in real-life environments usingiterative feedback processes throughout a lifecycle approach of an innovation to create sustainable impact. In thecontext of the built environment, such co-creative innovation and demonstration platforms are needed tofacilitate the adoption of innovative technologies and concepts for more energy-efficient and sustainablebuildings. However, their feasibility is not extensively proven. This paper illustrates the implementation anddemonstrates the feasibility of the Living Labs Triangle Framework for buildings living labs. This conceptualframework has been used to conceive the KTH Live-In Lab, a living lab for buildings. The goal of the Live-In Labwas to create a co-creative open platform for research and education bridging the gap between industry andacademia, featuring smart building demonstrators. The Living Lab Triangle Framework has been deployed tomeet the goals of the Live-in Lab, and the resulting concept is described. This paper then analyses the meth-odological and operational results introducing performance metrics to measure the economic sustainability, thepromotion of multidisciplinary research and development projects, dissemination and impact. The results arecompleted with a SWOT analysis identifying its current strengths and weaknesses. The results collected in thiswork fill a missing gap in the scientific literature on the performance of living labs and provide empirical evi-dence on the sustainability and impact of living labs.
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